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American National Biography provides access through a subscription to biographies of over 19,000 historical figures that helped to shape American history. The biographies span from pre-World War II to the present, with an emphasis on historical and cultural figures. The price varies and is based on subscription type and institution or a personal subscription, but primarily on number of users. The interface could use improvement in its advanced search features, response to queries, and incorporating automated responses. But searchability by occupation is a benefit. The content is ideal for basic research, serving needs of schools, the public, academics, and individuals with its concise content on each individual.

Art Museum Image Gallery provides access through a subscription to museum collections of over 156,000 high-quality images sourced from the Art Archive of Picture Desk, Inc. and includes paintings, prints, ceramics, sculpture, and other art. The images span from 3000 B.C. to the present, with an emphasis on cultural and area studies. The price varies and is based on subscribers’ overlap with packages and other factors unique to institution needs, but primarily is on bracket determined by number of users. The interface could use improvement in its limiters. But individual item displays surpass similar products by providing comprehensive data including copyright privileges, the artist, original source, subjects with live links, description, and accession numbers. A link also provides a higher quality version of each image with downloadable capability. Art Museum Image Gallery is best suited for educational use and is ideal for academics, schools, the public, and the government.

Rationale: The increased prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) coincides with a severe shortage of sleep physicians. There is a need for widescale home-sleep-testing devices with accurate aut...

Jensen’s article provides a poignant patient perspective and reflects well the experiences of many patients that were very sick at the peak of the first wave of covid-19 but were denied proper medical assessment and told to “stay at home.”1 Of course it is important to “show you care” and empathise with the patient. But, as part of an online group …

Background: Researchers are increasingly collecting large amounts of de-identified data about individuals to address important health-related challenges and answer fundamental questions. Current US federal regulations permit researchers to use already collected and stored de-identified health-related data from a variety of sources without seeking consent from patients. While multiple studies have explored patients’ views on the sharing of their health-related data, few have investigated their views on the policies and processes institutions have in place or should have in place for accessing, using, and sharing of data.Methods: We conducted 5 with individuals who live within a 20-mile radius of the local academic medical center. In addition, in order to increase the number of participants younger than 45 years of age, we held a focus group with undergraduates at a local university. Transcripts were analyzed using content analysis. The codebook was revised and refined, codes clarified, and disagreements resolved through discussion.Results: A total of 37 individuals participated, ages 18-76. Most participants were not surprised that researchers accessed and used de-identified personal information for research. For participants, transparency was key. They wanted to know when their data were accessed, for what purpose, and by whom. However, for some participants, just knowing their data had been accessed and used was not enough. Rather they wanted to have some control over the use of their data valuing the chance to opt-out. That said, wanting some control didn’t conflict with participants’ support of the use of their data for research. Most participants trusted their local academic medical institution, but were less trusting of other academic medical institutions and commercial entities. Finally, participants supported establishment of an advisory council or group with responsibility for deciding what data were used, who was accessing those data, and whether data could be shared. Conclusions: The trust people have in their local institutions should be considered fragile, and institutions should not take that trust for granted. How institutions choose to govern patients’ data and what voices they include in decisions about use and access are critical to maintaining the trust of the public.

We write as a group of doctors affected by persisting symptoms of suspected or confirmed covid-19. We aim to share our insights from both personal experience of the illness and our perspective as physicians. Tackling this problem will involve collaboration between politicians, healthcare services, public health professionals, scientists, and society. We call for the following principles to be used so that the best possible outcomes can be achieved for all people affected by persisting symptoms of covid-19. The effects of the virus should be studied in the way that any other disease would be, with thorough attention paid to epidemiology, pathophysiology, and management. “We still know very little about covid-19, but we do know that we cannot fight what we do not measure.”1 Research and surveillance need to capture the full spectrum of disease, including in those not admitted to hospital and not tested, to build an accurate picture of covid-19 phenotypes. We need a clear definition for recovery from covid-19. While further evidence is awaited, clinicians should “be open about uncertainty and transparent in the ways in which we acknowledge the limitations of the imperfect data we have no choice …

Recent theories on language and concepts suggest that when comprehending the sentence, the deafening jets soared over the UCSD campus, we activate perceptual systems that have previously been used for hearing and seeing related events. There is a growing body of research in support of the idea that perceptual features interact with meaning comprehension, but the current research is not sufficient to describe how and why this interaction occurs. The work presented here investigates the processing mechanisms behind the integration of language and perceptual systems. The studies focus first on property terms such as deafening, shiny and rough, that describe experiences in different perceptual modalities, and then on motion verbs such as soar and tumble. The results verify that information about perceptual modality and motion direction is available during comprehension. Furthermore, the results suggest that the stages of processing at which perceptual features of language are accessible and used are variable. In the semantic domain of motion for example, the results show perceptual motion information in language is processed at a high cognitive level and is influenced by context. The conclusions that fall out of the varied results are that language meaning has perceptual components as initially suggested, but also that language meaning might be co-opted by perceptual processes. We must not confuse these two related possibilities when investigating the perceptual nature of meaning

Background Although there is mounting clinical and cost-effectiveness evidence supporting integrative healthcare (IH), a significant knowledge gap hinders widespread adoption by health professionals. Intervention Foundations in Integrative Health (FIH), a 32-h online competency-based interprofessional course to address this knowledge gap. Methods The course was pilot-tested by an interprofessional sample of providers in various clinical settings as professional and staff development. Outcome Measures Prior to and following the course, participants completed an IH knowledge test, an IH self-efficacy self-assessment, and validated measures of burnout, wellness behaviors, and attitudes toward IH, interprofessional teams, and patient involvement. Evaluation surveys were administered following each unit and the course. Results Thirty-one percent of the participants (n = 214/690) completed the course. Pre/post course improvements were found in IH knowledge, IH self-efficacy, attitudes towards IH and interprofessional teams, and several wellness behaviors. The course was positively evaluated with 81% of the participants indicating interest in applying IH principles in their practice and 92% reported that the course enhanced their clinical experience. Conclusion This study demonstrates the outcomes of a multi-site, online IH curriculum offered to a diverse group of health professionals in various clinical settings. This course may allow clinical settings to offer an interprofessional, IH curriculum even with limited on-site faculty expertise.

Introduction The CRISIS simulation course at Epsom and St Helier Trust has been part of the trust mandatory training offering for three years with over 300 healthcare professionals having taken part. Aim This study aims to elicit broad themes from individual multidisciplinary responses collected both pre-course and post-course survey over three years using text analysis. Method 398 responses between June 2015 and June 2018 from the pre-course feedback survey were collected and reviewed using text analysis. These were then compared to 353 responses from the post-course survey feedback as part of a retrospective review over the same period. 13 questions were asked prior to the course and 22 questions after. The questions involving candidate text response were separated from categorical data trends and also reviewed using text analysis. The resulting themes drawn from both survey groups were reviewed with particular focus on participant expectations, perceived benefits and suggestions for improvement for future courses. Results and discussion The text responses were overwhelmingly positive but potential adjustments were suggested relating to relevant scenarios and the importance of regular exposure to simulation. Interesting observations also included, ‘Very useful with interdisciplinary team; debrief useful with alleviating stress and going over high intensity scenarios’ from a Band 4 Nurse and one Foundation Doctor noted, ‘Really good to do MDT sim. I find it much more useful than f2 only sim – replicates real life much better.’ Take home messages were categorised into human factor themes with 53% saying ‘sharing the mental model’ and 43% mentioning ‘closed loop communication.’ Communication, teamwork and graded assertiveness were also recurrent themes. Data analysis is still underway; however, these broad themes have already begun to emerge from participant feedback. In the post-course survey we asked, ‘How will you implement this into your clinical practice?’ 25% of the text responses mentioned communication and how specific communication tools learned on the simulation course would be their take home message. In the text comments on improvements for the course 10% responses mentioned CRISIS was useful but suggested it could be run more frequently, 7% said the course was excellent but 4% questioned how relevant some of the scenarios were. Simulation based education is a highly effective method for teaching, especially when this includes participants from different healthcare professions ranging from Health Care Assistants, Nurses and Doctors. Debriefing this diverse group can be challenging but affords an opportunity for a more enriched learning experience. References Okuda Y, Bryson EO, DeMaria S, et al. The utility of simulation in medical education: What is the evidence?Mt Sinai J Med2009;76:330–43. doi:10.1002/msj.20127 Perera J, Lee N, Win K, Perera J, Wijesuriya L. Formative feedback to students: The mismatch between faculty perceptions and student expectations. Medical Teacher2008;30(4):395–9. doi:10.1080/01421590801949966

Introduction The theatre environment is fast-paced and we identified it is logistically challenging for many theatre staff to access centre-based simulation training during normal hours. Therefore we designed a short recurrent, in-situ, multi-professional simulation programme. Simulation-based training is a valuable learning tool and there is a growing body of evidence supporting its integration into everyday healthcare education. Aim Our aim is to provide in-situ simulation training to a multidisciplinary theatre team during normal working hours, with minimal interruptions to theatre flow, in a familiar and safe environment, using a high-fidelity manikin from our dedicated Simulation Centre. The scenarios were selected based on common emergencies that manifest in recovery. Method We liaised with department managers to facilitate this in-situ recovery simulation. The anaesthetic secretary allocated an anaesthetist for the day we chose, the theatre co-ordinator nominated an operating department practitioner (ODP), the recovery nurse in charge selected 2 available recovery nurses and a South West Elective Orthopaedic Centre (SWELEOC) nurse. Pre-course material and an online survey was emailed out in advance to provide us with a baseline level of participant information. On the day we transferred the manikin on a trolley, with all necessary equipment and relevant hospital guidelines to the theatre recovery room for a 9 am start. Following a brief introduction to set psychological safety and introduce human factors, we ran through a single 15 min scenario e.g. management of anaphylaxis. After the simulation, participants re-convened to the simulation centre for a 30 min diamond debrief whilst we provided refreshments. Finally we collected instant post-course feedback. Results 30 members of staff have participated in six sessions over a nine month period from 2017–2018. The emphasis on a small multidisciplinary group meant that there was minimal disruption to the running of theatre, for 1.5 hours of teaching and learning centred on individual concerns in a safe environment. The feedback also highlighted that many felt more comfortable within the familiar theatre environment compared to the simulation centre. Comparing pre- and post-course survey results candidate’s confidence increased by 25%. Individual feedback was overwhelmingly positive with a senior nurse suggesting, ‘Theatre staff need more opportunities to do sim,’ and one anaesthetic trainee emphasised, ‘I’m more leading in real life after practicing in-situ sim.’ We continually develop our in-situ simulation course at Epsom based on real-life incidents and aim to expand by including our sister site St Helier’s Hospital recovery staff in 2018. References Issenberg SB, Mcgaghie WC, Petrusa ER, Gordon DL, Scalese RJ. Features and uses of high-fidelity medical simulations that lead to effective learning: A BEME systematic review. Medical Teacher2005;27:1:10–28. doi:10.1080/01421590500046924 Jaye P, Thomas L, Reedy G. The diamond: A structure for simulation debrief. Clin Teach2015;12:171–5.

Morphological, mitochondrial, and nuclear phylogenomic data were combined to address phylogenetic and species delimitation questions in cave-limitedCicurinaspiders from central Texas. Special effort was focused on specimens and cave locations in the San Antonio region (Bexar County), home to four eyeless species listed as US Federally Endangered. Sequence capture experiments resulted in the recovery of ~200–400 homologous ultra-conserved element (UCE) nuclear loci across taxa, and nearly complete COI mitochondrial DNA sequences from the same set of individuals. Some of these nuclear and mitochondrial sequences were recovered from “standard” museum specimens without special preservation of DNA material, including museum specimens preserved in the 1990s. Multiple phylogenetic analyses of the UCE data agree in the recovery of two major lineages of eyelessCicurinain Texas. These lineages also differ in mitochondrial clade membership, female genitalic morphology, degree of troglomorphy (as measured by relative leg length), and are mostly allopatric across much of Texas. Rare sympatry was confirmed in Bexar County, where members of the two major clades sometimes co-exist in the same karst feature. Both nuclear phylogenomic and mitochondrial data indicate the existence of undescribed species from the San Antonio region, although further sampling and collection of adult specimens is needed to explicitly test these hypotheses. Our data support the two following species synonymies (CicurinaveniiGertsch, 1992 =CicurinamadlaGertsch, 1992;CicurinaloftiniCokendolpher, 2004 =CicurinavesperaGertsch, 1992), formally proposed here. Overall, our taxonomy-focused research has many important conservation implications, and again highlights the fundamental importance of robust taxonomy in conservation research.

Pododermatitis, also known as bumblefoot, is a common condition encountered in birds, rabbits, and rodents in clinical practice. This article compares the anatomy and physiology of the foot and the predisposing factors for pododermatitis in each of the species discussed. Clinical presentation, diagnostics, and treatment options, including medical and surgical therapies, are provided. In addition, alternative therapies, including natural remedies, therapeutic laser, and acupuncture, are explored. This article is intended to encourage practitioners to use a multimodal approach for successful management of this disease in all species.

Despite implementation of newborn screening (NBS), outcomes in cobalamin C disease (cblC) remain poor. Therapy with hydroxycobalamin and betaine is widely used, but dietary recommendations vary among metabolic centers. We present a longitudinal analysis of the relationship between metabolic control, diet, and outcomes in a cohort of cblC patients. We completed a retrospective analysis of 12 patients with cblC referred for abnormal NBS results and followed in our center between 1999 and 2015. Of the patients, 87.5% had intellectual disability and 75% had retinopathy; 16.7% had one episode of mild acidosis. However, no patients manifested major metabolic decompensation. Developmental outcomes correlated more closely with initial metabolic abnormalities than with long-term metabolic control. Increased intake of medical foods resulted in better control but also perturbations in the ratios of essential amino acids and lower z-scores for head circumference. We found no relationship between diet and cognitive outcomes. Although dietary therapy for cblC patients improves metabolic control, few patients experience metabolic decompensation regardless of diet. Increased incomplete protein intake is not correlated with improvements in outcomes. Overall, outcomes are poor despite early initiation of therapy and regardless of the dietary strategy used. Genet Med advance online publication 02 February 2017

As I bike through the early morning stxreets of Boston, my mind is awake, and my body feels strong. Ahead, I see the hospital where I work. Its pedestrian bridge spans a large urban street, and the brick of this building is deeply familiar to me as it has surrounded and greeted me on countless mornings and nights—first through my residency and now during my time as an attending physician. Already my mind has started to drift from the morning race of getting my three children to school to the dozens of chronically ill patients on my schedule, the medical students and residents with whom I have the good fortune to be teaching, and the multiple calls and meetings in the course of the day. All thoughts stop in the next moment when I feel a gale-like wind tipping my bike and with it, me, over. Fear washes over me. And then, as quickly as it had surged up, the gale force passes, and I am left unharmed. Looking up, I see a city bus filled with passengers (likely some are even my patients) unaware of their proxim...

Between March and December 2008 Jane Arthurs was co-editor, with Usha Zacharias, of the Commentary and Criticism Section of this journal, which included topical short essays themed around issues of significance to feminist media studies either from a methodological, critical or political point of view. This article covers the re-visioning of gender politics in relation to media accounts of the environment.

IN THIS, MY FIRST YEAR OF A FULL-TIME JOB, I rarely find myself concerned about the extent to which I might or might not be procrastinating. Instead, I think a whole lot more about how much I might be able to increase my potential productivity to make better use of the limited time available. On the one hand, this might sound annoying, and perhaps it can even be taken as a symptom of my subsumption into the current conservative political climate of this country. On the other hand, I bet many of you often think like this out of a genuine sense of love and duty toward the job. You find yourself staring at the computer, wondering: Can I, in the next three hours, get a substantial, pedagogically innovative, and "fun" lecture prepared, finish that overdue review, and co-ordinate a research trip? Can I think about the first while writing the second and searching the web for the third? I think like this and I don't even have kids, which is probably a good thing, since I'm saving up to buy my dog a treadmill. My sense is that we know what procrastination is ... we hardly need to consult the OED to recite its meaning and usage--that since its first known recorded appearance in 1548, the term refers to the act of cleaning grout between the bathroom tiles with a toothbrush instead of writing wondrous works of literary and cultural criticism. And we know, we know all too shamefully well, what it means to wish with all our hearts that we had not procrastinated. But at the same time, we do not have any clear sense of what this activity of "not procrastinating" entails. We may sit upright, bright-eyed, caffeinated, and vitamined at our computers typing vigorously away. But sometimes even this is procrastinating in the sense that what we really should be doing is thinking more about what we are writing, prompting our consciousness to resist those paths-of-thought too commonly traveled, and allowing the ideas to coalesce and morph and ultimately soar to the upper echelons of analysis. Or, we should be marking Intro to Canlit exams. What I wonder about is this: When are we distracting ourselves from our work, and when do these distractions in fact lead to the best work we've done in a while? What is the poise, the intellectual commitment, the state of mind/body fusion that leads to scholarly utility? What, after all, constitutes the academic procrastinator's number one, always desired, and often begrudged, fantasy figure--the "utile" scholar-in-action? I once took a research trip to the New York Historical Society where I read the diary of the nineteenth-century American architect A.J. Bloor. (1) Bloor never procrastinated. Every day in his diary begins with the entry 7:15 am: went to buildings:' Sometimes it was "7:10 am," and sometimes "7:45:' But it was always before eight, and always the activity and the words he used to describe it remain the same, he "went to buildings." He even spelled buildings "b-l-d-g-s:" Far be it for a man of stature such as Bloor to put off the next consonant by including vowels in his words. He went to bldgs. It seems that anything more would have been procrastination. So, can Bloor then be taken as a good example of the "utile" professional? "Utile" says the OED, means "useful, profitable, advantageous:" Now, in our profession, resisting procrastination probably isn't going to end up making us a tidy profit. Perhaps then we need to adapt the definition to our particular case: the utile academic would seem to be someone whose faculties--the sensory-motor system, grey matter, desires, blood-flow, body heat, snacks, and memory--are all co-ordinated to participate wholly and to the highest standards of efficiency in the effort of doing academic work ... of academicking. Hence the cocktail of caffeine, vitamins, yoga, and poutine to which we diligently subject ourselves. But no matter how well we keep to our academic-fitness regime in the name of scholarly utility, in the end we experience all sorts of clashes and misfires and anomalous productivities as part of these earnest efforts. …

This meta-analysis draws studies from the literature on college student persistence, need theories, and positive psychology in investigating the strongest predictors of social functioning in college students in the United States and Canada. The predictor categories included background characteristics, measures of personality, mental health symptomology, coping style, and academic predictors. The results indicated that an individual's level of extraversion (a personality predictor), level of institutional commitment (an academic predictor), and levels of anxiety and depression (mental health predictors) are the strongest predictors of social functioning in college. The moderator analyses revealed that these effects are even stronger in public institutions and with samples from the last 15 years. Included is a discussion of the implications of these results for theory and practice, and recommendations for future research.

Objective: To assess the electrocardiographic safety profile of low-dose ziprasidone (≤40 mg/day) among pediatric outpatients treated for up to 6 months. Method: This was a prospective, open-label trial involving 20 subjects with a mean age of 13.2 ± 3.0 years. Subjects received a mean ziprasidone dose of 30 ± 13 mg/day and were followed for 4.6 ± 2.0 months, receiving a median of nine electrocardiograms each (range 2-11; total, 176). Results: There were statistically significant changes from baseline to peak values in heart rate, PR, and QTc intervals, but not in QRS complex width. The mean QTc prolongation was 28 ± 26 milliseconds and not related to dose ( r = 0.16, p = .07). The peak QTc of three subjects reached or exceeded 450 milliseconds; one subject experienced a 114-millisecond prolongation. There was poor agreement (κ = 0.25) between automated and manual identification of long QTc intervals (≥440 milliseconds). Conclusions: These preliminary findings, occurring at doses low by current treatment standards, suggest that close electrocardiographic monitoring is warranted when prescribing ziprasidone to children, particularly at higher doses or when combined with other QTc-prolonging agents.

The practice we have cultivated around here of focusing on interior things is a good safeguard against falling into such beastly ways. Saint Teresa d'Avila The Interior Castle WHAT ARE INTERIOR "THINGS"? For Saint Teresa d'Avila, the sixteenth-century Spanish nun, mystic, and reformer, the things of the interior are not the contents of an inside place but, instead, the matter of the interior's formation, that is, the form, materials, labour, technology, and affects pertaining to its construction. Each successive chapter of The Interior Castle--entitled "First Dwelling;" "Second Dwelling;" and so forth--is itself an interior that soon becomes the outer threshold for an interior to follow. Structured in this way as a series of dwellings that guide readers ever further into the "castle;" Saint Teresa's access of the infinite interior through and especially as limitless movement is comparable to the much more recently conceived phenomenon of "nomadism" associated with Gilles Deleuze. By constantly moving from dwelling to dwelling, The Interior Castle "separates or moves between matter and soul, the facade and the closed room, the outside and the inside." Further, "it is a virtuality that never stops dividing itself" (Deleuze, The Fold 35). For the question of the interior, precisely an architectural one, will always traverse the span between the building material, the exterior walls, the frame, and the space enclosed inside. In fact, in Saint Teresa's "Fifth Dwelling;" movement is a state of the "rapture God gives to the soul" in which Suddenly, the soul will become aware of a movement so swift that it seems as if her spirit were being whisked away. The sheer speed of this movement is terrifying-at least at the beginning.... I have heard of certain people whose bodies were even raised up with their spirits! (195-96) Saint Teresa's openness to an unforeseen, unpredictable movement, one that is decidedly material as much as it is spiritual, is similar to what I want to explore here, but in the context of nineteenth- and twentieth-century representations of the Quebec convent. Whether in the early travel guides to Quebec, the "autobiographical" expose Awful Disclosures of Maria Monk, Abbot Thomas Maguire's history of the Ursulines entitled Notes sur l'erection primitive du Monastere des Ursulines de Quebec, or Clara Gustche's photographs that make up The Convent Series, the convent has posed a significant problem to the authors and artists who have sought to represent this ultimate interior locale on paper. The result, as I will argue here, is that these attempts to come to know and reproduce the convent interior work in such a way as to keep both those who make them, and those who subsequently encounter them, at the surface. To this end, if Saint Teresa's travels to the inside of the castle/soul are subject to the interrupting movement of an outside force, then those who make and engage with the Canadian texts in question are similarly interrupted, in this case from their journeys "in" to the convent. Yet, while these interruptions would seem to prevent the convent scholar from knowing the interior (although perhaps sanctifying it by doing so) they in fact introduce a different representational aesthetic, one that proves satisfactory insofar as it offers a multiplicity of interiors. Saint Teresa seems an appropriate introduction to this essay on convents, but she also serves as an exemplary figure for Deleuze's project of re-orienting the interior as a surface locale. Specifically, Deleuze sees the interior and the exterior as the product of a surface that is in the continual process of "folding." For Deleuze, Bernini's statue of Saint Teresa is a primary example of the way in which folds exhibit the surface's propensity to be moved by outside forces. He asks: "Is it not fire that can alone account for the extraordinary folds of the tunic?" When the surface of the sculpture can be shaped by "fire," then, by extension, the nature of representation as we know it requires a kind of reshaping or re-orientation with respect to the space of signification. …

Background High fidelity simulation uses technologically-advanced manikins to simulate complex clinical situations to train professionals in technical skills and human factors in a multidisciplinary group. We have expanded the use of simulation training (SIM) to educate about end of life care (EOLC). Aims To evaluate the impact SIM training at Epsom and St Helier University Hospitals NHS Trust (ESTH) has on participant confidence, understanding and skills in EOLC and their perception of their role in end of life care. Methods A 1 day end of life care course was initially designed by The Simulation and Interactive Learning Centre at Guy’s and St Thomas’ Hospital and subsequently delivered twice at ESTH. The ESTH Team adapted the scenarios and held a further 6 courses from January 2015 to June 2016. Five scenarios covered subjects including the 5 priorities for care of the dying person, individualised care planning, cultural beliefs, the Mental Capacity Act, compassion and communication. The courses took place in the Simulation Centre, allowing a realistic ward or home setting, utilising a professional actor to enhance the scenarios. Participants were given pre and post course questionnaires with free text sections. Information from these was used to identify themes. Results 63 nurses and doctors of varying seniority attended the courses. Over half of the participants had worked in the NHS for at least a decade. Analysis of the data revealed that high fidelity simulation had a significant impact on the participants’ confidence, understanding and skills in EOLC and their perception of their role in EOLC. Additionally, the free text sections identified learning in patient centred care, communications skills, honesty and the importance of cultural factors. Conclusion Use of high fidelity simulation to teach EOLC had a positive impact on the participants. We are now looking to expand the course into community settings.

The spectrum of disease that affects the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) can be varied. To differentiate among the diseases that cause pain and dysfunction, an intimate knowledge of the anatomy, physiology, and pathology of this region is necessary. Due to the joint's complex anatomy and relationship to the skin, it has been difficult to image in the past. Magnetic resonance imaging is ideally suited for visualizing TMJ because of its superb contrast resolution when imaging soft tissues. Magnetic resonance imaging allows simultaneous bilateral visualization of both joints. The ability to noninvasively resolve anatomic detail can be performed easily and quickly using magnetic resonance imaging. The development of magnetic resonance imaging has greatly aided the diagnosis of TMJ disorders. An understanding of TMJ anatomy and pathogenesis of TMJ pain is crucial for interpretation of magnetic resonance imaging and subsequent treatment.

Pododermatitis, also known as bumblefoot, is a common condition encountered in birds, rabbits, and rodents in clinical practice. This article compares the anatomy and physiology of the foot and the predisposing factors for pododermatitis in each of the species discussed. Clinical presentation, diagnostics, and treatment options, including medical and surgical therapies, are provided. In addition, alternative therapies, including natural remedies, therapeutic laser, and acupuncture, are explored. This article is intended to encourage practitioners to use a multimodal approach for successful management of this disease in all species.

In some ancient systems of medicine, health was understood as a state of balance, and diet was considered essential to achieving and maintaining that balance. Traditional Chinese medicine and Ayurveda are based on this premise. Here we present an overview of these two traditional systems' views on diet and eating. This article aims to explain the reasoning behind some of the recommendations that practitioners of these forms of medicine may be making.

A number of medications commonly used in pediatric psychopharmacology can prolong the QTc interval of the electrocardiogram. QTc prolongation can in turn predispose to torsades de pointes, a sometimes deadly arrhythmia. These considerations are clinically relevant given documented, if still controversial, reports of sudden deaths associated with the use of the tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) desipramine in children. While most reports of QTc prolongation have involved adult patients, this adverse effect can occur in children. After discussing the QTc parameter's derivation, accuracy, and limitations, this article reviews current knowledge about the propensity of the antipsychotics (both atypical and traditional), TCAs, and alpha agonists to prolong the QTc interval in young patients. Based on the literature reviewed, guidelines are provided for clinical and electrocardiographic monitoring in pediatric psychopharmacology.

Previous studies from our laboratory on the feminization of the male mouse reproductive tract after prenatal exposure to diethylstilbestrol (DES) showed that the mRNA for the major estrogen-inducible uterine secretory protein, lactoferrin (LF), was constitutively expressed in the seminal vesicle of male mice exposed prenatally to DES, but not in the seminal vesicle of control mice. After castration, treatment with 17 beta-estradiol (20 micrograms/kg.day) for 3 days induced the LF mRNA in the seminal vesicle of both control and prenatally DES-exposed mice; however, the levels in DES-treated tissues were approximately 6-fold higher than those in control tissue. This report describes the presence of LF in seminal vesicle tissues and secretions of prenatally DES-exposed mice, as determined by immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis. Further, these data are correlated with immunolocalization of the estrogen receptor in the seminal vesicle tissue. We conclude that the seminal vesicle of prenatally DES-exposed male mice has acquired two key characteristics of female tissues, namely LF production/regulation and estrogen receptor localization/distribution similar to that in uterine tissues.