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Ercan, Oya/0000-0001-7397-2837; Finne, Emily/0000-0002-6736-0022; Tesler, Riki/0000-0001-6070-6193; Ojala, Kristiina/0000-0001-9081-1891; Furstova, Jana/0000-0003-4057-2540; Dzielska, Anna/0000-0001-7396-8504 WOS:000538880700011 PubMed ID: 32446612 Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze changes in the prevalence of weight reduction behaviors (WRBs) among European adolescents from 26 countries between 2001/2002 and 2017/ 2018. The impact of the perception of body weight on WLB was also analyzed, with particular attention being paid to overestimation. Methods: The data of 639,194 European adolescents aged 11, 13, and 15 years who participated in the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children survey were analyzed. Age-standardized prevalence rates of WRB were estimated separately by survey round and gender for each country, using the overall 2017/2018 Health Behaviour in School-aged Children study population as the standard. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to assess WRB trends over time, adjusted for survey year, body mass index, body weight misperception, and family affluence and stratified by gender and age. Results: In the 26 countries examined, the overall age-adjusted prevalence rates of WRB were 10.2% among boys and 18.0% among girls. The prevalence of WRB was higher for girls, but in the more recent surveys, gender differences in WRB decreased. There was a significant increase in the percentage of WRB among boys in most countries. Among girls, most countries did not experience significant changes. Increases in body mass index and overestimation of body weight were significant factors increasing the risk of WRB in both genders. Conclusions: The change in the prevalence of WRB by gender warrants greater attention from researchers and practitioners alike. (C) 2020 Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of Society for Adolescent Health and Medicine. Institute of Mother and Child in Warsaw, Poland [510-20-66]; European Regional Development Fund-Project "Effective Use of Social Research Studies for Practice" [CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_025/0007294]; Juho Vainio Foundation (Finland) [284439] This article was also supported by the Institute of Mother and Child in Warsaw, Poland (grant No. 510-20-66), the research grants from the European Regional Development Fund-Project "Effective Use of Social Research Studies for Practice" (No. CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_025/0007294), and the research grant from the Juho Vainio Foundation (Finland), (grant No. #284439).

Exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) is a threat to individual and population health. The prevalence of SHS exposure is higher in countries with higher adult smoking rates. In Serbia, 37% of adults are smokers which is above world average. Current Serbian legislation allows owners to decide whether the premises will be smoke-free in case cafe/restaurants is up to 80 m 2 . Оtherwise, they are obliged to provide smoke-free area but physical division between smoking and no-smoking areas is not requirement. Data regarding exposure and attitudes towards SHS exposure in hospitality sector in Serbia were collected in 2018 as cross-sectional study on representative sample of 1200 Serbian adults (18-64 years) that have visited hospitality sector in the last six months. Probability proportional sampling was applied aimed to include both smokers and non-smokers. Exposure to SHS in hospitality sector in Serbia is high (88% in cafes, 73% in restaurants). More than half (52%) of the cafes visitors (19% smokers, 86% non-smokers) and 63% restaurant visitors (26% of smokers, 89% non-smokers) stated that exposure to tobacco smoke bothers them. Almost half of the visitors (46%) said that they are always or frequently exposed to tobacco smoke when they are sitting in designated no-smoking area of the cafe/restaurant. Our data contribute to the current body of evidence that designated smoking areas in the hospitality sector do not protect visitors from the SHS. Therefore it is necessary to adopt 100% smoke-free law in Serbia.

In Serbia, 37% of adults smoke and more than half of the population is exposed to tobacco smoke in enclosed places. The hospitality sector is exempted from the smoking ban and compliance with current legislation is low. From March 2017, Institute of Public Health of Serbia implemented a project aimed at building consensus for adoption and full compliance with 100% smoke free law in Serbia. The project was funded by Bloomberg Philanthropies and managed by the International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease. Project supported conferences and other events, contributed to the continuous presence in the media and built up informational resources to advocate for the smoke free environment which will be useful in the next period. New partnerships were established leading to an increase in a number of partners who will further work in tobacco control field. Based on the findings from surveys, conclusions from the multisectorial events and media content analysis, next steps and challenges were identified. In the next period, together with advocacy measures aimed at decision makers, it is important to focus on the general public and health professionals so they accept and advocate for evidence based tobacco control measures. Social norms changes are needed due to strong correlation between social norms and policy implementation. Moreover, it is necessary to conduct campaigns to change the perception of economic benefits of tobacco. New challenges such as heated tobacco products amplify the importance of the provision of accurate information on tobacco control best practice to decision makers, general public and health professionals. Findings from 2018 survey conducted as part of the project showed that only 26% of smokers and 64% of nonsmokers think smoking in the hospitality sector violates right to smoke free air, indicating the need of incorporating human rights approaches into further actions.

Introduction To analyze prevalence of water pipe use and attitudes related to it among Serbian adults. Methods Data were obtained through cross sectional survey conducted in December 2017. Three stage random nationally representative stratified sample was used. Data from 1045 Serbian adults were collected through computer assisted personal interviewing. Results Lifetime prevalence of waterpipe use is 6% (7% male, 5% female). In addition, 7% of population visited bars specialized for waterpipe use (waterpipe bars) but haven’t smoke waterpipe. The highest percentage of waterpipe lifetime users was in the 18-24 age group (15%), followed by age group 25-34 (12%). In the same age groups, additional 22% and 12% respectively have visited waterpipe bar, but haven’t smoke waterpipe. Almost every third citizen of Serbia (29%) thinks that waterpipe use is less harmful than cigarette use, 39% agree with the statement that waterpipe users can develop nicotine addiction and 36% think that waterpipe use is risk factor for malignant diseases. Young adults 18-24 years old are less aware of harmful consequences of waterpipe use. There are more citizens that agree that waterpipe use in hospitality sector should be banned than those who disagree with such measure (40% vs.24%). Younger population is less favorable to the waterpipe smoking ban in hospitality sector. Conclusions Waterpipe use and spending time in specialized waterpipe bars is popular in Serbia, especially among young adults. Insufficient number of citizens is aware of risks associated with waterpipe use. Findings indicate need of awareness raising on health effects associated with waterpipe smoking and exposure to waterpipe smoke.

Introduction. Alcohol is most abused psychoactive substance among youth. Analyzing attitudes on alcohol, patterns and consequences we are getting inputs important for implementing evidence based preventive measures. Objective. The aim of this study was to analyze drinking patterns and expectations and alcohol risk perception by gender and region and determine correlation between attitudes and one year prevalence of drinking. Methods. The study used data from the European School Survey on Alcohol and Other Drugs, which was then conducted in 2008 in Serbia on a sample of 6,553 students aged 16 years. For data analysis descriptive and analytical statistic were used. Results. The results show that nine out of ten students have had at least one alcoholic beverage during life and 5% have at least one alcohol beverage on more than 20 occasions during the last month. Students in Serbia have mainly positive expectations from alcohol, and the strongest potential drinking predictors in the previous year are expectation of having fun and the wish to feel relaxed. According to the participants, drinking 4-5 drinks on weekends (34.6%) is less risky than trying cannabis (52.0%). Boys have experienced problems caused by alcohol drinking more often than girls, while students from Vojvodina have performed badly in school in higher percentage than students from Belgrade and Central Serbia. Conclusion. In Serbia, girls drink less and perceive drinking as more risky in comparison to boys, while 16-year-old students from Vojvodina have more positive expectations but also more prominent problems caused by alcohol drinking. Additional education of the young on alcohol risk is recommended.

Introduction: The prevalence of obesity is rising to epidemic proportions at the alarming rate in both developed and underdeveloped countries around the world. Current prevalence data from individual national studies suggest that the obesity prevalence in the European countries ranges from 10% to 20% for men, and 10% to 25% for women. Health consequences of obesity imply both a number of fatal and non-fatal health problems (out of which the most common are cardiovascular problems, non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, cancers), and also a wide spectrum of psychological consequences from diminished self-esteem to clinical depression. Causal relationship between obesity and many chronic diseases is evidence- based. At the same time, there are marked differences in research data regarding causal obesity-depression relationship. Several studies have found no direct association between obesity and depression, while in others the prevalence of depression in obese patients was up to 50%. Gender, obesity grade, socioeconomic status and asking for professional help are named as moderators and mediators of this relationship. Among recommended screening methods, BDI-II is the most frequently used in the adult outpatient departments. Objective The aim of the study was to determine possible risk factors of depression in adult obese patients treated for obesity. Gender, obesity and education level as well as marital status were analyzed as possible moderators of depression-obesity relationship. Method The research included 267 patients, 38.0?14.6 years of age, who referred to the Outpatient Nutrition Department for dietetic consultation or nutritional medical therapy. Nutritional status was assessed by BMI (kg/m?), calculated from measured values of body weight and height according to WHO recommendations. An estimate of the existence and/or depression level was investigated by Beck Depression Inventory - self administered questionnaire recommended for use in Serbian population. Results The results revealed higher average BDI score values in obese patients (F(267,1)=6.014, p=0.015) in comparison to their non-obese counterparts. In addition, the percentage of depressive obese patients was significantly higher (55.1%, ?2 (267.1)=22.64, p