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Moral distress is a complex phenomenon whereby a person feels tension, constraint, or conflict with an action or circumstance because it goes against their individual or the perceived collective (e.g., community, organizational, or professional association's) moral stance. In pediatric healthcare settings, managing and mitigating feelings of moral distress can be particularly difficult to navigate through because of the intricate dynamics between the pediatric patient, parent and/or legal guardians, and clinicians. The proactive integration of an experienced pediatric palliative care (PPC) team can be an appropriate step toward reducing clinicians feeling overwhelmed by various case-specific and team management issues that contribute to the development of moral distress among healthcare professionals. Based on our experiences in a free-standing, quaternary pediatric hospital, the involvement of PPC can help reframe the approach to challenging situations, enhance communication, and provide guidance to the care team, patients, and families. Moreover, PPC teams can benefit other multidisciplinary team members through education on respecting the plurality of values of diverse families and patients and consideration of ethical implications during morally challenging situations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Children with osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) live in fear of fracturing their bones. As fractures are unpredictable, there is a need for tools and knowledge to immobilize a fracture during emergencies. Inspired by a patient with OI recognized for fracture management, the aim of this patient-initiated project was to establish best practices for the safe splinting of fractures during emergencies, including the creation of an evidence-informed OI Splint Kit. Methods: A clinical practice guideline study was conducted to create an evidence-informed splint kit for patients. A systematic review of the literature was conducted to identify kits and materials used to immobilize fractures with splints during emergencies. An expert Task Force was convened to review the results and a timeline was established to create a splint kit. The prototype underwent iterative cycles of modifications based on feedback from the Task Force. Results: Four electronic databases were searched (Medline, CINHAL, PsychInfo, and Scopus), revealing zero publications pertaining to fracture immobilization kits. The Task Force used their clinical expertise and experiences to develop the OI Splint Kit. The following itemswere included: splinting tools, bilingual educational material, instructional cards, video tutorials, and memory card game. Conclusion: A gap remains in terms of validated kits to assist in fracture immobilization during emergencies. A portable and practical OI Splint Kit was developed to assist in fracture immobilization emergencies, based on interprofessional clinical expertise and patient experiential knowledge. The kit is subject to ongoing testing quality evaluations to ensure its suitability for use in various contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent literature in business education acknowledges the gender gap is diminishing. This study formulated and tested four hypotheses concerning the gender gap in entrepreneurship degrees and certificates awarded in the United States between 1996 and 2008. Integrated Research findings indicate that although female students outnumbered male students in general business education, fewer female students than male students were awarded entrepreneurship degrees and certificates. Interestingly, the majority of female students who pursued entrepreneurship degrees and certificates did so through associate colleges, while a higher percentage of male students pursued entrepreneurship degrees and certificates through doctoral and research universities. The authors provide possible explanations based on theories of schooling and society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]