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The theory of "通过探源壮医学天阴阳理论，总结黄瑾明教授的学术成果和经验，对广西黄氏壮医针灸流派天阴阳针法的理论和临床特色进行阐释。此针法是以壮医学“三气同步”理论和天阴阳理论为指导，以“三道两路”学说为基础，以调气为法、调神为本，患者调息静息后采用微针浅刺术针刺脐环穴为主以达到调神治本目的的综合性针刺疗法。.

This study compared six models, namely the Gaines, Sikka, Nelder, Wood, Dhanoa and Hayashi models, for the estimation of 305 days milk yield in Chinese Holstein cattle. We compared their ability to reliably predict 305-day lactation yield from incomplete (3 or 6 test-day (TD)) records. Our findings revealed that the accuracies (ACC) were 0.6655–0.9948, 0.8652–0.9977 and 0.9169–0.9968, whereas the mean square errors (MSE) were 0.0121–2.4807, 0.0139–1.0716 and 0.0170–0.5528 when 3 TD records were used in the first, second and higher lactations, respectively; when 6 TD records were used, the ACC were 0.8800–0.9992, 0.8742–0.9998 and 0.7950–0.9996, whereas the MSE values were 0.0017–0.3348, 0.0011– 0.8605 and 0.0021–1.4869 in the first, second and higher lactations, respectively. All the models were fitted more accurately with 6 TD than 3 TD records. Further analysis revealed that the curves made by the Nelder, Wood and Dhanoa models were close to the actual curves. These three models can be used to predict the 305-day yield for management decisions in farms and for the genetic evaluation of Chinese Holstein cattle.

This paper introduces a new class of uncertain delayed nonholonomic systems and studies the adaptive control problem. A distinct characteristic of this work lies in that uncertain parameters and unknown time-delay exist in the system simultaneously. By proposing a dynamic gain based Lyapunov-Krasovskii method, we construct an explicit adaptive controller, which guarantees the boundedness of the states of the closed-loop system and the convergence of the original system states. Examples are provided to show the effectiveness of the presented method.

Alternative splicing (AS) contributes to the complexity of the mammalian proteome and plays an important role in diseases, including infectious diseases. The differential AS patterns of these transcript sequences between the healthy (HS3A) and mastitic (HS8A) cows naturally infected by Staphylococcus aureus were compared to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying mastitis resistance and susceptibility. In this study, using the Illumina paired-end RNA sequencing method, 1352 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) with higher than twofold changes were found in the HS3A and HS8A mammary gland tissues. Gene ontology and KEGG pathway analyses revealed that the cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction pathway is the most significantly enriched pathway. Approximately 16k annotated unigenes were respectively identified in two libraries, based on the bovine Bos taurus UMD3.1 sequence assembly and search. A total of 52.62% and 51.24% annotated unigenes were alternatively spliced in term of exon skipping, intron retention, alternative 5' splicing and alternative 3' splicing. Additionally, 1,317 AS unigenes were HS3A-specific, whereas 1,093 AS unigenes were HS8A-specific. Some immune-related genes, such as ITGB6, MYD88, ADA, ACKR1, and TNFRSF1B, and their potential relationships with mastitis were highlighted. From Chromosome 2, 4, 6, 7, 10, 13, 14, 17, and 20, 3.66% (HS3A) and 5.4% (HS8A) novel transcripts, which harbor known quantitative trait locus associated with clinical mastitis, were identified. Many DEGs in the healthy and mastitic mammary glands are involved in immune, defense, and inflammation responses. These DEGs, which exhibit diverse and specific splicing patterns and events, can endow dairy cattle with the potential complex genetic resistance against mastitis.

To explore the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the promoter region of the inner centromere protein (INCENP) gene and bovine semen quality, the haplotypes in 250 Chinese Holstein bulls were detected using PCR-RFLP method in this study. Two SNPs (g.-556 GT, rs 136823901 and g.-692 CT, rs 211010999) and three haplotypes (CG, TT, TG) were identified in the promoter region of INCENP. The genotype frequency and allele frequency of these two SNPs as well as the correlation between different SNP haplotype combinations and bovine semen quality were then analyzed. Our results showed that fresh sperm motility of the GT genotype was significantly higher than that of the GG genotype (P0.05) at the SNP site g.-556 GT, while fresh and frozen-thawed sperm motilities of the haplotype combinations H1H1(CCGG), H1H3(CTGT), H2H3(TTGT) and H3H3(TTTT) were significantly higher than that of H1H2 (P0.05). To further study the possible mechanisms by which g.-556 GT and g.-692 CT affect semen quality, three haplotype plasmids were respectively transfected into MLTC-1 cells. The TG haplotype demonstrated the highest luciferase activity, suggesting that g.-556 GT and g.-692 CT are functional mutations which could regulate INCENP gene expression by affecting promoter activity and thus affect semen quality.

Visualization of volume data is an important branch of science computing visualization and its application is very wide. This paper realized an interactive visualization system of regular volume data. Based on volume data visualization, this paper also realized 3-D model’s volume slice and equal-surface real time. It provides strong support for the researcher to find the laws behind the volume data.

We evaluated the possible involvement of phospholipid transporters and reactive oxygen species in the oxalate induced redistribution of renal epithelial cell phosphatidylserine.Madin-Darby canine kidney cells were labeled with the fluorescent phospholipid NBD-PS in the inner or outer leaflet of the plasma membrane and then exposed to oxalate in the presence or absence of antioxidant. This probe was tracked using a fluorescent quenching assay to assess the bidirectional transmembrane movement of phosphatidylserine. Surface expressed phosphatidylserine was detected by annexin V binding assay. The cell permeable fluorogenic probe DCFH-DA was used to measure the intracellular reactive oxygen species level.Oxalate produced a time and concentration dependent increase in phosphatidylserine, which may have resulted from impaired aminophospholipid translocase mediated, inward directed phosphatidylserine transport and from enhanced phosphatidylserine outward transport. Adding the antioxidant N-acetyl-L-cysteine significantly attenuated phosphatidylserine externalization by effectively rescuing aminophospholipid translocase activity.To our knowledge our findings are the first to show that oxalate induced increased reactive oxygen species generation impairs aminophospholipid translocase activity and decreased aminophospholipid translocase activity has a role in hyperoxaluria promoted calcium oxalate urolithiasis by facilitating phosphatidylserine redistribution in renal epithelial cells.

The theoretical basis, location, belonging of zang-fu, treatment function and indications, applying principle and manipulation of Umbilical Ring acupoints in Zhuang medicine are explained in this paper. According to Zhuang medicine, umbilicus is an epitome of the body and all the zang-fu and organs in the body have corresponding epitomes like a fetus in front-standing position. The umbilicus is not only a micro-diagnosis system, but also a window for illness treatment that could be divided into superficial, middle and deep layer to respectively communicate different zang-fu and organs. The umbilical inner ring and outer ring are collectively called Umbilical Ring acupoints, they could dredge paths, regulate the balance of qi and blood to regulate qi, expel poison, tonify deficiency and remove stasis to treat many types of diseases in the whole body.

Crocetin is a major component in the fruit of Gardenia jaminoides Ellis, a Chinese herbal medicine. Its protective action and mechanism against oxidative damage were investigated and mechanism against oxidative damage were investigated. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) were generated enzymatically in the xanthine-xanthine oxidase (X/XO 5 microM/0.01 u/ml) system and non-enzymatically in the paraquat (PQ 5 mM) system. Both systems increased leakage of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and alanine transaminase (ALT) in rat primary hepatocytes, but the hepatotoxicity was significantly suppressed on pretreatment with crocetin (10, 20 microM). Crocetin decreased formation of malondialdehyde (MDA) as an index of lipid peroxidation induced by ROS. The oxyradical generation by X/XO or PQ caused DNA damage evaluated with unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS) in rat primary hepatocytes. The addition of crocetin decreased genotoxicity evaluated with UDS in both systems. The data showed that crocetin also inhibited the formation of superoxide anion in the X/XO system and bleached the free radical 1, 1-diphenyl-2- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). The protective action of crocetin operated via quenching of the superoxide anion and/or free radical.

To investigate the effects of cAMP-response element binding protein-1 (CREB-1) on transforming growth factor-b3 (TGF b3) mRNA expression and promoter activity in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs).Freshly isolated HSCs from rats were divided into six groups: CREB-1 expression plasmid transfected group (C), siRNA-CREB-1 plasmid transfected group (S), negative control group (N), forskolin treated group (F), H-89 treated group (H), and blank group (B). Rats in each group were further sub-divided according to whether (+) or not (-) they were exposed to exogenous TGF b3. TGF b3 mRNA expression was measured by real time quantitative PCR. HSCs of the C, S, N, F, H and B groups were transfected with the TGF b3 promoter luciferase reporter plasmid (PGL3-TGF b3-P; W group), the TGF b3 promoter luciferase reporter plasmid with CRE mutation (PGL3-basic-TGF b3P-mCRE; M group) and the renilla luciferase control plasmid (pRL-SV40; control group). TGF b3 promoter activity was assessed by luciferase reporter assays.Compared to N(-), the TGF b3 mRNA expression was reduced to 0.69+/-0.15 in S(-) (P less than 0.05) and increased to 4.68+/-2.76 in C(-) (P more than 0.05). Compared to B(-), the TGF b3 mRNA expression was reduced to 0.57+/-0.08 in H(-) (P less than 0.05). The differences between N(+) and N(-), S(+) and S(-), B(+) and B(-), and H(+) and H(-) were all significant (P less than 0.05). The values of TGF b3 promoter activity in S(W), N(W), and C(W) were 0.062+/-0.013, 0.122+/-0.011, and 0.165+/-0.016 (P less than 0.05), but the changes of TGF b3 promoter activity in S(M), N(M), and C(M) were not significant (P more than 0.05). The values of TGF b3 promoter activity in H(W), B(W), and F(W) were 0.154+/-0.010, 0.188+/-0.016, and 0.276+/-0.031 (P less than 0.05), but the changes of TGF b3 promoter activity in H(M), B(M), and F(M) were not significant (P more than 0.05).Increased levels of CREB-1 mRNA or p-CREB-1 up-regulate the TGF b3 mRNA expression and promoter activity in rat HSCs. The CRE site in the TGF b3 promoter is critical for this effect, and the gene's activity becomes significantly decreased when the site is missing. Exogenous TGF b3 enhances expression of endogenous TGF b3 in rat HSCs.

All the federal unions, like the United States of America or the European Union face the issue of finding the right allocation of seats to their member states. There has been a lot of debates in the United States of America since two centuries in order to find the right mechanism to round off the number of representatives per state proportionally to their populations. This problem is now well documented. The existing methods of the representative apportionment actually are based on the max-utility rule, but they just satisfy one or two Fair Apportionment Axioms. To answer this question, we consider to present a dynamic apportionment method which satisfies the three axioms 1, 3 and 4. The calculable program is also presented.

To explore the effects of exogenous transforming growth factor-β3 (TGF-β3) on the activities of its promoter and cAMP-responsive element binding protein-1 (CREB-1) in rat hepatic stellate cell (HSC-T6).HSC-T6 was cultured and treated with or without exogenous TGF-β3 (10 µg/L). Then cell extracts, total RNA and nuclear proteins were collected at different time points. The specimens were detected by luciferase reporter assay, Western blotting and real-time RT-PCR (reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction) respectively.After treatment, the activity of TGF-β3 promoter peaked at 24 h (10.68 ± 0.57 vs 4.83 ± 0.56, 2.2 folds vs control). And the mutational CRE site completely blocked the activity of TGF-β3 promoter (0.73 ± 0.03, P0.05). In addition, exogenous TGF-β3 increased the expression of phospho-CREB-1 in a time-dependent manner. It peaked at 1 h (2.0 folds vs control) and declined slowly. And exogenous TGF-β3 had no effect on the mRNA and protein expressions of CREB-1 (P0.05).The activity of TGF-β3 promoter is up-regulated by exogenous TGF-β3. And CRE site in TGF-β3 promoter region is important for the transcription of TGF-β3 gene in HSC-T6. While activating CREB-1, exogenous TGF-β3 has no effect on the expressions of CREB-1 protein and mRNA.

Three novel SNPs were found by DNA sequencing, PCR-RFLP and CRS-PCR methods were used for genotyping in 979 Chinese Holstein cattle. One SNP, G1178C, was identified in exon 2 of POU1F1 gene. Two novel SNPs, A906G and A1134G, were identified in 5'-flanking regulatory region (5'-UTR) of PRL gene. The association between polymorphisms of the two genes and milk performance traits were analyzed with PROC GLM of SAS. The results showed that GC genotype at 1178 locus of POU1F1 gene was advantageous for milk yield, milk protein yield, and milk fat yield. AG genotype at 906 locus was advantageous for milk yield. There was no significant difference between 1134 locus and milk performance traits of 5'-UTR of PRL gene. Analysis of genotype combination effect on milk production traits showed that the effect of combined genotype was not simple sum of single genotypes and the effects of gene pyramiding seemed to be more important in molecular breeding.

Service industry and service trade are playing an increasingly important role in the world economy and trade. China's competitiveness in service trade is still weak. The underdevelopment, the incomplete competition and inadequate advanced factors of Chinese service industry are the major causes leading to the low competitiveness of Chinese service trade. China should speed up the development of service industry, foster some key service export sectors, and establish the promoting system for service export, so that China's competitiveness in service trade can be upgraded.

To describe the clinical features of a hereditary hemochromatosis pedigree and to explore preliminarily the genetic basis of this pedigree.Survey was carried out among the family members, including history taking, physical examination, laboratory examination (such as iron-biochemistry indexes, liver function, blood sugar), multiple-organs MRI scan, iron staining of liver biopsy tissues and making the pedigree chart. The blood samples of the pedigree were collected, the genomic DNA was extracted, the PCR amplification was made and finally the sequence analysis for several mutations of common hereditary hemochromatosis genes was done.In this pedigree, 7 members were found with iron overload and clinically diagnosed as hereditary hemochromatosis. The features are transmitted from generation to generation without gender difference and the gene penetrance is about 46%. The common mutations of SLC40A1 and HFE were not found in the family members.Cutaneous pigmentation and iron overload in liver and spleen are the most typical characters in this hereditary hemochromatosis pedigree, which corresponds with autosomal dominant inheritance. However, the genetic basis of this pedigree is unknown yet.

With the instruction of computational dynamics of multi-body systems theory, the system of rigid bodies and rigid-flexible bodies model of the diesel are built using CAE technology. Then the cylinder pressure is measured at some working condition points; the pressure data of the whole process is gained using interpolation method. The boundary condition of unsteady working condition is analysed, and the rational boundary condition is added. The dynamic strength of the diesel is analysed when it works on rated working condition, speedup working condition, and circumgyratetion condition of full rudder. The dynamic stress distributing is gotten in different working condition. The modeling and analysing process can build the basis for optimum design of diesel structure and the study of matching of ship-engine-oar.

Bovine lactoferrin (LF) is a multifunctional glycoprotein found in milk, which acts mainly as a defense factor in the mammary gland. Polymorphism has been found in the bovine LF gene. However, there is no report on genetic polymorphism of LF gene and its associations with mastitis in dairy cattle. In this study, the promoter fragment of LF gene containing -926(G/A), -915(T/G), -478(/G), and +72(T/C) mutations were genotyped by the PCR-RFLP and CRS-PCR method. Two hundred and sixty-eight Chinese Holstein cows were screened. Least square linear model (LSM) analysis was applied to evaluate the associations of LF gene with somatic cell score (SCS). The results indicated that the SCS was significantly affected by -478(/G) and +72(T/C), but not by the other two loci (P0.05). The SCS of cow with genotype AB in +72(T/C) position was significantly lower than that of genotype AA (P0.01) or AB (P0.05). In position -478(/G), the cow with genotype CC showed significantly lower SCS in contrast to cow with genotype CD and DD (P0.01). In conclusion, genotype AB in position +72(T/C) and genotype CC in position -478(/G) of LF gene were advantageous genotype, which can be used as candidate markers for mastitis resistance selection in dairy cattle.

Objective: To investigate the role of HDL subfractions, HDL 2 and HDL 3 , on the oxidation of LDL catalyzed by 5 μM Cu 2+ ion, and to illustrate the mechanism of the generation of conjugated diene and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) during LDL oxidation. Methods: LDL was incubated for 8 h with 5 μM Cu 2+ ion in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) alone, or in the presence of HDL 2 , HDL 3 , HSA, BSA, or transferrin. Meantime, LDL was incubated for 24 h with 10 μM Ni 2+ ions in PBS. The amount of conjugated diene and TBARS in each sample of LDL were measured. Results: (a) HDL 2 and HDL 3 could inhibit the generation of conjugated diene, but could not inhibit the generation of TBARS; (b) the transferrin containing HDL 3 shows the ability of inhibiting the generation of both conjugated diene and TBARS; (c) the transferrin presented in blood exhibits the inhibitory effect on the generation of conjugated diene and TBARS, however, when the transferrin is saturated with Fe 3+ ion, it could not inhibit the generation of TBARS; (d) HSA and BSA could prevent the generation of conjugated diene and TBARS; (e) Ni 2+ ion could induce the generation of conjugated diene, but the amount of TBARS was much smaller than that induced by Cu 2+ ion. Conclusion: HDL 2 and HDL 3 play important role in the copper-catalyzed oxidation of LDL; it is absolutely necessary to require chelation of Cu 2+ ion for inhibiting generation of TBARS; whereas, inhibition of conjugated diene can be fulfilled either by chelating Cu 2+ ion, or the free radicals scavenger.