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1. Recurrent emergence of SARS-CoV-2 spike deletion H69/V70 and its role in the Alpha variant B.1.1.7

Author

Meng, Bo, Kemp, Steven A, Papa, Guido, Datir, Rawlings, Ferreira, Isabella ATM, Marelli, Sara, Harvey, William T, Lytras, Spyros, Mohamed, Ahmed, Gallo, Giulia, Thakur, Nazia, Collier, Dami A, Mlcochova, Petra, Consortium, The COVID-19 Genomics UK, Robson, Samuel C, Loman, Nicholas J, Connor, Thomas R, Golubchik, Tanya, Nunez, Rocio T Martinez, Ludden, Catherine, Corden, Sally, Johnston, Ian, Bonsall, David, Smith, Colin P, Awan, Ali R, Bucca, Giselda, Torok, M Estee, Saeed, Kordo, Prieto, Jacqui A, Jackson, David K, Hamilton, William L, Snell, Luke B, Moore, Catherine, Harrison, Ewan M, Goncalves, Sonia, Fairley, Derek J, Loose, Matthew W, Watkins, Joanne, Livett, Rich, Moses, Samuel, Amato, Roberto, Nicholls, Sam, Bull, Matthew, Smith, Darren L, Barrett, Jeff, Aanensen, David M, Curran, Martin D, Parmar, Surendra, Aggarwal, Dinesh, Shepherd, James G, Parker, Matthew D, Glaysher, Sharon, Bashton, Matthew, Underwood, Anthony P, Pacchiarini, Nicole, Loveson, Katie F, Templeton, Kate E, Langford, Cordelia F, Sillitoe, John, de Silva, Thushan I, Wang, Dennis, Kwiatkowski, Dominic, Rambaut, Andrew, O’Grady, Justin, Cottrell, Simon, Holden, Matthew TG, Thomson, Emma C, Osman, Husam, Andersson, Monique, Chauhan, Anoop J, Hassan-Ibrahim, Mohammed O, Lawniczak, Mara, Alderton, Alex, Chand, Meera, Constantinidou, Chrystala, Unnikrishnan, Meera, Darby, Alistair C, Hiscox, Julian A, Paterson, Steve, Martincorena, Inigo, Volz, Erik M, Page, Andrew J, Pybus, Oliver G, Bassett, Andrew R, Ariani, Cristina V, Chapman, Michael H Spencer, Li, Kathy K, Shah, Rajiv N, Jesudason, Natasha G, Taha, Yusri, McHugh, Martin P, Dewar, Rebecca, Jahun, Aminu S, McMurray, Claire, Pandey, Sarojini, McKenna, James P, Nelson, Andrew, Young, Gregory R, McCann, Clare M, and Elliott, Scott

Subjects
Emerging Infectious Diseases, Infectious Diseases, Lung, Pneumonia, Good Health and Well Being, Animals, Antibodies, Neutralizing, Antibodies, Viral, COVID-19, Cell Line, Chlorocebus aethiops, HEK293 Cells, Humans, Immune Evasion, Mutation, Pandemics, Phylogeny, Protein Binding, Recurrence, SARS-CoV-2, Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus, Vero Cells, COVID-19 Genomics UK (COG-UK) Consortium, Alpha variant, B.1.1.7, antibody escape, deletion, infectivity, neutralizing antibodies, resistance, spike mutation, Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Medical Physiology
Abstract

We report severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike ΔH69/V70 in multiple independent lineages, often occurring after acquisition of receptor binding motif replacements such as N439K and Y453F, known to increase binding affinity to the ACE2 receptor and confer antibody escape. In vitro, we show that, although ΔH69/V70 itself is not an antibody evasion mechanism, it increases infectivity associated with enhanced incorporation of cleaved spike into virions. ΔH69/V70 is able to partially rescue infectivity of spike proteins that have acquired N439K and Y453F escape mutations by increased spike incorporation. In addition, replacement of the H69 and V70 residues in the Alpha variant B.1.1.7 spike (where ΔH69/V70 occurs naturally) impairs spike incorporation and entry efficiency of the B.1.1.7 spike pseudotyped virus. Alpha variant B.1.1.7 spike mediates faster kinetics of cell-cell fusion than wild-type Wuhan-1 D614G, dependent on ΔH69/V70. Therefore, as ΔH69/V70 compensates for immune escape mutations that impair infectivity, continued surveillance for deletions with functional effects is warranted.

Published
2021

2. Circulating SARS-CoV-2 spike N439K variants maintain fitness while evading antibody-mediated immunity

Author

Thomson, Emma C, Rosen, Laura E, Shepherd, James G, Spreafico, Roberto, da Silva Filipe, Ana, Wojcechowskyj, Jason A, Davis, Chris, Piccoli, Luca, Pascall, David J, Dillen, Josh, Lytras, Spyros, Czudnochowski, Nadine, Shah, Rajiv, Meury, Marcel, Jesudason, Natasha, De Marco, Anna, Li, Kathy, Bassi, Jessica, O’Toole, Aine, Pinto, Dora, Colquhoun, Rachel M, Culap, Katja, Jackson, Ben, Zatta, Fabrizia, Rambaut, Andrew, Jaconi, Stefano, Sreenu, Vattipally B, Nix, Jay, Zhang, Ivy, Jarrett, Ruth F, Glass, William G, Beltramello, Martina, Nomikou, Kyriaki, Pizzuto, Matteo, Tong, Lily, Cameroni, Elisabetta, Croll, Tristan I, Johnson, Natasha, Di Iulio, Julia, Wickenhagen, Arthur, Ceschi, Alessandro, Harbison, Aoife M, Mair, Daniel, Ferrari, Paolo, Smollett, Katherine, Sallusto, Federica, Carmichael, Stephen, Garzoni, Christian, Nichols, Jenna, Galli, Massimo, Hughes, Joseph, Riva, Agostino, Ho, Antonia, Schiuma, Marco, Semple, Malcolm G, Openshaw, Peter JM, Fadda, Elisa, Baillie, J Kenneth, Chodera, John D, Investigators, The ISARIC4C, Consortium, the COVID-19 Genomics UK, Rihn, Suzannah J, Lycett, Samantha J, Virgin, Herbert W, Telenti, Amalio, Corti, Davide, Robertson, David L, and Snell, Gyorgy

Subjects
Medical Microbiology, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Biological Sciences, Immunology, Pneumonia, Prevention, Infectious Diseases, Vaccine Related, Immunization, Pneumonia & Influenza, Biodefense, Biotechnology, Emerging Infectious Diseases, Lung, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Aetiology, Infection, Good Health and Well Being, Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2, Antibodies, Neutralizing, Antibodies, Viral, COVID-19, Genetic Fitness, Humans, Immune Evasion, Mutation, Phylogeny, SARS-CoV-2, Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus, Virulence, ISARIC4C Investigators, COVID-19 Genomics UK (COG-UK) Consortium, N439K, Spike, monoclonal antibody escape, mutation, protein structure, receptor binding motif, variant, Medical and Health Sciences, Developmental Biology, Biological sciences, Biomedical and clinical sciences
Abstract

SARS-CoV-2 can mutate and evade immunity, with consequences for efficacy of emerging vaccines and antibody therapeutics. Here, we demonstrate that the immunodominant SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) receptor binding motif (RBM) is a highly variable region of S and provide epidemiological, clinical, and molecular characterization of a prevalent, sentinel RBM mutation, N439K. We demonstrate N439K S protein has enhanced binding affinity to the hACE2 receptor, and N439K viruses have similar in vitro replication fitness and cause infections with similar clinical outcomes as compared to wild type. We show the N439K mutation confers resistance against several neutralizing monoclonal antibodies, including one authorized for emergency use by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and reduces the activity of some polyclonal sera from persons recovered from infection. Immune evasion mutations that maintain virulence and fitness such as N439K can emerge within SARS-CoV-2 S, highlighting the need for ongoing molecular surveillance to guide development and usage of vaccines and therapeutics.

Published
2021

3. Hospital admission and emergency care attendance risk for SARS-CoV-2 delta (B.1.617.2) compared with alpha (B.1.1.7) variants of concern: a cohort study

Author

Koshy, Cherian, Ash, Amy, Wise, Emma, Moore, Nathan, Mori, Matilde, Cortes, Nick, Lynch, Jessica, Kidd, Stephen, Fairley, Derek, Curran, Tanya, McKenna, James, Adams, Helen, Fraser, Christophe, Golubchik, Tanya, Bonsall, David, Hassan-Ibrahim, Mohammed, Malone, Cassandra, Cogger, Benjamin, Wantoch, Michelle, Reynolds, Nicola, Warne, Ben, Maksimovic, Joshua, Spellman, Karla, McCluggage, Kathryn, John, Michaela, Beer, Robert, Afifi, Safiah, Morgan, Sian, Marchbank, Angela, Price, Anna, Kitchen, Christine, Gulliver, Huw, Merrick, Ian, Southgate, Joel, Guest, Martyn, Munn, Robert, Workman, Trudy, Connor, Thomas, Fuller, William, Bresner, Catherine, Snell, Luke, Patel, Amita, Charalampous, Themoula, Nebbia, Gaia, Batra, Rahul, Edgeworth, Jonathan, Robson, Samuel, Beckett, Angela, Aanensen, David, Underwood, Anthony, Yeats, Corin, Abudahab, Khalil, Taylor, Ben, Menegazzo, Mirko, Clark, Gemma, Smith, Wendy, Khakh, Manjinder, Fleming, Vicki, Lister, Michelle, Howson-Wells, Hannah, Berry, Louise, Boswell, Tim, Joseph, Amelia, Willingham, Iona, Jones, Carl, Holmes, Christopher, Bird, Paul, Helmer, Thomas, Fallon, Karlie, Tang, Julian, Raviprakash, Veena, Campbell, Sharon, Sheriff, Nicola, Blakey, Victoria, Williams, Lesley-Anne, Loose, Matthew, Holmes, Nadine, Moore, Christopher, Carlile, Matthew, Wright, Victoria, Sang, Fei, Debebe, Johnny, Coll, Francesc, Signell, Adrian, Betancor, Gilberto, Wilson, Harry, Eldirdiri, Sahar, Kenyon, Anita, Davis, Thomas, Pybus, Oliver, du Plessis, Louis, Zarebski, Alex, Raghwani, Jayna, Kraemer, Moritz, Francois, Sarah, Attwood, Stephen, Vasylyeva, Tetyana, Escalera Zamudio, Marina, Gutierrez, Bernardo, Torok, M. Estee, Hamilton, William, Goodfellow, Ian, Hall, Grant, Jahun, Aminu, Chaudhry, Yasmin, Hosmillo, Myra, Pinckert, Malte, Georgana, Iliana, Moses, Samuel, Lowe, Hannah, Bedford, Luke, Moore, Jonathan, Stonehouse, Susanne, Fisher, Chloe, Awan, Ali, BoYes, John, Breuer, Judith, Harris, Kathryn, Brown, Julianne, Shah, Divya, Atkinson, Laura, Lee, Jack, Storey, Nathaniel, Flaviani, Flavia, Alcolea-Medina, Adela, Williams, Rebecca, Vernet, Gabrielle, Chapman, Michael, Levett, Lisa, Heaney, Judith, Chatterton, Wendy, Pusok, Monika, Xu-McCrae, Li, Smith, Darren, Bashton, Matthew, Young, Gregory, Holmes, Alison, Randell, Paul, Cox, Alison, Madona, Pinglawathee, Bolt, Frances, Price, James, Mookerjee, Siddharth, Ragonnet-Cronin, Manon, F. Nascimento, Fabricia, Jorgensen, David, Siveroni, Igor, Johnson, Rob, Boyd, Olivia, Geidelberg, Lily, Volz, Erik, Rowan, Aileen, Taylor, Graham, Smollett, Katherine, Loman, Nicholas, Quick, Joshua, McMurray, Claire, Stockton, Joanne, Nicholls, Sam, Rowe, Will, Poplawski, Radoslaw, McNally, Alan, Martinez Nunez, Rocio, Mason, Jenifer, Robinson, Trevor, O'Toole, Elaine, Watts, Joanne, Breen, Cassie, Cowell, Angela, Sluga, Graciela, Machin, Nicholas, Ahmad, Shazaad, George, Ryan, Halstead, Fenella, Sivaprakasam, Venkat, Hogsden, Wendy, Illingworth, Chris, Jackson, Chris, Thomson, Emma, Shepherd, James, Asamaphan, Patawee, Niebel, Marc, Li, Kathy, Shah, Rajiv, Jesudason, Natasha, Tong, Lily, Broos, Alice, Mair, Daniel, Nichols, Jenna, Carmichael, Stephen, Nomikou, Kyriaki, Aranday-Cortes, Elihu, Johnson, Natasha, Starinskij, Igor, da Silva Filipe, Ana, Robertson, David, Orton, Richard, Hughes, Joseph, Vattipally, Sreenu, Singer, Joshua, Nickbakhsh, Seema, Hale, Antony, Macfarlane-Smith, Louissa, Harper, Katherine, Carden, Holli, Taha, Yusri, Payne, Brendan, Burton-Fanning, Shirelle, Waugh, Sheila, Collins, Jennifer, Eltringham, Gary, Rushton, Steven, O'Brien, Sarah, Bradley, Amanda, Maclean, Alasdair, Mollett, Guy, Blacow, Rachel, Templeton, Kate, McHugh, Martin, Dewar, Rebecca, Wastenge, Elizabeth, Dervisevic, Samir, Stanley, Rachael, Meader, Emma, Coupland, Lindsay, Smith, Louise, Graham, Clive, Barton, Edward, Padgett, Debra, Scott, Garren, Swindells, Emma, Greenaway, Jane, Nelson, Andrew, McCann, Clare, Yew, Wen, Andersson, Monique, Peto, Timothy, Justice, Anita, Eyre, David, Crook, Derrick, Sloan, Tim, Duckworth, Nichola, Walsh, Sarah, Chauhan, Anoop, Glaysher, Sharon, Bicknell, Kelly, Wyllie, Sarah, Elliott, Scott, Lloyd, Allyson, Impey, Robert, Levene, Nick, Monaghan, Lynn, Bradley, Declan, Wyatt, Tim, Allara, Elias, Pearson, Clare, Osman, Husam, Bosworth, Andrew, Robinson, Esther, Muir, Peter, Vipond, Ian, Hopes, Richard, Pymont, Hannah, Hutchings, Stephanie, Curran, Martin, Parmar, Surendra, Lackenby, Angie, Mbisa, Tamyo, Platt, Steven, Miah, Shahjahan, Bibby, David, Manso, Carmen, Hubb, Jonathan, Chand, Meera, Dabrera, Gavin, Ramsay, Mary, Bradshaw, Daniel, Thornton, Alicia, Myers, Richard, Schaefer, Ulf, Groves, Natalie, Gallagher, Eileen, Lee, David, Williams, David, Ellaby, Nicholas, Harrison, Ian, Hartman, Hassan, Manesis, Nikos, Patel, Vineet, Bishop, Chloe, Chalker, Vicki, Ledesma, Juan, Twohig, Katherine, Holden, Matthew, Shaaban, Sharif, Birchley, Alec, Adams, Alexander, Davies, Alisha, Gaskin, Amy, Plimmer, Amy, Gatica-Wilcox, Bree, McKerr, Caoimhe, Moore, Catherine, Williams, Chris, Heyburn, David, De Lacy, Elen, Hilvers, Ember, Downing, Fatima, Shankar, Giri, Jones, Hannah, Asad, Hibo, Coombes, Jason, Watkins, Joanne, Evans, Johnathan, Fina, Laia, Gifford, Laura, Gilbert, Lauren, Graham, Lee, Perry, Malorie, Morgan, Mari, Bull, Matthew, Cronin, Michelle, Pacchiarini, Nicole, Craine, Noel, Jones, Rachel, Howe, Robin, Corden, Sally, Rey, Sara, Kumziene-SummerhaYes, Sara, Taylor, Sarah, Cottrell, Simon, Jones, Sophie, Edwards, Sue, O'Grady, Justin, Page, Andrew, Mather, Alison, Baker, David, Rudder, Steven, Aydin, Alp, Kay, Gemma, Trotter, Alexander, Alikhan, Nabil-Fareed, de Oliveira Martins, Leonardo, Le-Viet, Thanh, Meadows, Lizzie, Casey, Anna, Ratcliffe, Liz, Simpson, David, Molnar, Zoltan, Thompson, Thomas, Acheson, Erwan, Masoli, Jane, Knight, Bridget, Ellard, Sian, Auckland, Cressida, Jones, Christopher, Mahungu, Tabitha, Irish-Tavares, Dianne, Haque, Tanzina, Hart, Jennifer, Witele, Eric, Fenton, Melisa, Dadrah, Ashok, Symmonds, Amanda, Saluja, Tranprit, Bourgeois, Yann, Scarlett, Garry, Loveson, Katie, Goudarzi, Salman, Fearn, Christopher, Cook, Kate, Dent, Hannah, Paul, Hannah, Partridge, David, Raza, Mohammad, Evans, Cariad, Johnson, Kate, Liggett, Steven, Baker, Paul, Bonner, Stephen, Essex, Sarah, Lyons, Ronan, Saeed, Kordo, Mahanama, Adhyana, Samaraweera, Buddhini, Silveira, Siona, Pelosi, Emanuela, Wilson-Davies, Eleri, Williams, Rachel, Kristiansen, Mark, Roy, Sunando, Williams, Charlotte, Cotic, Marius, Bayzid, Nadua, Westhorpe, Adam, Hartley, John, Jannoo, Riaz, Lowe, Helen, Karamani, Angeliki, Ensell, Leah, Prieto, Jacqui, Jeremiah, Sarah, Grammatopoulos, Dimitris, Pandey, Sarojini, Berry, Lisa, Jones, Katie, Richter, Alex, Beggs, Andrew, Best, Angus, Percival, Benita, Mirza, Jeremy, Megram, Oliver, Mayhew, Megan, Crawford, Liam, Ashcroft, Fiona, Moles-Garcia, Emma, Cumley, Nicola, Smith, Colin, Bucca, Giselda, Hesketh, Andrew, Blane, Beth, Girgis, Sophia, Leek, Danielle, Sridhar, Sushmita, Forrest, Sally, Cormie, Claire, Gill, Harmeet, Dias, Joana, Higginson, Ellen, Maes, Mailis, Young, Jamie, Kermack, Leanne, Gupta, Ravi, Ludden, Catherine, Peacock, Sharon, Palmer, Sophie, Churcher, Carol, Hadjirin, Nazreen, Carabelli, Alessandro, Brooks, Ellena, Smith, Kim, Galai, Katerina, McManus, Georgina, Ruis, Chris, Davidson, Rose, Rambaut, Andrew, Williams, Thomas, Balcazar, Carlos, Gallagher, Michael, O'Toole, Áine, Rooke, Stefan, Hill, Verity, Williamson, Kathleen, Stanton, Thomas, Michell, Stephen, Bewshea, Claire, Temperton, Ben, Michelsen, Michelle, Warwick-Dugdale, Joanna, Manley, Robin, Farbos, Audrey, Harrison, James, Sambles, Christine, Studholme, David, Jeffries, Aaron, Jackson, Leigh, Darby, Alistair, Hiscox, Julian, Paterson, Steve, Iturriza-Gomara, Miren, Jackson, Kathryn, Lucaci, Anita, Vamos, Edith, Hughes, Margaret, Rainbow, Lucille, Eccles, Richard, Nelson, Charlotte, Whitehead, Mark, Turtle, Lance, Haldenby, Sam, Gregory, Richard, Gemmell, Matthew, Wierzbicki, Claudia, Webster, Hermione, de Silva, Thushan, Smith, Nikki, Angyal, Adrienn, Lindsey, Benjamin, Groves, Danielle, Green, Luke, Wang, Dennis, Freeman, Timothy, Parker, Matthew, Keeley, Alexander, Parsons, Paul, Tucker, Rachel, Brown, Rebecca, Wyles, Matthew, Whiteley, Max, Zhang, Peijun, Gallis, Marta, Louka, Stavroula, Constantinidou, Chrystala, Unnikrishnan, Meera, Ott, Sascha, Cheng, Jeffrey, Bridgewater, Hannah, Frost, Lucy, Taylor-Joyce, Grace, Stark, Richard, Baxter, Laura, Alam, Mohammad, Brown, Paul, Aggarwal, Dinesh, Cerda, Alberto, Merrill, Tammy, Wilson, Rebekah, McClure, Patrick, Chappell, Joseph, Tsoleridis, Theocharis, Ball, Jonathan, Buck, David, Todd, John, Green, Angie, Trebes, Amy, MacIntyre-Cockett, George, de Cesare, Mariateresa, Alderton, Alex, Amato, Roberto, Ariani, Cristina, Beale, Mathew, Beaver, Charlotte, Bellis, Katherine, Betteridge, Emma, Bonfield, James, Danesh, John, Dorman, Matthew, Drury, Eleanor, Farr, Ben, Foulser, Luke, Goncalves, Sonia, Goodwin, Scott, Gourtovaia, Marina, Harrison, Ewan, Jackson, David, Jamrozy, Dorota, Johnston, Ian, Kane, Leanne, Kay, Sally, Keatley, Jon-Paul, Kwiatkowski, Dominic, Langford, Cordelia, Lawniczak, Mara, Letchford, Laura, Livett, Rich, Lo, Stephanie, Martincorena, Inigo, McGuigan, Samantha, Nelson, Rachel, Palmer, Steve, Park, Naomi, Patel, Minal, Prestwood, Liam, Puethe, Christoph, Quail, Michael, Rajatileka, Shavanthi, Scott, Carol, Shirley, Lesley, Sillitoe, John, Spencer Chapman, Michael, Thurston, Scott, Tonkin-Hill, Gerry, Weldon, Danni, Rajan, Diana, Bronner, Iraad, Aigrain, Louise, Redshaw, Nicholas, Lensing, Stefanie, Davies, Robert, Whitwham, Andrew, Liddle, Jennifier, Lewis, Kevin, Tovar-Corona, Jaime, Leonard, Steven, Durham, Jillian, Bassett, Andrew, McCarthy, Shane, Moll, Robin, James, Keith, Oliver, Karen, Makunin, Alex, Barrett, Jeff, Gunson, Rory, Twohig, Katherine A, Nyberg, Tommy, Zaidi, Asad, Thelwall, Simon, Sinnathamby, Mary A, Aliabadi, Shirin, Seaman, Shaun R, Harris, Ross J, Hope, Russell, Lopez-Bernal, Jamie, Charlett, Andre, De Angelis, Daniela, and Presanis, Anne M

Published
2022
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4. Changes in symptomatology, reinfection, and transmissibility associated with the SARS-CoV-2 variant B.1.1.7: an ecological study

Author

Koshy, Cherian, Ash, Amy, Wise, Emma, Moore, Nathan, Mori, Matilde, Cortes, Nick, Lynch, Jessica, Kidd, Stephen, Fairley, Derek J, Curran, Tanya, McKenna, James P, Adams, Helen, Fraser, Christophe, Golubchik, Tanya, Bonsall, David, Hassan-Ibrahim, Mohammed O, Malone, Cassandra S, Cogger, Benjamin J, Wantoch, Michelle, Reynolds, Nicola, Warne, Ben, Maksimovic, Joshua, Spellman, Karla, McCluggage, Kathryn, John, Michaela, Beer, Robert, Afifi, Safiah, Morgan, Sian, Marchbank, Angela, Price, Anna, Kitchen, Christine, Gulliver, Huw, Merrick, Ian, Southgate, Joel, Guest, Martyn, Munn, Robert, Workman, Trudy, Connor, Thomas R, Fuller, William, Bresner, Catherine, Snell, Luke B, Patel, Amita, Charalampous, Themoula, Nebbia, Gaia, Batra, Rahul, Edgeworth, Jonathan, Robson, Samuel C, Beckett, Angela H, Aanensen, David M, Underwood, Anthony P, Yeats, Corin A, Abudahab, Khalil, Taylor, Ben EW, Menegazzo, Mirko, Clark, Gemma, Smith, Wendy, Khakh, Manjinder, Fleming, Vicki M, Lister, Michelle M, Howson-Wells, Hannah C, Berry, Louise, Boswell, Tim, Joseph, Amelia, Willingham, Iona, Jones, Carl, Holmes, Christopher, Bird, Paul, Helmer, Thomas, Fallon, Karlie, Tang, Julian, Raviprakash, Veena, Campbell, Sharon, Sheriff, Nicola, Blakey, Victoria, Williams, Lesley-Anne, Loose, Matthew W, Holmes, Nadine, Moore, Christopher, Carlile, Matthew, Wright, Victoria, Sang, Fei, Debebe, Johnny, Coll, Francesc, Signell, Adrian W, Betancor, Gilberto, Wilson, Harry D, Eldirdiri, Sahar, Kenyon, Anita, Davis, Thomas, Pybus, Oliver G, du Plessis, Louis, Zarebski, Alex E, Raghwani, Jayna, Kraemer, Moritz UG, Francois, Sarah, Attwood, Stephen W, Vasylyeva, Tetyana I, Escalera Zamudio, Marina, Gutierrez, Bernardo, Torok, M. Estee, Hamilton, William L, Goodfellow, Ian G, Hall, Grant, Jahun, Aminu S, Chaudhry, Yasmin, Hosmillo, Myra, Pinckert, Malte L, Georgana, Iliana, Moses, Samuel, Lowe, Hannah, Bedford, Luke, Moore, Jonathan, Stonehouse, Susanne, Fisher, Chloe L, Awan, Ali R, BoYes, John, Breuer, Judith, Harris, Kathryn Ann, Brown, Julianne Rose, Shah, Divya, Atkinson, Laura, Lee, Jack CD, Storey, Nathaniel, Flaviani, Flavia, Alcolea-Medina, Adela, Williams, Rebecca, Vernet, Gabrielle, Chapman, Michael R, Levett, Lisa J, Heaney, Judith, Chatterton, Wendy, Pusok, Monika, Xu-McCrae, Li, Smith, Darren L, Bashton, Matthew, Young, Gregory R, Holmes, Alison, Randell, Paul Anthony, Cox, Alison, Madona, Pinglawathee, Bolt, Frances, Price, James, Mookerjee, Siddharth, Ragonnet-Cronin, Manon, Nascimento, Fabricia F., Jorgensen, David, Siveroni, Igor, Johnson, Rob, Boyd, Olivia, Geidelberg, Lily, Volz, Erik M, Rowan, Aileen, Taylor, Graham P, Smollett, Katherine L, Loman, Nicholas J, Quick, Joshua, McMurray, Claire, Stockton, Joanne, Nicholls, Sam, Rowe, Will, Poplawski, Radoslaw, McNally, Alan, Martinez Nunez, Rocio T, Mason, Jenifer, Robinson, Trevor I, O'Toole, Elaine, Watts, Joanne, Breen, Cassie, Cowell, Angela, Sluga, Graciela, Machin, Nicholas W, Ahmad, Shazaad S Y, George, Ryan P, Halstead, Fenella, Sivaprakasam, Venkat, Hogsden, Wendy, Illingworth, Chris J, Jackson, Chris, Thomson, Emma C, Shepherd, James G, Asamaphan, Patawee, Niebel, Marc O, Li, Kathy K, Shah, Rajiv N, Jesudason, Natasha G, Tong, Lily, Broos, Alice, Mair, Daniel, Nichols, Jenna, Carmichael, Stephen N, Nomikou, Kyriaki, Aranday-Cortes, Elihu, Johnson, Natasha, Starinskij, Igor, da Silva Filipe, Ana, Robertson, David L, Orton, Richard J, Hughes, Joseph, Vattipally, Sreenu, Singer, Joshua B, Nickbakhsh, Seema, Hale, Antony D, Macfarlane-Smith, Louissa R, Harper, Katherine L, Carden, Holli, Taha, Yusri, Payne, Brendan AI, Burton-Fanning, Shirelle, Waugh, Sheila, Collins, Jennifer, Eltringham, Gary, Rushton, Steven, O'Brien, Sarah, Bradley, Amanda, Maclean, Alasdair, Mollett, Guy, Blacow, Rachel, Templeton, Kate E, McHugh, Martin P, Dewar, Rebecca, Wastenge, Elizabeth, Dervisevic, Samir, Stanley, Rachael, Meader, Emma J, Coupland, Lindsay, Smith, Louise, Graham, Clive, Barton, Edward, Padgett, Debra, Scott, Garren, Swindells, Emma, Greenaway, Jane, Nelson, Andrew, McCann, Clare M, Yew, Wen C, Andersson, Monique, Peto, Timothy, Justice, Anita, Eyre, David, Crook, Derrick, Sloan, Tim J, Duckworth, Nichola, Walsh, Sarah, Chauhan, Anoop J, Glaysher, Sharon, Bicknell, Kelly, Wyllie, Sarah, Elliott, Scott, Lloyd, Allyson, Impey, Robert, Levene, Nick, Monaghan, Lynn, Bradley, Declan T, Wyatt, Tim, Allara, Elias, Pearson, Clare, Osman, Husam, Bosworth, Andrew, Robinson, Esther, Muir, Peter, Vipond, Ian B, Hopes, Richard, Pymont, Hannah M, Hutchings, Stephanie, Curran, Martin D, Parmar, Surendra, Lackenby, Angie, Mbisa, Tamyo, Platt, Steven, Miah, Shahjahan, Bibby, David, Manso, Carmen, Hubb, Jonathan, Chand, Meera, Dabrera, Gavin, Ramsay, Mary, Bradshaw, Daniel, Thornton, Alicia, Myers, Richard, Schaefer, Ulf, Groves, Natalie, Gallagher, Eileen, Lee, David, Williams, David, Ellaby, Nicholas, Harrison, Ian, Hartman, Hassan, Manesis, Nikos, Patel, Vineet, Bishop, Chloe, Chalker, Vicki, Ledesma, Juan, Twohig, Katherine A, Holden, Matthew T.G., Shaaban, Sharif, Birchley, Alec, Adams, Alexander, Davies, Alisha, Gaskin, Amy, Plimmer, Amy, Gatica-Wilcox, Bree, McKerr, Caoimhe, Moore, Catherine, Williams, Chris, Heyburn, David, De Lacy, Elen, Hilvers, Ember, Downing, Fatima, Shankar, Giri, Jones, Hannah, Asad, Hibo, Coombes, Jason, Watkins, Joanne, Evans, Johnathan M, Fina, Laia, Gifford, Laura, Gilbert, Lauren, Graham, Lee, Perry, Malorie, Morgan, Mari, Bull, Matthew, Cronin, Michelle, Pacchiarini, Nicole, Craine, Noel, Jones, Rachel, Howe, Robin, Corden, Sally, Rey, Sara, Kumziene-SummerhaYes, Sara, Taylor, Sarah, Cottrell, Simon, Jones, Sophie, Edwards, Sue, O'Grady, Justin, Page, Andrew J, Mather, Alison E, Baker, David J, Rudder, Steven, Aydin, Alp, Kay, Gemma L, Trotter, Alexander J, Alikhan, Nabil-Fareed, de Oliveira Martins, Leonardo, Le-Viet, Thanh, Meadows, Lizzie, Casey, Anna, Ratcliffe, Liz, Simpson, David A, Molnar, Zoltan, Thompson, Thomas, Acheson, Erwan, Masoli, Jane AH, Knight, Bridget A, Ellard, Sian, Auckland, Cressida, Jones, Christopher R, Mahungu, Tabitha W, Irish-Tavares, Dianne, Haque, Tanzina, Hart, Jennifer, Witele, Eric, Fenton, Melisa Louise, Dadrah, Ashok, Symmonds, Amanda, Saluja, Tranprit, Bourgeois, Yann, Scarlett, Garry P, Loveson, Katie F, Goudarzi, Salman, Fearn, Christopher, Cook, Kate, Dent, Hannah, Paul, Hannah, Partridge, David G, Raza, Mohammad, Evans, Cariad, Johnson, Kate, Liggett, Steven, Baker, Paul, Bonner, Stephen, Essex, Sarah, Lyons, Ronan A, Saeed, Kordo, Mahanama, Adhyana I.K, Samaraweera, Buddhini, Silveira, Siona, Pelosi, Emanuela, Wilson-Davies, Eleri, Williams, Rachel J, Kristiansen, Mark, Roy, Sunando, Williams, Charlotte A, Cotic, Marius, Bayzid, Nadua, Westhorpe, Adam P, Hartley, John A, Jannoo, Riaz, Lowe, Helen L, Karamani, Angeliki, Ensell, Leah, Prieto, Jacqui A, Jeremiah, Sarah, Grammatopoulos, Dimitris, Pandey, Sarojini, Berry, Lisa, Jones, Katie, Richter, Alex, Beggs, Andrew, Best, Angus, Percival, Benita, Mirza, Jeremy, Megram, Oliver, Mayhew, Megan, Crawford, Liam, Ashcroft, Fiona, Moles-Garcia, Emma, Cumley, Nicola, Smith, Colin P, Bucca, Giselda, Hesketh, Andrew R, Blane, Beth, Girgis, Sophia T, Leek, Danielle, Sridhar, Sushmita, Forrest, Sally, Cormie, Claire, Gill, Harmeet K, Dias, Joana, Higginson, Ellen E, Maes, Mailis, Young, Jamie, Kermack, Leanne M, Gupta, Ravi Kumar, Ludden, Catherine, Peacock, Sharon J, Palmer, Sophie, Churcher, Carol M, Hadjirin, Nazreen F, Carabelli, Alessandro M, Brooks, Ellena, Smith, Kim S, Galai, Katerina, McManus, Georgina M, Ruis, Chris, Davidson, Rose K, Rambaut, Andrew, Williams, Thomas, Balcazar, Carlos E, Gallagher, Michael D, O'Toole, Áine, Rooke, Stefan, Hill, Verity, Williamson, Kathleen A, Stanton, Thomas D, Michell, Stephen L, Bewshea, Claire M, Temperton, Ben, Michelsen, Michelle L, Warwick-Dugdale, Joanna, Manley, Robin, Farbos, Audrey, Harrison, James W, Sambles, Christine M, Studholme, David J, Jeffries, Aaron R, Darby, Alistair C, Hiscox, Julian A, Paterson, Steve, Iturriza-Gomara, Miren, Jackson, Kathryn A, Lucaci, Anita O, Vamos, Edith E, Hughes, Margaret, Rainbow, Lucille, Eccles, Richard, Nelson, Charlotte, Whitehead, Mark, Turtle, Lance, Haldenby, Sam T, Gregory, Richard, Gemmell, Matthew, Wierzbicki, Claudia, Webster, Hermione J, de Silva, Thushan I, Smith, Nikki, Angyal, Adrienn, Lindsey, Benjamin B, Groves, Danielle C, Green, Luke R, Wang, Dennis, Freeman, Timothy M, Parker, Matthew D, Keeley, Alexander J, Parsons, Paul J, Tucker, Rachel M, Brown, Rebecca, Wyles, Matthew, Whiteley, Max, Zhang, Peijun, Gallis, Marta, Louka, Stavroula F, Constantinidou, Chrystala, Unnikrishnan, Meera, Ott, Sascha, Cheng, Jeffrey K.J., Bridgewater, Hannah E., Frost, Lucy R., Taylor-Joyce, Grace, Stark, Richard, Baxter, Laura, Alam, Mohammad T., Brown, Paul E, Aggarwal, Dinesh, Cerda, Alberto C, Merrill, Tammy V, Wilson, Rebekah E, McClure, Patrick C, Chappell, Joseph G, Tsoleridis, Theocharis, Ball, Jonathan, Buck, David, Todd, John A, Green, Angie, Trebes, Amy, MacIntyre-Cockett, George, de Cesare, Mariateresa, Alderton, Alex, Amato, Roberto, Ariani, Cristina V, Beale, Mathew A, Beaver, Charlotte, Bellis, Katherine L, Betteridge, Emma, Bonfield, James, Danesh, John, Dorman, Matthew J, Drury, Eleanor, Farr, Ben W, Foulser, Luke, Goncalves, Sonia, Goodwin, Scott, Gourtovaia, Marina, Harrison, Ewan M, Jackson, David K, Jamrozy, Dorota, Johnston, Ian, Kane, Leanne, Kay, Sally, Keatley, Jon-Paul, Kwiatkowski, Dominic, Langford, Cordelia F, Lawniczak, Mara, Letchford, Laura, Livett, Rich, Lo, Stephanie, Martincorena, Inigo, McGuigan, Samantha, Nelson, Rachel, Palmer, Steve, Park, Naomi R, Patel, Minal, Prestwood, Liam, Puethe, Christoph, Quail, Michael A, Rajatileka, Shavanthi, Scott, Carol, Shirley, Lesley, Sillitoe, John, Spencer Chapman, Michael H, Thurston, Scott AJ, Tonkin-Hill, Gerry, Weldon, Danni, Rajan, Diana, Bronner, Iraad F, Aigrain, Louise, Redshaw, Nicholas M, Lensing, Stefanie V, Davies, Robert, Whitwham, Andrew, Liddle, Jennifier, Lewis, Kevin, Tovar-Corona, Jaime M, Leonard, Steven, Durham, Jillian, Bassett, Andrew R, McCarthy, Shane, Moll, Robin J, James, Keith, Oliver, Karen, Makunin, Alex, Barrett, Jeff, Gunson, Rory N, Graham, Mark S, Sudre, Carole H, May, Anna, Antonelli, Michela, Murray, Benjamin, Varsavsky, Thomas, Kläser, Kerstin, Canas, Liane S, Molteni, Erika, Modat, Marc, Drew, David A, Nguyen, Long H, Polidori, Lorenzo, Selvachandran, Somesh, Hu, Christina, Capdevila, Joan, Hammers, Alexander, Chan, Andrew T, Wolf, Jonathan, Spector, Tim D, Steves, Claire J, and Ourselin, Sebastien

Published
2021
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5. Genomic assessment of quarantine measures to prevent SARS-CoV-2 importation and transmission

Author

Aggarwal, Dinesh, Page, Andrew J., Schaefer, Ulf, Savva, George M., Myers, Richard, Volz, Erik, Ellaby, Nicholas, Platt, Steven, Groves, Natalie, Gallagher, Eileen, Tumelty, Niamh M., Le Viet, Thanh, Hughes, Gareth J., Chen, Cong, Turner, Charlie, Logan, Sophie, Harrison, Abbie, The COVID-19 Genomics UK (COG, Ash, Amy, Wise, Emma, Moore, Nathan, Mori, Matilde, Cortes, Nick, Lynch, Jessica, Kidd, Stephen, Fairley, Derek J., Curran, Tanya, McKenna, James P., Adams, Helen, Fraser, Christophe, Golubchik, Tanya, Bonsall, David, Hassan-Ibrahim, Mohammed O., Malone, Cassandra S., Cogger, Benjamin J., Wantoch, Michelle, Reynolds, Nicola, Warne, Ben, Maksimovic, Joshua, Spellman, Karla, McCluggage, Kathryn, John, Michaela, Beer, Robert, Afifi, Safiah, Morgan, Sian, Marchbank, Angela, Price, Anna, Kitchen, Christine, Gulliver, Huw, Merrick, Ian, Southgate, Joel, Guest, Martyn, Munn, Robert, Workman, Trudy, Connor, Thomas R., Fuller, William, Bresner, Catherine, Snell, Luke B., Patel, Amita, Charalampous, Themoula, Nebbia, Gaia, Batra, Rahul, Edgeworth, Jonathan, Robson, Samuel C., Beckett, Angela H., Aanensen, David M., Underwood, Anthony P., Yeats, Corin A., Abudahab, Khalil, Taylor, Ben E. W., Menegazzo, Mirko, Clark, Gemma, Smith, Wendy, Khakh, Manjinder, Fleming, Vicki M., Lister, Michelle M., Howson-Wells, Hannah C., Berry, Louise, Boswell, Tim, Joseph, Amelia, Willingham, Iona, Jones, Carl, Holmes, Christopher, Bird, Paul, Helmer, Thomas, Fallon, Karlie, Tang, Julian, Raviprakash, Veena, Campbell, Sharon, Sheriff, Nicola, Blakey, Victoria, Williams, Lesley-Anne, Loose, Matthew W., Holmes, Nadine, Moore, Christopher, Carlile, Matthew, Wright, Victoria, Sang, Fei, Debebe, Johnny, Coll, Francesc, Signell, Adrian W., Betancor, Gilberto, Wilson, Harry D., Eldirdiri, Sahar, Kenyon, Anita, Davis, Thomas, Pybus, Oliver G., du Plessis, Louis, Zarebski, Alex E., Raghwani, Jayna, Kraemer, Moritz U. G., Francois, Sarah, Attwood, Stephen W., Vasylyeva, Tetyana I., Zamudio, Marina Escalera, Gutierrez, Bernardo, Torok, M. Estee, Hamilton, William L., Goodfellow, Ian G., Hall, Grant, Jahun, Aminu S., Chaudhry, Yasmin, Hosmillo, Myra, Pinckert, Malte L., Georgana, Iliana, Moses, Samuel, Lowe, Hannah, Bedford, Luke, Moore, Jonathan, Stonehouse, Susanne, Fisher, Chloe L., Awan, Ali R., BoYes, John, Breuer, Judith, Harris, Kathryn A., Brown, Julianne R., Shah, Divya, Atkinson, Laura, Lee, Jack C. D., Storey, Nathaniel, Flaviani, Flavia, Alcolea-Medina, Adela, Williams, Rebecca, Vernet, Gabrielle, Chapman, Michael R., Levett, Lisa J., Heaney, Judith, Chatterton, Wendy, Pusok, Monika, Xu-McCrae, Li, Smith, Darren, Bashton, Matthew, Young, Greg, Holmes, Alison, Randell, Paul A., Cox, Alison, Madona, Pinglawathee, Bolt, Frances, Price, James, Mookerjee, Siddharth, Ragonnet-Cronin, Manon, Nascimento, Fabricia F., Jorgensen, David, Siveroni, Igor, Johnson, Rob, Boyd, Olivia, Geidelberg, Lily, Volz, Erik M., Rowan, Aileen, Taylor, Graham P., Smollett, Katherine L., Loman, Nicholas J., Quick, Joshua, McMurray, Claire, Stockton, Joanne, Nicholls, Sam, Rowe, Will, Poplawski, Radoslaw, McNally, Alan, Nunez, Rocio T. Martinez, Mason, Jenifer, Robinson, Trevor I., O’Toole, Elaine, Watts, Joanne, Breen, Cassie, Cowell, Angela, Sluga, Graciela, Machin, Nicholas W., Ahmad, Shazaad S. Y., George, Ryan P., Halstead, Fenella, Sivaprakasam, Venkat, Hogsden, Wendy, Illingworth, Chris J., Jackson, Chris, Thomson, Emma C., Shepherd, James G., Asamaphan, Patawee, Niebel, Marc O., Li, Kathy K., Shah, Rajiv N., Jesudason, Natasha G., Tong, Lily, Broos, Alice, Mair, Daniel, Nichols, Jenna, Carmichael, Stephen N., Nomikou, Kyriaki, Aranday-Cortes, Elihu, Johnson, Natasha, Starinskij, Igor, da Silva Filipe, Ana, Robertson, David L., Orton, Richard J., Hughes, Joseph, Vattipally, Sreenu, Singer, Joshua B., Nickbakhsh, Seema, Hale, Antony D., Macfarlane-Smith, Louissa R., Harper, Katherine L., Carden, Holli, Taha, Yusri, Payne, Brendan A. I., Burton-Fanning, Shirelle, Waugh, Sheila, Collins, Jennifer, Eltringham, Gary, Rushton, Steven, O’Brien, Sarah, Bradley, Amanda, Maclean, Alasdair, Mollett, Guy, Blacow, Rachel, Templeton, Kate E., McHugh, Martin P., Dewar, Rebecca, Wastenge, Elizabeth, Dervisevic, Samir, Stanley, Rachael, Meader, Emma J., Coupland, Lindsay, Smith, Louise, Graham, Clive, Barton, Edward, Padgett, Debra, Scott, Garren, Swindells, Emma, Greenaway, Jane, Nelson, Andrew, McCann, Clare, Yew, Wen Chyin, Andersson, Monique, Peto, Timothy, Justice, Anita, Eyre, David, Crook, Derrick, Sloan, Tim J., Duckworth, Nichola, Walsh, Sarah, Chauhan, Anoop J., Glaysher, Sharon, Bicknell, Kelly, Wyllie, Sarah, Elliott, Scott, Lloyd, Allyson, Impey, Robert, Levene, Nick, Monaghan, Lynn, Bradley, Declan T., Wyatt, Tim, Allara, Elias, Pearson, Clare, Osman, Husam, Bosworth, Andrew, Robinson, Esther, Muir, Peter, Vipond, Ian B., Hopes, Richard, Pymont, Hannah M., Hutchings, Stephanie, Curran, Martin D., Parmar, Surendra, Lackenby, Angie, Mbisa, Tamyo, Miah, Shahjahan, Bibby, David, Manso, Carmen, Hubb, Jonathan, Dabrera, Gavin, Ramsay, Mary, Bradshaw, Daniel, Thornton, Alicia, Lee, David, Williams, David, Harrison, Ian, Hartman, Hassan, Manesis, Nikos, Patel, Vineet, Bishop, Chloe, Chalker, Vicki, Ledesma, Juan, Twohig, Katherine A., Holden, Matthew T. G., Shaaban, Sharif, Birchley, Alec, Adams, Alexander, Davies, Alisha, Gaskin, Amy, Plimmer, Amy, Gatica-Wilcox, Bree, McKerr, Caoimhe, Moore, Catherine, Williams, Chris, Heyburn, David, De Lacy, Elen, Hilvers, Ember, Downing, Fatima, Shankar, Giri, Jones, Hannah, Asad, Hibo, Coombes, Jason, Watkins, Joanne, Evans, Johnathan M., Fina, Laia, Gifford, Laura, Gilbert, Lauren, Graham, Lee, Perry, Malorie, Morgan, Mari, Bull, Matthew, Cronin, Michelle, Pacchiarini, Nicole, Craine, Noel, Jones, Rachel, Howe, Robin, Corden, Sally, Rey, Sara, Kumziene-SummerhaYes, Sara, Taylor, Sarah, Cottrell, Simon, Jones, Sophie, Edwards, Sue, O’Grady, Justin, Mather, Alison E., Baker, David J., Rudder, Steven, Aydin, Alp, Kay, Gemma L., Trotter, Alexander J., Alikhan, Nabil-Fareed, de Oliveira Martins, Leonardo, Le-Viet, Thanh, Meadows, Lizzie, Casey, Anna, Ratcliffe, Liz, Simpson, David A., Molnar, Zoltan, Thompson, Thomas, Acheson, Erwan, Masoli, Jane A. H., Knight, Bridget A., Ellard, Sian, Auckland, Cressida, Jones, Christopher R., Mahungu, Tabitha W., Irish-Tavares, Dianne, Haque, Tanzina, Hart, Jennifer, Witele, Eric, Fenton, Melisa L., Dadrah, Ashok, Symmonds, Amanda, Saluja, Tranprit, Bourgeois, Yann, Scarlett, Garry P., Loveson, Katie F., Goudarzi, Salman, Fearn, Christopher, Cook, Kate, Dent, Hannah, Paul, Hannah, Partridge, David G., Raza, Mohammad, Evans, Cariad, Johnson, Kate, Liggett, Steven, Baker, Paul, Bonner, Stephen, Essex, Sarah, Lyons, Ronan A., Saeed, Kordo, Mahanama, Adhyana I. K., Samaraweera, Buddhini, Silveira, Siona, Pelosi, Emanuela, Wilson-Davies, Eleri, Williams, Rachel J., Kristiansen, Mark, Roy, Sunando, Williams, Charlotte A., Cotic, Marius, Bayzid, Nadua, Westhorpe, Adam P., Hartley, John A., Jannoo, Riaz, Lowe, Helen L., Karamani, Angeliki, Ensell, Leah, Prieto, Jacqui A., Jeremiah, Sarah, Grammatopoulos, Dimitris, Pandey, Sarojini, Berry, Lisa, Jones, Katie, Richter, Alex, Beggs, Andrew, Best, Angus, Percival, Benita, Mirza, Jeremy, Megram, Oliver, Mayhew, Megan, Crawford, Liam, Ashcroft, Fiona, Moles-Garcia, Emma, Cumley, Nicola, Smith, Colin P., Bucca, Giselda, Hesketh, Andrew R., Blane, Beth, Girgis, Sophia T., Leek, Danielle, Sridhar, Sushmita, Forrest, Sally, Cormie, Claire, Gill, Harmeet K., Dias, Joana, Higginson, Ellen E., Maes, Mailis, Young, Jamie, Kermack, Leanne M., Gupta, Ravi K., Ludden, Catherine, Peacock, Sharon J., Palmer, Sophie, Churcher, Carol M., Hadjirin, Nazreen F., Carabelli, Alessandro M., Brooks, Ellena, Smith, Kim S., Galai, Katerina, McManus, Georgina M., Ruis, Chris, Davidson, Rose K., Rambaut, Andrew, Williams, Thomas, Balcazar, Carlos E., Gallagher, Michael D., O’Toole, Áine, Rooke, Stefan, Hill, Verity, Williamson, Kathleen A., Stanton, Thomas D., Michell, Stephen L., Bewshea, Claire M., Temperton, Ben, Michelsen, Michelle L., Warwick-Dugdale, Joanna, Manley, Robin, Farbos, Audrey, Harrison, James W., Sambles, Christine M., Studholme, David J., Jeffries, Aaron R., Darby, Alistair C., Hiscox, Julian A., Paterson, Steve, Iturriza-Gomara, Miren, Jackson, Kathryn A., Lucaci, Anita O., Vamos, Edith E., Hughes, Margaret, Rainbow, Lucille, Eccles, Richard, Nelson, Charlotte, Whitehead, Mark, Turtle, Lance, Haldenby, Sam T., Gregory, Richard, Gemmell, Matthew, Wierzbicki, Claudia, Webster, Hermione J., de Silva, Thushan I., Smith, Nikki, Angyal, Adrienn, Lindsey, Benjamin B., Groves, Danielle C., Green, Luke R., Wang, Dennis, Freeman, Timothy M., Parker, Matthew D., Keeley, Alexander J., Parsons, Paul J., Tucker, Rachel M., Brown, Rebecca, Wyles, Matthew, Whiteley, Max, Zhang, Peijun, Gallis, Marta, Louka, Stavroula F., Constantinidou, Chrystala, Unnikrishnan, Meera, Ott, Sascha, Cheng, Jeffrey K. J., Bridgewater, Hannah E., Frost, Lucy R., Taylor-Joyce, Grace, Stark, Richard, Baxter, Laura, Alam, Mohammad T., Brown, Paul E., Cerda, Alberto C., Merrill, Tammy V., Wilson, Rebekah E., McClure, Patrick C., Chappell, Joseph G., Tsoleridis, Theocharis, Ball, Jonathan, Buck, David, Todd, John A., Green, Angie, Trebes, Amy, MacIntyre-Cockett, George, de Cesare, Mariateresa, Alderton, Alex, Amato, Roberto, Ariani, Cristina V., Beale, Mathew A., Beaver, Charlotte, Bellis, Katherine L., Betteridge, Emma, Bonfield, James, Danesh, John, Dorman, Matthew J., Drury, Eleanor, Farr, Ben W., Foulser, Luke, Goncalves, Sonia, Goodwin, Scott, Gourtovaia, Marina, Harrison, Ewan M., Jackson, David K., Jamrozy, Dorota, Johnston, Ian, Kane, Leanne, Kay, Sally, Keatley, Jon-Paul, Kwiatkowski, Dominic, Langford, Cordelia F., Lawniczak, Mara, Letchford, Laura, Livett, Rich, Lo, Stephanie, Martincorena, Inigo, McGuigan, Samantha, Nelson, Rachel, Palmer, Steve, Park, Naomi R., Patel, Minal, Prestwood, Liam, Puethe, Christoph, Quail, Michael A., Rajatileka, Shavanthi, Scott, Carol, Shirley, Lesley, Sillitoe, John, Chapman, Michael H. Spencer, Thurston, Scott A. J., Tonkin-Hill, Gerry, Weldon, Danni, Rajan, Diana, Bronner, Iraad F., Aigrain, Louise, Redshaw, Nicholas M., Lensing, Stefanie V., Davies, Robert, Whitwham, Andrew, Liddle, Jennifier, Lewis, Kevin, Tovar-Corona, Jaime M., Leonard, Steven, Durham, Jillian, Bassett, Andrew R., McCarthy, Shane, Moll, Robin J., James, Keith, Oliver, Karen, Makunin, Alex, Barrett, Jeff, Gunson, Rory N., Koshy, Cherian, Chand, Meera, Aggarwal, Dinesh [0000-0002-5938-8172], Page, Andrew J [0000-0001-6919-6062], Volz, Erik [0000-0001-6268-8937], Tumelty, Niamh M [0000-0002-9894-6034], Le Viet, Thanh [0000-0002-2106-8130], Hughes, Gareth J [0000-0002-3781-0117], Harrison, Abbie [0000-0002-7435-9994], Peacock, Sharon J [0000-0002-1718-2782], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
631/326/1762, 631/326/325/2483, General Physics and Astronomy, 45/23, Genome, Viral, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, COVID-19 Genomics UK (COG-UK) Consortium, Communicable Diseases, Imported, Humans, 631/326/596/4130, Travel, Multidisciplinary, Science & Technology, 45, SARS-CoV-2, article, COVID-19, General Chemistry, Genomics, A300, C700, 692/700/478/174, B900, Multidisciplinary Sciences, England, Quarantine, Science & Technology - Other Topics, Health Impact Assessment, Contact Tracing, Travel-Related Illness, human activities
Abstract

Mitigation of SARS-CoV-2 transmission from international travel is a priority. We evaluated the effectiveness of travellers being required to quarantine for 14-days on return to England in Summer 2020. We identified 4,207 travel-related SARS-CoV-2 cases and their contacts, and identified 827 associated SARS-CoV-2 genomes. Overall, quarantine was associated with a lower rate of contacts, and the impact of quarantine was greatest in the 16-20 age-group. 186 SARS-CoV-2 genomes were sufficiently unique to identify travel-related clusters. Fewer genomically-linked cases were observed for index cases who returned from countries with quarantine requirement compared to countries with no quarantine requirement. This difference was explained by fewer importation events per identified genome for these cases, as opposed to fewer onward contacts per case. Overall, our study demonstrates that a 14-day quarantine period reduces, but does not completely eliminate, the onward transmission of imported cases, mainly by dissuading travel to countries with a quarantine requirement., We thank members of the COVID-19 Genomics Consortium UK and Test and Trace contact tracers for their contributions to generating the data used in this study. We thank the Sanger Covid Team for assisting with Samples and Logistics. We thank Sarah Mitchell from the Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, for direction on statistical analysis. DA is a Clinical PhD Fellow and gratefully supported by the Wellcome Trust (Grant number: 222903/Z/21/Z). EMH is supported by a UK Research and Innovation (UKRI) Fellowship: MR/S00291X/1. AJP, TLV, GMS gratefully acknowledge the support of the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC); their research was funded by the BBSRC Institute Strategic Programme Microbes in the Food Chain BB/R012504/1 and its constituent project BBS/E/F/000PR10352, also Quadram Institute Bioscience BBSRC funded Core Capability Grant (project number BB/CCG1860/1). The COVID-19 Genomics UK (COG-UK) Consortium is supported by funding from the Medical Research Council (MRC) part of UK Research & Innovation (UKRI), the National Institute of Health Research (NIHR) and Genome Research Limited, operating as the Wellcome Sanger Institute. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.

Published
2022

6. Genomic epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 in a UK university identifies dynamics of transmission

Author

Aggarwal, Dinesh, Warne, Ben, Jahun, Aminu S., Hamilton, William L., Fieldman, Thomas, du Plessis, Louis, Hill, Verity, Blane, Beth, Watkins, Emmeline, Wright, Elizabeth, Hall, Grant, Ludden, Catherine, Myers, Richard, Hosmillo, Myra, Chaudhry, Yasmin, Pinckert, Malte L., Georgana, Iliana, Izuagbe, Rhys, Leek, Danielle, Nsonwu, Olisaeloka, Hughes, Gareth J., Packer, Simon, Page, Andrew J., Metaxaki, Marina, Fuller, Stewart, Weale, Gillian, Holgate, Jon, Brown, Christopher A., Orton, Alexandra, Douthwaite, Julie, Rees, Steve, Brown, Christopher, Clark, Roger, Jones, Daniel R., Kuenzi, Fred, Rankin, Jennifer, Waddell, Ian, Maxwell, Patrick, Matheson, Nicholas, Abell, Chris, Braithwaite, Vickie, Brierley, Craig, Crowcroft, Jon, Dahal, Aastha, Faulkner, Kathryn, Glover, Michael, Goodfellow, Ian, Greatorex, Jane, James, Laura, Lehner, Paul, Leslie, Ian, Liddell, Kathleen, Margolis, Ben, Morgan, Sally, Sheridan, Linda, Valletta, Sally, Vignoles, Anna, Vinnell, Martin, Wills, Mark, Hilborne, Sarah, Berry, Sarah, Kahkeshi, Mahin Bagheri, Hancock, Dawn, Winster, Jennifer, Enright, Jessica, Samworth, Richard, Samtani, Vijay, Ahmadi-Assalemi, Gabriela, Feather, Tom, Goodall, Robin, Hoensch, Steve, Johnson, Dean, Hunt, Martin, Mathieson, Nick, Nikitina, Katya, Sheldrake, Zara, Keen, Martin, Sato, Aris, Connor, David, Tolhurst, Jonathan, Williman, Jack, Hollamby, Victoria, Jordan, Sinead, Fatseas, Tania, Taylor, Peter, Georgiou, Christine, Caspersz, Michelle, McNulty, Claire, Davies, Richard, Clarke, Rebecca, Danaei, Darius, Dyer, Rory, Glew, Rob, Lambson, Oliver, Gibbs, Karen, Mozdzen, Barbara, Raub, Gabor, Radecki, Asako, White, Phil, Hughes, Robert, Gransden, Lucie, Ceaser, Matt, Sing, Robert, Wilson, Karl, Parlikad, Ajith, Dhada, Maharshi, Ridgman, Tom, Mungovan, Diane, Matthews, Steve, Searle, Paul, Mills, John, Neely, Andy, Henderson, Robert, Murphy, Edna, Russell, Matthew, Freeling, Anthony, Poppitt, Steve, Tynan, Jo, Knapton, James, Marchetti, Filippo, Angelis, Daniela De, Feltwell, Theresa, Hadjirin, Nazreen F., Jahun, Aminu, Pinckert, Malte, Shaw, Ashley, Chaudhry, Afzal, Brown, Nicholas M., Mactavous, Lenette, Hannan, Sophie, Hosaja, Aleksandra, Leong, Clare, Wright, Jo, Quinnell, Natalie, Workman, Chris, Ferris, Mark, Wright, Giles, Brooks, Ellena, Carabelli, Alessandro M., Churcher, Carol M., Galai, Katerina, Girgis, Sophia T., Gupta, Ravi K., McManus, Georgina M., Palmer, Sophie, Peacock, Sharon J., Smith, Kim S., Allara, Elias, Bibby, David, Bishop, Chloe, Bosworth, Andrew, Bradshaw, Daniel, Chalker, Vicki, Chand, Meera, Dabrera, Gavin, Ellaby, Nicholas, Gallagher, Eileen, Groves, Natalie, Harrison, Ian, Hartman, Hassan, Hopes, Richard, Hubb, Jonathan, Hutchings, Stephanie, Lackenby, Angie, Ledesma, Juan, Lee, David, Manesis, Nikos, Manso, Carmen, Mbisa, Tamyo, Miah, Shahjahan, Muir, Peter, Osman, Husam, Patel, Vineet, Pearson, Clare, Platt, Steven, Pymont, Hannah M., Ramsay, Mary, Robinson, Esther, Schaefer, Ulf, Thornton, Alicia, Twohig, Katherine A., Vipond, Ian B., Williams, David, Aigrain, Louise, Alderton, Alex, Amato, Roberto, Ariani, Cristina V., Barrett, Jeff, Bassett, Andrew R., Beale, Mathew A., Beaver, Charlotte, Bellis, Katherine L., Betteridge, Emma, Bonfield, James, Bronner, Iraad F., Chapman, Michael H. S., Danesh, John, Davies, Robert, Dorman, Matthew J., Drury, Eleanor, Durham, Jillian, Farr, Ben W., Foulser, Luke, Goncalves, Sonia, Goodwin, Scott, Gourtovaia, Marina, Jackson, David K., James, Keith, Jamrozy, Dorota, Johnston, Ian, Kane, Leanne, Kay, Sally, Keatley, Jon-Paul, Kwiatkowski, Dominic, Langford, Cordelia F., Lawniczak, Mara, Lensing, Stefanie V., Leonard, Steven, Letchford, Laura, Lewis, Kevin, Liddle, Jennifier, Livett, Rich, Lo, Stephanie, Makunin, Alex, Martincorena, Inigo, McCarthy, Shane, McGuigan, Samantha, Moll, Robin J., Nelson, Rachel, Oliver, Karen, Palmer, Steve, Park, Naomi R., Patel, Minal, Prestwood, Liam, Puethe, Christoph, Quail, Michael A., Rajan, Diana, Rajatileka, Shavanthi, Redshaw, Nicholas M., Scott, Carol, Shirley, Lesley, Sillitoe, John, Thurston, Scott A. J., Tonkin-Hill, Gerry, Tovar-Corona, Jaime M., Weldon, Danni, Whitwham, Andrew, Attwood, Stephen W., Zamudio, Marina Escalera, Francois, Sarah, Gutierrez, Bernardo, Kraemer, Moritz U. G., Raghwani, Jayna, Vasylyeva, Tetyana I., Zarebski, Alex E., Alikhan, Nabil-Fareed, Aydin, Alp, Baker, David J., de Oliveira Martins, Leonardo, Kay, Gemma L., Le-Viet, Thanh, Mather, Alison E., Meadows, Lizzie, O’Grady, Justin, Rudder, Steven, Trotter, Alexander J., Illingworth, Chris J., Jackson, Chris, Aranday-Cortes, Elihu, Asamaphan, Patawee, Broos, Alice, Carmichael, Stephen N., da Silva Filipe, Ana, Hughes, Joseph, Jesudason, Natasha G., Johnson, Natasha, Li, Kathy K., Mair, Daniel, Nichols, Jenna, Nickbakhsh, Seema, Niebel, Marc O., Nomikou, Kyriaki, Orton, Richard J., Robertson, David L., Shah, Rajiv N., Shepherd, James G., Singer, Joshua B., Starinskij, Igor, Thomson, Emma C., Tong, Lily, Vattipally, Sreenu, Ash, Amy, Koshy, Cherian, Cortes, Nick, Kidd, Stephen, Lynch, Jessica, Moore, Nathan, Mori, Matilde, Wise, Emma, Curran, Tanya, Fairley, Derek J., McKenna, James P., Adams, Helen, Bonsall, David, Fraser, Christophe, Golubchik, Tanya, Cogger, Benjamin J., Hassan-Ibrahim, Mohammed O., Malone, Cassandra S., Reynolds, Nicola, Wantoch, Michelle, Afifi, Safiah, Beer, Robert, John, Michaela, Maksimovic, Joshua, McCluggage, Kathryn, Morgan, Sian, Spellman, Karla, Bresner, Catherine, Connor, Thomas R., Fuller, William, Guest, Martyn, Gulliver, Huw, Kitchen, Christine, Marchbank, Angela, Merrick, Ian, Munn, Robert, Price, Anna, Southgate, Joel, Workman, Trudy, Patel, Amita, Snell, Luke B., Batra, Rahul, Charalampous, Themoula, Edgeworth, Jonathan, Nebbia, Gaia, Beckett, Angela H., Robson, Samuel C., Aanensen, David M., Abudahab, Khalil, Menegazzo, Mirko, Taylor, Ben E. W., Underwood, Anthony P., Yeats, Corin A., Berry, Louise, Boswell, Tim, Clark, Gemma, Fleming, Vicki M., Howson-Wells, Hannah C., Jones, Carl, Joseph, Amelia, Khakh, Manjinder, Lister, Michelle M., Smith, Wendy, Willingham, Iona, Bird, Paul, Fallon, Karlie, Helmer, Thomas, Holmes, Christopher, Tang, Julian, Blakey, Victoria, Campbell, Sharon, Raviprakash, Veena, Sheriff, Nicola, Williams, Lesley-Anne, Carlile, Matthew, Debebe, Johnny, Holmes, Nadine, Loose, Matthew W., Moore, Christopher, Sang, Fei, Wright, Victoria, Coll, Francesc, Betancor, Gilberto, Signell, Adrian W., Wilson, Harry D., Davis, Thomas, Eldirdiri, Sahar, Kenyon, Anita, Torok, M. Estee, Lowe, Hannah, Moses, Samuel, Bedford, Luke, Moore, Jonathan, Stonehouse, Susanne, Awan, Ali R., Fisher, Chloe L., BoYes, John, Atkinson, Laura, Breuer, Judith, Brown, Julianne R., Harris, Kathryn A., Lee, Jack C. D., Shah, Divya, Storey, Nathaniel, Flaviani, Flavia, Alcolea-Medina, Adela, Vernet, Gabrielle, Williams, Rebecca, Chapman, Michael R., Chatterton, Wendy, Heaney, Judith, Levett, Lisa J., Pusok, Monika, Xu-McCrae, Li, Bashton, Matthew, Smith, Darren, Young, Greg, Bolt, Frances, Cox, Alison, Holmes, Alison, Madona, Pinglawathee, Mookerjee, Siddharth, Price, James, Randell, Paul A., Boyd, Olivia, Nascimento, Fabricia F., Geidelberg, Lily, Johnson, Rob, Jorgensen, David, Ragonnet-Cronin, Manon, Rowan, Aileen, Siveroni, Igor, Taylor, Graham P., Volz, Erik M., Smollett, Katherine L., Loman, Nicholas J., McMurray, Claire, McNally, Alan, Nicholls, Sam, Poplawski, Radoslaw, Quick, Joshua, Rowe, Will, Stockton, Joanne, Nunez, Rocio T. Martinez, Breen, Cassie, Cowell, Angela, Mason, Jenifer, O’Toole, Elaine, Robinson, Trevor I., Watts, Joanne, Sluga, Graciela, Ahmad, Shazaad S. Y., George, Ryan P., Machin, Nicholas W., Halstead, Fenella, Hogsden, Wendy, Sivaprakasam, Venkat, Carden, Holli, Hale, Antony D., Harper, Katherine L., Macfarlane-Smith, Louissa R., Burton-Fanning, Shirelle, Collins, Jennifer, Eltringham, Gary, Payne, Brendan AI., Taha, Yusri, Waugh, Sheila, O’Brien, Sarah, Rushton, Steven, Blacow, Rachel, Bradley, Amanda, Maclean, Alasdair, Mollett, Guy, Dewar, Rebecca, McHugh, Martin P., Templeton, Kate E., Wastenge, Elizabeth, Coupland, Lindsay, Dervisevic, Samir, Meader, Emma J., Stanley, Rachael, Smith, Louise, Barton, Edward, Graham, Clive, Padgett, Debra, Scott, Garren, Greenaway, Jane, Swindells, Emma, McCann, Clare, Nelson, Andrew, Yew, Wen Chyin, Andersson, Monique, Crook, Derrick, Eyre, David, Justice, Anita, Peto, Timothy, Duckworth, Nichola, Sloan, Tim J., Walsh, Sarah, Bicknell, Kelly, Chauhan, Anoop J., Elliott, Scott, Glaysher, Sharon, Impey, Robert, Lloyd, Allyson, Wyllie, Sarah, Levene, Nick, Monaghan, Lynn, Bradley, Declan T., Wyatt, Tim, Curran, Martin D., Parmar, Surendra, Holden, Matthew T. G., Shaaban, Sharif, Adams, Alexander, Asad, Hibo, Birchley, Alec, Bull, Matthew, Coombes, Jason, Corden, Sally, Cottrell, Simon, Craine, Noel, Cronin, Michelle, Davies, Alisha, Lacy, Elen De, Downing, Fatima, Edwards, Sue, Evans, Johnathan M., Fina, Laia, Gaskin, Amy, Gatica-Wilcox, Bree, Gifford, Laura, Gilbert, Lauren, Graham, Lee, Heyburn, David, Hilvers, Ember, Howe, Robin, Jones, Hannah, Jones, Rachel, Jones, Sophie, Kumziene-SummerhaYes, Sara, McKerr, Caoimhe, Moore, Catherine, Morgan, Mari, Pacchiarini, Nicole, Perry, Malorie, Plimmer, Amy, Rey, Sara, Shankar, Giri, Taylor, Sarah, Watkins, Joanne, Williams, Chris, Casey, Anna, Ratcliffe, Liz, Acheson, Erwan, Molnar, Zoltan, Simpson, David A., Thompson, Thomas, Auckland, Cressida, Ellard, Sian, Jones, Christopher R., Knight, Bridget A., Masoli, Jane A. H., Haque, Tanzina, Hart, Jennifer, Irish-Tavares, Dianne, Mahungu, Tabitha W., Witele, Eric, Dadrah, Ashok, Fenton, Melisa L., Saluja, Tranprit, Symmonds, Amanda, Bourgeois, Yann, Scarlett, Garry P., Cook, Kate, Dent, Hannah, Fearn, Christopher, Goudarzi, Salman, Loveson, Katie F., Paul, Hannah, Evans, Cariad, Johnson, Kate, Partridge, David G., Raza, Mohammad, Baker, Paul, Bonner, Stephen, Essex, Sarah, Liggett, Steven, Lyons, Ronan A., Mahanama, Adhyana I. K., Saeed, Kordo, Samaraweera, Buddhini, Silveira, Siona, Wilson-Davies, Eleri, Emanuela, P., Bayzid, Nadua, Cotic, Marius, Ensell, Leah, Hartley, John A., Jannoo, Riaz, Karamani, Angeliki, Kristiansen, Mark, Lowe, Helen L., Roy, Sunando, Westhorpe, Adam P., Williams, Rachel J., Williams, Charlotte A., Jeremiah, Sarah, Prieto, Jacqui A., Berry, Lisa, Grammatopoulos, Dimitris, Jones, Katie, Pandey, Sarojini, Beggs, Andrew, Richter, Alex, Ashcroft, Fiona, Best, Angus, Crawford, Liam, Cumley, Nicola, Mayhew, Megan, Megram, Oliver, Mirza, Jeremy, Moles-Garcia, Emma, Percival, Benita, Bucca, Giselda, Hesketh, Andrew R., Smith, Colin P., Davidson, Rose K., Balcazar, Carlos E., Gallagher, Michael D., O’Toole, Áine, Rambaut, Andrew, Rooke, Stefan, Stanton, Thomas D., Williams, Thomas, Williamson, Kathleen A., Bewshea, Claire M., Farbos, Audrey, Harrison, James W., Jeffries, Aaron R., Manley, Robin, Michell, Stephen L., Michelsen, Michelle L., Sambles, Christine M., Studholme, David J., Temperton, Ben, Warwick-Dugdale, Joanna, Darby, Alistair C., Eccles, Richard, Gemmell, Matthew, Gregory, Richard, Haldenby, Sam T., Hiscox, Julian A., Hughes, Margaret, Iturriza-Gomara, Miren, Jackson, Kathryn A., Lucaci, Anita O., Nelson, Charlotte, Paterson, Steve, Rainbow, Lucille, Turtle, Lance, Vamos, Edith E., Webster, Hermione J., Whitehead, Mark, Wierzbicki, Claudia, Angyal, Adrienn, Brown, Rebecca, de Silva, Thushan I., Freeman, Timothy M., Gallis, Marta, Green, Luke R., Groves, Danielle C., Keeley, Alexander J., Lindsey, Benjamin B., Louka, Stavroula F., Parker, Matthew D., Parsons, Paul J., Smith, Nikki, Tucker, Rachel M., Wang, Dennis, Whiteley, Max, Wyles, Matthew, Zhang, Peijun, Alam, Mohammad T., Baxter, Laura, Bridgewater, Hannah E., Brown, Paul E., Cheng, Jeffrey K. J., Constantinidou, Chrystala, Frost, Lucy R., Ott, Sascha, Stark, Richard, Taylor-Joyce, Grace, Unnikrishnan, Meera, Cerda, Alberto C., Merrill, Tammy V., Wilson, Rebekah E., Ball, Jonathan, Chappell, Joseph G., McClure, Patrick C., Tsoleridis, Theocharis, Buck, David, de Cesare, Mariateresa, Green, Angie, MacIntyre-Cockett, George, Todd, John A., Trebes, Amy, Gunson, Rory N., Cormie, Claire, Dias, Joana, Forrest, Sally, Gill, Harmeet K., Higginson, Ellen E., Kermack, Leanne M., Maes, Mailis, Ruis, Chris, Sridhar, Sushmita, Young, Jamie, Howes, Rob, McFarlane, Duncan, Dougan, Gordon, Pybus, Oliver G., Maxwell, Patrick H., Weekes, Michael P., Illingworth, Chris, Harrison, Ewan M., Matheson, Nicholas J., Goodfellow, Ian G., The Cambridge Covid-19 testing Centre, University of Cambridge Asymptomatic COVID-19 Screening Programm, The COVID-19 Genomics UK (COG-UK) Consortium, Aggarwal, Dinesh [0000-0002-5938-8172], Warne, Ben [0000-0003-1326-0373], Hill, Verity [0000-0002-3509-8146], Pinckert, Malte [0000-0002-6072-5949], Leek, Danielle [0000-0001-5367-3354], Pybus, Oliver [0000-0001-6619-6112], Weekes, Michael [0000-0002-0030-2784], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, Jahun, Aminu S [0000-0002-4585-1701], Hamilton, William L [0000-0002-3330-353X], du Plessis, Louis [0000-0003-0352-6289], Blane, Beth [0000-0002-0996-9091], Wright, Elizabeth [0000-0002-8378-9072], Hall, Grant [0000-0003-3928-3979], Chaudhry, Yasmin [0000-0002-2386-3269], Pinckert, Malte L [0000-0002-6072-5949], Izuagbe, Rhys [0000-0001-8080-2510], Nsonwu, Olisaeloka [0000-0002-3024-700X], Hughes, Gareth J [0000-0002-3781-0117], Packer, Simon [0000-0002-9157-3650], Page, Andrew J [0000-0001-6919-6062], Metaxaki, Marina [0000-0002-4552-1622], Weale, Gillian [0000-0003-4728-5915], Brown, Christopher A [0000-0001-7773-0878], Peacock, Sharon J [0000-0002-1718-2782], Pybus, Oliver G [0000-0002-8797-2667], Weekes, Michael P [0000-0003-3196-5545], Harrison, Ewan M [0000-0003-2720-0507], Matheson, Nicholas J [0000-0002-3318-1851], Goodfellow, Ian G [0000-0002-9483-510X], Jahun, Aminu [0000-0002-4585-1701], Hosmillo, Myra [0000-0002-3514-7681], McFarlane, Duncan [0000-0002-1558-7823], Dougan, Gordon [0000-0003-0022-965X], Peacock, Sharon [0000-0002-1718-2782], Weekes, Michael [0000-0003-3196-5545], Illingworth, Christopher [0000-0002-0030-2784], Harrison, Ewan [0000-0003-2720-0507], Matheson, Nicholas [0000-0002-3318-1851], and Goodfellow, Ian [0000-0002-9483-510X]

Subjects
Universities, 631/326/325/2483, Science, education, University of Cambridge Asymptomatic COVID-19 Screening Programme Consortium, General Physics and Astronomy, Cambridge Covid-19 testing Centre, 45/23, Genome, Viral, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, COVID-19 Genomics UK (COG-UK) Consortium, Risk Factors, The COVID-19 Genomics UK (COG-UK) Consortium, Humans, Students, Phylogeny, 631/326/596/4130, Multidisciplinary, SARS-CoV-2, article, COVID-19, virus diseases, C500, General Chemistry, Genomics, C700, 692/700/478/174, United Kingdom, The Cambridge Covid-19 testing Centre, RNA, Viral, 631/326/596/2562, Contact Tracing, 631/326/596/2563
Abstract

Understanding SARS-CoV-2 transmission in higher education settings is important to limit spread between students, and into at-risk populations. In this study, we sequenced 482 SARS-CoV-2 isolates from the University of Cambridge from 5 October to 6 December 2020. We perform a detailed phylogenetic comparison with 972 isolates from the surrounding community, complemented with epidemiological and contact tracing data, to determine transmission dynamics. We observe limited viral introductions into the university; the majority of student cases were linked to a single genetic cluster, likely following social gatherings at a venue outside the university. We identify considerable onward transmission associated with student accommodation and courses; this was effectively contained using local infection control measures and following a national lockdown. Transmission clusters were largely segregated within the university or the community. Our study highlights key determinants of SARS-CoV-2 transmission and effective interventions in a higher education setting that will inform public health policy during pandemics., Nature Communications, 13, ISSN:2041-1723

Published
2022

7. Hospital admission and emergency care attendance risk for SARS-CoV-2 delta (B.1.617.2) compared with alpha (B.1.1.7) variants of concern: a cohort study

Author

Twohig, Katherine A, primary, Nyberg, Tommy, additional, Zaidi, Asad, additional, Thelwall, Simon, additional, Sinnathamby, Mary A, additional, Aliabadi, Shirin, additional, Seaman, Shaun R, additional, Harris, Ross J, additional, Hope, Russell, additional, Lopez-Bernal, Jamie, additional, Gallagher, Eileen, additional, Charlett, Andre, additional, De Angelis, Daniela, additional, Presanis, Anne M, additional, Dabrera, Gavin, additional, Koshy, Cherian, additional, Ash, Amy, additional, Wise, Emma, additional, Moore, Nathan, additional, Mori, Matilde, additional, Cortes, Nick, additional, Lynch, Jessica, additional, Kidd, Stephen, additional, Fairley, Derek, additional, Curran, Tanya, additional, McKenna, James, additional, Adams, Helen, additional, Fraser, Christophe, additional, Golubchik, Tanya, additional, Bonsall, David, additional, Hassan-Ibrahim, Mohammed, additional, Malone, Cassandra, additional, Cogger, Benjamin, additional, Wantoch, Michelle, additional, Reynolds, Nicola, additional, Warne, Ben, additional, Maksimovic, Joshua, additional, Spellman, Karla, additional, McCluggage, Kathryn, additional, John, Michaela, additional, Beer, Robert, additional, Afifi, Safiah, additional, Morgan, Sian, additional, Marchbank, Angela, additional, Price, Anna, additional, Kitchen, Christine, additional, Gulliver, Huw, additional, Merrick, Ian, additional, Southgate, Joel, additional, Guest, Martyn, additional, Munn, Robert, additional, Workman, Trudy, additional, Connor, Thomas, additional, Fuller, William, additional, Bresner, Catherine, additional, Snell, Luke, additional, Patel, Amita, additional, Charalampous, Themoula, additional, Nebbia, Gaia, additional, Batra, Rahul, additional, Edgeworth, Jonathan, additional, Robson, Samuel, additional, Beckett, Angela, additional, Aanensen, David, additional, Underwood, Anthony, additional, Yeats, Corin, additional, Abudahab, Khalil, additional, Taylor, Ben, additional, Menegazzo, Mirko, additional, Clark, Gemma, additional, Smith, Wendy, additional, Khakh, Manjinder, additional, Fleming, Vicki, additional, Lister, Michelle, additional, Howson-Wells, Hannah, additional, Berry, Louise, additional, Boswell, Tim, additional, Joseph, Amelia, additional, Willingham, Iona, additional, Jones, Carl, additional, Holmes, Christopher, additional, Bird, Paul, additional, Helmer, Thomas, additional, Fallon, Karlie, additional, Tang, Julian, additional, Raviprakash, Veena, additional, Campbell, Sharon, additional, Sheriff, Nicola, additional, Blakey, Victoria, additional, Williams, Lesley-Anne, additional, Loose, Matthew, additional, Holmes, Nadine, additional, Moore, Christopher, additional, Carlile, Matthew, additional, Wright, Victoria, additional, Sang, Fei, additional, Debebe, Johnny, additional, Coll, Francesc, additional, Signell, Adrian, additional, Betancor, Gilberto, additional, Wilson, Harry, additional, Eldirdiri, Sahar, additional, Kenyon, Anita, additional, Davis, Thomas, additional, Pybus, Oliver, additional, du Plessis, Louis, additional, Zarebski, Alex, additional, Raghwani, Jayna, additional, Kraemer, Moritz, additional, Francois, Sarah, additional, Attwood, Stephen, additional, Vasylyeva, Tetyana, additional, Escalera Zamudio, Marina, additional, Gutierrez, Bernardo, additional, Torok, M. Estee, additional, Hamilton, William, additional, Goodfellow, Ian, additional, Hall, Grant, additional, Jahun, Aminu, additional, Chaudhry, Yasmin, additional, Hosmillo, Myra, additional, Pinckert, Malte, additional, Georgana, Iliana, additional, Moses, Samuel, additional, Lowe, Hannah, additional, Bedford, Luke, additional, Moore, Jonathan, additional, Stonehouse, Susanne, additional, Fisher, Chloe, additional, Awan, Ali, additional, BoYes, John, additional, Breuer, Judith, additional, Harris, Kathryn, additional, Brown, Julianne, additional, Shah, Divya, additional, Atkinson, Laura, additional, Lee, Jack, additional, Storey, Nathaniel, additional, Flaviani, Flavia, additional, Alcolea-Medina, Adela, additional, Williams, Rebecca, additional, Vernet, Gabrielle, additional, Chapman, Michael, additional, Levett, Lisa, additional, Heaney, Judith, additional, Chatterton, Wendy, additional, Pusok, Monika, additional, Xu-McCrae, Li, additional, Smith, Darren, additional, Bashton, Matthew, additional, Young, Gregory, additional, Holmes, Alison, additional, Randell, Paul, additional, Cox, Alison, additional, Madona, Pinglawathee, additional, Bolt, Frances, additional, Price, James, additional, Mookerjee, Siddharth, additional, Ragonnet-Cronin, Manon, additional, F. Nascimento, Fabricia, additional, Jorgensen, David, additional, Siveroni, Igor, additional, Johnson, Rob, additional, Boyd, Olivia, additional, Geidelberg, Lily, additional, Volz, Erik, additional, Rowan, Aileen, additional, Taylor, Graham, additional, Smollett, Katherine, additional, Loman, Nicholas, additional, Quick, Joshua, additional, McMurray, Claire, additional, Stockton, Joanne, additional, Nicholls, Sam, additional, Rowe, Will, additional, Poplawski, Radoslaw, additional, McNally, Alan, additional, Martinez Nunez, Rocio, additional, Mason, Jenifer, additional, Robinson, Trevor, additional, O'Toole, Elaine, additional, Watts, Joanne, additional, Breen, Cassie, additional, Cowell, Angela, additional, Sluga, Graciela, additional, Machin, Nicholas, additional, Ahmad, Shazaad, additional, George, Ryan, additional, Halstead, Fenella, additional, Sivaprakasam, Venkat, additional, Hogsden, Wendy, additional, Illingworth, Chris, additional, Jackson, Chris, additional, Thomson, Emma, additional, Shepherd, James, additional, Asamaphan, Patawee, additional, Niebel, Marc, additional, Li, Kathy, additional, Shah, Rajiv, additional, Jesudason, Natasha, additional, Tong, Lily, additional, Broos, Alice, additional, Mair, Daniel, additional, Nichols, Jenna, additional, Carmichael, Stephen, additional, Nomikou, Kyriaki, additional, Aranday-Cortes, Elihu, additional, Johnson, Natasha, additional, Starinskij, Igor, additional, da Silva Filipe, Ana, additional, Robertson, David, additional, Orton, Richard, additional, Hughes, Joseph, additional, Vattipally, Sreenu, additional, Singer, Joshua, additional, Nickbakhsh, Seema, additional, Hale, Antony, additional, Macfarlane-Smith, Louissa, additional, Harper, Katherine, additional, Carden, Holli, additional, Taha, Yusri, additional, Payne, Brendan, additional, Burton-Fanning, Shirelle, additional, Waugh, Sheila, additional, Collins, Jennifer, additional, Eltringham, Gary, additional, Rushton, Steven, additional, O'Brien, Sarah, additional, Bradley, Amanda, additional, Maclean, Alasdair, additional, Mollett, Guy, additional, Blacow, Rachel, additional, Templeton, Kate, additional, McHugh, Martin, additional, Dewar, Rebecca, additional, Wastenge, Elizabeth, additional, Dervisevic, Samir, additional, Stanley, Rachael, additional, Meader, Emma, additional, Coupland, Lindsay, additional, Smith, Louise, additional, Graham, Clive, additional, Barton, Edward, additional, Padgett, Debra, additional, Scott, Garren, additional, Swindells, Emma, additional, Greenaway, Jane, additional, Nelson, Andrew, additional, McCann, Clare, additional, Yew, Wen, additional, Andersson, Monique, additional, Peto, Timothy, additional, Justice, Anita, additional, Eyre, David, additional, Crook, Derrick, additional, Sloan, Tim, additional, Duckworth, Nichola, additional, Walsh, Sarah, additional, Chauhan, Anoop, additional, Glaysher, Sharon, additional, Bicknell, Kelly, additional, Wyllie, Sarah, additional, Elliott, Scott, additional, Lloyd, Allyson, additional, Impey, Robert, additional, Levene, Nick, additional, Monaghan, Lynn, additional, Bradley, Declan, additional, Wyatt, Tim, additional, Allara, Elias, additional, Pearson, Clare, additional, Osman, Husam, additional, Bosworth, Andrew, additional, Robinson, Esther, additional, Muir, Peter, additional, Vipond, Ian, additional, Hopes, Richard, additional, Pymont, Hannah, additional, Hutchings, Stephanie, additional, Curran, Martin, additional, Parmar, Surendra, additional, Lackenby, Angie, additional, Mbisa, Tamyo, additional, Platt, Steven, additional, Miah, Shahjahan, additional, Bibby, David, additional, Manso, Carmen, additional, Hubb, Jonathan, additional, Chand, Meera, additional, Ramsay, Mary, additional, Bradshaw, Daniel, additional, Thornton, Alicia, additional, Myers, Richard, additional, Schaefer, Ulf, additional, Groves, Natalie, additional, Lee, David, additional, Williams, David, additional, Ellaby, Nicholas, additional, Harrison, Ian, additional, Hartman, Hassan, additional, Manesis, Nikos, additional, Patel, Vineet, additional, Bishop, Chloe, additional, Chalker, Vicki, additional, Ledesma, Juan, additional, Twohig, Katherine, additional, Holden, Matthew, additional, Shaaban, Sharif, additional, Birchley, Alec, additional, Adams, Alexander, additional, Davies, Alisha, additional, Gaskin, Amy, additional, Plimmer, Amy, additional, Gatica-Wilcox, Bree, additional, McKerr, Caoimhe, additional, Moore, Catherine, additional, Williams, Chris, additional, Heyburn, David, additional, De Lacy, Elen, additional, Hilvers, Ember, additional, Downing, Fatima, additional, Shankar, Giri, additional, Jones, Hannah, additional, Asad, Hibo, additional, Coombes, Jason, additional, Watkins, Joanne, additional, Evans, Johnathan, additional, Fina, Laia, additional, Gifford, Laura, additional, Gilbert, Lauren, additional, Graham, Lee, additional, Perry, Malorie, additional, Morgan, Mari, additional, Bull, Matthew, additional, Cronin, Michelle, additional, Pacchiarini, Nicole, additional, Craine, Noel, additional, Jones, Rachel, additional, Howe, Robin, additional, Corden, Sally, additional, Rey, Sara, additional, Kumziene-SummerhaYes, Sara, additional, Taylor, Sarah, additional, Cottrell, Simon, additional, Jones, Sophie, additional, Edwards, Sue, additional, O'Grady, Justin, additional, Page, Andrew, additional, Mather, Alison, additional, Baker, David, additional, Rudder, Steven, additional, Aydin, Alp, additional, Kay, Gemma, additional, Trotter, Alexander, additional, Alikhan, Nabil-Fareed, additional, de Oliveira Martins, Leonardo, additional, Le-Viet, Thanh, additional, Meadows, Lizzie, additional, Casey, Anna, additional, Ratcliffe, Liz, additional, Simpson, David, additional, Molnar, Zoltan, additional, Thompson, Thomas, additional, Acheson, Erwan, additional, Masoli, Jane, additional, Knight, Bridget, additional, Ellard, Sian, additional, Auckland, Cressida, additional, Jones, Christopher, additional, Mahungu, Tabitha, additional, Irish-Tavares, Dianne, additional, Haque, Tanzina, additional, Hart, Jennifer, additional, Witele, Eric, additional, Fenton, Melisa, additional, Dadrah, Ashok, additional, Symmonds, Amanda, additional, Saluja, Tranprit, additional, Bourgeois, Yann, additional, Scarlett, Garry, additional, Loveson, Katie, additional, Goudarzi, Salman, additional, Fearn, Christopher, additional, Cook, Kate, additional, Dent, Hannah, additional, Paul, Hannah, additional, Partridge, David, additional, Raza, Mohammad, additional, Evans, Cariad, additional, Johnson, Kate, additional, Liggett, Steven, additional, Baker, Paul, additional, Bonner, Stephen, additional, Essex, Sarah, additional, Lyons, Ronan, additional, Saeed, Kordo, additional, Mahanama, Adhyana, additional, Samaraweera, Buddhini, additional, Silveira, Siona, additional, Pelosi, Emanuela, additional, Wilson-Davies, Eleri, additional, Williams, Rachel, additional, Kristiansen, Mark, additional, Roy, Sunando, additional, Williams, Charlotte, additional, Cotic, Marius, additional, Bayzid, Nadua, additional, Westhorpe, Adam, additional, Hartley, John, additional, Jannoo, Riaz, additional, Lowe, Helen, additional, Karamani, Angeliki, additional, Ensell, Leah, additional, Prieto, Jacqui, additional, Jeremiah, Sarah, additional, Grammatopoulos, Dimitris, additional, Pandey, Sarojini, additional, Berry, Lisa, additional, Jones, Katie, additional, Richter, Alex, additional, Beggs, Andrew, additional, Best, Angus, additional, Percival, Benita, additional, Mirza, Jeremy, additional, Megram, Oliver, additional, Mayhew, Megan, additional, Crawford, Liam, additional, Ashcroft, Fiona, additional, Moles-Garcia, Emma, additional, Cumley, Nicola, additional, Smith, Colin, additional, Bucca, Giselda, additional, Hesketh, Andrew, additional, Blane, Beth, additional, Girgis, Sophia, additional, Leek, Danielle, additional, Sridhar, Sushmita, additional, Forrest, Sally, additional, Cormie, Claire, additional, Gill, Harmeet, additional, Dias, Joana, additional, Higginson, Ellen, additional, Maes, Mailis, additional, Young, Jamie, additional, Kermack, Leanne, additional, Gupta, Ravi, additional, Ludden, Catherine, additional, Peacock, Sharon, additional, Palmer, Sophie, additional, Churcher, Carol, additional, Hadjirin, Nazreen, additional, Carabelli, Alessandro, additional, Brooks, Ellena, additional, Smith, Kim, additional, Galai, Katerina, additional, McManus, Georgina, additional, Ruis, Chris, additional, Davidson, Rose, additional, Rambaut, Andrew, additional, Williams, Thomas, additional, Balcazar, Carlos, additional, Gallagher, Michael, additional, O'Toole, Áine, additional, Rooke, Stefan, additional, Hill, Verity, additional, Williamson, Kathleen, additional, Stanton, Thomas, additional, Michell, Stephen, additional, Bewshea, Claire, additional, Temperton, Ben, additional, Michelsen, Michelle, additional, Warwick-Dugdale, Joanna, additional, Manley, Robin, additional, Farbos, Audrey, additional, Harrison, James, additional, Sambles, Christine, additional, Studholme, David, additional, Jeffries, Aaron, additional, Jackson, Leigh, additional, Darby, Alistair, additional, Hiscox, Julian, additional, Paterson, Steve, additional, Iturriza-Gomara, Miren, additional, Jackson, Kathryn, additional, Lucaci, Anita, additional, Vamos, Edith, additional, Hughes, Margaret, additional, Rainbow, Lucille, additional, Eccles, Richard, additional, Nelson, Charlotte, additional, Whitehead, Mark, additional, Turtle, Lance, additional, Haldenby, Sam, additional, Gregory, Richard, additional, Gemmell, Matthew, additional, Wierzbicki, Claudia, additional, Webster, Hermione, additional, de Silva, Thushan, additional, Smith, Nikki, additional, Angyal, Adrienn, additional, Lindsey, Benjamin, additional, Groves, Danielle, additional, Green, Luke, additional, Wang, Dennis, additional, Freeman, Timothy, additional, Parker, Matthew, additional, Keeley, Alexander, additional, Parsons, Paul, additional, Tucker, Rachel, additional, Brown, Rebecca, additional, Wyles, Matthew, additional, Whiteley, Max, additional, Zhang, Peijun, additional, Gallis, Marta, additional, Louka, Stavroula, additional, Constantinidou, Chrystala, additional, Unnikrishnan, Meera, additional, Ott, Sascha, additional, Cheng, Jeffrey, additional, Bridgewater, Hannah, additional, Frost, Lucy, additional, Taylor-Joyce, Grace, additional, Stark, Richard, additional, Baxter, Laura, additional, Alam, Mohammad, additional, Brown, Paul, additional, Aggarwal, Dinesh, additional, Cerda, Alberto, additional, Merrill, Tammy, additional, Wilson, Rebekah, additional, McClure, Patrick, additional, Chappell, Joseph, additional, Tsoleridis, Theocharis, additional, Ball, Jonathan, additional, Buck, David, additional, Todd, John, additional, Green, Angie, additional, Trebes, Amy, additional, MacIntyre-Cockett, George, additional, de Cesare, Mariateresa, additional, Alderton, Alex, additional, Amato, Roberto, additional, Ariani, Cristina, additional, Beale, Mathew, additional, Beaver, Charlotte, additional, Bellis, Katherine, additional, Betteridge, Emma, additional, Bonfield, James, additional, Danesh, John, additional, Dorman, Matthew, additional, Drury, Eleanor, additional, Farr, Ben, additional, Foulser, Luke, additional, Goncalves, Sonia, additional, Goodwin, Scott, additional, Gourtovaia, Marina, additional, Harrison, Ewan, additional, Jackson, David, additional, Jamrozy, Dorota, additional, Johnston, Ian, additional, Kane, Leanne, additional, Kay, Sally, additional, Keatley, Jon-Paul, additional, Kwiatkowski, Dominic, additional, Langford, Cordelia, additional, Lawniczak, Mara, additional, Letchford, Laura, additional, Livett, Rich, additional, Lo, Stephanie, additional, Martincorena, Inigo, additional, McGuigan, Samantha, additional, Nelson, Rachel, additional, Palmer, Steve, additional, Park, Naomi, additional, Patel, Minal, additional, Prestwood, Liam, additional, Puethe, Christoph, additional, Quail, Michael, additional, Rajatileka, Shavanthi, additional, Scott, Carol, additional, Shirley, Lesley, additional, Sillitoe, John, additional, Spencer Chapman, Michael, additional, Thurston, Scott, additional, Tonkin-Hill, Gerry, additional, Weldon, Danni, additional, Rajan, Diana, additional, Bronner, Iraad, additional, Aigrain, Louise, additional, Redshaw, Nicholas, additional, Lensing, Stefanie, additional, Davies, Robert, additional, Whitwham, Andrew, additional, Liddle, Jennifier, additional, Lewis, Kevin, additional, Tovar-Corona, Jaime, additional, Leonard, Steven, additional, Durham, Jillian, additional, Bassett, Andrew, additional, McCarthy, Shane, additional, Moll, Robin, additional, James, Keith, additional, Oliver, Karen, additional, Makunin, Alex, additional, Barrett, Jeff, additional, and Gunson, Rory, additional

Published
2022
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8. Genetic epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 transmission in renal dialysis units - A high risk community-hospital interface

Author

Li, Kathy K, Woo, Y Mun, Stirrup, Oliver, Hughes, Joseph, Ho, Antonia, Filipe, Ana Da Silva, Johnson, Natasha, Smollett, Katherine, Mair, Daniel, Carmichael, Stephen, Tong, Lily, Nichols, Jenna, Aranday-Cortes, Elihu, Brunker, Kirstyn, Parr, Yasmin A, Nomikou, Kyriaki, McDonald, Sarah E, Niebel, Marc, Asamaphan, Patawee, Sreenu, Vattipally B, Robertson, David L, Taggart, Aislynn, Jesudason, Natasha, Shah, Rajiv, Shepherd, James, Singer, Josh, Taylor, Alison HM, Cousland, Zoe, Price, Jonathan, Lees, Jennifer S, Jones, Timothy PW, Lopez, Carlos Varon, MacLean, Alasdair, Starinskij, Igor, Gunson, Rory, Morris, Scott TW, Thomson, Peter C, Geddes, Colin C, Traynor, Jamie P, Breuer, Judith, Thomson, Emma C, Mark, Patrick B, and COVID-19 Genomics UK (COG-UK) consortium

Subjects
fungi
Abstract

OBJECTIVES: Patients requiring haemodialysis are at increased risk of serious illness with SARS-CoV-2 infection. To improve the understanding of transmission risks in six Scottish renal dialysis units, we utilised the rapid whole-genome sequencing data generated by the COG-UK consortium. METHODS: We combined geographical, temporal and genomic sequence data from the community and hospital to estimate the probability of infection originating from within the dialysis unit, the hospital or the community using Bayesian statistical modelling and compared these results to the details of epidemiological investigations. RESULTS: Of 671 patients, 60 (8.9%) became infected with SARS-CoV-2, of whom 16 (27%) died. Within-unit and community transmission were both evident and an instance of transmission from the wider hospital setting was also demonstrated. CONCLUSIONS: Near-real-time SARS-CoV-2 sequencing data can facilitate tailored infection prevention and control measures, which can be targeted at reducing risk in these settings.

Published
2021

9. Evaluating the Effects of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Mutation D614G on Transmissibility and Pathogenicity

Author

Volz, Erik, primary, Hill, Verity, additional, McCrone, John T., additional, Price, Anna, additional, Jorgensen, David, additional, O’Toole, Áine, additional, Southgate, Joel, additional, Johnson, Robert, additional, Jackson, Ben, additional, Nascimento, Fabricia F., additional, Rey, Sara M., additional, Nicholls, Samuel M., additional, Colquhoun, Rachel M., additional, da Silva Filipe, Ana, additional, Shepherd, James, additional, Pascall, David J., additional, Shah, Rajiv, additional, Jesudason, Natasha, additional, Li, Kathy, additional, Jarrett, Ruth, additional, Pacchiarini, Nicole, additional, Bull, Matthew, additional, Geidelberg, Lily, additional, Siveroni, Igor, additional, Goodfellow, Ian, additional, Loman, Nicholas J., additional, Pybus, Oliver G., additional, Robertson, David L., additional, Thomson, Emma C., additional, Rambaut, Andrew, additional, Connor, Thomas R., additional, Koshy, Cherian, additional, Wise, Emma, additional, Cortes, Nick, additional, Lynch, Jessica, additional, Kidd, Stephen, additional, Mori, Matilde, additional, Fairley, Derek J., additional, Curran, Tanya, additional, McKenna, James P., additional, Adams, Helen, additional, Fraser, Christophe, additional, Golubchik, Tanya, additional, Bonsall, David, additional, Moore, Catrin, additional, Caddy, Sarah L., additional, Khokhar, Fahad A., additional, Wantoch, Michelle, additional, Reynolds, Nicola, additional, Warne, Ben, additional, Maksimovic, Joshua, additional, Spellman, Karla, additional, McCluggage, Kathryn, additional, John, Michaela, additional, Beer, Robert, additional, Afifi, Safiah, additional, Morgan, Sian, additional, Marchbank, Angela, additional, Kitchen, Christine, additional, Gulliver, Huw, additional, Merrick, Ian, additional, Guest, Martyn, additional, Munn, Robert, additional, Workman, Trudy, additional, Fuller, William, additional, Bresner, Catherine, additional, Snell, Luke B., additional, Charalampous, Themoula, additional, Nebbia, Gaia, additional, Batra, Rahul, additional, Edgeworth, Jonathan, additional, Robson, Samuel C., additional, Beckett, Angela, additional, Loveson, Katie F., additional, Aanensen, David M., additional, Underwood, Anthony P., additional, Yeats, Corin A., additional, Abudahab, Khalil, additional, Taylor, Ben E.W., additional, Menegazzo, Mirko, additional, Clark, Gemma, additional, Smith, Wendy, additional, Khakh, Manjinder, additional, Fleming, Vicki M., additional, Lister, Michelle M., additional, Howson-Wells, Hannah C., additional, Berry, Louise, additional, Boswell, Tim, additional, Joseph, Amelia, additional, Willingham, Iona, additional, Bird, Paul, additional, Helmer, Thomas, additional, Fallon, Karlie, additional, Holmes, Christopher, additional, Tang, Julian, additional, Raviprakash, Veena, additional, Campbell, Sharon, additional, Sheriff, Nicola, additional, Loose, Matthew W., additional, Holmes, Nadine, additional, Moore, Christopher, additional, Carlile, Matthew, additional, Wright, Victoria, additional, Sang, Fei, additional, Debebe, Johnny, additional, Coll, Francesc, additional, Signell, Adrian W., additional, Betancor, Gilberto, additional, Wilson, Harry D., additional, Feltwell, Theresa, additional, Houldcroft, Charlotte J., additional, Eldirdiri, Sahar, additional, Kenyon, Anita, additional, Davis, Thomas, additional, Pybus, Oliver, additional, du Plessis, Louis, additional, Zarebski, Alex, additional, Raghwani, Jayna, additional, Kraemer, Moritz, additional, Francois, Sarah, additional, Attwood, Stephen, additional, Vasylyeva, Tetyana, additional, Torok, M. Estee, additional, Hamilton, William L., additional, Goodfellow, Ian G., additional, Hall, Grant, additional, Jahun, Aminu S., additional, Chaudhry, Yasmin, additional, Hosmillo, Myra, additional, Pinckert, Malte L., additional, Georgana, Iliana, additional, Yakovleva, Anna, additional, Meredith, Luke W., additional, Moses, Samuel, additional, Lowe, Hannah, additional, Ryan, Felicity, additional, Fisher, Chloe L., additional, Awan, Ali R., additional, Boyes, John, additional, Breuer, Judith, additional, Harris, Kathryn Ann, additional, Brown, Julianne Rose, additional, Shah, Divya, additional, Atkinson, Laura, additional, Lee, Jack C.D., additional, Alcolea-Medina, Adela, additional, Moore, Nathan, additional, Cortes, Nicholas, additional, Williams, Rebecca, additional, Chapman, Michael R., additional, Levett, Lisa J., additional, Heaney, Judith, additional, Smith, Darren L., additional, Bashton, Matthew, additional, Young, Gregory R., additional, Allan, John, additional, Loh, Joshua, additional, Randell, Paul A., additional, Cox, Alison, additional, Madona, Pinglawathee, additional, Holmes, Alison, additional, Bolt, Frances, additional, Price, James, additional, Mookerjee, Siddharth, additional, Rowan, Aileen, additional, Taylor, Graham P., additional, Ragonnet-Cronin, Manon, additional, Johnson, Rob, additional, Boyd, Olivia, additional, Volz, Erik M., additional, Brunker, Kirstyn, additional, Smollett, Katherine L., additional, Quick, Joshua, additional, McMurray, Claire, additional, Stockton, Joanne, additional, Nicholls, Sam, additional, Rowe, Will, additional, Poplawski, Radoslaw, additional, Martinez-Nunez, Rocio T., additional, Mason, Jenifer, additional, Robinson, Trevor I., additional, O'Toole, Elaine, additional, Watts, Joanne, additional, Breen, Cassie, additional, Cowell, Angela, additional, Ludden, Catherine, additional, Sluga, Graciela, additional, Machin, Nicholas W., additional, Ahmad, Shazaad S.Y., additional, George, Ryan P., additional, Halstead, Fenella, additional, Sivaprakasam, Venkat, additional, Shepherd, James G., additional, Asamaphan, Patawee, additional, Niebel, Marc O., additional, Li, Kathy K., additional, Shah, Rajiv N., additional, Jesudason, Natasha G., additional, Parr, Yasmin A., additional, Tong, Lily, additional, Broos, Alice, additional, Mair, Daniel, additional, Nichols, Jenna, additional, Carmichael, Stephen N., additional, Nomikou, Kyriaki, additional, Aranday-Cortes, Elihu, additional, Johnson, Natasha, additional, Starinskij, Igor, additional, Orton, Richard J., additional, Hughes, Joseph, additional, Vattipally, Sreenu, additional, Singer, Joshua B., additional, Hale, Antony D., additional, Macfarlane-Smith, Louissa R., additional, Harper, Katherine L., additional, Taha, Yusri, additional, Payne, Brendan A.I., additional, Burton-Fanning, Shirelle, additional, Waugh, Sheila, additional, Collins, Jennifer, additional, Eltringham, Gary, additional, Templeton, Kate E., additional, McHugh, Martin P., additional, Dewar, Rebecca, additional, Wastenge, Elizabeth, additional, Dervisevic, Samir, additional, Stanley, Rachael, additional, Prakash, Reenesh, additional, Stuart, Claire, additional, Elumogo, Ngozi, additional, Sethi, Dheeraj K., additional, Meader, Emma J., additional, Coupland, Lindsay J., additional, Potter, Will, additional, Graham, Clive, additional, Barton, Edward, additional, Padgett, Debra, additional, Scott, Garren, additional, Swindells, Emma, additional, Greenaway, Jane, additional, Nelson, Andrew, additional, Yew, Wen C., additional, Resende Silva, Paola C., additional, Andersson, Monique, additional, Shaw, Robert, additional, Peto, Timothy, additional, Justice, Anita, additional, Eyre, David, additional, Crooke, Derrick, additional, Hoosdally, Sarah, additional, Sloan, Tim J., additional, Duckworth, Nichola, additional, Walsh, Sarah, additional, Chauhan, Anoop J., additional, Glaysher, Sharon, additional, Bicknell, Kelly, additional, Wyllie, Sarah, additional, Butcher, Ethan, additional, Elliott, Scott, additional, Lloyd, Allyson, additional, Impey, Robert, additional, Levene, Nick, additional, Monaghan, Lynn, additional, Bradley, Declan T., additional, Allara, Elias, additional, Pearson, Clare, additional, Muir, Peter, additional, Vipond, Ian B., additional, Hopes, Richard, additional, Pymont, Hannah M., additional, Hutchings, Stephanie, additional, Curran, Martin D., additional, Parmar, Surendra, additional, Lackenby, Angie, additional, Mbisa, Tamyo, additional, Platt, Steven, additional, Miah, Shahjahan, additional, Bibby, David, additional, Manso, Carmen, additional, Hubb, Jonathan, additional, Chand, Meera, additional, Dabrera, Gavin, additional, Ramsay, Mary, additional, Bradshaw, Daniel, additional, Thornton, Alicia, additional, Myers, Richard, additional, Schaefer, Ulf, additional, Groves, Natalie, additional, Gallagher, Eileen, additional, Lee, David, additional, Williams, David, additional, Ellaby, Nicholas, additional, Harrison, Ian, additional, Hartman, Hassan, additional, Manesis, Nikos, additional, Patel, Vineet, additional, Bishop, Chloe, additional, Chalker, Vicki, additional, Osman, Husam, additional, Bosworth, Andrew, additional, Robinson, Esther, additional, Holden, Matthew T.G., additional, Shaaban, Sharif, additional, Birchley, Alec, additional, Adams, Alexander, additional, Davies, Alisha, additional, Gaskin, Amy, additional, Plimmer, Amy, additional, Gatica-Wilcox, Bree, additional, McKerr, Caoimhe, additional, Moore, Catherine, additional, Williams, Chris, additional, Heyburn, David, additional, De Lacy, Elen, additional, Hilvers, Ember, additional, Downing, Fatima, additional, Shankar, Giri, additional, Jones, Hannah, additional, Asad, Hibo, additional, Coombes, Jason, additional, Watkins, Joanne, additional, Evans, Johnathan M., additional, Fina, Laia, additional, Gifford, Laura, additional, Gilbert, Lauren, additional, Graham, Lee, additional, Perry, Malorie, additional, Morgan, Mari, additional, Cronin, Michelle, additional, Craine, Noel, additional, Jones, Rachel, additional, Howe, Robin, additional, Corden, Sally, additional, Rey, Sara, additional, Kumziene-Summerhayes, Sara, additional, Taylor, Sarah, additional, Cottrell, Simon, additional, Jones, Sophie, additional, Edwards, Sue, additional, O’Grady, Justin, additional, Page, Andrew J., additional, Wain, John, additional, Webber, Mark A., additional, Mather, Alison E., additional, Baker, David J., additional, Rudder, Steven, additional, Yasir, Muhammad, additional, Thomson, Nicholas M., additional, Aydin, Alp, additional, Tedim, Ana P., additional, Kay, Gemma L., additional, Trotter, Alexander J., additional, Gilroy, Rachel A.J., additional, Alikhan, Nabil-Fareed, additional, de Oliveira Martins, Leonardo, additional, Le-Viet, Thanh, additional, Meadows, Lizzie, additional, Kolyva, Anastasia, additional, Diaz, Maria, additional, Bell, Andrew, additional, Gutierrez, Ana Victoria, additional, Charles, Ian G., additional, Adriaenssens, Evelien M., additional, Kingsley, Robert A., additional, Casey, Anna, additional, Simpson, David A., additional, Molnar, Zoltan, additional, Thompson, Thomas, additional, Acheson, Erwan, additional, Masoli, Jane A.H., additional, Knight, Bridget A., additional, Hattersley, Andrew, additional, Ellard, Sian, additional, Auckland, Cressida, additional, Mahungu, Tabitha W., additional, Irish-Tavares, Dianne, additional, Haque, Tanzina, additional, Bourgeois, Yann, additional, Scarlett, Garry P., additional, Partridge, David G., additional, Raza, Mohammad, additional, Evans, Cariad, additional, Johnson, Kate, additional, Liggett, Steven, additional, Baker, Paul, additional, Essex, Sarah, additional, Lyons, Ronan A., additional, Caller, Laura G., additional, Castellano, Sergi, additional, Williams, Rachel J., additional, Kristiansen, Mark, additional, Roy, Sunando, additional, Williams, Charlotte A., additional, Dyal, Patricia L., additional, Tutill, Helena J., additional, Panchbhaya, Yasmin N., additional, Forrest, Leysa M., additional, Niola, Paola, additional, Findlay, Jacqueline, additional, Brooks, Tony T., additional, Gavriil, Artemis, additional, Mestek-Boukhibar, Lamia, additional, Weeks, Sam, additional, Pandey, Sarojini, additional, Berry, Lisa, additional, Jones, Katie, additional, Richter, Alex, additional, Beggs, Andrew, additional, Smith, Colin P., additional, Bucca, Giselda, additional, Hesketh, Andrew R., additional, Harrison, Ewan M., additional, Peacock, Sharon J., additional, Palmer, Sophie, additional, Churcher, Carol M., additional, Bellis, Katherine L., additional, Girgis, Sophia T., additional, Naydenova, Plamena, additional, Blane, Beth, additional, Sridhar, Sushmita, additional, Ruis, Chris, additional, Forrest, Sally, additional, Cormie, Claire, additional, Gill, Harmeet K., additional, Dias, Joana, additional, Higginson, Ellen E., additional, Maes, Mailis, additional, Young, Jamie, additional, Kermack, Leanne M., additional, Hadjirin, Nazreen F., additional, Aggarwal, Dinesh, additional, Griffith, Luke, additional, Swingler, Tracey, additional, Davidson, Rose K., additional, Williams, Thomas, additional, Balcazar, Carlos E., additional, Gallagher, Michael D., additional, O'Toole, Áine, additional, Rooke, Stefan, additional, Colquhoun, Rachel, additional, Ashworth, Jordan, additional, McCrone, J.T., additional, Scher, Emily, additional, Yu, Xiaoyu, additional, Williamson, Kathleen A., additional, Stanton, Thomas D., additional, Michell, Stephen L., additional, Bewshea, Claire M., additional, Temperton, Ben, additional, Michelsen, Michelle L., additional, Warwick-Dugdale, Joanna, additional, Manley, Robin, additional, Farbos, Audrey, additional, Harrison, James W., additional, Sambles, Christine M., additional, Studholme, David J., additional, Jeffries, Aaron R., additional, Darby, Alistair C., additional, Hiscox, Julian A., additional, Paterson, Steve, additional, Iturriza-Gomara, Miren, additional, Jackson, Kathryn A., additional, Lucaci, Anita O., additional, Vamos, Edith E., additional, Hughes, Margaret, additional, Rainbow, Lucille, additional, Eccles, Richard, additional, Nelson, Charlotte, additional, Whitehead, Mark, additional, Turtle, Lance, additional, Haldenby, Sam T., additional, Gregory, Richard, additional, Gemmell, Matthew, additional, Kwiatkowski, Dominic, additional, de Silva, Thushan I., additional, Smith, Nikki, additional, Angyal, Adrienn, additional, Lindsey, Benjamin B., additional, Groves, Danielle C., additional, Green, Luke R., additional, Wang, Dennis, additional, Freeman, Timothy M., additional, Parker, Matthew D., additional, Keeley, Alexander J., additional, Parsons, Paul J., additional, Tucker, Rachel M., additional, Brown, Rebecca, additional, Wyles, Matthew, additional, Constantinidou, Chrystala, additional, Unnikrishnan, Meera, additional, Ott, Sascha, additional, Cheng, Jeffrey K.J., additional, Bridgewater, Hannah E., additional, Frost, Lucy R., additional, Taylor-Joyce, Grace, additional, Stark, Richard, additional, Baxter, Laura, additional, Alam, Mohammad T., additional, Brown, Paul E., additional, McClure, Patrick C., additional, Chappell, Joseph G., additional, Tsoleridis, Theocharis, additional, Ball, Jonathan, additional, Grammatopoulos, Dimitris, additional, Buck, David, additional, Todd, John A., additional, Green, Angie, additional, Trebes, Amy, additional, MacIntyre-Cockett, George, additional, de Cesare, Mariateresa, additional, Langford, Cordelia, additional, Alderton, Alex, additional, Amato, Roberto, additional, Goncalves, Sonia, additional, Jackson, David K., additional, Johnston, Ian, additional, Sillitoe, John, additional, Palmer, Steve, additional, Lawniczak, Mara, additional, Berriman, Matt, additional, Danesh, John, additional, Livett, Rich, additional, Shirley, Lesley, additional, Farr, Ben, additional, Quail, Mike, additional, Thurston, Scott, additional, Park, Naomi, additional, Betteridge, Emma, additional, Weldon, Danni, additional, Goodwin, Scott, additional, Nelson, Rachel, additional, Beaver, Charlotte, additional, Letchford, Laura, additional, Jackson, David A., additional, Foulser, Luke, additional, McMinn, Liz, additional, Prestwood, Liam, additional, Kay, Sally, additional, Kane, Leanne, additional, Dorman, Matthew J., additional, Martincorena, Inigo, additional, Puethe, Christoph, additional, Keatley, Jon-Paul, additional, Tonkin-Hill, Gerry, additional, Smith, Christen, additional, Jamrozy, Dorota, additional, Beale, Mathew A., additional, Patel, Minal, additional, Ariani, Cristina, additional, Spencer-Chapman, Michael, additional, Drury, Eleanor, additional, Lo, Stephanie, additional, Rajatileka, Shavanthi, additional, Scott, Carol, additional, James, Keith, additional, Buddenborg, Sarah K., additional, Berger, Duncan J., additional, Patel, Gaurang, additional, Garcia-Casado, Maria V., additional, Dibling, Thomas, additional, McGuigan, Samantha, additional, Rogers, Hazel A., additional, Hunter, Adam D., additional, Souster, Emily, additional, and Neaverson, Alexandra S., additional

Published
2021
Full Text
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11. Epidemic waves of COVID-19 in Scotland: a genomic perspective on the impact of the introduction and relaxation of lockdown on SARS-CoV-2

Author

Lycett, Samantha J, Hughes, Joseph, McHugh, Martin P, Filipe, Ana da Silva, Dewar, Rebecca, Lu, Lu, Doherty, Thomas, Shepherd, Amy, Inward, Rhys, Rossi, Gianluigi, Balaz, Daniel, Kao, Rowland R, Rooke, Stefan, Cotton, Seb, Gallagher, Michael D, Lopez, Carlos Balcazar, O’Toole, Áine, Scher, Emily, Hill, Verity, McCrone, John T, Colquhoun, Rachel M, Jackson, Ben, Williams, Thomas C, Williamson, Kathleen A, Johnson, Natasha, Smollett, Katherine, Mair, Daniel, Carmichael, Stephen, Tong, Lily, Nichols, Jenna, Brunker, Kirstyn, Shepherd, James G, Li, Kathy, Aranday-Cortes, Elihu, Parr, Yasmin A, Broos, Alice, Nomikou, Kyriaki, McDonald, Sarah E, Niebel, Marc, Asamaphan, Patawee, Starinskij, Igor, Jesudason, Natasha, Shah, Rajiv, Sreenu, Vattipally B, Stanton, Tom, Shaaban, Sharif, MacLean, Alasdair, Woolhouse, Mark, Gunson, Rory, Templeton, Kate, Thomson, Emma C, Rambaut, Andrew, Holden, Matthew T.G., and Robertson, David L

Abstract

The second SARS virus, SARS-CoV-2, emerged in December 2019, and within a month was globally distributed. It was first introduced into Scotland in February 2020 associated with returning travellers and visitors. By March it was circulating in communities across the UK, and to control COVID-19 cases, and prevent overwhelming of the National Health Service (NHS), a ‘lockdown’ was introduced on 23rd March 2020 with a restriction of people’s movements. To augment the public health efforts a large-scale genome epidemiology effort (as part of the COVID-19 Genomics UK (COG-UK) consortium) resulted in the sequencing of over 5000 SARS-CoV-2 genomes by 18th August 2020 from Scottish cases, about a quarter of the estimated number of cases at that time. Here we quantify the geographical origins of the first wave introductions into Scotland from abroad and other UK regions, the spread of these SARS-CoV-2 lineages to different regions within Scotland (defined at the level of NHS Health Board) and the effect of lockdown on virus ‘success’. We estimate that approximately 300 introductions seeded lineages in Scotland, with around 25% of these lineages composed of more than five viruses, but by June circulating lineages were reduced to low levels, in line with low numbers of recorded positive cases. Lockdown was, thus, associated with a dramatic reduction in infection numbers and the extinguishing of most virus lineages. Unfortunately since the summer cases have been rising in Scotland in a second wave, with >1000 people testing positive on a daily basis, and hospitalisation of COVID-19 cases on the rise again. Examining the available Scottish genome data from the second wave, and comparing it to the first wave, we find that while some UK lineages have persisted through the summer, the majority of lineages responsible for the second wave are new introductions from outside of Scotland and many from outside of the UK. This indicates that, while lockdown in Scotland is directly linked with the first wave case numbers being brought under control, travel-associated imports (mostly from Europe or other parts of the UK) following the easing of lockdown are responsible for seeding the current epidemic population. This demonstrates that the impact of stringent public health measures can be compromised if following this, movements from regions of high to low prevalence are not minimised.

Published
2021

12. Genomic epidemiology reveals multiple introductions of SARS-CoV-2 from mainland Europe into Scotland

Author

Da Silva Filipe, Ana, Shepherd, James G., Williams, Thomas, Hughes, Joseph, Aranday-Cortes, Elihu, Asamaphan, Patawee, Ashraf, Shirin, Balcazar, Carlos, Brunker, Kirstyn, Campbell, Alasdair, Carmichael, Stephen, Davis, Chris, Dewar, Rebecca, Gallagher, Michael D., Gunson, Rory, Hill, Verity, Ho, Antonia, Jackson, Ben, James, Edward, Jesudason, Natasha, Johnson, Natasha, Leitch, E. Carol McWilliam, Li, Kathy, MacLean, Alasdair, Mair, Daniel, McAllister, David A., McCrone, John T., McDonald, Sarah E., McHugh, Martin P., Morris, A. Keith, Nichols, Jenna, Niebel, Marc, Nomikou, Kyriaki, Orton, Richard J., O'Toole, Áine, Palmarini, Massimo, Parcell, Benjamin J., Parr, Yasmin A., Rambaut, Andrew, Rooke, Stefan, Shaaban, Sharif, Shah, Rajiv, Singer, Joshua B., Smollett, Katherine, Starinskij, Igor, Tong, Lily, Sreenu, Vattipally B., Wastnedge, Elizabeth, COVID-19 Genomics UK (COG-UK) Consortium, ., Holden, Matthew T.G., Robertson, David L., Templeton, Kate, and Thomson, Emma C.

Abstract

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was first diagnosed in Scotland on 1 March 2020. During the first month of the outbreak, 2,641 cases of COVID-19 led to 1,832 hospital admissions, 207 intensive care admissions and 126 deaths. We aimed to identify the source and number of introductions of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) into Scotland using a combined phylogenetic and epidemiological approach. Sequencing of 1,314 SARS-CoV-2 viral genomes from available patient samples enabled us to estimate that SARS-CoV-2 was introduced to Scotland on at least 283 occasions during February and March 2020. Epidemiological analysis confirmed that early introductions of SARS-CoV-2 originated from mainland Europe (the majority from Italy and Spain). We identified subsequent early outbreaks in the community, within healthcare facilities and at an international conference. Community transmission occurred after 2 March, 3 weeks before control measures were introduced. Earlier travel restrictions or quarantine measures, both locally and internationally, would have reduced the number of COVID-19 cases in Scotland. The risk of multiple reintroduction events in future waves of infection remains high in the absence of population immunity.

Published
2021

13. Genomic epidemiology reveals multiple introductions of SARS-CoV-2 from mainland Europe into Scotland

Author

da Silva Filipe, Ana, Shepherd, James G., Williams, Thomas, Hughes, Joseph, Aranday-Cortes, Elihu, Asamaphan, Patawee, Ashraf, Shirin, Balcazar, Carlos, Brunker, Kirstyn, Campbell, Alasdair, Carmichael, Stephen, Davis, Chris, Dewar, Rebecca, Gallagher, Michael D., Gunson, Rory, Hill, Verity, Ho, Antonia, Jackson, Ben, James, Edward, Jesudason, Natasha, Johnson, Natasha, McWilliam Leitch, E. Carol, Li, Kathy, MacLean, Alasdair, Mair, Daniel, McAllister, David A., McCrone, John T., McDonald, Sarah E., McHugh, Martin P., Morris, A. Keith, Nichols, Jenna, Niebel, Marc, Nomikou, Kyriaki, Orton, Richard J., O’Toole, Áine, Palmarini, Massimo, Parcell, Benjamin J., Parr, Yasmin A., Rambaut, Andrew, Rooke, Stefan, Shaaban, Sharif, Shah, Rajiv, Singer, Joshua B., Smollett, Katherine, Starinskij, Igor, Tong, Lily, Sreenu, Vattipally B., Wastnedge, Elizabeth, Holden, Matthew T. G., Robertson, David L., Templeton, Kate, Thomson, Emma C., Bashton, Matthew, Nelson, Andrew, Smith, Darren, Young, Greg, and The COVID-19 Genomics UK (COG-UK) consortium

Subjects
Adult, Male, Microbiology (medical), medicine.medical_specialty, Viral epidemiology, Immunology, Genome, Viral, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Microbiology, law.invention, Herd immunity, 03 medical and health sciences, law, Intensive care, Epidemiology, Quarantine, medicine, Genetics, Humans, Author Correction, Phylogeny, 030304 developmental biology, Aged, 0303 health sciences, Molecular Epidemiology, Travel, Molecular epidemiology, 030306 microbiology, Transmission (medicine), SARS-CoV-2, Outbreak, COVID-19, High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing, Cell Biology, Middle Aged, C700, Europe, Geography, Spain, Mainland, Demography
Abstract

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was first diagnosed in Scotland on 1 March 2020. During the first month of the outbreak, 2,641 cases of COVID-19 led to 1,832 hospital admissions, 207 intensive care admissions and 126 deaths. We aimed to identify the source and number of introductions of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) into Scotland using a combined phylogenetic and epidemiological approach. Sequencing of 1,314 SARS-CoV-2 viral genomes from available patient samples enabled us to estimate that SARS-CoV-2 was introduced to Scotland on at least 283 occasions during February and March 2020. Epidemiological analysis confirmed that early introductions of SARS-CoV-2 originated from mainland Europe (the majority from Italy and Spain). We identified subsequent early outbreaks in the community, within healthcare facilities and at an international conference. Community transmission occurred after 2 March, 3 weeks before control measures were introduced. Earlier travel restrictions or quarantine measures, both locally and internationally, would have reduced the number of COVID-19 cases in Scotland. The risk of multiple reintroduction events in future waves of infection remains high in the absence of population immunity.

Published
2020
Full Text
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14. Changes in symptomatology, reinfection, and transmissibility associated with the SARS-CoV-2 variant B.1.1.7: an ecological study

Author

Graham, Mark S, primary, Sudre, Carole H, additional, May, Anna, additional, Antonelli, Michela, additional, Murray, Benjamin, additional, Varsavsky, Thomas, additional, Kläser, Kerstin, additional, Canas, Liane S, additional, Molteni, Erika, additional, Modat, Marc, additional, Drew, David A, additional, Nguyen, Long H, additional, Polidori, Lorenzo, additional, Selvachandran, Somesh, additional, Hu, Christina, additional, Capdevila, Joan, additional, Hammers, Alexander, additional, Chan, Andrew T, additional, Wolf, Jonathan, additional, Spector, Tim D, additional, Steves, Claire J, additional, Ourselin, Sebastien, additional, Koshy, Cherian, additional, Ash, Amy, additional, Wise, Emma, additional, Moore, Nathan, additional, Mori, Matilde, additional, Cortes, Nick, additional, Lynch, Jessica, additional, Kidd, Stephen, additional, Fairley, Derek J, additional, Curran, Tanya, additional, McKenna, James P, additional, Adams, Helen, additional, Fraser, Christophe, additional, Golubchik, Tanya, additional, Bonsall, David, additional, Hassan-Ibrahim, Mohammed O, additional, Malone, Cassandra S, additional, Cogger, Benjamin J, additional, Wantoch, Michelle, additional, Reynolds, Nicola, additional, Warne, Ben, additional, Maksimovic, Joshua, additional, Spellman, Karla, additional, McCluggage, Kathryn, additional, John, Michaela, additional, Beer, Robert, additional, Afifi, Safiah, additional, Morgan, Sian, additional, Marchbank, Angela, additional, Price, Anna, additional, Kitchen, Christine, additional, Gulliver, Huw, additional, Merrick, Ian, additional, Southgate, Joel, additional, Guest, Martyn, additional, Munn, Robert, additional, Workman, Trudy, additional, Connor, Thomas R, additional, Fuller, William, additional, Bresner, Catherine, additional, Snell, Luke B, additional, Patel, Amita, additional, Charalampous, Themoula, additional, Nebbia, Gaia, additional, Batra, Rahul, additional, Edgeworth, Jonathan, additional, Robson, Samuel C, additional, Beckett, Angela H, additional, Aanensen, David M, additional, Underwood, Anthony P, additional, Yeats, Corin A, additional, Abudahab, Khalil, additional, Taylor, Ben EW, additional, Menegazzo, Mirko, additional, Clark, Gemma, additional, Smith, Wendy, additional, Khakh, Manjinder, additional, Fleming, Vicki M, additional, Lister, Michelle M, additional, Howson-Wells, Hannah C, additional, Berry, Louise, additional, Boswell, Tim, additional, Joseph, Amelia, additional, Willingham, Iona, additional, Jones, Carl, additional, Holmes, Christopher, additional, Bird, Paul, additional, Helmer, Thomas, additional, Fallon, Karlie, additional, Tang, Julian, additional, Raviprakash, Veena, additional, Campbell, Sharon, additional, Sheriff, Nicola, additional, Blakey, Victoria, additional, Williams, Lesley-Anne, additional, Loose, Matthew W, additional, Holmes, Nadine, additional, Moore, Christopher, additional, Carlile, Matthew, additional, Wright, Victoria, additional, Sang, Fei, additional, Debebe, Johnny, additional, Coll, Francesc, additional, Signell, Adrian W, additional, Betancor, Gilberto, additional, Wilson, Harry D, additional, Eldirdiri, Sahar, additional, Kenyon, Anita, additional, Davis, Thomas, additional, Pybus, Oliver G, additional, du Plessis, Louis, additional, Zarebski, Alex E, additional, Raghwani, Jayna, additional, Kraemer, Moritz UG, additional, Francois, Sarah, additional, Attwood, Stephen W, additional, Vasylyeva, Tetyana I, additional, Escalera Zamudio, Marina, additional, Gutierrez, Bernardo, additional, Torok, M. Estee, additional, Hamilton, William L, additional, Goodfellow, Ian G, additional, Hall, Grant, additional, Jahun, Aminu S, additional, Chaudhry, Yasmin, additional, Hosmillo, Myra, additional, Pinckert, Malte L, additional, Georgana, Iliana, additional, Moses, Samuel, additional, Lowe, Hannah, additional, Bedford, Luke, additional, Moore, Jonathan, additional, Stonehouse, Susanne, additional, Fisher, Chloe L, additional, Awan, Ali R, additional, BoYes, John, additional, Breuer, Judith, additional, Harris, Kathryn Ann, additional, Brown, Julianne Rose, additional, Shah, Divya, additional, Atkinson, Laura, additional, Lee, Jack CD, additional, Storey, Nathaniel, additional, Flaviani, Flavia, additional, Alcolea-Medina, Adela, additional, Williams, Rebecca, additional, Vernet, Gabrielle, additional, Chapman, Michael R, additional, Levett, Lisa J, additional, Heaney, Judith, additional, Chatterton, Wendy, additional, Pusok, Monika, additional, Xu-McCrae, Li, additional, Smith, Darren L, additional, Bashton, Matthew, additional, Young, Gregory R, additional, Holmes, Alison, additional, Randell, Paul Anthony, additional, Cox, Alison, additional, Madona, Pinglawathee, additional, Bolt, Frances, additional, Price, James, additional, Mookerjee, Siddharth, additional, Ragonnet-Cronin, Manon, additional, Nascimento, Fabricia F., additional, Jorgensen, David, additional, Siveroni, Igor, additional, Johnson, Rob, additional, Boyd, Olivia, additional, Geidelberg, Lily, additional, Volz, Erik M, additional, Rowan, Aileen, additional, Taylor, Graham P, additional, Smollett, Katherine L, additional, Loman, Nicholas J, additional, Quick, Joshua, additional, McMurray, Claire, additional, Stockton, Joanne, additional, Nicholls, Sam, additional, Rowe, Will, additional, Poplawski, Radoslaw, additional, McNally, Alan, additional, Martinez Nunez, Rocio T, additional, Mason, Jenifer, additional, Robinson, Trevor I, additional, O'Toole, Elaine, additional, Watts, Joanne, additional, Breen, Cassie, additional, Cowell, Angela, additional, Sluga, Graciela, additional, Machin, Nicholas W, additional, Ahmad, Shazaad S Y, additional, George, Ryan P, additional, Halstead, Fenella, additional, Sivaprakasam, Venkat, additional, Hogsden, Wendy, additional, Illingworth, Chris J, additional, Jackson, Chris, additional, Thomson, Emma C, additional, Shepherd, James G, additional, Asamaphan, Patawee, additional, Niebel, Marc O, additional, Li, Kathy K, additional, Shah, Rajiv N, additional, Jesudason, Natasha G, additional, Tong, Lily, additional, Broos, Alice, additional, Mair, Daniel, additional, Nichols, Jenna, additional, Carmichael, Stephen N, additional, Nomikou, Kyriaki, additional, Aranday-Cortes, Elihu, additional, Johnson, Natasha, additional, Starinskij, Igor, additional, da Silva Filipe, Ana, additional, Robertson, David L, additional, Orton, Richard J, additional, Hughes, Joseph, additional, Vattipally, Sreenu, additional, Singer, Joshua B, additional, Nickbakhsh, Seema, additional, Hale, Antony D, additional, Macfarlane-Smith, Louissa R, additional, Harper, Katherine L, additional, Carden, Holli, additional, Taha, Yusri, additional, Payne, Brendan AI, additional, Burton-Fanning, Shirelle, additional, Waugh, Sheila, additional, Collins, Jennifer, additional, Eltringham, Gary, additional, Rushton, Steven, additional, O'Brien, Sarah, additional, Bradley, Amanda, additional, Maclean, Alasdair, additional, Mollett, Guy, additional, Blacow, Rachel, additional, Templeton, Kate E, additional, McHugh, Martin P, additional, Dewar, Rebecca, additional, Wastenge, Elizabeth, additional, Dervisevic, Samir, additional, Stanley, Rachael, additional, Meader, Emma J, additional, Coupland, Lindsay, additional, Smith, Louise, additional, Graham, Clive, additional, Barton, Edward, additional, Padgett, Debra, additional, Scott, Garren, additional, Swindells, Emma, additional, Greenaway, Jane, additional, Nelson, Andrew, additional, McCann, Clare M, additional, Yew, Wen C, additional, Andersson, Monique, additional, Peto, Timothy, additional, Justice, Anita, additional, Eyre, David, additional, Crook, Derrick, additional, Sloan, Tim J, additional, Duckworth, Nichola, additional, Walsh, Sarah, additional, Chauhan, Anoop J, additional, Glaysher, Sharon, additional, Bicknell, Kelly, additional, Wyllie, Sarah, additional, Elliott, Scott, additional, Lloyd, Allyson, additional, Impey, Robert, additional, Levene, Nick, additional, Monaghan, Lynn, additional, Bradley, Declan T, additional, Wyatt, Tim, additional, Allara, Elias, additional, Pearson, Clare, additional, Osman, Husam, additional, Bosworth, Andrew, additional, Robinson, Esther, additional, Muir, Peter, additional, Vipond, Ian B, additional, Hopes, Richard, additional, Pymont, Hannah M, additional, Hutchings, Stephanie, additional, Curran, Martin D, additional, Parmar, Surendra, additional, Lackenby, Angie, additional, Mbisa, Tamyo, additional, Platt, Steven, additional, Miah, Shahjahan, additional, Bibby, David, additional, Manso, Carmen, additional, Hubb, Jonathan, additional, Chand, Meera, additional, Dabrera, Gavin, additional, Ramsay, Mary, additional, Bradshaw, Daniel, additional, Thornton, Alicia, additional, Myers, Richard, additional, Schaefer, Ulf, additional, Groves, Natalie, additional, Gallagher, Eileen, additional, Lee, David, additional, Williams, David, additional, Ellaby, Nicholas, additional, Harrison, Ian, additional, Hartman, Hassan, additional, Manesis, Nikos, additional, Patel, Vineet, additional, Bishop, Chloe, additional, Chalker, Vicki, additional, Ledesma, Juan, additional, Twohig, Katherine A, additional, Holden, Matthew T.G., additional, Shaaban, Sharif, additional, Birchley, Alec, additional, Adams, Alexander, additional, Davies, Alisha, additional, Gaskin, Amy, additional, Plimmer, Amy, additional, Gatica-Wilcox, Bree, additional, McKerr, Caoimhe, additional, Moore, Catherine, additional, Williams, Chris, additional, Heyburn, David, additional, De Lacy, Elen, additional, Hilvers, Ember, additional, Downing, Fatima, additional, Shankar, Giri, additional, Jones, Hannah, additional, Asad, Hibo, additional, Coombes, Jason, additional, Watkins, Joanne, additional, Evans, Johnathan M, additional, Fina, Laia, additional, Gifford, Laura, additional, Gilbert, Lauren, additional, Graham, Lee, additional, Perry, Malorie, additional, Morgan, Mari, additional, Bull, Matthew, additional, Cronin, Michelle, additional, Pacchiarini, Nicole, additional, Craine, Noel, additional, Jones, Rachel, additional, Howe, Robin, additional, Corden, Sally, additional, Rey, Sara, additional, Kumziene-SummerhaYes, Sara, additional, Taylor, Sarah, additional, Cottrell, Simon, additional, Jones, Sophie, additional, Edwards, Sue, additional, O'Grady, Justin, additional, Page, Andrew J, additional, Mather, Alison E, additional, Baker, David J, additional, Rudder, Steven, additional, Aydin, Alp, additional, Kay, Gemma L, additional, Trotter, Alexander J, additional, Alikhan, Nabil-Fareed, additional, de Oliveira Martins, Leonardo, additional, Le-Viet, Thanh, additional, Meadows, Lizzie, additional, Casey, Anna, additional, Ratcliffe, Liz, additional, Simpson, David A, additional, Molnar, Zoltan, additional, Thompson, Thomas, additional, Acheson, Erwan, additional, Masoli, Jane AH, additional, Knight, Bridget A, additional, Ellard, Sian, additional, Auckland, Cressida, additional, Jones, Christopher R, additional, Mahungu, Tabitha W, additional, Irish-Tavares, Dianne, additional, Haque, Tanzina, additional, Hart, Jennifer, additional, Witele, Eric, additional, Fenton, Melisa Louise, additional, Dadrah, Ashok, additional, Symmonds, Amanda, additional, Saluja, Tranprit, additional, Bourgeois, Yann, additional, Scarlett, Garry P, additional, Loveson, Katie F, additional, Goudarzi, Salman, additional, Fearn, Christopher, additional, Cook, Kate, additional, Dent, Hannah, additional, Paul, Hannah, additional, Partridge, David G, additional, Raza, Mohammad, additional, Evans, Cariad, additional, Johnson, Kate, additional, Liggett, Steven, additional, Baker, Paul, additional, Bonner, Stephen, additional, Essex, Sarah, additional, Lyons, Ronan A, additional, Saeed, Kordo, additional, Mahanama, Adhyana I.K, additional, Samaraweera, Buddhini, additional, Silveira, Siona, additional, Pelosi, Emanuela, additional, Wilson-Davies, Eleri, additional, Williams, Rachel J, additional, Kristiansen, Mark, additional, Roy, Sunando, additional, Williams, Charlotte A, additional, Cotic, Marius, additional, Bayzid, Nadua, additional, Westhorpe, Adam P, additional, Hartley, John A, additional, Jannoo, Riaz, additional, Lowe, Helen L, additional, Karamani, Angeliki, additional, Ensell, Leah, additional, Prieto, Jacqui A, additional, Jeremiah, Sarah, additional, Grammatopoulos, Dimitris, additional, Pandey, Sarojini, additional, Berry, Lisa, additional, Jones, Katie, additional, Richter, Alex, additional, Beggs, Andrew, additional, Best, Angus, additional, Percival, Benita, additional, Mirza, Jeremy, additional, Megram, Oliver, additional, Mayhew, Megan, additional, Crawford, Liam, additional, Ashcroft, Fiona, additional, Moles-Garcia, Emma, additional, Cumley, Nicola, additional, Smith, Colin P, additional, Bucca, Giselda, additional, Hesketh, Andrew R, additional, Blane, Beth, additional, Girgis, Sophia T, additional, Leek, Danielle, additional, Sridhar, Sushmita, additional, Forrest, Sally, additional, Cormie, Claire, additional, Gill, Harmeet K, additional, Dias, Joana, additional, Higginson, Ellen E, additional, Maes, Mailis, additional, Young, Jamie, additional, Kermack, Leanne M, additional, Gupta, Ravi Kumar, additional, Ludden, Catherine, additional, Peacock, Sharon J, additional, Palmer, Sophie, additional, Churcher, Carol M, additional, Hadjirin, Nazreen F, additional, Carabelli, Alessandro M, additional, Brooks, Ellena, additional, Smith, Kim S, additional, Galai, Katerina, additional, McManus, Georgina M, additional, Ruis, Chris, additional, Davidson, Rose K, additional, Rambaut, Andrew, additional, Williams, Thomas, additional, Balcazar, Carlos E, additional, Gallagher, Michael D, additional, O'Toole, Áine, additional, Rooke, Stefan, additional, Hill, Verity, additional, Williamson, Kathleen A, additional, Stanton, Thomas D, additional, Michell, Stephen L, additional, Bewshea, Claire M, additional, Temperton, Ben, additional, Michelsen, Michelle L, additional, Warwick-Dugdale, Joanna, additional, Manley, Robin, additional, Farbos, Audrey, additional, Harrison, James W, additional, Sambles, Christine M, additional, Studholme, David J, additional, Jeffries, Aaron R, additional, Darby, Alistair C, additional, Hiscox, Julian A, additional, Paterson, Steve, additional, Iturriza-Gomara, Miren, additional, Jackson, Kathryn A, additional, Lucaci, Anita O, additional, Vamos, Edith E, additional, Hughes, Margaret, additional, Rainbow, Lucille, additional, Eccles, Richard, additional, Nelson, Charlotte, additional, Whitehead, Mark, additional, Turtle, Lance, additional, Haldenby, Sam T, additional, Gregory, Richard, additional, Gemmell, Matthew, additional, Wierzbicki, Claudia, additional, Webster, Hermione J, additional, de Silva, Thushan I, additional, Smith, Nikki, additional, Angyal, Adrienn, additional, Lindsey, Benjamin B, additional, Groves, Danielle C, additional, Green, Luke R, additional, Wang, Dennis, additional, Freeman, Timothy M, additional, Parker, Matthew D, additional, Keeley, Alexander J, additional, Parsons, Paul J, additional, Tucker, Rachel M, additional, Brown, Rebecca, additional, Wyles, Matthew, additional, Whiteley, Max, additional, Zhang, Peijun, additional, Gallis, Marta, additional, Louka, Stavroula F, additional, Constantinidou, Chrystala, additional, Unnikrishnan, Meera, additional, Ott, Sascha, additional, Cheng, Jeffrey K.J., additional, Bridgewater, Hannah E., additional, Frost, Lucy R., additional, Taylor-Joyce, Grace, additional, Stark, Richard, additional, Baxter, Laura, additional, Alam, Mohammad T., additional, Brown, Paul E, additional, Aggarwal, Dinesh, additional, Cerda, Alberto C, additional, Merrill, Tammy V, additional, Wilson, Rebekah E, additional, McClure, Patrick C, additional, Chappell, Joseph G, additional, Tsoleridis, Theocharis, additional, Ball, Jonathan, additional, Buck, David, additional, Todd, John A, additional, Green, Angie, additional, Trebes, Amy, additional, MacIntyre-Cockett, George, additional, de Cesare, Mariateresa, additional, Alderton, Alex, additional, Amato, Roberto, additional, Ariani, Cristina V, additional, Beale, Mathew A, additional, Beaver, Charlotte, additional, Bellis, Katherine L, additional, Betteridge, Emma, additional, Bonfield, James, additional, Danesh, John, additional, Dorman, Matthew J, additional, Drury, Eleanor, additional, Farr, Ben W, additional, Foulser, Luke, additional, Goncalves, Sonia, additional, Goodwin, Scott, additional, Gourtovaia, Marina, additional, Harrison, Ewan M, additional, Jackson, David K, additional, Jamrozy, Dorota, additional, Johnston, Ian, additional, Kane, Leanne, additional, Kay, Sally, additional, Keatley, Jon-Paul, additional, Kwiatkowski, Dominic, additional, Langford, Cordelia F, additional, Lawniczak, Mara, additional, Letchford, Laura, additional, Livett, Rich, additional, Lo, Stephanie, additional, Martincorena, Inigo, additional, McGuigan, Samantha, additional, Nelson, Rachel, additional, Palmer, Steve, additional, Park, Naomi R, additional, Patel, Minal, additional, Prestwood, Liam, additional, Puethe, Christoph, additional, Quail, Michael A, additional, Rajatileka, Shavanthi, additional, Scott, Carol, additional, Shirley, Lesley, additional, Sillitoe, John, additional, Spencer Chapman, Michael H, additional, Thurston, Scott AJ, additional, Tonkin-Hill, Gerry, additional, Weldon, Danni, additional, Rajan, Diana, additional, Bronner, Iraad F, additional, Aigrain, Louise, additional, Redshaw, Nicholas M, additional, Lensing, Stefanie V, additional, Davies, Robert, additional, Whitwham, Andrew, additional, Liddle, Jennifier, additional, Lewis, Kevin, additional, Tovar-Corona, Jaime M, additional, Leonard, Steven, additional, Durham, Jillian, additional, Bassett, Andrew R, additional, McCarthy, Shane, additional, Moll, Robin J, additional, James, Keith, additional, Oliver, Karen, additional, Makunin, Alex, additional, Barrett, Jeff, additional, and Gunson, Rory N, additional

Published
2021
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15. Single-dose administration and the influence of the timing of the booster dose on immunogenicity and efficacy of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AZD1222) vaccine: a pooled analysis of four randomised trials

Author

Voysey, Merryn, primary, Costa Clemens, Sue Ann, additional, Madhi, Shabir A, additional, Weckx, Lily Y, additional, Folegatti, Pedro M, additional, Aley, Parvinder K, additional, Angus, Brian, additional, Baillie, Vicky L, additional, Barnabas, Shaun L, additional, Bhorat, Qasim E, additional, Bibi, Sagida, additional, Briner, Carmen, additional, Cicconi, Paola, additional, Clutterbuck, Elizabeth A, additional, Collins, Andrea M, additional, Cutland, Clare L, additional, Darton, Thomas C, additional, Dheda, Keertan, additional, Dold, Christina, additional, Duncan, Christopher J A, additional, Emary, Katherine R W, additional, Ewer, Katie J, additional, Flaxman, Amy, additional, Fairlie, Lee, additional, Faust, Saul N, additional, Feng, Shuo, additional, Ferreira, Daniela M, additional, Finn, Adam, additional, Galiza, Eva, additional, Goodman, Anna L, additional, Green, Catherine M, additional, Green, Christopher A, additional, Greenland, Melanie, additional, Hill, Catherine, additional, Hill, Helen C, additional, Hirsch, Ian, additional, Izu, Alane, additional, Jenkin, Daniel, additional, Joe, Carina C D, additional, Kerridge, Simon, additional, Koen, Anthonet, additional, Kwatra, Gaurav, additional, Lazarus, Rajeka, additional, Libri, Vincenzo, additional, Lillie, Patrick J, additional, Marchevsky, Natalie G, additional, Marshall, Richard P, additional, Mendes, Ana V A, additional, Milan, Eveline P, additional, Minassian, Angela M, additional, McGregor, Alastair, additional, Mujadidi, Yama F, additional, Nana, Anusha, additional, Padayachee, Sherman D, additional, Phillips, Daniel J, additional, Pittella, Ana, additional, Plested, Emma, additional, Pollock, Katrina M, additional, Ramasamy, Maheshi N, additional, Ritchie, Adam J, additional, Robinson, Hannah, additional, Schwarzbold, Alexandre V, additional, Smith, Andrew, additional, Song, Rinn, additional, Snape, Matthew D, additional, Sprinz, Eduardo, additional, Sutherland, Rebecca K, additional, Thomson, Emma C, additional, Török, M Estée, additional, Toshner, Mark, additional, Turner, David P J, additional, Vekemans, Johan, additional, Villafana, Tonya L, additional, White, Thomas, additional, Williams, Christopher J, additional, Douglas, Alexander D, additional, Hill, Adrian V S, additional, Lambe, Teresa, additional, Gilbert, Sarah C, additional, Pollard, Andrew J, additional, Aban, Marites, additional, Abeyskera, Kushala W.M., additional, Aboagye, Jeremy, additional, Adam, Matthew, additional, Adams, Kirsty, additional, Adamson, James P., additional, Adewatan, Gbadebo, additional, Adlou, Syed, additional, Ahmed, Khatija, additional, Akhalwaya, Yasmeen, additional, Akhalwaya, Saajida, additional, Alcock, Andrew, additional, Ali, Aabidah, additional, Allen, Elizabeth R., additional, Allen, Lauren, additional, Alvernaz, Felipe B., additional, Amorim, Fabio Santos, additional, Andrade, Claudia Sala, additional, Andritsou, Foteini, additional, Anslow, Rachel, additional, Arbe-Barnes, Edward H., additional, Ariaans, Mark P., additional, Arns, Beatriz, additional, Arruda, Laiana, additional, Assad, Luiza, additional, Azi, Paula De Almeida, additional, Azi, Lorena De Almeida, additional, Babbage, Gavin, additional, Bailey, Catherine, additional, Baker, Kenneth F., additional, Baker, Megan, additional, Baker, Natalie, additional, Baker, Philip, additional, Baleanu, Ioana, additional, Bandeira, Danieli, additional, Bara, Anna, additional, Barbosa, Marcella A.S., additional, Barker, Debbie, additional, Barlow, Gavin D., additional, Barnes, Eleanor, additional, Barr, Andrew S., additional, Barrett, Jordan R., additional, Barrett, Jessica, additional, Barrett, Kelly, additional, Bates, Louise, additional, Batten, Alexander, additional, Beadon, Kirsten, additional, Beales, Emily, additional, Beckley, Rebecca, additional, Belij-Rammerstorfer, Sandra, additional, Bell, Jonathan, additional, Bellamy, Duncan, additional, Belton, Sue, additional, Berg, Adam, additional, Bermejo, Laura, additional, Berrie, Eleanor, additional, Berry, Lisa, additional, Berzenyi, Daniella, additional, Beveridge, Amy, additional, Bewley, Kevin R., additional, Bharaj, Inderjeet, additional, Bhikha, Sutika, additional, Bhorat, Asad E., additional, Bhorat, Zaheda E., additional, Bijker, Else Margreet, additional, Birch, Sarah, additional, Birch, Gurpreet, additional, Birchall, Kathryn, additional, Bird, Adam, additional, Bird, Olivia, additional, Bisnauthsing, Karen, additional, Bittaye, Mustapha, additional, Blackwell, Luke, additional, Blacow, Rachel, additional, Bletchly, Heather, additional, Blundell, Caitlin L., additional, Blundell, Susannah R., additional, Bodalia, Pritesh, additional, Bolam, Emma, additional, Boland, Elena, additional, Bormans, Daan, additional, Borthwick, Nicola, additional, Bowring, Francesca, additional, Boyd, Amy, additional, Bradley, Penny, additional, Brenner, Tanja, additional, Bridges-Webb, Alice, additional, Brown, Phillip, additional, Brown, Claire, additional, Brown-O'Sullivan, Charlie, additional, Bruce, Scott, additional, Brunt, Emily, additional, Budd, William, additional, Bulbulia, Yusuf A., additional, Bull, Melanie, additional, Burbage, Jamie, additional, Burn, Aileen, additional, Buttigieg, Karen R., additional, Byard, Nicholas, additional, Cabrera Puig, Ingrid, additional, Calvert, Anna, additional, Camara, Susana, additional, Cao, Michelangelo, additional, Cappuccini, Federica, additional, Cardona, Rita, additional, Cardoso, João R., additional, Carr, Melanie, additional, Carroll, Miles W., additional, Carson-Stevens, Andrew, additional, Carvalho, Yasmin de M., additional, Casey, Helen R., additional, Cashen, Paul, additional, Castro, Thais R.Y., additional, Castro, Lucia Carratala, additional, Cathie, Katrina, additional, Cavey, Ana, additional, Cerbino-Neto, José, additional, Cezar, Luiz Fernando F., additional, Chadwick, Jim, additional, Chanice, Chanice, additional, Chapman, David, additional, Charlton, Sue, additional, Cheliotis, Katerina S., additional, Chelysheva, Irina, additional, Chester, Oliver, additional, Chiplin, Emily, additional, Chita, Sunder, additional, Cho, Jee-Sun, additional, Cifuentes, Liliana, additional, Clark, Elizabeth, additional, Clark, Matthew, additional, Colin-Jones, Rachel, additional, Collins, Sarah L.K., additional, Colton, Hayley, additional, Conlon, Christopher P., additional, Connarty, Sean, additional, Coombes, Naomi, additional, Cooper, Cushla, additional, Cooper, Rachel, additional, Cornelissen, Lynne, additional, Corrah, Tumena, additional, Cosgrove, Catherine A., additional, Costa, Fernanda Barroso, additional, Cox, Tony, additional, Crocker, Wendy E.M., additional, Crosbie, Sarah, additional, Cullen, Dan, additional, Cunha, Debora R.M.F., additional, Cunningham, Christina J., additional, Cuthbertson, Fiona C., additional, da Costa, Daniel Marinho, additional, Da Guarda, Suzete N. Farias, additional, da Silva, Larissa P., additional, da Silva Moraes, Antonio Carlos, additional, Damratoski, Brad E., additional, Danos, Zsofia, additional, Dantas, Maria T.D.C., additional, Datoo, Mehreen S., additional, Datta, Chandrabali, additional, Davids, Malika, additional, Davies, Sarah L., additional, Davies, Kelly, additional, Davies, Hannah, additional, Davies, Sophie, additional, Davies, Judith, additional, Davis, Elizabeth J., additional, Davis, John, additional, de Carvalho, José A.M., additional, De Jager, Jeanne, additional, de Jesus Jnr, Sergio, additional, De Oliveira Kalid, Lis Moreno, additional, Dearlove, David, additional, Demissie, Tesfaye, additional, Desai, Amisha, additional, Di Marco, Stefania, additional, Di Maso, Claudio, additional, Dinesh, Tanya, additional, Docksey, Claire, additional, Dong, Tao, additional, Donnellan, Francesca R., additional, Dos Santos, Tannyth Gomes, additional, Dos Santos, Thainá G., additional, Dos Santos, Erika Pachecho, additional, Douglas, Naomi, additional, Downing, Charlotte, additional, Drake, Jonathan, additional, Drake-Brockman, Rachael, additional, Drury, Ruth, additional, Du Plessis, Joan, additional, Dunachie, Susanna J., additional, Duncan, Andrew, additional, Easom, Nicholas J.W., additional, Edwards, Mandy, additional, Edwards, Nick J., additional, Edwards, Frances, additional, El Muhanna, Omar M., additional, Elias, Sean C., additional, Ellison-Handley, Branwen, additional, Elmore, Michael J., additional, English, Marcus Rex, additional, Esmail, Alisgair, additional, Essack, Yakub Moosa, additional, Farooq, Mutjaba, additional, Fedosyuk, Sofiya, additional, Felle, Sally, additional, Ferguson, Susie, additional, Ferreira Da Silva, Carla, additional, Field, Samantha, additional, Fisher, Richard, additional, Fletcher, James, additional, Fofie, Hazel, additional, Fok, Henry, additional, Ford, Karen J., additional, Fothergill, Ross, additional, Fowler, Jamie, additional, Fraiman, Pedro H.A., additional, Francis, Emma, additional, Franco, Marilia M., additional, Frater, John, additional, Freire, Marilúcia S.M., additional, Fry, Samantha H., additional, Fudge, Sabrina, additional, Furlan Filho, Renato, additional, Furze, Julie, additional, Fuskova, Michelle, additional, Galian-Rubio, Pablo, additional, Garlant, Harriet, additional, Gavrila, Madita, additional, Gibbons, Karyna A., additional, Gilbride, Ciaran, additional, Gill, Hardeep, additional, Godwin, Kerry, additional, Gokani, Karishma, additional, Gonçalves, Maria Luisa Freire, additional, Gonzalez, Isabela G.S., additional, Goodall, Jack, additional, Goodwin, Jayne, additional, Goondiwala, Amina, additional, Gordon-Quayle, Katherine, additional, Gorini, Giacomo, additional, Goyanna, Alvaro, additional, Grab, Janet, additional, Gracie, Lara, additional, Green, Justin, additional, Greenwood, Nicola, additional, Greffrath, Johann, additional, Groenewald, Marisa M., additional, Gunawardene, Anishka, additional, Gupta, Gaurav, additional, Hackett, Mark, additional, Hallis, Bassam, additional, Hamaluba, Mainga, additional, Hamilton, Elizabeth, additional, Hamlyn, Joseph, additional, Hammersley, Daniel, additional, Hanrath, Aidan T., additional, Hanumunthadu, Brama, additional, Harris, Stephanie A., additional, Harris, Clair, additional, Harrison, Thomas D., additional, Harrison, Daisy, additional, Harris-Wright, Tara A., additional, Hart, Thomas C., additional, Hartnell, Birgit, additional, Haughney, John, additional, Hawkins, Sophia, additional, Hayano, Laís Y.M., additional, Head, Ian, additional, Heath, Paul T., additional, Henry, John Aaron, additional, Hermosin Herrera, Macarena, additional, Hettle, David B., additional, Higa, Cristhiane, additional, Hill, Jennifer, additional, Hodges, Gina, additional, Hodgson, Susanne, additional, Horne, Elizea, additional, Hou, Mimi M., additional, Houlihan, Catherine F., additional, Howe, Elizabeth, additional, Howell, Nicola, additional, Humphreys, Jonathan, additional, Humphries, Holly E., additional, Hurley, Katrina, additional, Huson, Claire, additional, Hyams, Catherine, additional, Hyder-Wright, Angela, additional, Ikram, Sabina, additional, Ishwarbhai, Alka, additional, Iveson, Poppy, additional, Iyer, Vidyashankara, additional, Jackson, Frederic, additional, Jackson, Susan, additional, Jaumdally, Shameem, additional, Jeffers, Helen, additional, Jesudason, Natasha, additional, Jones, Carina, additional, Jones, Christopher, additional, Jones, Kathryn, additional, Jones, Elizabeth, additional, Jorge, Marianna Rocha, additional, Joshi, Amar, additional, Júnior, Eduardo A.M.S., additional, Kailath, Reshma, additional, Kana, Faeeza, additional, Kar, Arnab, additional, Karampatsas, Konstantinos, additional, Kasanyinga, Mwila, additional, Kay, Linda, additional, Keen, Jade, additional, Kellett Wright, Johanna, additional, Kelly, Elizabeth J., additional, Kelly, Debbie, additional, Kelly, Dearbhla M., additional, Kelly, Sarah, additional, Kerr, David, additional, Khan, Liaquat, additional, Khozoee, Baktash, additional, Khurana, Ankush, additional, Kidd, Sarah, additional, Killen, Annabel, additional, Kinch, Jasmin, additional, Kinch, Patrick, additional, King, Lloyd D.W., additional, King, Thomas B., additional, Kingham, Lucy, additional, Klenerman, Paul, additional, Kluczna, Diana M., additional, Knapper, Francesca, additional, Knight, Julian C., additional, Knott, Daniel, additional, Koleva, Stanislava, additional, Lages, Pedro M., additional, Lang, Matilda, additional, Lang, Gail, additional, Larkworthy, Colin W., additional, Larwood, Jessica P.J., additional, Law, Rebecca, additional, Lawrie, Alison M., additional, Lazarus, Erica M., additional, Leach, Amanda, additional, Lees, Emily A., additional, Lelliott, Alice, additional, Lemm, Nana-Marie, additional, Lessa, Alvaro Edson Ramos, additional, Leung, Stephanie, additional, Li, Yuanyuan, additional, Lias, Amelia M., additional, Liatsikos, Konstantinos, additional, Linder, Aline, additional, Lipworth, Samuel, additional, Liu, Shuchang, additional, Liu, Xinxue, additional, Lloyd, Adam, additional, Lloyd, Stephanie, additional, Loew, Lisa, additional, Lopez Ramon, Raquel, additional, Lora, Leandro Bonecker, additional, Luz, Kleber Giovanni, additional, MacDonald, Jonathan C., additional, MacGregor, Gordon, additional, Madhavan, Meera, additional, Mainwaring, David O., additional, Makambwa, Edson, additional, Makinson, Rebecca, additional, Malahleha, Mookho, additional, Malamatsho, Ross, additional, Mallett, Garry, additional, Manning, Nicola, additional, Mansatta, Kushal, additional, Maoko, Takalani, additional, Marinou, Spyridoula, additional, Marlow, Emma, additional, Marques, Gabriela N., additional, Marriott, Paula, additional, Marshall, Richard P., additional, Marshall, Julia L., additional, Masenya, Masebole, additional, Masilela, Mduduzi, additional, Masters, Shauna K., additional, Mathew, Moncy, additional, Matlebjane, Hosea, additional, Matshidiso, Kedidimetse, additional, Mazur, Olga, additional, Mazzella, Andrea, additional, McCaughan, Hugh, additional, McEwan, Joanne, additional, McGlashan, Joanna, additional, McInroy, Lorna, additional, McRobert, Nicky, additional, McSwiggan, Steve, additional, Megson, Clare, additional, Mehdipour, Savviz, additional, Meijs, Wilma, additional, Mendonça, Renata N.Õ., additional, Mentzer, Alexander J., additional, Mesquita, Ana Carolina F., additional, Miralhes, Patricia, additional, Mirtorabi, Neginsadat, additional, Mitton, Celia, additional, Mnyakeni, Sibusiso, additional, Moghaddas, Fiona, additional, Molapo, Kgaogelo, additional, Moloi, Mapule, additional, Moore, Maria, additional, Moran, Marni, additional, Morey, Ella, additional, Morgans, Róisín, additional, Morris, Susan J., additional, Morris, Sheila, additional, Morrison, Hazel, additional, Morselli, Franca, additional, Morshead, Gertraud, additional, Morter, Richard, additional, Mottay, Lynelle, additional, Moultrie, Andrew, additional, Moyo, Nathifa, additional, Mpelembue, Mushiya, additional, Msomi, Sibekezelo, additional, Mugodi, Yvonne, additional, Mukhopadhyay, Ekta, additional, Muller, Jilly, additional, Munro, Alasdair, additional, Murphy, Sarah, additional, Mweu, Philomena, additional, Myerscough, Christopher, additional, Naik, Gurudutt, additional, Naker, Kush, additional, Nastouli, Eleni, additional, Ndlovu, Bongani, additional, Nikolaou, Elissavet, additional, Njenga, Cecilia, additional, Noal, Helena C., additional, Noé, Andrés, additional, Novaes, Gabrielle, additional, Nugent, Fay L., additional, Nunes, Géssika Lanzillo A., additional, O'Brien, Katie, additional, O'Connor, Daniel, additional, Oelofse, Suzette, additional, Oguti, Blanche, additional, Olchawski, Victoria, additional, Oldfield, Neil J., additional, Oliveira, Marianne G., additional, Oliveira, Catarina, additional, Oliveira, Isabelle Silva Queiroz, additional, Oommen-Jose, Aylin, additional, Oosthuizen, Angela, additional, O'Reilly, Paula, additional, O'Reilly, Peter J., additional, Osborne, Piper, additional, Owen, David R.J., additional, Owen, Lydia, additional, Owens, Daniel, additional, Owino, Nelly, additional, Pacurar, Mihaela, additional, Paiva, Brenda V.B., additional, Palhares, Edna M.F., additional, Palmer, Susan, additional, Parracho, Helena M. R.T., additional, Parsons, Karen, additional, Patel, Dipak, additional, Patel, Bhumika, additional, Patel, Faeezah, additional, Patrick-Smith, Maia, additional, Payne, Ruth O., additional, Peng, Yanchun, additional, Penn, Elizabeth J., additional, Pennington, Anna, additional, Peralta Alvarez, Marco Polo, additional, Pereira Stuchi, Bruno Pereira, additional, Perez, Ana Luiza, additional, Perinpanathan, Tanaraj, additional, Perring, James, additional, Perumal, Rubeshan, additional, Petkar, Sahir Yusuf, additional, Philip, Tricia, additional, Phillips, Jennifer, additional, Phohu, Mary Kgomotso, additional, Pickup, Lorinda, additional, Pieterse, Sonja, additional, Pinheiro, Jessica Morgana, additional, Piper, Jo, additional, Pipini, Dimitra, additional, Plank, Mary, additional, Plant, Sinéad, additional, Pollard, Samuel, additional, Pooley, Jennifer, additional, Pooran, Anil, additional, Poulton, Ian, additional, Powers, Claire, additional, Presa, Fernando B., additional, Price, David A., additional, Price, Vivien, additional, Primeira, Marcelo R., additional, Proud, Pamela C., additional, Provstgaard-Morys, Samuel, additional, Pueschel, Sophie, additional, Pulido, David, additional, Quaid, Sheena, additional, Rabara, Ria, additional, Radia, Kajal, additional, Rajapaska, Durga, additional, Rajeswaran, Thurkka, additional, Ramos, Leonardo, additional, Ramos, Alberto San Francisco, additional, Ramos Lopez, Fernando, additional, Rampling, Tommy, additional, Rand, Jade, additional, Ratcliffe, Helen, additional, Rawlinson, Tom, additional, Rea, David, additional, Rees, Byron, additional, Resuello-Dauti, Mila, additional, Reyes Pabon, Emilia, additional, Rhead, Sarah, additional, Riaz, Tawassal, additional, Ricamara, Marivic, additional, Richards, Alexander, additional, Richter, Alex, additional, Ritchie, Neil, additional, Ritchie, Adam J., additional, Robbins, Alexander J., additional, Roberts, Hannah, additional, Robinson, Ryan E., additional, Roche, Sophie, additional, Rollier, Christine, additional, Rose, Louisa, additional, Ross Russell, Amy L., additional, Rossouw, Lindie, additional, Royal, Simon, additional, Rudiansyah, Indra, additional, Ryalls, Kim, additional, Sabine, Charlotte, additional, Saich, Stephen, additional, Sale, Jessica C., additional, Salman, Ahmed M., additional, Salvador, Natalia, additional, Salvador, Stephannie, additional, Sampaio, Milla Dias, additional, Samson, Annette D., additional, Sanchez-Gonzalez, Amada, additional, Sanders, Helen, additional, Sanders, Katherine, additional, Santos, Erika, additional, Santos Guerra, Mayara F.S., additional, Satti, Iman, additional, Saunders, Jack E., additional, Saunders, Caroline, additional, Sayed, Aakifah Bibi Arif, additional, Schim van der Loeff, Ina, additional, Schmid, Annina B., additional, Schofield, Ella, additional, Screaton, Gavin R., additional, Seddiqi, Samiullah, additional, Segireddy, Rameswara R., additional, Senger, Roberta, additional, Serrano, Sonia, additional, Shaik, Imam, additional, Sharpe, Hannah R., additional, Sharrocks, Katherine, additional, Shaw, Robert, additional, Shea, Adam, additional, Sheehan, Emma, additional, Shepherd, Amy, additional, Shiham, Farah, additional, Silk, Sarah E., additional, Silva-Reyes, Laura, additional, Silveira, Lidiana B. 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Published
2021
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16. The circulating SARS-CoV-2 spike variant N439K maintains fitness while evading antibody-mediated immunity

Author

Thomson, Emma C., Rosen, Laura E., Shepherd, James G., Spreafico, Roberto, da Silva Filipe, Ana, Wojcechowskyj, Jason A., Davis, Chris, Piccoli, Luca, Pascall, David J., Dillen, Josh, Lytras, Spyros, Czudnochowski, Nadine, Shah, Rajiv, Meury, Marcel, Jesudason, Natasha, De Marco, Anna, Li, Kathy, Bassi, Jessica, O’Toole, Aine, Pinto, Dora, Colquhoun, Rachel M., Culap, Katja, Jackson, Ben, Zatta, Fabrizia, Rambaut, Andrew, Jaconi, Stefano, Sreenu, Vattipally B., Nix, Jay, Jarrett, Ruth F., Beltramello, Martina, Nomikou, Kyriaki, Pizzuto, Matteo, Tong, Lily, Cameroni, Elisabetta, Johnson, Natasha, Wickenhagen, Arthur, Ceschi, Alessandro, Mair, Daniel, Ferrari, Paolo, Smollett, Katherine, Sallusto, Federica, Carmichael, Stephen, Garzoni, Christian, Nichols, Jenna, Galli, Massimo, Hughes, Joseph, Riva, Agostino, Ho, Antonia, Semple, Malcolm G., Openshaw, Peter J.M., Baillie, J. Kenneth, Rihn, Suzannah J., Lycett, Samantha J., Virgin, Herbert W., Telenti, Amalio, Corti, Davide, Robertson, David L., Snell, Gyorgy, and Fadda, Elisa

Subjects
Immune system, biology, medicine.drug_class, Immunity, Polyclonal antibodies, biology.protein, medicine, Virulence, Antibody, Monoclonal antibody, Receptor, Virology, Virus
Abstract

SARS-CoV-2 can mutate to evade immunity, with consequences for the efficacy of emerging vaccines and antibody therapeutics. Herein we demonstrate that the immunodominant SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) receptor binding motif (RBM) is the most divergent region of S, and provide epidemiological, clinical, and molecular characterization of a prevalent RBM variant, N439K. We demonstrate that N439K S protein has enhanced binding affinity to the hACE2 receptor, and that N439K virus has similar clinical outcomes and in vitro replication fitness as compared to wild- type. We observed that the N439K mutation resulted in immune escape from a panel of neutralizing monoclonal antibodies, including one in clinical trials, as well as from polyclonal sera from a sizeable fraction of persons recovered from infection. Immune evasion mutations that maintain virulence and fitness such as N439K can emerge within SARS-CoV-2 S, highlighting the need for ongoing molecular surveillance to guide development and usage of vaccines and therapeutics.

Published
2020

17. Safety and efficacy of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine (AZD1222) against SARS-CoV-2: an interim analysis of four randomised controlled trials in Brazil, South Africa, and the UK

Author

Voysey, Merryn, primary, Clemens, Sue Ann Costa, additional, Madhi, Shabir A, additional, Weckx, Lily Y, additional, Folegatti, Pedro M, additional, Aley, Parvinder K, additional, Angus, Brian, additional, Baillie, Vicky L, additional, Barnabas, Shaun L, additional, Bhorat, Qasim E, additional, Bibi, Sagida, additional, Briner, Carmen, additional, Cicconi, Paola, additional, Collins, Andrea M, additional, Colin-Jones, Rachel, additional, Cutland, Clare L, additional, Darton, Thomas C, additional, Dheda, Keertan, additional, Duncan, Christopher J A, additional, Emary, Katherine R W, additional, Ewer, Katie J, additional, Fairlie, Lee, additional, Faust, Saul N, additional, Feng, Shuo, additional, Ferreira, Daniela M, additional, Finn, Adam, additional, Goodman, Anna L, additional, Green, Catherine M, additional, Green, Christopher A, additional, Heath, Paul T, additional, Hill, Catherine, additional, Hill, Helen, additional, Hirsch, Ian, additional, Hodgson, Susanne H C, additional, Izu, Alane, additional, Jackson, Susan, additional, Jenkin, Daniel, additional, Joe, Carina C D, additional, Kerridge, Simon, additional, Koen, Anthonet, additional, Kwatra, Gaurav, additional, Lazarus, Rajeka, additional, Lawrie, Alison M, additional, Lelliott, Alice, additional, Libri, Vincenzo, additional, Lillie, Patrick J, additional, Mallory, Raburn, additional, Mendes, Ana V A, additional, Milan, Eveline P, additional, Minassian, Angela M, additional, McGregor, Alastair, additional, Morrison, Hazel, additional, Mujadidi, Yama F, additional, Nana, Anusha, additional, O’Reilly, Peter J, additional, Padayachee, Sherman D, additional, Pittella, Ana, additional, Plested, Emma, additional, Pollock, Katrina M, additional, Ramasamy, Maheshi N, additional, Rhead, Sarah, additional, Schwarzbold, Alexandre V, additional, Singh, Nisha, additional, Smith, Andrew, additional, Song, Rinn, additional, Snape, Matthew D, additional, Sprinz, Eduardo, additional, Sutherland, Rebecca K, additional, Tarrant, Richard, additional, Thomson, Emma C, additional, Török, M Estée, additional, Toshner, Mark, additional, Turner, David P J, additional, Vekemans, Johan, additional, Villafana, Tonya L, additional, Watson, Marion E E, additional, Williams, Christopher J, additional, Douglas, Alexander D, additional, Hill, Adrian V S, additional, Lambe, Teresa, additional, Gilbert, Sarah C, additional, Pollard, Andrew J, additional, Aban, Marites, additional, Abayomi, Fatola, additional, Abeyskera, Kushala, additional, Aboagye, Jeremy, additional, Adam, Matthew, additional, Adams, Kirsty, additional, Adamson, James, additional, Adelaja, Yemi A., additional, Adewetan, Gbadebo, additional, Adlou, Syed, additional, Ahmed, Khatija, additional, Akhalwaya, Yasmeen, additional, Akhalwaya, Saajida, additional, Alcock, Andrew, additional, Ali, Aabidah, additional, Allen, Elizabeth R., additional, Allen, Lauren, additional, Almeida, Thamires C. D. S. C, additional, Alves, Mariana P.S., additional, Amorim, Fabio, additional, Andritsou, Foteini, additional, Anslow, Rachel, additional, Appleby, Matthew, additional, Arbe-Barnes, Edward H., additional, Ariaans, Mark P., additional, Arns, Beatriz, additional, Arruda, Laiana, additional, Azi, Paula, additional, Azi, Lorena, additional, Babbage, Gavin, additional, Bailey, Catherine, additional, Baker, Kenneth F., additional, Baker, Megan, additional, Baker, Natalie, additional, Baker, Philip, additional, Baldwin, Lisa, additional, Baleanu, Ioana, additional, Bandeira, Danieli, additional, Bara, Anna, additional, Barbosa, Marcella A.S., additional, Barker, Debbie, additional, Barlow, Gavin D., additional, Barnes, Eleanor, additional, Barr, Andrew S., additional, Barrett, Jordan R., additional, Barrett, Jessica, additional, Bates, Louise, additional, Batten, Alexander, additional, Beadon, Kirsten, additional, Beales, Emily, additional, Beckley, Rebecca, additional, Belij-Rammerstorfer, Sandra, additional, Bell, Jonathan, additional, Bellamy, Duncan, additional, Bellei, Nancy, additional, Belton, Sue, additional, Berg, Adam, additional, Bermejo, Laura, additional, Berrie, Eleanor, additional, Berry, Lisa, additional, Berzenyi, Daniella, additional, Beveridge, Amy, additional, Bewley, Kevin R., additional, Bexhell, Helen, additional, Bhikha, Sutika, additional, Bhorat, Asad E., additional, Bhorat, Zaheda E., additional, Bijker, Else, additional, Birch, Geeta, additional, Birch, Sarah, additional, Bird, Adam, additional, Bird, Olivia, additional, Bisnauthsing, Karen, additional, Bittaye, Mustapha, additional, Blackstone, Katherine, additional, Blackwell, Luke, additional, Bletchly, Heather, additional, Blundell, Caitlin L., additional, Blundell, Susannah R., additional, Bodalia, Pritesh, additional, Boettger, Bruno C., additional, Bolam, Emma, additional, Boland, Elena, additional, Bormans, Daan, additional, Borthwick, Nicola, additional, Bowring, Francesca, additional, Boyd, Amy, additional, Bradley, Penny, additional, Brenner, Tanja, additional, Brown, Phillip, additional, Brown, Claire, additional, Brown-O'Sullivan, Charlie, additional, Bruce, Scott, additional, Brunt, Emily, additional, Buchan, Ruaridh, additional, Budd, William, additional, Bulbulia, Yusuf A., additional, Bull, Melanie, additional, Burbage, Jamie, additional, Burhan, Hassan, additional, Burn, Aileen, additional, Buttigieg, Karen R., additional, Byard, Nicholas, additional, Cabera Puig, Ingrid, additional, Calderon, Gloria, additional, Calvert, Anna, additional, Camara, Susana, additional, Cao, Michelangelo, additional, Cappuccini, Federica, additional, Cardoso, João R., additional, Carr, Melanie, additional, Carroll, Miles W., additional, Carson-Stevens, Andrew, additional, Carvalho, Yasmin de M., additional, Carvalho, José A.M., additional, Casey, Helen R., additional, Cashen, Paul, additional, Castro, Thais, additional, Castro, Lucia Carratala, additional, Cathie, Katrina, additional, Cavey, Ana, additional, Cerbino-Neto, José, additional, Chadwick, Jim, additional, Chapman, David, additional, Charlton, Sue, additional, Chelysheva, Irina, additional, Chester, Oliver, additional, Chita, Sunder, additional, Cho, Jee-Sun, additional, Cifuentes, Liliana, additional, Clark, Elizabeth, additional, Clark, Matthew, additional, Clarke, Andrea, additional, Clutterbuck, Elizabeth A., additional, Collins, Sarah L.K., additional, Conlon, Christopher P., additional, Connarty, Sean, additional, Coombes, Naomi, additional, Cooper, Cushla, additional, Cooper, Rachel, additional, Cornelissen, Lynne, additional, Corrah, Tumena, additional, Cosgrove, Catherine, additional, Cox, Tony, additional, Crocker, Wendy E.M., additional, Crosbie, Sarah, additional, Cullen, Lorraine, additional, Cullen, Dan, additional, Cunha, Debora R.M.F., additional, Cunningham, Christina, additional, Cuthbertson, Fiona C., additional, Da Guarda, Suzete N. 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Francis, Emma, additional, Franco, Marilia M., additional, Frater, John, additional, Freire, Marilúcia S.M., additional, Fry, Samantha H., additional, Fudge, Sabrina, additional, Furze, Julie, additional, Fuskova, Michelle, additional, Galian-Rubio, Pablo, additional, Galiza, Eva, additional, Garlant, Harriet, additional, Gavrila, Madita, additional, Geddes, Ailsa, additional, Gibbons, Karyna A., additional, Gilbride, Ciaran, additional, Gill, Hardeep, additional, Glynn, Sharon, additional, Godwin, Kerry, additional, Gokani, Karishma, additional, Goldoni, Ursula Carvalho, additional, Goncalves, Maria, additional, Gonzalez, Isabela G.S., additional, Goodwin, Jayne, additional, Goondiwala, Amina, additional, Gordon-Quayle, Katherine, additional, Gorini, Giacomo, additional, Grab, Janet, additional, Gracie, Lara, additional, Greenland, Melanie, additional, Greenwood, Nicola, additional, Greffrath, Johann, additional, Groenewald, Marisa M., additional, Grossi, Leonardo, additional, Gupta, Gaurav, additional, Hackett, Mark, additional, Hallis, Bassam, additional, Hamaluba, Mainga, additional, Hamilton, Elizabeth, additional, Hamlyn, Joseph, additional, Hammersley, Daniel, additional, Hanrath, Aidan T., additional, Hanumunthadu, Brama, additional, Harris, Stephanie A., additional, Harris, Clair, additional, Harris, Tara, additional, Harrison, Thomas D., additional, Harrison, Daisy, additional, Hart, Thomas C., additional, Hartnell, Birgit, additional, Hassan, Shadin, additional, Haughney, John, additional, Hawkins, Sophia, additional, Hay, Jodie, additional, Head, Ian, additional, Henry, John, additional, Hermosin Herrera, Macarena, additional, Hettle, David B., additional, Hill, Jennifer, additional, Hodges, Gina, additional, Horne, Elizea, additional, Hou, Mimi M., additional, Houlihan, Catherine, additional, Howe, Elizabeth, additional, Howell, Nicola, additional, Humphreys, Jonathan, additional, Humphries, Holly E., additional, Hurley, Katrina, additional, Huson, Claire, additional, Hyder-Wright, Angela, additional, Hyams, Catherine, additional, Ikram, Sabina, additional, Ishwarbhai, Alka, additional, Ivan, Monica, additional, Iveson, Poppy, additional, Iyer, Vidyashankara, additional, Jackson, Frederic, additional, De Jager, Jeanne, additional, Jaumdally, Shameem, additional, Jeffers, Helen, additional, Jesudason, Natasha, additional, Jones, Bryony, additional, Jones, Kathryn, additional, Jones, Elizabeth, additional, Jones, Christopher, additional, Jorge, Marianna Rocha, additional, Jose, Aylin, additional, Joshi, Amar, additional, Júnior, Eduardo A.M.S., additional, Kadziola, Joanne, additional, Kailath, Reshma, additional, Kana, Faeeza, additional, Karampatsas, Konstantinos, additional, Kasanyinga, Mwila, additional, Keen, Jade, additional, Kelly, Elizabeth J., additional, Kelly, Dearbhla M., additional, Kelly, Debbie, additional, Kelly, Sarah, additional, Kerr, David, additional, Kfouri, Renato de Ávila, additional, Khan, Liaquat, additional, Khozoee, Baktash, additional, Kidd, Sarah, additional, Killen, Annabel, additional, Kinch, Jasmin, additional, Kinch, Patrick, additional, King, Lloyd D.W., additional, King, Thomas B., additional, Kingham, Lucy, additional, Klenerman, Paul, additional, Knapper, Francesca, additional, Knight, Julian C., additional, Knott, Daniel, additional, Koleva, Stanislava, additional, Lang, Matilda, additional, Lang, Gail, additional, Larkworthy, Colin W., additional, Larwood, Jessica P.J., additional, Law, Rebecca, additional, Lazarus, Erica M., additional, Leach, Amanda, additional, Lees, Emily A., additional, Lemm, Nana-Marie, additional, Lessa, Alvaro, additional, Leung, Stephanie, additional, Li, Yuanyuan, additional, Lias, Amelia M., additional, Liatsikos, Kostas, additional, Linder, Aline, additional, Lipworth, Samuel, additional, Liu, Shuchang, additional, Liu, Xinxue, additional, Lloyd, Adam, additional, Lloyd, Stephanie, additional, Loew, Lisa, additional, Lopez Ramon, Raquel, additional, Lora, Leandro, additional, Lowthorpe, Vicki, additional, Luz, Kleber, additional, MacDonald, Jonathan C., additional, MacGregor, Gordon, additional, Madhavan, Meera, additional, Mainwaring, David O., additional, Makambwa, Edson, additional, Makinson, Rebecca, additional, Malahleha, Mookho, additional, Malamatsho, Ross, additional, Mallett, Garry, additional, Mansatta, Kushal, additional, Maoko, Takalani, additional, Mapetla, Katlego, additional, Marchevsky, Natalie G., additional, Marinou, Spyridoula, additional, Marlow, Emma, additional, Marques, Gabriela N., additional, Marriott, Paula, additional, Marshall, Richard P., additional, Marshall, Julia L., additional, Martins, Flávia J., additional, Masenya, Masebole, additional, Masilela, Mduduzi, additional, Masters, Shauna K., additional, Mathew, Moncy, additional, Matlebjane, Hosea, additional, Matshidiso, Kedidimetse, additional, Mazur, Olga, additional, Mazzella, Andrea, additional, McCaughan, Hugh, additional, McEwan, Joanne, additional, McGlashan, Joanna, additional, McInroy, Lorna, additional, McIntyre, Zoe, additional, McLenaghan, Daniela, additional, McRobert, Nicky, additional, McSwiggan, Steve, additional, Megson, Clare, additional, Mehdipour, Savviz, additional, Meijs, Wilma, additional, Mendonça, Renata N.Á., additional, Mentzer, Alexander J., additional, Mirtorabi, Neginsadat, additional, Mitton, Celia, additional, Mnyakeni, Sibusiso, additional, Moghaddas, Fiona, additional, Molapo, Kgaogelo, additional, Moloi, Mapule, additional, Moore, Maria, additional, Moraes-Pinto, M. Isabel, additional, Moran, Marni, additional, Morey, Ella, additional, Morgans, Róisín, additional, Morris, Susan, additional, Morris, Sheila, additional, Morris, Helen C., additional, Morselli, Franca, additional, Morshead, Gertraud, additional, Morter, Richard, additional, Mottal, Lynelle, additional, Moultrie, Andrew, additional, Moya, Nathifa, additional, Mpelembue, Mushiya, additional, Msomi, Sibekezelo, additional, Mugodi, Yvonne, additional, Mukhopadhyay, Ekta, additional, Muller, Jilly, additional, Munro, Alasdair, additional, Munro, Claire, additional, Murphy, Sarah, additional, Mweu, Philomena, additional, Myasaki, Celia Hatsuko, additional, Naik, Gurudutt, additional, Naker, Kush, additional, Nastouli, Eleni, additional, Nazir, Abida, additional, Ndlovu, Bongani, additional, Neffa, Fabio, additional, Njenga, Cecilia, additional, Noal, Helena, additional, Noé, Andrés, additional, Novaes, Gabrielle, additional, Nugent, Fay L., additional, Nunes, Géssika, additional, O'Brien, Katie, additional, O'Connor, Daniel, additional, Odam, Miranda, additional, Oelofse, Suzette, additional, Oguti, Blanche, additional, Olchawski, Victoria, additional, Oldfield, Neil J., additional, Oliveira, Marianne G., additional, Oliveira, Catarina, additional, Oosthuizen, Angela, additional, O'Reilly, Paula, additional, Osborne, Piper, additional, Owen, David R.J., additional, Owen, Lydia, additional, Owens, Daniel, additional, Owino, Nelly, additional, Pacurar, Mihaela, additional, Paiva, Brenda V.B., additional, Palhares, Edna M.F., additional, Palmer, Susan, additional, Parkinson, Sivapriyai, additional, Parracho, Helena M.R.T., additional, Parsons, Karen, additional, Patel, Dipak, additional, Patel, Bhumika, additional, Patel, Faeezah, additional, Patel, Kelly, additional, Patrick-Smith, Maia, additional, Payne, Ruth O., additional, Peng, Yanchun, additional, Penn, Elizabeth J., additional, Pennington, Anna, additional, Peralta Alvarez, Marco Polo, additional, Perring, James, additional, Perry, Nicola, additional, Perumal, Rubeshan, additional, Petkar, Sahir, additional, Philip, Tricia, additional, Phillips, Daniel J., additional, Phillips, Jennifer, additional, Phohu, Mary Kgomotso, additional, Pickup, Lorinda, additional, Pieterse, Sonja, additional, Piper, Jo, additional, Pipini, Dimitra, additional, Plank, Mary, additional, Du Plessis, Joan, additional, Pollard, Samuel, additional, Pooley, Jennifer, additional, Pooran, Anil, additional, Poulton, Ian, additional, Powers, Claire, additional, Presa, Fernando B., additional, Price, David A., additional, Price, Vivien, additional, Primeira, Marcelo, additional, Proud, Pamela C., additional, Provstgaard-Morys, Samuel, additional, Pueschel, Sophie, additional, Pulido, David, additional, Quaid, Sheena, additional, Rabara, Ria, additional, Radford, Alexandra, additional, Radia, Kajal, additional, Rajapaska, Durga, additional, Rajeswaran, Thurkka, additional, Ramos, Alberto San Francisco, additional, Ramos Lopez, Fernando, additional, Rampling, Tommy, additional, Rand, Jade, additional, Ratcliffe, Helen, additional, Rawlinson, Tom, additional, Rea, David, additional, Rees, Byron, additional, Reiné, Jesús, additional, Resuello-Dauti, Mila, additional, Reyes Pabon, Emilia, additional, Ribiero, Carla M., additional, Ricamara, Marivic, additional, Richter, Alex, additional, Ritchie, Neil, additional, Ritchie, Adam J., additional, Robbins, Alexander J., additional, Roberts, Hannah, additional, Robinson, Ryan E., additional, Robinson, Hannah, additional, Rocchetti, Talita T., additional, Rocha, Beatriz Pinho, additional, Roche, Sophie, additional, Rollier, Christine, additional, Rose, Louisa, additional, Ross Russell, Amy L., additional, Rossouw, Lindie, additional, Royal, Simon, additional, Rudiansyah, Indra, additional, Ruiz, Sarah, additional, Saich, Stephen, additional, Sala, Claudia, additional, Sale, Jessica, additional, Salman, Ahmed M., additional, Salvador, Natalia, additional, Salvador, Stephannie, additional, Sampaio, Milla, additional, Samson, Annette D., additional, Sanchez-Gonzalez, Amada, additional, Sanders, Helen, additional, Sanders, Katherine, additional, Santos, Erika, additional, Santos Guerra, Mayara F.S., additional, Satti, Iman, additional, Saunders, Jack E., additional, Saunders, Caroline, additional, Sayed, Aakifah, additional, Schim van der Loeff, Ina, additional, Schmid, Annina B., additional, Schofield, Ella, additional, Screaton, Gavin, additional, Seddiqi, Samiullah, additional, Segireddy, Rameswara R., additional, Senger, Roberta, additional, Serrano, Sonia, additional, Shah, Rajiv, additional, Shaik, Imam, additional, Sharpe, Hannah E., additional, Sharrocks, Katherine, additional, Shaw, Robert, additional, Shea, Adam, additional, Shepherd, Amy, additional, Shepherd, James G., additional, Shiham, Farah, additional, Sidhom, Emad, additional, Silk, Sarah E., additional, da Silva Moraes, Antonio Carlos, additional, Silva-Junior, Gilberto, additional, Silva-Reyes, Laura, additional, Silveira, Anderson D., additional, Silveira, Mariana B.V., additional, Sinha, Jaisi, additional, Skelly, Donal T., additional, Smith, Daniel C., additional, Smith, Nick, additional, Smith, Holly E., additional, Smith, David J., additional, Smith, Catherine C., additional, Soares, Airanuédida, additional, Soares, Tiago, additional, Solórzano, Carla, additional, Sorio, Guilherme L., additional, Sorley, Kim, additional, Sosa-Rodriguez, Tiffany, additional, Souza, Cinthia M.C.D.L., additional, Souza, Bruno S.D.F., additional, Souza, Alessandra R., additional, Spencer, Alexandra J., additional, Spina, Fernanda, additional, Spoors, Louise, additional, Stafford, Lizzie, additional, Stamford, Imogen, additional, Starinskij, Igor, additional, Stein, Ricardo, additional, Steven, Jill, additional, Stockdale, Lisa, additional, Stockwell, Lisa V., additional, Strickland, Louise H., additional, Stuart, Arabella C., additional, Sturdy, Ann, additional, Sutton, Natalina, additional, Szigeti, Anna, additional, Tahiri-Alaoui, Abdessamad, additional, Tanner, Rachel, additional, Taoushanis, Carol, additional, Tarr, Alexander W., additional, Taylor, Keja, additional, Taylor, Ursula, additional, Taylor, Iona Jennifer, additional, Taylor, Justin, additional, te Water Naude, Rebecca, additional, Themistocleous, Yrene, additional, Themistocleous, Andreas, additional, Thomas, Merin, additional, Thomas, Kelly, additional, Thomas, Tonia M., additional, Thombrayil, Asha, additional, Thompson, Fawziyah, additional, Thompson, Amber, additional, Thompson, Kevin, additional, Thompson, Ameeka, additional, Thomson, Julia, additional, Thornton-Jones, Viv, additional, Tighe, Patrick J., additional, Tinoco, Lygia Accioly, additional, Tiongson, Gerlynn, additional, Tladinyane, Bonolo, additional, Tomasicchio, Michele, additional, Tomic, Adriana, additional, Tonks, Susan, additional, Towner, James, additional, Tran, Nguyen, additional, Tree, Julia, additional, Trillana, Gerry, additional, Trinham, Charlotte, additional, Trivett, Rose, additional, Truby, Adam, additional, Tsheko, Betty Lebogang, additional, Turabi, Aadil, additional, Turner, Richard, additional, Turner, Cheryl, additional, Ulaszewska, Marta, additional, Underwood, Benjamin R., additional, Varughese, Rachel, additional, Verbart, Dennis, additional, Verheul, Marije, additional, Vichos, Iason, additional, Vieira, Taiane, additional, Waddington, Claire S., additional, Walker, Laura, additional, Wallis, Erica, additional, Wand, Matthew, additional, Warbick, Deborah, additional, Wardell, Theresa, additional, Warimwe, George, additional, Warren, Sarah C., additional, Watkins, Bridget, additional, Watson, Ekaterina, additional, Webb, Stewart, additional, Webb-Bridges, Alice, additional, Webster, Angela, additional, Welch, Jessica, additional, Wells, Jeanette, additional, West, Alison, additional, White, Caroline, additional, White, Rachel, additional, Williams, Paul, additional, Williams, Rachel L., additional, Winslow, Rebecca, additional, Woodyer, Mark, additional, Worth, Andrew T., additional, Wright, Danny, additional, Wroblewska, Marzena, additional, Yao, Andy, additional, Zimmer, Rafael, additional, Zizi, Dalila, additional, and Zuidewind, Peter, additional

Published
2021
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18. Evaluating the effects of SARS-CoV-2 Spike mutation D614G on transmissibility and pathogenicity

Author

Volz, Erik, primary, Hill, Verity, additional, McCrone, John T., additional, Price, Anna, additional, Jorgensen, David, additional, O’Toole, Áine, additional, Southgate, Joel, additional, Johnson, Robert, additional, Jackson, Ben, additional, Nascimento, Fabricia F., additional, Rey, Sara M., additional, Nicholls, Samuel M., additional, Colquhoun, Rachel M., additional, da Silva Filipe, Ana, additional, Shepherd, James, additional, Pascall, David J., additional, Shah, Rajiv, additional, Jesudason, Natasha, additional, Li, Kathy, additional, Jarrett, Ruth, additional, Pacchiarini, Nicole, additional, Bull, Matthew, additional, Geidelberg, Lily, additional, Siveroni, Igor, additional, Goodfellow, Ian, additional, Loman, Nicholas J., additional, Pybus, Oliver G., additional, Robertson, David L., additional, Thomson, Emma C., additional, Rambaut, Andrew, additional, and Connor, Thomas R., additional

Published
2020
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19. Genomic epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 spread in Scotland highlights the role of European travel in COVID-19 emergence

Author

Filipe, Ana da Silva, primary, Shepherd, James, additional, Williams, Thomas, additional, Hughes, Joseph, additional, Aranday-Cortes, Elihu, additional, Asamaphan, Patawee, additional, Balcazar, Carlos, additional, Brunker, Kirstyn, additional, Carmichael, Stephen, additional, Dewar, Rebecca, additional, Gallagher, Michael D., additional, Gunson, Rory, additional, Ho, Antonia, additional, Jesudason, Natasha, additional, Johnson, Natasha, additional, Leitch, E Carol McWilliam, additional, Li, Kathy, additional, MacLean, Alasdair, additional, Mair, Daniel, additional, McDonald, Sarah E., additional, McHugh, Martin, additional, Nichols, Jenna, additional, Niebel, Marc, additional, Nomikou, Kyriaki, additional, Orton, Richard J, additional, O’Toole, Áine, additional, Palmarini, Massimo, additional, Parr, Yasmin A., additional, Rambaut, Andrew, additional, Rooke, Stefan, additional, Shaaban, Sharif, additional, Shah, Rajiv, additional, Singer, Joshua B., additional, Smollett, Katherine, additional, Starinskij, Igor, additional, Tong, Lily, additional, Vattipally, Sreenu, additional, Wastnedge, Elizabeth, additional, Robertson, David L, additional, Holden, Matthew T.G., additional, Templeton, Kate, additional, and Thomson, Emma C., additional

Published
2020
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20. Publisher Correction: Genomic epidemiology reveals multiple introductions of SARS-CoV-2 from mainland Europe into Scotland

Author

da Silva Filipe, Ana, Shepherd, James G., Williams, Thomas, Hughes, Joseph, Aranday-Cortes, Elihu, Asamaphan, Patawee, Ashraf, Shirin, Balcazar, Carlos, Brunker, Kirstyn, Campbell, Alasdair, Carmichael, Stephen, Davis, Chris, Dewar, Rebecca, Gallagher, Michael D., Gunson, Rory, Hill, Verity, Ho, Antonia, Jackson, Ben, James, Edward, Jesudason, Natasha, Johnson, Natasha, McWilliam Leitch, E. Carol, Li, Kathy, MacLean, Alasdair, Mair, Daniel, McAllister, David A., McCrone, John T., McDonald, Sarah E., McHugh, Martin P., Morris, A. Keith, Nichols, Jenna, Niebel, Marc, Nomikou, Kyriaki, Orton, Richard J., O’Toole, Áine, Palmarini, Massimo, Parcell, Benjamin J., Parr, Yasmin A., Rambaut, Andrew, Rooke, Stefan, Shaaban, Sharif, Shah, Rajiv, Singer, Joshua B., Smollett, Katherine, Starinskij, Igor, Tong, Lily, Sreenu, Vattipally B., Wastnedge, Elizabeth, Holden, Matthew T. G., Robertson, David L., Templeton, Kate, and Thomson, Emma C.

Subjects
Microbiology (medical), 2019-20 coronavirus outbreak, medicine.medical_specialty, Viral epidemiology, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), SARS-CoV-2, Viral Epidemiology, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), Immunology, Cell Biology, Publisher Correction, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Microbiology, Virology, Geography, Epidemiology, Genetics, medicine, Mainland
Abstract

A Correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41564-021-00869-0 .

Published
2021

21. Metagenomic next-generation sequencing aids the diagnosis of viral infections in febrile returning travellers

Author

Jerome, Hanna, primary, Taylor, Callum, additional, Sreenu, Vattipally B., additional, Klymenko, Tanya, additional, Filipe, Ana Da Silva, additional, Jackson, Celia, additional, Davis, Chris, additional, Ashraf, Shirin, additional, Wilson-Davies, Eleri, additional, Jesudason, Natasha, additional, Devine, Karen, additional, Harder, Lisbeth, additional, Aitken, Celia, additional, Gunson, Rory, additional, and Thomson, Emma C., additional

Published
2019
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22. Genetic epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 transmission in renal dialysis units - A high risk community-hospital interface.

Author

Li KK, Woo YM, Stirrup O, Hughes J, Ho A, Filipe ADS, Johnson N, Smollett K, Mair D, Carmichael S, Tong L, Nichols J, Aranday-Cortes E, Brunker K, Parr YA, Nomikou K, McDonald SE, Niebel M, Asamaphan P, Sreenu VB, Robertson DL, Taggart A, Jesudason N, Shah R, Shepherd J, Singer J, Taylor AHM, Cousland Z, Price J, Lees JS, Jones TPW, Lopez CV, MacLean A, Starinskij I, Gunson R, Morris STW, Thomson PC, Geddes CC, Traynor JP, Breuer J, Thomson EC, and Mark PB

Subjects
Bayes Theorem, Hospitals, Humans, Molecular Epidemiology, Renal Dialysis adverse effects, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2
Abstract

Objectives: Patients requiring haemodialysis are at increased risk of serious illness with SARS-CoV-2 infection. To improve the understanding of transmission risks in six Scottish renal dialysis units, we utilised the rapid whole-genome sequencing data generated by the COG-UK consortium., Methods: We combined geographical, temporal and genomic sequence data from the community and hospital to estimate the probability of infection originating from within the dialysis unit, the hospital or the community using Bayesian statistical modelling and compared these results to the details of epidemiological investigations., Results: Of 671 patients, 60 (8.9%) became infected with SARS-CoV-2, of whom 16 (27%) died. Within-unit and community transmission were both evident and an instance of transmission from the wider hospital setting was also demonstrated., Conclusions: Near-real-time SARS-CoV-2 sequencing data can facilitate tailored infection prevention and control measures, which can be targeted at reducing risk in these settings., Competing Interests: Declaration of interests The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)

Published
2021
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23. Author Correction: Genomic epidemiology reveals multiple introductions of SARS-CoV-2 from mainland Europe into Scotland.

Author

da Silva Filipe A, Shepherd JG, Williams T, Hughes J, Aranday-Cortes E, Asamaphan P, Ashraf S, Balcazar C, Brunker K, Campbell A, Carmichael S, Davis C, Dewar R, Gallagher MD, Gunson R, Hill V, Ho A, Jackson B, James E, Jesudason N, Johnson N, McWilliam Leitch EC, Li K, MacLean A, Mair D, McAllister DA, McCrone JT, McDonald SE, McHugh MP, Morris AK, Nichols J, Niebel M, Nomikou K, Orton RJ, O'Toole Á, Palmarini M, Parcell BJ, Parr YA, Rambaut A, Rooke S, Shaaban S, Shah R, Singer JB, Smollett K, Starinskij I, Tong L, Sreenu VB, Wastnedge E, Holden MTG, Robertson DL, Templeton K, and Thomson EC

Published
2021
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24. Genomic epidemiology reveals multiple introductions of SARS-CoV-2 from mainland Europe into Scotland.

Author

da Silva Filipe A, Shepherd JG, Williams T, Hughes J, Aranday-Cortes E, Asamaphan P, Ashraf S, Balcazar C, Brunker K, Campbell A, Carmichael S, Davis C, Dewar R, Gallagher MD, Gunson R, Hill V, Ho A, Jackson B, James E, Jesudason N, Johnson N, McWilliam Leitch EC, Li K, MacLean A, Mair D, McAllister DA, McCrone JT, McDonald SE, McHugh MP, Morris AK, Nichols J, Niebel M, Nomikou K, Orton RJ, O'Toole Á, Palmarini M, Parcell BJ, Parr YA, Rambaut A, Rooke S, Shaaban S, Shah R, Singer JB, Smollett K, Starinskij I, Tong L, Sreenu VB, Wastnedge E, Holden MTG, Robertson DL, Templeton K, and Thomson EC

Subjects
Adult, Aged, Europe epidemiology, Genome, Viral, High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Molecular Epidemiology, Phylogeny, SARS-CoV-2 isolation & purification, Spain epidemiology, Travel statistics & numerical data, COVID-19 epidemiology, COVID-19 virology, SARS-CoV-2 genetics
Abstract

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was first diagnosed in Scotland on 1 March 2020. During the first month of the outbreak, 2,641 cases of COVID-19 led to 1,832 hospital admissions, 207 intensive care admissions and 126 deaths. We aimed to identify the source and number of introductions of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) into Scotland using a combined phylogenetic and epidemiological approach. Sequencing of 1,314 SARS-CoV-2 viral genomes from available patient samples enabled us to estimate that SARS-CoV-2 was introduced to Scotland on at least 283 occasions during February and March 2020. Epidemiological analysis confirmed that early introductions of SARS-CoV-2 originated from mainland Europe (the majority from Italy and Spain). We identified subsequent early outbreaks in the community, within healthcare facilities and at an international conference. Community transmission occurred after 2 March, 3 weeks before control measures were introduced. Earlier travel restrictions or quarantine measures, both locally and internationally, would have reduced the number of COVID-19 cases in Scotland. The risk of multiple reintroduction events in future waves of infection remains high in the absence of population immunity.

Published
2021
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