Search

Adenomyosis (AM) is a common gynecological disorder characterized by the presence of endometrial glands and stroma within the uterinemyometrium. It is associated with abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB), dysmenorrhea, and infertility. Although several mechanisms have been proposed to elucidate AM, the exact cause and development of the condition remain unclear. Recent studies have highlighted the significance of macrophage polarization in the microenvironment,which plays a crucial role in AMinitiation and progression. However, a comprehensive review regarding the role and regulatory mechanism of macrophage polarization in AM is currently lacking. Therefore, this review aims to summarize the phenotype and function of macrophage polarization and the phenomenon of the polarization of adenomyosis-associated macrophages (AAMs). It also elaborates on the role and regulatory mechanism ofAAMpolarization in invasion/migration, fibrosis, angiogenesis, dysmenorrhea, and infertility. Furthermore, this review explores the underlying molecular mechanisms of AAM polarization and suggests future research directions. In conclusion, this review provides a new perspective on understanding the pathogenesis of AM and provides a theoretical foundation for developing targeted drugs through the regulation of AAM polarization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China's rural revitalization strategy has expanded non-agricultural employment opportunities for rural residents. This has directly raised farmers' incomes and household expenditures, which in turn has contributed to the upgrading of industrial structure. Using provincial data for 2012–2021, our study investigates how this employment transition affects industrial development. The effect of rural residents' consumption expenditures on this relationship is also explored through a linkage model to help measure the extent of the impact. This study further explores the regional differences in this effect and its robustness. The findings suggest that non-farm employment significantly contributes to industrial structural upgrading. However, this effect is not consistent across regions. Moreover, rural residents' consumption plays a pivotal role in this relationship. Governments should therefore encourage more non-farm jobs, stimulate domestic demand and use rural consumption as a key growth catalyst, especially after the demographic dividend disappears. It is also important to take into account regional nuances in policy formulation and make adjustments to cater for these differences to prevent any potential imbalances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on addressing the unfair exposure issue in session-based recommender systems (SRSs) which provide short-term and dynamic recommendations to users based on their current session. Topics include the introduction of new fairness metrics for item exposure and recommendation quality, the development of a dynamic Fairness-Assurance Strategy for session-based recommender systems (FASTER), and the results demonstrating its ability to improve exposure fairness.

Methane (CH4) is an important greenhouse gas, but its behavior and influencing factors over geological time scales are not sufficiently clear. This study investigated the Late Paleozoic Ice Age (LPIA), which is thought to have experienced an interval of rapid warming at ca. 304 Ma, that may have been analogous to modern warming. To explore possible causes of this warming event, we investigated ancient alkaline lakes in the Junggar Basin, northwestern China. Results show that microbial CH4 cycling here was strong, as evidenced by carbonate d13C (d13Ccarb) values of >5‰, ~+0.6‰ offsets between pristane d13C (d13CPr) and phytane d13C (d13CPh) values, a 3ß-methylhopane index of 9.5% ± 3.0%, and highly negative d13C values of hopanes (-44‰ to -61‰). Low sulfate concentrations in the alkaline lakes made methanogenic archaea more competitive than sulfate-reducing bacteria, and the elevated levels of dissolved inorganic carbon promoted methanogenesis. Biogenic CH4 emissions from alkaline lakes, in addition to CO2, may have contributed to rapid climate warming. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main purpose of this article is to prove two Rogers–Ramanujan–Slater type theta function identities related to φ(q) and ϕ0(q), which were earlier investigated by two legendary mathematicians of their time. The results presented in this paper are motivated essentially by recent works of Cao et al. (see [5]). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In addition to the temperature and pressure conditions, the pore fluid composition and migration behavior are also crucial to control hydrate decomposition in the exploitation process. In this work, to investigate the effects of these factors, a series of depressurization experiments were carried out in a visible one-dimensional reactor, using hydrate reservoir samples with water saturations ranging from 20% to 65%. The results showed a linear relationship between gas production rates and gas saturations of the reservoir, suggesting that a larger gas-phase space was conducive to hydrate decomposition and gas outflow. Therefore, the rapid water production in the early stage of hydrate exploitation could release more gas-phase space in the water-rich reservoir, which in turn improved the gas production efficiency. Meanwhile, the spatiotemporal evolution of pore fluids could lead to partial accelerated decomposition or secondary formation of hydrates. In the unsealed reservoir, the peripheral water infiltration kept reservoir at a high water saturation, which hindered the overall production process and caused higher water production. Importantly, depressurization assisted with the N2 sweep could displace the pore water rapidly. According to the results, it is recommended that using the short-term N2 sweep as an auxiliary means in the early stage of depressurization to expand the gas-phase space in order to achieve the highest production efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Shale oil is becoming increasingly important in the global energy market, but its accumulation mechanism is not fully understood. We present novel and direct fluid inclusion data from the Lower Permian Fengcheng Formation, Mahu Sag, Junggar Basin, northwest China. Shortite veins in this source rock contain abundant two-phase gas-liquid hydrocarbon inclusions and coeval aqueous inclusions. The inclusions have highly variable degrees of bubble filling (5-80 vol% vapor) and homogenization temperature differences between oil and aqueous inclusions (-50 °C), which demonstrate that fluid (oil-gas-water) immiscibility occurred at high pressures. The hydrocarbon inclusions record different levels of fluid overpressure (32.9--43.0 MPa), with a paleopressure coefficient of 1.3--1.7. Episodic fluid overpressure release resulted in shale oil accumulation, with faults/fractures acting as important migration pathways. Oil from deeper and more mature source rocks within the Fengcheng Formation was expelled upward to the shale oil reservoir. These processes are common and important in shale oil systems. These results show that the accumulation of unconventional hydrocarbons occurs pervasively within the reservoirs, and fluid displacement is critical in exploration and exploitation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we research theta function identity involving Rogers–Ramanujan identity and establish a Rogers–Ramanujan–Slater type theta function identity related to G(q) and φ(q). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The linkages between nitrogen cycling, nitrogen isotopes, and environmental properties are fundamental for reconstructing nitrogen biogeochemistry. While the impact of ocean redox changes on nitrogen isotopes is relatively well understood, it is poorly known how nitrogen responds to changes in pH and salinity. To fill the knowledge gap, we explore the effects of these environmental parameters using a well-controlled set of samples from Carboniferous-Paleogene lake sediments in China. Our results show that the threshold of 10-12‰ in d15N works to distinguish alkaline (pH > 9) from circum-neutral conditions. Elevated Mo levels in the alkaline samples support the idea of NH3 volatilization from a reducing water column in an alkaline setting. For non-alkaline lakes, d15N values tend to be higher (up to +10‰) in more saline, anoxic settings, which is attributed to either the expansion of stagnant anoxic waters spurring water-column denitrification or a shift from plant-based toward more microbially dominated ecosystems or both. Our results imply that salinity-induced redox stratification and basicity can alter nitrogen biogeochemical cycling beyond what is shown by the marine nitrogen isotope record alone. This finding will result in an improved understanding of the dynamic controls of d15N in sediments and lead to better biogeochemical interpretations of paleo-environmental conditions from unknown environmental settings on Earth and beyond Earth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Bone repair scaffolds with different filling pattern. • The 90°angle is suitable for long bone repair. • The 60°angle is suitable for bone repair with complex appearance. • The 30°angle is suitable for cancellous bone repair. 3D printing technology can control the shape and filling pattern of the scaffold very well and has been widely used in the preparation of bone repair scaffolds. Modifying the filling pattern of scaffolds to alter their mechanical properties and cellular adhesion holds immense significance. In this study, 3D-printed polylactic acid (PLA) scaffolds with different fibre angles (15°-90°) were prepared. The 90° scaffold showed the best mechanical properties and was suitable for repairing long bones. The 60° scaffold has balanced mechanical properties and is suitable for maxillofacial bone repair. The scaffold with a 30° angle was the best for cell adhesion and proliferation and was suitable for cancellous bone repair. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A session-based recommender system (SBRS) captures users' evolving behaviors and recommends the next item by profiling users in terms of items in a session. User intent and user preference are two factors affecting his (her) decisions. Specifically, the former narrows the selection scope to some item types, while the latter helps to compare items of the same type. Most SBRSs assume one arbitrary user intent dominates a session when making a recommendation. However, this oversimplifies the reality that a session may involve multiple types of items conforming to different intents. In current SBRSs, items conforming to different user intents have cross-interference in profiling users for whom only one user intent is considered. Explicitly identifying and differentiating items conforming to various user intents can address this issue and model rich contextual information of a session. To this end, we design a framework modeling user intent and preference explicitly, which empowers the two factors to play their distinctive roles. Accordingly, we propose a key-array memory network (KA-MemNN) with a hierarchical intent tree to model coarse-to-fine user intents. The two-layer weighting unit (TLWU) in KA-MemNN detects user intents and generates intent-specific user profiles. Furthermore, the hierarchical semantic component (HSC) integrates multiple sets of intent-specific user profiles along with different user intent distributions to model a multi-intent user profile. The experimental results on real-world datasets demonstrate the superiority of KA-MemNN over selected state-of-the-art methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gaussian process (GP) regression is a exible, nonparametric approach to regression that naturally quantifies uncertainty. In many applications, the number of responses and covariates are both large, and a goal is to select covariates that are related to the response. For this setting, we propose a novel, scalable algorithm, coined VGPR, which optimizes a penalized GP log-likelihood based on the Vecchia GP approximation, an ordered conditional approximation from spatial statistics that implies a sparse Cholesky factor of the precision matrix. We traverse the regularization path from strong to weak penalization, sequentially adding candidate covariates based on the gradient of the log-likelihood and deselecting irrelevant covariates via a new quadratic constrained coordinate descent algorithm. We propose Vecchia-based mini-batch subsampling, which provides unbiased gradient estimators. The resulting procedure is scalable to millions of responses and thousands of covariates. Theoretical analysis and numerical studies demonstrate the improved scalability and accuracy relative to existing methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Laser polishing (LP) provides a fast and efficient way of remelting part surfaces manufactured by additive manufacturing to alter both their geometric as well as physical properties. Depending on the laser parameters, remelted surfaces with different properties are achieved, with a majority exhibiting lower surface roughness compared to the original surface. In this study, a high-power continuous fiber laser is used to polish Inconel 718 (IN718) surfaces produced by depositing a single layer of clads on a steel substrate by the powder-blown directed energy deposition (DED) process. Polishing was performed under different sets of parameters, namely, laser power, beam diameter, feed rate or feed, hatch spacing, and the number of polishing passes. Their effects on the surface roughness profiles and the microstructural properties of the sample cross section were analyzed after one and two polishing passes. Optical microscopic images of the sample's cross sections show the presence of supersaturated γ γ' + γ" phase particles, precipitates, Laves phases, and δ phase needles. The combined effect of high-temperature gradients and lower solidification rates in certain regions within the cross section results in undercooled regions and pseudo-heat treatment of unmelted regions close to the undercooled regions. These results are corroborated by indenting the various regions of the IN718 sample cross section with a pyramidal diamond indenter in the form of a grid, resulting in different micro-hardness values due to different densities of precipitate and phase transformed particles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sodium carbonate evaporites can provide important paleoclimatic constraints and economic resources but are relatively rare; most known examples are limited to the Cenozoic. The first known late Paleozoic occurrence was recently reported from the Fengcheng Formation in the northwestern Junggar Basin, NW China. However, its mineralogy, age, and geologic setting have been sparsely documented. To help establish a broader understanding of the formation of these important deposits, this paper presents a comprehensive new data set that includes drill core, well logs, petrographic analyses, X-ray diffraction data, organic geochemistry (biomarkers), and U-Pb zircon age data. Evaporite deposition is estimated to have occurred between ca. 305 Ma and 296 Ma in a series of extensional grabens that hosted a stratified, hypersaline lake (or lakes). The lake deposits are closely associated with coeval volcanic rocks, suggesting that subsurface interaction of these with CO2-enriched hydrothermal fluids may have contributed to the excess alkalinity required to precipitate Na-carbonate. Trona (NaHCO3 · Na2CO3 · 2H2O) in the Fengcheng Formation was likely formed syndepositionally and then partly replaced by wegscheiderite (Na2CO3 · 3NaHCO3). Other evaporite minerals most likely formed during diagenesis. The Fengcheng Formation also contains nahcolite (NaHCO3), which requires pCO2 >680 ppm to form, although no textural evidence was found to demonstrate a primary origin. The presence of extensive lacustrine evaporites nonetheless reflects a relatively warm and arid climate at ~40-50°N that apparently coincided with the late Paleozoic icehouse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purposes of this review are to summarize the historical progress in the last 60 years of lightweight metal forming, to analyze the state-of-the-art, and to identify future directions in the context of Cyber-physically enabled circular economy. In honoring the 100th anniversary of the establishment of the Manufacturing Engineering Division of ASME, this review paper first provides the impact of the metal forming sector on the economy and historical perspectives of metal forming research work published by the ASME Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering, followed by the motivations and trends in lightweighting. To achieve lightweighting, one needs to systematically consider: (1) materials and material characterization; (2) innovative forming processes; and (3) simulation tools for integrated part design and process design. A new approach for process innovation, i.e., the Performance-Constraints-Mechanism-Innovation (PCMI) framework, is proposed to systematically seek new processes. Finally, trends and challenges for the further development in circular economy are presented for future exploration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite a lack of mutations, accumulating evidence supports an important role for the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in ovarian tumorigenesis. However, the molecular mechanism that contributes to the aberrant activation of the Wnt signaling cascade in ovarian cancer has not been fully elucidated. Here, we found that protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type R (PTPRR) suppressed the activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in ovarian cancer. We performed an shRNA-based biochemical screen, which identified PTPRR as being responsible for tyrosine dephosphorylation of β-catenin on Tyr-142, a key site controlling the transcriptional activity of β-catenin. Of note, PTPRR was down-regulated in ovarian cancers, and ectopic PTPRR re-expression delayed ovarian cancer cell growth both in vitro and in vivo. Using a proximity-based tagging system and RNA-Seq analysis, we identified a signaling nexus that includes PTPRR, -catenin, β-catenin, E-cadherin, and AT-rich interaction domain 3C (ARID3C) in ovarian cancer. Immunohistochemistry staining of human samples further suggested that PTPRR expression is inversely correlated with disease prognosis. Collectively, our findings indicate that PTPRR functions as a tumor suppressor in ovarian cancer by dephosphorylating and inactivating β-catenin. These results suggest that PTPRR expression might have utility as a prognostic marker for predicting overall survival. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fractal image compression coding algorithm is a novel image compression technology; however, the long encoding time and unacceptable image reconstruction quality remain the primary obstacles in practical application. The purpose of this study is to improve the coding quality from the perspective of grey level transform and feature extraction. In this study, a novel orthogonal sparse fractal coding algorithm based on image texture feature is proposed. The authors define a normalised version as the new grey description feature of the image block so that two improved methods are scientifically combined in theory and algorithm. First, orthogonal sparse grey level transform based on sparse decomposition improves image reconstruction quality and decoding speed. Then, the similarity measure matrix, which stores the variance feature between range blocks and domain blocks, is used to reduce redundancies and encoding time. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm in this study can obtain better image reconstruction quality and speed up encoding time significantly as compared to the conventional fractal coding schemes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we demonstrated the encapsulation of ZnS:Mn2+ nanowires (NWs) and ZnO quantum dots (QDs) with a layer of mesoporous SiO2 shell for the purpose of integrating dual emission property into one common nanostructure. The average diameter of ZnS:Mn2+ NWs, ZnO QDs, and ZnS:Mn2+/ZnO@SiO2 heterostructure was about 10 nm, 6 nm, and 22 nm, respectively. Within ZnS:Mn2+/ZnO@SiO2 nanocomposites, the intensity of the yellow-orange emission contributed by ZnS:Mn2+ NWs and the UV emission contributed by ZnO QDs was three and ten times higher than their individual components, respectively. The fluorescence intensity ratio of the dual emission can be tuned by adjusting the hydrolysis time of tetraethyl orthosilicate. The peak energy of the yellow-orange and UV emission showed blueshift and redshift as increasing the temperature, respectively. The anomalous enhancement of the integrated intensity for the UV emission with the temperature indicated that the high surface state density existing in ZnO QDs can overrun the influence of temperature quenching and even alter the photoluminescent properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To study the role of heart and neural crest derivatives expressed 1 (HAND1) and cystathionine-beta-synthase (CBS) in the maintenance of cardiac architecture following high fat dietinduced obesity. Methods: Mouse models of initial and critical heart disease were established by continuous feeding of high fat diet for 7 and 12 months, respectively. The expression of HAND1 and CBS were assayed using immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. Results: Obesity led to mild and severe forms of heart disease which were confirmed through histological imaging. Initial obesity resulted in cardiac tissue remodeling along with initial degeneration, while critical obesity resulted in tissue hardening. The expression of HAND1 was upregulated 4.3 folds in the mild form of cardiac failure, relative to marginal expression pattern of HAND1 in control tissue. However, as the disease progressed, the expression of HAND1 was limited in serve form of cardiac failure. Moreover, the expression of cystathionine beta-synthase (CBS) was upregulated 3.7-fold in the initial form of heart failure, but was subsequently reduced in serve form of heart disease. Conclusion: These results reveal that in high fat diet-induced cardiac stress, the over-expressions of HAND1 and CBS at the initial stages induce extensive alterations in cardiac architecture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Autophagy, an innate cellular destructive mechanism, plays crucial roles in plant development and responses to stress. Autophagy is known to be stimulated or suppressed by multiple molecular processes, but the role of phytohormone signaling in autophagy is unclear. Here, we demonstrate that the transcripts of autophagy-related genes (ATGs) and the formation of autophagosomes are triggered by enhanced levels of brassinosteroid (BR). Furthermore, the BR-activated transcription factor brassinazole-resistant1 (BZR1), a positive regulator of the BR signaling pathway, is involved in BR-induced autophagy. Treatment with BR enhanced the formation of autophagosomes and the transcripts of ATGs in BZR1-overexpressing plants, while the effects of BR were compromised in BZR1-silenced plants. Yeast one-hybrid analysis and chromatin immunoprecipitation coupled with quantitative polymerase chain reaction revealed that BZR1 bound to the promoters of ATG2 and ATG6. The BR-induced formation of autophagosomes decreased in ATG2- and ATG6-silenced plants. Moreover, exogenous application of BR enhanced chlorophyll content and autophagosome formation and decreased the accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins under nitrogen starvation. Leaf chlorosis and chlorophyll degradation were exacerbated in BZR1-silenced plants and the BR biosynthetic mutant dim but were alleviated in BZR1- and BZR1-1D-overexpressing plants under nitrogen starvation. Meanwhile, nitrogen starvation-induced expression of ATGs and autophagosome formation were compromised in both BZR1-silenced and dim plants but were increased in BZR1- and BZR1-1D-overexpressing plants. Taken together, our results suggest that BZR1-dependent BR signaling up-regulates the expression of ATGs and autophagosome formation, which plays a critical role in the plant response to nitrogen starvation in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Earth System Model version 3 (NESM v3) has been developed, aiming to provide a numerical modeling platform for cross-disciplinary earth system studies, project future Earth's climate and environment changes, as well conduct subseasonal-to-seasonal prediction. While the previous model version NESM v1 simulates well the internal modes of climate variability, it has no vegetation dynamics and suffers considerable radiative energy imbalance at the top of the atmosphere and surface, resulting in large biases in the global mean surface air temperature, which limit its utility to simulate past and project future climate changes. The NESM v3 upgraded the atmospheric and land surface model components and improved physical parameterization and conservation of coupling variables. Here we describe the new version's basic features and how the major improvements were made. We demonstrate the v3 model's fidelity and suitability to address the global climate variability and change issues. The 500-year PI experiment shows negligible trends in the net heat flux at the top of atmosphere and the Earth surface. Consistently, the simulated global mean surface air temperature, land surface temperature and sea surface temperature (SST) are all in a quasi-equilibrium state. The conservation of global water is demonstrated by the stable evolution of the global mean precipitation, sea surface salinity (SSS) and sea water salinity. The sea ice extents (SIEs), as a major indication of high latitude climate, also maintain a balanced state. The simulated spatial patterns of the mean outgoing longwave radiation, SST, precipitation, SSS fields are realistic, but the model suffers from a cold bias in the North Atlantic, a warm bias in the Southern Ocean and associated deficient Antarctic sea ice area, as well as a delicate sign of the double ITCZ syndrome. The estimate radiative forcing of quadrupling carbon dioxide is about 7.24 W m-2, yielding a climate sensitivity feedback parameter of -0.98 W m-2 K-1, and the equilibrium climate sensitivity is 3.69 K. The transient climate response from the 1 pct/year increasing CO2 experiment is 2.16 K. The model's performance on internal modes and responses to external forcing during the historical period will be documented in an accompanying paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Protein Jumonji (JARID2), a member of the family of JmjC domain-containing proteins, has been reported to serve an important role in tumor growth and metastasis. However, the expression pattern and role of JARID2 in ovarian cancer remains unclear. Therefore, in the present study, the role of JARID2 in ovarian cancer was investigated, as well as the underlying mechanisms. The results of the present study demonstrated that the expression of JARID2 is upregulated in human ovarian cancer cell lines. Furthermore, downregulation of JARID2 significantly suppressed proliferation, migration, invasion and epithelial‑mesenchymal transition in human ovarian cancer cells. Mechanistically, downregulation of JARID2 decreased the protein expression levels of phosphorylated phosphoinositide 3‑kinase (PI3K) and protein kinase B (Akt) in ovarian cancer cells. In conclusion the observations suggested that knockdown of JARID2 inhibited proliferation, migration and invasion in vitro through the inactivation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Therefore, JARID2 may represent a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of ovarian cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We have previously reported that epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (EET) has multiple beneficial effects on vascular function; in addition to its antiapoptotic action, it increases insulin sensitivity and inhibits inflammation. To uncover the signaling mechanisms by which EET reduces cardiomyopathy, we hypothesized that EET infusion might ameliorate obesity-induced cardiomyopathy by improving heme oxygenase (HO)-1, Wnt1, thermogenic gene levels, and mitochondrial integrity in cardiac tissues and improved pericardial fat phenotype. EET reduced levels of fasting blood glucose and proinflammatory adipokines, including nephroblastoma overexpressed (NOV) signaling, while increasing echocardiographic fractional shortening and O2 consumption. Of interest, we also noted a marked improvement in mitochondrial integrity, thermogenic genes, and Wnt 1 and HO-1 signaling mechanisms. Knockout of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) in EETtreated mice resulted in a reversal of these beneficial effects including a decrease in myocardial Wnt1 and HO-1 expression and an increase in NOV. To further elucidate the effects of EET on pericardial adipose tissues, we observed EET treatment increases in adiponectin, PGC-1α, phospho-AMP-activated protein kinase, insulin receptor phosphorylation, and thermogenic genes, resulting in a "browning" pericardial adipose phenotype under high-fat diets. Collectively, these experiments demonstrate that an EET agonist increased Wnt1 and HO-1 signaling while decreasing NOV pathways and the progression of cardiomyopathy. Furthermore, this report presents a portal into potential therapeutic approaches for the treatment of heart failure and metabolic syndrome. NEW & NOTEWORTHY The mechanism by which EET acts on obesity-induced cardiomyopathy is unknown. Here, we describe a previously unrecognized function of EET infusion that inhibits nephroblastoma overexpressed (NOV) levels and activates Wnt1, hence identifying NOV inhibition and enhanced Wnt1 expression as novel pharmacological targets for the prevention and treatment of cardiomyopathy and heart failure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We have previously reported that epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (EET) has multiple beneficial effects on vascular function; in addition to its antiapoptotic action, it increases insulin sensitivity and inhibits inflammation. To uncover the signaling mechanisms by which EET reduces cardiomyopathy, we hypothesized that EET infusion might ameliorate obesity-induced cardiomyopathy by improving heme oxygenase (HO)-1, Wnt1, thermogenic gene levels, and mitochondrial integrity in cardiac tissues and improved pericardial fat phenotype. EET reduced levels of fasting blood glucose and proinflammatory adipokines, including nephroblastoma overexpressed (NOV) signaling, while increasing echocardiographic fractional shortening and O2 consumption. Of interest, we also noted a marked improvement in mitochondrial integrity, thermogenic genes, and Wnt 1 and HO-1 signaling mechanisms. Knockout of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) in EETtreated mice resulted in a reversal of these beneficial effects including a decrease in myocardial Wnt1 and HO-1 expression and an increase in NOV. To further elucidate the effects of EET on pericardial adipose tissues, we observed EET treatment increases in adiponectin, PGC-1α, phospho-AMP-activated protein kinase, insulin receptor phosphorylation, and thermogenic genes, resulting in a "browning" pericardial adipose phenotype under high-fat diets. Collectively, these experiments demonstrate that an EET agonist increased Wnt1 and HO-1 signaling while decreasing NOV pathways and the progression of cardiomyopathy. Furthermore, this report presents a portal into potential therapeutic approaches for the treatment of heart failure and metabolic syndrome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By means of finite differences and partial fraction decomposition, we establish two binomial transformations, that extend, with four free parameters, the recent results due to Prodinger (2010) and Dahlberg-Ferdinands-Tefera (2010). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the paper, the authors find two sharp and double inequalities for bounding the second Seiffert mean either by a one-parameter family of means derived from the centroidal mean or by a convex combination of the arithmetic and contra-harmonic means. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most mineralized porphyries associated with large to giant oxidized porphyry Cu deposits show an affinity with high Sr/Y rocks, while barren or weakly mineralized granitoids show typical low Sr/Y features. The Aktogai giant porphyry Cu deposit occurs in the Koldar pluton and provides a good natural laboratory in which to investigate this relationship, while determining the petrogenesis of the pluton and its mineralization. Zircon U-Pb dating, mineral chemistry, whole rock geochemistry and Sr-Nd-Pb and zircon Hf-O isotopic analyses were carried out on the pre-ore granodiorite (the major component of the Koldar pluton) and on the mineralized granodiorite porphyry. Zircon U-Pb ages indicate that the pre-ore granodiorite and mineralized granodiorite porphyries were emplaced at 345 and 328 to 331 Ma, respectively. Distinctly higher apatite SO3 contents in the granodiorite porphyry relative to the granodiorite suggest an increase in fO2 during the petrogenesis of the mineralized porphyries (>NNO+1). Although all rocks share similar geochemical characteristics (calc-alkaline, strong depletion in Nb, Ta and Ti, and enrichment in LREE and LILE), the pre-ore Koldar pluton has normal arc related magmatic features [low Sr/Y and (La/Yb)N, high Y and YbN], while the granodiorite porphyries and diorite (trace component of Koldar pluton) exhibit high Sr/Y and (La/Yb) N, low Y and YbN features. All samples show similar Sr-Nd-Pb-Hf-O isotopic compositions [(87 Sr/86 Sr)i = 0.70369 to 0.70413, εNd (t) = 3.6 to + 5.6, (206 Pb/204 Pb)i = 18.16 to 19.32, zircon εHf (t) = + 11.8 to + 15.9, and δ18O = + 3.8 to + 5.9‰], and very young whole rock T2DM (Nd) (640 - 680 Ma) and zircon TDM C (Hf) (320 - 590 Ma) values, suggesting that they were probably derived from partial melting of juvenile lower crust. Geochemical patterns and partial melt modeling indicate that the high Sr/Y rocks were probably formed by partial melting of eclogitized, thickened lower crust, while the Koldar pluton formed by partial melting of normal thick lower crust. We propose that pre-ore low Sr/Y rocks were probably generated earlier via subduction of Junggar-Balkhash oceanic crust, and that the high Sr/Y rocks were formed later by partial melting of sulfide-enriched, thickened juvenile lower crust. High oxygen fugacity and the high melting temperature of the high Sr/Y rocks ensured that all sulfide was dissolved in the magma, which intruded the previously emplaced low Sr/Y pluton and resulted in significant mineralization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cyber Physical Social Sensing makes mobile social networks (MSNs) popular with users. However, such attacks are rampant as malicious URLs are spread covertly through quick response (QR) codes to control compromised accounts in MSNs to propagate malicious messages. Currently, there are generally two types of methods to identify compromised accounts in MSNs: one type is to analyze the potential threats on wireless access points and the potential threats on handheld devices’ operation systems so as to stop compromised accounts from spreading malicious messages; the other type is to apply the method of detecting compromised accounts in online social networks to MSNs. The above types of methods above focus neither on the problems of MSNs themselves nor on the interaction of sensors’ messages, which leads to the restrictiveness of platforms and the simplification of methods. In order to stop the spreading of compromised accounts in MSNs effectively, the attacks have to be traced to their sources first. Through sensors, users exchange information in MSNs and acquire information by scanning QR codes. Therefore, analyzing the traces of sensor-related information helps to identify the compromised accounts in MSNs. This paper analyzes the diversity of information sending modes of compromised accounts and normal accounts, analyzes the regularity of GPS (Global Positioning System)-based location information, and introduces the concepts of entropy and conditional entropy so as to construct an entropy-based model based on machine learning strategies. To achieve the goal, about 500,000 accounts of Sina Weibo and about 100 million corresponding messages are collected. Through the validation, the accuracy rate of the model is proved to be as high as 87.6%, and the false positive rate is only 3.7%. Meanwhile, the comparative experiments of the feature sets prove that sensor-based location information can be applied to detect the compromised accounts in MSNs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tissue oxygenation is a driving parameter of the tumor microenvironment, and hypoxia can be a prognostic indicator of aggressiveness, metastasis, and poor response to therapy. Here, we report a chemiluminescence imaging (CLI) agent based on the oxygen-dependent reduction of a nitroaromatic spiroadamantane 1,2-dioxetane scaffold. Hypoxia ChemiLuminescent Probe 2 (HyCL-2) responds to nitroreductase with ~170-fold increase in luminescence intensity and high selectivity for enzymatic reductase versus other small molecule reductants. HyCL-2 can image exogenous nitroreductase in vitro and in vivo in living mice, and total luminescent intensity is increased by ~5-fold under low oxygen conditions. HyCL-2 is demonstrated to report on tumor oxygenation during an oxygen challenge in H1299 lung tumor xenografts grown in a murine model as independently confirmed using multispectral optoacoustic tomography (MSOT) imaging of hemoglobin oxygenation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The aim was to explore effects of soil moisture on dry matter accumulation and distribution and growth of kai-lan. [Method] In the context of the same irrigation frequency, the influence of irrigation maximum was researched on growth rate, net assimilation rate, and dry matter distribution of kai-lan. [Result] The results showed that regulation on soil moisture extremely significantly affected accumulation of photosynthate. When soil moisture was insufficient, the growth term from seedling to mature extended and growth rate declined sharply. Besides, the growth term was of extremely significant negative correlation with growth rate. Meanwhile, leaf assimilation rate decreased considerably. For example, when soil moisture was 65%, distribution of dry matter in plant organs tended to be rational. [Conclusion] Deficit irrigation would significantly lower growth rate, and improve dry matter distribution in organs and economic yield and quality of kai-lan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] This study was conducted to investigate the effect of soil moisture on the growth and water utilization of Chinese kale. [Method] The law of water absorption and utilization of Chinese kale was researched under the same irrigation frequency and different irrigation maximums. [Result] Soil water deficit reduced water contents in plants in seedling stage and in plants and various organs in maturation stage; water consumption of individual plant was the lowest in 55% treatment of soil A and 45% treatment of soil B, which showed the values of 2.244 and 2.235 L/plant, respectively, and saved water by 23.91% and 21.14% compared with CK; water use efficiencies of soil A with a water content of 55% and soil B with a water content of 35% were the highest, i.e., 6.043 and 5.958 g/L, which were higher than that of CK by 20.09% and 41.72%, respectively; and regulated deficit irrigation also improved irrigation water productivity, and the two kinds of soil both showed in 75% treatments the highest irrigation water productivities, i.e., 40.44 and 40.49 g/L, which were higher than that of CK by 5.64% and 13.39%, respectively. [Conclusion] Controlling irrigation maximum could save water consumed by Chinese kale, improve water use efficiency and improve yield and quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) metastasis may result from epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and mesenchymal stem cells that contribute to the development of the primary tumor. In this study, it was demonstrated that microRNA-21 (miR-21) acts as an oncogenic driver of ccRCC. ccRCC spheres were isolated and it was shown that they exhibited cancer stem cell-like properties, including the formation of self-renewing spheres. Spheres showed increased expression of stem cell-related transcription factors and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers. In addition, secondary sphere formation capacity was assessed after miR-21 transfection. miR-21 accelerated the formation of ccRCC spheres, which shared molecular characteristics with the spontaneous ccRCC spheres. It was demonstrated that miR-21 overexpression facilitates ccRCC sphere formation. Thus, a single miRNA may have an impact on the formation of highly tumorigenic cancer spheres in kidney cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reliable joining of ZrO2 ceramic to TiAl alloy is crucial for the success of the engine industrial application. However, there have been few systematic investigations on joining of ZrO2 ceramic and TiAl alloy. In this study, reliable brazing of ZrO2 ceramic and TiAl alloy was achieved using inactive AgCu filler metal. The interfacial microstructure of the joints was characterized by SEM, XRD and TEM. Effects of holding time on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the joints were investigated in details. The results revealed that Cu3Ti3O + TiO layers were formed adjacent to ZrO2 ceramic while AlCu2Ti layer was formed at TiAl substrate. The thickness of Cu3Ti3O + TiO layers increased and the granular AlCu2Ti coarsened gradually with the prolongation of holding time. The hardness and Young's modulus of reaction phases were characterized by nano-indentation to reveal the plastic deformability. The highest shear strength of 48.4 MPa was achieved when brazed at 880 °C for 10 min. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Different application rates of controlled release nitrogen fertilizer (CRFN) were designed to evaluate their effects on the growth and root morphology of bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.) seedlings, and thus determine the optimal nitrogen amount and suitable nitrogen content in substrate at seedling transplanting, in comparison with conventional fertilizer application. CRFN was applied at five levels，0, 0.6, 1.2, 2.4 and 4.8 kg N/m3, and conventional fertilizer was applied at 0.6 kg N/m3 as control. Four replicates were included in each treatment. The results showed that 0.6-2.4 kg N/m3 CRFN provided sufficient N nutrient for bitter gourd, with higher shoot and root dry weights，root length and root surface area than control treatments. Correspondingly, the total inorganic nitrogen in substrate ranged from 99.3 to 162.5 mg/pot at seedling transplanting in these treatments. 1.2 kg N/m3 was proven to be the optimal CRFN rate. Compared with conventional nitrogen fertilizer application, 1.2 kg N/m3 CRFN in substrate increased the dry weight, nitrogen uptake and improved root morphology indices of seedlings, and more than 83.3 mg/pot inorganic nitrogen could be carried with substrate at transplanting, revealing a potential to reduce N-deficient risk after rain and basal N input by continuous release of CRFN. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Females can differentially deposit the immune factor lysozyme into eggs based on conditions of local breeding density and laying order. Materials: We collected 80 eggs from Great Cormorants (Phalacrocorax carbo) and then analyzed whether the level of lysozymes in the eggs is related to breeding density and laying order. Results: Between clutches, the level of lysozyme in eggs is positively related to breeding density; while within a clutch, the level of lysozyme is positively related to the laying order. Conclusion: When parents breed under conditions of high density, they allocate more lysozymes to their offspring, a trait adaptive to the local environment. That the increase in the level of lysozymes is a function of the laying order seems a necessary condition to mitigate the hierarchy among siblings for improving the survival of the entire clutch. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background aims. The purpose of the study was to investigate the feasibility of in vitro and in vivo bioluminescence imaging (BLI), fluorescence imaging (FI) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to trace transplanted bone mesenchymal stromal cells (BMSCs) labeled with the firefly luciferase (Flue) reporter gene, Cyl dyes and ultra-small super-paramagnetic iron oxide (USPIO) particles. Methods. Fluc-transfected BMSCs were further labeled with Cyl dyes and USPIO particles, respectively. Acute myocardial infarction models of different weighted Sprague-Dawley rats and Balb/c mice were established, and BLI and FI were performed in vivo and ex vivo to determine the optimal method of optical imaging. Finally, BLI and MRI were selected to trace transplanted BMSCs in a murine model in vivo. Results. BLI was found to be the optimal optical imaging method in vivo, compared with FI, and mice were found to be the optimal animal model, compared with rats. A significant BLI signal intensity was detected in the heart region in the BMSC-treated mice group (40,552 ± 6073 counts, n = 26) and gradually decreased below the detection threshold. Two distinct hypo-intense regions were observed in the anterior wall of the heart, where stem cells were injected on MR images obtained with the gradient recalled echo cine sequence in the BMSC-treated mice group. Conclusions. Transplanted BMSCs labeled with Flue reporter gene and USPIO particles can be traced with the use of BLI and MRI in a mouse model of acute myocardial infarction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This documentation presents the parametric identification modeling of ship maneuvering motion with integral sample structure for identification (ISSI) and Euler sample structure for identification (ESSI) based on least square support vector machines (LS-SVM), where ISSI is used for the construction of in–out sample pairs. By using Mariner Class Vessel , the sample dataset are obtained from 15°/15° zigzag maneuvering simulation based on Abkowitz model. By analyzing the simulation data including rudder angle, surge velocity, sway velocity, yaw rate and so forth, the hydrodynamic derivatives in Abkowitz model are all identified. The validation of the proposed identification algorithm is verified by the high precisions of the identified hydrodynamic derivatives and maneuvering prediction results. The comparison is also conducted between the proposed ISSI and the conventional Euler sample structure for identification (ESSI), and the experimental results shows that ISSI is much more appropriate for parametric identification modeling of ship maneuvering motion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A number of microRNAs (miRs) have been shown to participate in the regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation, a key step in the formation of atherosclerotic plaque, by targeting certain genes. The aim of the present study was to investigate the roles of miR-146a and miR-21 in VSMC growth and to study the underlying mechanisms. The expression levels of four previously reported, differentially expressed microRNAs in atherosclerotic plaque (miR-146a/b, miR-21, miR-34a and miR-210) were measured in two groups: An atherosclerotic plaque group (n=10) and a normal control group (n=10). Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis revealed that the relative expression levels of miR-146a and miR-21 in atherosclerotic plaque samples were significantly upregulated to ~260 and 250%, respectively, compared with those in normal controls. Notch2 and Jag1 were confirmed to be target genes of miR-146a and miR-21 through the use of a luciferase assay, PCR and western blot analysis. Additionally, VSMCs transfected with miR-146a expressed significantly lower levels of Notch2 protein and presented an accelerated cell proliferation, which could be attributed to a reduction in the levels of cell cycle arrest. Cotransfection of miR-146a and miR-21 further promoted cell cycle progression in addition to VSMC proliferation. In conclusion, the present study revealed that miR-146a and miR-21 were significantly upregulated in atherosclerotic plaque, and cooperated to accelerate VSMC growth and cell cycle progression by targeting Notch2 and Jag1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mechanisms for electroacupuncture (EA) in disease treatments are still enigmatic. Here, we studied whether hippocampus was involved in the protection of EA stimulation on myocardial ischemia injury. Acute myocardial ischemia (AMI) model was produced. EA stimulation at heart meridian from Shenmen (HT7) to Tongli (HT5) was applied to rats 3 times a day for continuous three days. Coronary occlusion related tachycardia and hypotension, indicated by heart rate, mean arterial pressure, and rate pressure product, were apparently impaired after AMI injury. By contrast, EA stimulating could ameliorate the impairments of heart function (P < 0.05). Interestingly, lesion of CA1 region of hippocampus abolished the protection of EA. Neuronal activity in CA1 area was affected by AMI. As evidenced, cell counts, cell types, and frequency of the discharged neurons were facilitated after AMI, while EA stimulation attenuated the abnormalities. Furthermore, c-Fos expression was significantly facilitated in CA1 area after AMI, which was reduced by EA stimulation. Correlations were established between c-Fos expression and cell counts of discharged neurons, as well as between heart function and cell counts of discharged neurons. Taken together, EA stimulation at heart meridian protects against heart dysfunction induced by AMI possibly through suppressing the neuronal activity in CA1 region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High-quality Zn1-xCdxS, coaxial Zn0.99-xCdxCu0.01S/ZnS and Zn0.99-xCdxMn0.01S nanorods (NRs) were synthesized through a one-step hydrothermal method. The composition of the alloyed NRs was adjusted by controlling the Zn/Cd molar ratios. The results showed that all of the samples had a good crystallinity with the typical hexagonal wurtzite structure. The Zn/Cd molar ratios and Cu and Mn doping played an important role in affecting the final structure, morphology and optical properties of the alloyed NRs. The successive shift of the XRD and PL patterns indicated that the NRs obtained were not a mixture of ZnS and CdS, but the Zn1-xCdxS solid solution. After doping Cu2+ (1%) ions into the Zn1-xCdxS NRs, the samples exhibited highly crystalline coaxial Zn0.99-xCdxCu0.01S/ZnS core-shell NRs and showed a strong green emission peak centered at 509.6 nm. After doping Mn2+ (1%) ions into the Zn1-xCdxS NRs, the samples exhibited a better crystal quality and showed a strong yellow-orange emission peak centered at 583 nm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Welding and joining of titanium aluminides is the key to making them more attractive in industrial fields. The purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of recent progress in welding and joining of titanium aluminides, as well as to introduce current research and application. The possible methods available for titanium aluminides involve brazing, diffusion bonding, fusion welding, friction welding and reactive joining. Of the numerous methods, solid-state diffusion bonding and vacuum brazing have been most heavily investigated for producing reliable joints. The current state of understanding and development of every welding and joining method for titanium aluminides is addressed respectively. The focus is on the fundamental understanding of microstructure characteristics and processing-microstructure-property relationships in the welding and joining of titanium aluminides to themselves and to other materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The JmjC domain-containing H3K4 histone demethylase jumonji AT-rich interactive domain 1B (JARID1B) (also known as KDM5B and PLU1) is overexpressed in breast cancer and is a potential target for breast cancer treatment. To investigate the in vivo function of JARID1B, we developed Jarid1b-/- mice and characterized their phenotypes in detail. Unlike previously reported Jarid1b-/- strains, the majority of these Jarid1b-/- mice were viable beyond embryonic and neonatal stages. This allowed us to further examine phenotypes associated with the loss of JARID1B in pubertal development and pregnancy. These Jarid1b-/- mice exhibited decreased body weight, premature mortality, decreased female fertility, and delayed mammary gland development. Related to these phenotypes, JARID1B loss decreased serum estrogen level and reduced mammary epithelial cell proliferation in early puberty. In mammary epithelial cells, JARID1B loss diminished the expression of key regulators for mammary morphogenesis and luminal lineage specification, including FOXA1 and estrogen receptor α. Mechanistically, JARID1B was required for GATA3 recruitment to the Foxa1 promoter to activate Foxa1 expression. These results indicate that JARID1B positively regulates mammary ductal development through both extrinsic and cell-autonomous mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Insulin-producing cells (IPCs) in the Drosophila brain produce and release insulin-like peptides (ILPs) to the hemolymph. ILPs are crucial for growth and regulation of metabolic activity in flies, functions analogous to those of mammalian insulin and insulin-like growth factors (IGFs). To identify components functioning in IPCs to control ILP production, we employed genomic and candidate gene approaches. We used laser microdissection and messenger RNA sequencing to characterize the transcriptome of larval IPCs. IPCs highly express many genes homologous to genes active in insulin-producing β-cells of the mammalian pancreas. The genes in common encode ILPs and proteins that control insulin metabolism, storage, secretion, β-cell proliferation, and some not previously linked to insulin production or β-cell function. Among these novelties is unc-104, a kinesin 3 family gene, which is more highly expressed in IPCs compared to most other neurons. Knockdown of unc-104 in IPCs impaired ILP secretion and reduced peripheral insulin signaling. Unc-104 appears to transport ILPs along axons. As a complementary approach, we tested dominant-negative Rab genes to find Rab proteins required in IPCs for ILP production or secretion. Rab1 was identified as crucial for ILP trafficking in IPCs. Inhibition of Rab1 in IPCs increased circulating sugar levels, delayed development, and lowered weight and body size. Immunofluorescence labeling of Rab1 showed its tight association with ILP2 in the Golgi of IPCs. Unc-104 and Rab1 join other proteins required for ILP transport in IPCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the decrease in dimension of ion traps employed in optical frequency standards and precision spectroscopy, the sensitivity of trapping behavior to trap geometry is more and more prominent. We present a guide for the design and construction of a miniature trap for a single ion confinement, and propose an optimized combination of rring/rendcap ≈ 0.5 and z0 ≈ r0 within the range of r0 = 0.7 ± 0.2 mm. Compared with the trap used by Huang et al. [Phys. Rev. A 84 (2011) 053841], the design can lead to an increase in trap pseudo-potential of more than 20% and a reduction on potential anharmonicity of more than 90%. The improvements make the trap closer to an ideal hyperboloidal trap to confine a single ion tightly with the benefit of weaker micro-motion. Considering the imperfection of electrodes machining and traps alignment, we also demonstrate the importance of trap symmetry, especially on two endcap electrodes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An unexpected hydroxyphosphinylation of 3-cyclopropylideneprop-2-en-1-ones with phosphines has been observed. This method provides a unique regio- and stereoselective synthesis of highly functionalized 1-dialkylphinyl-3-oxo-(1Z)-alkenyl cyclopropanols with important potentials. The reaction displays an unusual mechanistic feature--a highly selective cleavage of C--P σ bonds in phosphines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

JARID1B (also known as KDM5B or PLU1) is a member of the JARID1 family of histone lysine demethylases responsible for the demethylation of trimethylated lysine 27 in histone H3 (H3K4me3), a mark for actively transcribed genes. JARID1B is overexpressed in several cancers, including breast cancer, prostate cancer, and lung cancer. In addition, JARID1B is required for mammary tumor formation in syngeneic or xenograft mouse models. JARID1B-expressing melanoma cells are associated with increased self-renewal character. Therefore, JARID1B represents an attractive target for cancer therapy. Here we characterized JARID1B using a homogeneous luminescence-based demethylase assay. We then conducted a high throughput screen of over 15,000 small molecules to identify inhibitors of JARID1B. From this screen, we identified several known JmjC histone demethylase inhibitors, including 2,4-pyridinedicarboxylic acid and catechols. More importantly, we identified several novel inhibitors, including 2-4(4-methylphenyl)-1,2-benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one (PBIT), which inhibits JARID1B with an IC50 of about 3 μM in vitro. Consistent with this, PBIT treatment inhibited removal of H3K4me3 by JARID1B in cells. Furthermore, this compound inhibited proliferation of cells expressing higher levels of JARID1B. These results suggest that this novel small molecule inhibitor is a lead compound that can be further optimized for cancer therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

CuCl-catalyzed cyclization-dimerization reactions of 3-cyclopropylideneprop-2-en-1-ones provide an interesting route to benzofuran-7(3aH)-one derivatives with one highly strained three-membered ring and one four-membered ring via intramolecular cycloisomerization, sequential bimolecular [4 + 2] cycloaddition, opening of the oxa-bridge, and ring contraction. Furthermore, the reaction was monitored by NMR experiments to unveil some key intermediates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]