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Purpose: This study aims to compare the effectiveness of pencil push-up training and binocular vision training in treating post-operative mild under-correction in patients with intermittent exotropia., Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted, including patients who underwent surgery for intermittent exotropia at Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University between June 2022 and January 2023 and experienced post-operative mild under-correction (-8∆ to -15∆). Patients were divided into two groups: pencil push-up training group and binocular vision training group. All patients underwent measurements of exodeviation and stereoacuity at distance and near, sensory fusion, and fusion convergence amplitude. The data were analyzed using independent sample t-tests, repeated measures analysis of variance, and Chi-square tests., Results: There were no statistically significant differences in exodeviation at distance and near between the two training groups before the training. After 6 months of training, the exodeviation at distance and near achieved a significant decrease in both groups (P < 0.05), and the pencil push-up training group showed a similar distance and near exodeviation compared to the binocular vision training group (t = 1.58, P ＞ 0.05; t = 0.43, P ＞ 0.05). After 6 months of training, the binocular vision training group exhibited significantly superior stereoacuity and fusion convergence amplitude compared to the pencil push-up training group (P < 0.001)., Conclusion: Both pencil push-up training and binocular vision training are effective in reducing exodeviation in patients with post-operative mild under-correction of intermittent exotropia. However, binocular vision training demonstrates superior efficacy in restoring stereopsis and fusion convergence amplitude compared to pencil push-up training., (Copyright © 2024 Copyright: © 2024 Indian Journal of Ophthalmology.)

Purpose. This study was to determine the effect of CTGF-small interfering RNA (siRNA) on TGF- β 2-induced proliferation in human Tenon capsule fibroblasts (HTFs). Methods. HTFs were transfected with four of CTGF-siRNAs separately for screening of gene silencing efficacy that was determined by transcript level measured by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Recombinant TGF- β 2 was added into the culture to stimulate the proliferation of HTFs. The gene silencing efficacy of the siRNAs was evaluated by qRT-PCR and immunofluorescence of CTGF transcript and protein levels. The viability of HTFs was determined by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8). FCM was used to assess cell cycle after CTGF-siRNA transfection. Results. The expression of CTGF and proliferation of HTFs were increased significantly by TGF- β 2 stimulation. The transfection of CTGF-siRNA abolished the upregulation of CTGF and cell proliferation induced by TGF- β 2. The analysis of cell cycle indicated that CTGF-siRNA treatment stimulated cells from S phase to G0/G1 phase in comparison with the inverse physiologic function of TGF- β 2. Conclusion. CTGF targeting siRNA could effectively suppress the expression of CTGF and attenuate the proliferation of HTFs. The siRNA approach may provide a therapeutic option for eliminating filtration bleb scarring after glaucoma filtration surgery (GFS).

Epithelial-msenchymal transition (EMT) contributes to posterior capsule opacification (PCO) type of cataract. Transcription factors Snail is a key trigger of EMT activated by transforming growth factor β (TGF β ). This study was done to investigate the effect of Snail targeting siRNA on TGF β 2-induced EMT in human lens epithelial cells. TGF β 2 treatment of cultured human epithelial cell line (HLEB3) upregulated the expression of Snail and the EMT relevant molecules such as vimentin and α -SMA but downregulated the expression of keratin and E-cadherin. After the stimulation of TGF β 2, the HLEB3 cells became fibroblast-like in morphology, and the junctions of cell-cell disappeared. TGF β 2 treatment also enhanced migration ability of HLEB3 cells. TGF β 2-induced Snail expression and EMT were significantly inhibited by Snail siRNA. By analyzing the response characteristics of HLEB3 in TGF β 2-induced EMT model with/without Snail-specific siRNA, we concluded that Snail is an element in the EMT of HLEB3 cells induced by TGF β 2. Snail siRNA targeting can block the induced EMT and therefore has the potential to suppress the development of PCO.