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We establish sharp-in-time kernel and dispersive estimates for the Schr\"odinger equation on non-compact Riemannian symmetric spaces of any rank. Due to the particular geometry at infinity and the Kunze-Stein phenomenon, these properties are more pronounced in large time and enable us to prove the global-in-time Strichartz inequality for a larger family of admissible couples than in the Euclidean case. Consequently, we obtain the global well-posedness for the corresponding semilinear equation with lower regularity data and some scattering properties for small powers which are known to fail in the Euclidean setting. The crucial kernel estimates are achieved by combining the stationary phase method based on a subtle barycentric decomposition, a subordination formula of the Schr\"odinger group to the wave propagator and an improved Hadamard parametrix., Comment: 19 pages, major revision with more details

We estimate the bottom of the $L^2$ spectrum of the Laplacian on locally symmetric spaces in terms of the critical exponents of appropriate Poincar\'e series. Our main result is the higher rank analog of a characterization due to Elstrodt, Patterson, Sullivan and Corlette in rank one. It improves upon previous results obtained by Leuzinger and Weber in higher rank., Comment: To appear in Geometriae Dedicata

In this work we extend the theory of the classical Hardy space $$H^1$$ to the rational Dunkl setting. Specifically, let $$\Delta $$ be the Dunkl Laplacian on a Euclidean space $$\mathbb {R}^N$$ . On the half-space $$\mathbb {R}_+\times \mathbb {R}^N$$ , we consider systems of conjugate $$(\partial _t^2+\Delta _{\mathbf {x}})$$ -harmonic functions satisfying an appropriate uniform $$L^1$$ condition. We prove that the boundary values of such harmonic functions, which constitute the real Hardy space $$H^1_{\Delta }$$ , can be characterized in several different ways, namely by means of atoms, Riesz transforms, maximal functions or Littlewood–Paley square functions.

This paper is twofold. The first part aims to study the long-time asymptotic behavior of solutions to the heat equation on Riemannian symmetric spaces $G/K$ of noncompact type and of general rank. We show that any solution to the heat equation with bi-$K$-invariant $L^{1}$ initial data behaves asymptotically as the mass times the fundamental solution, and provide a counterexample in the non bi-$K$-invariant case. These answer problems recently raised by J.L. V\'azquez. In the second part, we investigate the long-time asymptotic behavior of solutions to the heat equation associated with the so-called distinguished Laplacian on $G/K$. Interestingly, we observe in this case phenomena which are similar to the Euclidean setting, namely $L^1$ asymptotic convergence with no bi-$K$-invariance condition and strong $L^{\infty}$ convergence., Comment: To appear in J. Funct. Anal

V. Ignatowski (1910) showed that assumptions about light are not necessary to obtain Lorentzian kinematics as one of only few possibilities. We give a much simplified proof of his result as formulated by V. Gorini (1971) for $n$+1-dimensional space-time., 9 pages. Accepted version, to appear in Journal of Geometry and Physics

International audience; Dunkl theory is a far reaching generalization of Fourier analysis and special function theory related to root systems. During the sixties and seventies, it became gradually clear that radial Fourier analysis on rank one symmetric spaces was closely connected with certain classes of special functions in one variable. During the eighties, several attempts were made, mainly by the Dutch school, to extend these results in higher rank (i.e. in several variables), until the discovery of Dunkl operators in the rational case and Cherednik operators in the trigonometric case. Together with q-special functions introduced by Macdonald, this has led to a beautiful theory, developed by several authors, which encompasses in a unified way harmonic analysis on all Riemannian symmetric spaces and spherical functions thereon.In this series of lectures, delivered at the Summer School AAGADE 2015 (Analytic, Algebraic and Geometric Aspects of Differential Equations, Mathematical Research and Conference Center, Bedlewo, Poland, September 2015), we aimed at giving an updated overview of Dunkl theory, with an emphasis on its analytic aspects.

This paper is perhaps the first attempt at a study of the Hardy space $$H^1$$ in the rational Dunkl setting. Following Uchiyama’s approach, we characterize $$H^1$$ atomically and by means of the heat maximal operator. We also obtain a Fourier multiplier theorem for $$H^1$$ . These results are proved here in the one-dimensional case and in the product case.

This note is devoted to the intertwining operator in the one--dimensional trigonometric Dunkl setting. We obtain a simple integral expression of this operator and deduce its positivity., A para{\^i}tre dans Proc. Amer. Math. Soc

In this paper we consider the Laplace-Beltrami operator \Delta on Damek-Ricci spaces and derive pointwise estimates for the kernel of exp(\tau \Delta), when \tau \in C* with Re(\tau) \geq 0. When \tau \in iR*, we obtain in particular pointwise estimates of the Schr\"odinger kernel associated with \Delta. We then prove Strichartz estimates for the Schr\"odinger equation, for a family of admissible pairs which is larger than in the Euclidean case. This extends the results obtained by Anker and Pierfelice on real hyperbolic spaces. As a further application, we study the dispersive properties of the Schr\"odinger equation associated with a distinguished Laplacian on Damek-Ricci spaces, showing that in this case the standard dispersive estimate fails while suitable weighted Strichartz estimates hold.

In this article, we establish first a geometric Paley-Wiener theorem for the Dunkl transform in the crystallographic case. Next we obtain an optimal bound for the $L^p\to L^p$ norm of Dunkl translations in dimension 1. Finally we describe more precisely the support of the distribution associated to Dunkl translations in higher dimension.

International audience; We study the dispersive properties of the wave equation associated with the shifted Laplace-Beltrami operator on Damek-Ricci spaces, and deduce Strichartz estimates for a large family of admissible pairs. As an application, we obtain global well-posedness results for the nonlinear wave equation.

Resume Nous donnons un encadrement optimal du noyau de la chaleur h t ( x , y ) sur les espaces riemanniens symetriques non compacts G/K . lorsque t ≫ d( x.y ). Nous en deduisons un encadrement global de la fonction de Green sur G/K et une inegalite de type faible (1,1) pour l'operateur maximal associe a une diffusion particuliere sur les groupes d'Iwasawa AN .

International audience; We solve explicitly the shifted wave equation on Damek--Ricci spaces, using Asgeirsson's theorem and the inverse dual Abel transform. As an application, we investigate Huygens' principle. A similar analysis is carried out in the discrete setting of homogeneous trees.

Let $G_{\lambda}^{(\alpha,\beta)}$ be the eigenfunctions of the Dunkl-Cherednik operator $T^{(\alpha,\beta)}$ on $\mathbb{R}$. In this paper we express the product $G_{\lambda}^{(\alpha,\beta)}(x)G_{\lambda}^{(\alpha,\beta)}(y)$ as an integral in terms of $G_{\lambda}^{(\alpha,\beta)}(z)$ with an explicit kernel. In general this kernel is not positive. Furthermore, by taking the so-called rational limit, we recover the product formula of M. R\"osler for the Dunkl kernel. We then define and study a convolution structure associated to $G_{\lambda}^{(\alpha,\beta)}$., Comment: Adv. Pure Appl. Math. (2011) 27 pp

International audience; In this paper, we study the dispersive properties of the wave equation associated with the shifted Laplace-Beltrami operator on real hyperbolic spaces, and deduce Strichartz estimates for a large family of admissible pairs. As an application, we obtain local well-posedness results for the nonlinear wave equation.

Using pointwise upper bounds recently obtained by the first author, we first show that the heat kernel ht(x, y) on a Riemannian symmetric space of the noncompact type GK is asymptotically concentrated in an annulus centered at y and moving to infinity with finite speed 2 ¦ϱ¦, ϱ being as usual the half sum of all positive roots of GK. In the higher rank case we prove moreover that heat not only concentrates in an annulus but also along the (K-orbit) of the ϱ-axis. By applying wave equation techniques developed by M. E. Taylor, we partially extend the above results to Riemannian manifolds with exponential volume growth and L2 spectrum of the Laplacian bounded away from 0. Some extensions to the vector bundle case are also considered.

International audience; In this paper, we show the inclusion and the density of the Schwartz space in Besov-Dunkl spaces and we prove an interpolation formula for these spaces by the real method. We give another characterization for these spaces by convolution. Finally, we establish further results concerning integrability of the Dunkl transform of function in a suitable Besov-Dunkl space.

Harish-Chandra, S. Helgason, P. C. Trombi and V. S. Varadarajan have described the image of the L p Schwartz spaces (0 p ⩽ 2), under the spherical Fourier transform. We give a short proof of their results, based on the Paley-Wiener theorem.

We consider the Schr\"odinger equation with no radial assumption on real hyperbolic spaces. We obtain sharp dispersive and Strichartz estimates for a large family of admissible pairs. As a first consequence, we get strong well-posedness results for NLS. Specifically, for small intial data, we prove $L^2$ and $H^1$ global well-posedness for any subcritical nonlinearity (in contrast with the Euclidean case) and with no gauge invariance assumption on the nonlinearity $F$. On the other hand, if $F$ is gauge invariant, $L^2$ charge is conserved and hence, as in the Euclidean case, it is possible to extend local $L^2$ solutions to global ones. The corresponding argument in $H^1$ requires the conservation of energy, which holds under the stronger condition that $F$ is defocusing. Recall that global well-posedness in the gauge invariant case was already proved by Banica, Carles & Staffilani, for small radial $L^2$ data and for large radial $H^1$ data. The second important application of our global Strichartz estimates is "scattering" for NLS both in $L^2$ and in $H^1$, with no radial or gauge invariance assumption. Notice that, in the Euclidean case, this is only possible for the critical power $\gamma=1+\frac4n$ and can be false for subcritical powers while, on hyperbolic spaces, global existence and scattering of small $L^2$ solutions holds for all powers $1, Comment: Version 1 : 18 January 2008. Version 2 : 29 February 2008

The infinite Brownian loop $\{B_t^0,t\ge 0\}$ on a Riemannian manifold $\mathbb M$ is the limit in distribution of the Brownian bridge of length $T$ around a fixed origin $0$, when $T\to+\infty$. It has no spectral gap. When $\mathbb M$ has nonnegative Ricci curvature, $B^0$ is the Brownian motion itself. When $\mathbb M=G/K$ is a noncompact symmetric space, $B^0$ is the relativized $\Phi_0$--process of the Brownian motion, where $\Phi_0$ denotes the basic spherical function of Harish--Chandra, i.e. the $K$--invariant ground state of the Laplacian. In this case, we consider the polar decomposition $B_t^0=(K_t,X_t)$, where $K_t\in K/M$ and $X_t\in\overline{\mathfrak a_+}$, the positive Weyl chamber. Then, as $t\to+\infty$, $K_t$ converges and $d(0,X_t)/t\to 0$ almost surely. Moreover the processes $\{X_{tT}/\sqrt{T},t\ge 0\}$ converge in distribution, as $T\to+\infty$, to the intrinsic Brownian motion of the Weyl chamber. This implies in particular that $d(0,X_{tT})/\sqrt{T}$ converges to a Bessel process of dimension $D=\operatorname{rank}\mathbb M+2j$, where $j$ denotes the number of positive indivisible roots. An ingredient of the proof is a new estimate on $\Phi_0$.

In a recent joint work with the same title, we have obtained optimal upper and lower bounds for the heat kernel $h_t(x,y)$ on a noncompact symmetric space $G/K$, under the assumption that $d(x,y)=O(1+t)$. In this article, we reprove our main result in a simpler way, using Harnack's inequality and avoiding this way hard analysis along faces.

We use the standard notation and refer to [GV], [H] for more details. Let X = G/K be a Riemannian symmetric space of the noncompact type.

We give a short proof of a general covering lemma for locally compact groups, using an elementary packing argument.

This thesis is devoted to the study of the wave equation on symmetric and locally symmetric spaces of noncompact type. One of our main results is to obtain pointwise kernel estimates for the wave equation on noncompact symmetric spaces of higher rank. They allow us to prove the dispersive property and to establish the Strichartz inequality for a large family of admissible pairs. We deduce global well-posedness results for the corresponding semilinear wave equation with low regularity initial data. In other words, we extend the results obtained on real hyperbolic spaces to noncompact symmetric spaces of general rank. The other part of our work concerns analysis on locally symmetric spaces. On the one hand, we study the wave and Klein-Gordon equations on certain locally symmetric spaces of rank one. On the other hand, we establish a characterization for the bottom of L2 spectrum of Laplacian on locally symmetric spaces of general rank., Cette thèse est consacrée à l’étude de l’équation des ondes sur les espaces symétriques et localement symétriques de type non compact. Un de nos principaux résultats est l’obtention des estimations ponctuelles du noyau pour l’équation des ondes sur les espaces symétriques non compacts de rang supérieur. Elles nous permettent de démontrer la propriété de dispersion et d’établir l’inégalité de Strichartz pour une grande famille de paires admissibles. Nous en déduisions que l’équation des ondes semi-linéaire correspondante est globalement bien posée pour les données initiales de régularité faible. Autrement dit, nous étendons les résultats obtenus sur les espaces hyperboliques réels aux espaces symétriques non compacts de rang général. L’autre partie de nos travaux concerne l'analyse sur les espaces localement symétriques. D’un côté, nous étudions les équations des ondes et de Klein-Gordon sur certains espaces localement symétriques de rang un. D’autre part, nous établissons une caractérisation pour le bas du spectre L2 du laplacien sur les espaces localement symétriques de rang général.

This thesis is devoted to the study of the wave equation on symmetric and locally symmetric spaces of noncompact type. One of our main results is to obtain pointwise kernel estimates for the wave equation on noncompact symmetric spaces of higher rank. They allow us to prove the dispersive property and to establish the Strichartz inequality for a large family of admissible pairs. We deduce global well-posedness results for the corresponding semilinear wave equation with low regularity initial data. In other words, we extend the results obtained on real hyperbolic spaces to noncompact symmetric spaces of general rank. The other part of our work concerns the study on locally symmetric spaces. On the one hand, we study the wave and Klein-Gordon equations on certain locally symmetric spaces of rank one. On the other hand, we esta- blish a characterization for the bottom of L2 spectrum of Laplacian on locally symmetric spaces of general rank.; Cette thèse est consacrée à l’étude de l’équation des ondes sur les espaces symétriques et localement symétriques de type non compact. Un de nos principaux résultats est l’obtention des estimations ponctuelles du noyau pour l’équation des ondes sur les espaces symétriques non compacts de rang supérieur. Elles nous permettent de démontrer la propriété de dispersion et d’établir l’inégalité de Strichartz pour une grande famille des paires admissibles. Nous en déduisions que l’équation des ondes semi-linéaire correspondante est globalement bien posée pour les données initiales de régularité faible. Autrement dit, nous étendons les résultats obtenus sur les espaces hyperboliques réels aux espaces symétriques non compacts de rang général. L’autre partie de nos travaux concerne l’étude sur les espaces localement symétriques. D’un côté, nous étudions les équations des ondes et de Klein-Gordon sur certains espaces localement symétriques de rang un. D’autre part, nous établissons une caractérisation pour le bas du spectre L2 du laplacien sur les espaces localement symétriques de rang général.

This thesis focuses on the study of evolution equations on certain hyperbolic groups, in particular, we study the heat equation, the Schrödinger equation and the modified wave equation first on homogeneous trees then on symmetric graphs. In the homogeneous trees case, we show that under a gauge invariance condition, we have global existence of solutions of the Schrödinger equation and scattering for arbitrary data in the space of square integrable functions without any restriction on the degree of the nonlinearity, in contrast to the euclidean and hyperbolic space cases. We then generalize this result on symmetric graphs of degree (k − 1)(r − 1) under the condition k < r . One of our main results on symmetric graphs is the estimate of the heat kernel associated to the combinatorial laplacian. Finally, we establish an explicit expression of solutions of the modified wave equation on symmetric graphs.; Cette thèse porte sur l’étude d’équations d’évolution sur certains groupes hyperboliques, en particulier, nous étudions l’équation de la chaleur, l’équation de Schrödinger et l’équation des ondes modifiée, d’abord sur les arbres homogènes, ensuite sur des graphes symétriques. Sur les arbres homogènes, nous montrons que, sous une hypothèse d’invariance de jauge, on a existence globale des solutions de l’équation de Schrödinger ainsi qu’un phénomène de ’scattering’ pour des données arbitraires dans l’espace des fonctions de carré intégrable sans restriction sur le degré de la non-linéarité, contrairement au cas euclidien ou au cas hyperbolique. Nous généralisons ensuite ce résultat sur les graphes symétriques de degré (k − 1)(r − 1) sous la condition k < r. Un de nos principaux résultats sur les graphes symétriques est l’estimation du noyau de la chaleur associé au laplacien combinatoire. Pour finir, nous établissons une expression explicite des solutions de l’équation des ondes modifiée sur les graphes symétriques.

This thesis consists of three chapters. The first one is concerned with energy properties of the wave equation associated with the trigonometric Dunkl Laplacian. We establish the conservation of the total energy, the strict equipartition of energy under suitable assumptions and the asymptotic equipartition in the general case. These results were published in [8]. The second chapter, in collaboration with J.Ph. Anker and M. Sifi [6], shows that Opdam’s functions in the rank one case satisfy a product formula. We then define and study a convolution structure related to Opdam’s functions. In particular, we prove that this convolution fulfills a Kunze-Stein type phenomena. The last chapter deals with dispersive and Strichartz estimates for the linear Schrödinger equation associated with the one dimensional trigonometric Dunkl Laplacian [7]. We establish sharp estimates for the heat kernel in complex time, and therefore for the Schrödinger kernel. We then use these estimates together with tools from chapter 2 to deduce dispersive and Strichartz inequalities for the linear Schrödinger equation and apply them to well–posedness in the nonlinear case.; Cette thèse est constituée de trois chapitres. Le premièr chapitre porte sur l’examen desconditions de validité du principe d’équipartition de l’énergie totale de la solution de l’équationdes ondes associée au laplacien de Dunkl trigonométrique. Enfin, nous établissons lecomportement asymptotique de l’équipartition dans le cas général. Les résultats de cettepartie ont fait l’objet de la publication [8]. Le deuxième chapitre, publié avec J.Ph. Ankeret M. Sifi [6], montre que les fonctions d’Opdam dans le cas de rang 1 satisfont à uneformule produit. Cela nous a permis de définir une structure de convolution du genre hypergroupe.En particulier, on montre que cette convolution satisfait l’analogue du phénomènede Kunze-Stein. Le dernier chapitre est consacrée à l’étude des propriétés dispersives et estimationsde Strichartz pour la solution de l’équation de Schrödinger associée au laplaciende Dunkl trigonométrique unidimensionnel [7]. Cette étude commence par des estimationsoptimales du noyau de la chaleur et de Schrödinger. À l’aide de ces résultats, ainsi que lesoutils d’analyse harmonique dévellopée dans le chapitre 2, on montre des éstimées de typeStrichartz qui permettent de trouver des conditions d’admissibilité pour des équations deSchrödinger semi-linéaires.

This thesis consists of three chapters. The first one is concerned with energy properties of the wave equation associated with the trigonometric Dunkl Laplacian. We establish the conservation of the total energy, the strict equipartition of energy under suitable assumptions and the asymptotic equipartition in the general case. These results were published in [8]. The second chapter, in collaboration with J.Ph. Anker and M. Sifi [6], shows that Opdam’s functions in the rank one case satisfy a product formula. We then define and study a convolution structure related to Opdam’s functions. In particular, we prove that this convolution fulfills a Kunze-Stein type phenomena. The last chapter deals with dispersive and Strichartz estimates for the linear Schrödinger equation associated with the one dimensional trigonometric Dunkl Laplacian [7]. We establish sharp estimates for the heat kernel in complex time, and therefore for the Schrödinger kernel. We then use these estimates together with tools from chapter 2 to deduce dispersive and Strichartz inequalities for the linear Schrödinger equation and apply them to well–posedness in the nonlinear case., Cette thèse est constituée de trois chapitres. Le premièr chapitre porte sur l’examen desconditions de validité du principe d’équipartition de l’énergie totale de la solution de l’équationdes ondes associée au laplacien de Dunkl trigonométrique. Enfin, nous établissons lecomportement asymptotique de l’équipartition dans le cas général. Les résultats de cettepartie ont fait l’objet de la publication [8]. Le deuxième chapitre, publié avec J.Ph. Ankeret M. Sifi [6], montre que les fonctions d’Opdam dans le cas de rang 1 satisfont à uneformule produit. Cela nous a permis de définir une structure de convolution du genre hypergroupe.En particulier, on montre que cette convolution satisfait l’analogue du phénomènede Kunze-Stein. Le dernier chapitre est consacrée à l’étude des propriétés dispersives et estimationsde Strichartz pour la solution de l’équation de Schrödinger associée au laplaciende Dunkl trigonométrique unidimensionnel [7]. Cette étude commence par des estimationsoptimales du noyau de la chaleur et de Schrödinger. À l’aide de ces résultats, ainsi que lesoutils d’analyse harmonique dévellopée dans le chapitre 2, on montre des éstimées de typeStrichartz qui permettent de trouver des conditions d’admissibilité pour des équations deSchrödinger semi-linéaires.

In this thesis, we are interested inthe study of analytical and probabilistic aspects ofHeckman--Opdam and affine buildings of type $\tilde{A}_r$theories. We also study the Poisson boundary of rationaltriangular matrices.One of our main results, is to obtain new estimates of thehypergeometric functions of Heckman--Opdam. Our proofs arerelatively more elementary than in the particular case ofsymmetric spaces $G/K$. For instance for the proof of the basicestimates of spherical functions, obtained by Harish-Chandra orGangolli and Varadarajan, and for the recent estimate of theelementary spherical function $\phi_0$ by Anker, Bougerol andJeulin.Another main result is the estimate of the heat kernel associatedwith some combinatorial Laplacian on an affine building oftype $\tilde{A}_r$., Cette thèse porte sur une étudeanalytique et probabiliste des théories de Heckman--Opdam et desimmeubles affines de type $\tilde{A}_r$. On étudie aussi lafrontière de Poisson des matrices triangulaires inversiblesrationnelles.Un de nos principaux résultats est l'obtention de nouvellesestimations des fonctions hypergéométriques de Heckman--Opdam. Nospreuves sont relativement plus simples que dans le cas particulierdes espaces symétriques $G/K$. Par exemple pour les estimations debase des fonctions sphériques, obtenues par Harish-Chandra, ouGangolli et Varadarajan, ainsi que pour les estimations récentesde la fonction sphérique élémentaire $\phi_0$ par Anker, Bougerolet Jeulin.Un des autres principaux résultats est l'estimation du noyau de lachaleur associé à un certain laplacien combinatoire sur unimmeuble affine de type $\tilde{A}_r$.

This thesis deals with sharp heat kernel estimates in two related settings. We consider first noncompact Riemannian symmetric spaces X = G/K, and obtain in this case the same upper and lower bound for the heat kernel associated with the Laplace-Beltrami operator L. These bounds are global in space and time. We consider next the class of sub-Laplacians on a semisimple Lie group G which induce L on the associated symmetric space X = G/K. These sub-Laplacians share properties with L: they have the same L^2 spectral gap, the associated Carnot-Carathéodory distances are all comparable with the Riemannian metric on X and, most of all, their heat kernels are all comparable (for large time) with the heat kernel on X. This yields sharp heat kernel bounds and, consequently, optimal Green Green function estimates., Ce mémoire s'organise autour de deux cadres d'étude : d'une part, celui des espaces symétriques riemanniens non compacts X = G/K, pour lesquels nous prouvons un encadrement optimal et global en les variables d'espace et de temps, du noyau de la chaleur associé à l'opérateur de Laplace-Beltrami L ; d'autre part, dans le cas d'un groupe de Lie semi-simple G, nous montrons que tous les sous-laplaciens sur G qui induisent l'action de L sur X = G/K présentent des analogies avec L vis-à-vis de l'équation de la chaleur : le bas de leur spectre L^2 est le même, les distances de Carnot-Carathéodory associées sont comparables à la métrique riemannienne sur X et, surtout, les noyaux de la chaleur sont tous comparables (en temps grand) au noyau de la chaleur sur X. Nous en déduisons en particulier des encadrements très précis des noyaux de la chaleur dans ce cadre, ainsi que des fonctions de Green correspondantes.

Non disponible / Not available, Nous développons dans ce mémoire l'analyse harmonique L2 des p-formes différentielles (0 ? p ? n) sur l'espace hyperbolique réel Hn(R) ? SOe(n,1)/ SO(n). Les notions et résultats classiques de l'analyse harmonique des fonctions (i.e. des formes de degré zéro) sur Hn(R) sont ainsi généralisés. Les principaux outils employés sont la théorie des représentations des groupes de Lie semi-simples et la théorie des fonctions de Jacobi. Nous étudions notamment : la transformation de Poisson ; les fonctions sphériques (généralisées) ; la transformation de Fourier sphérique ; la transformation de Fourier ; la transformation d'Abel. Nous obtenons comme corollaires l'expression explicite du noyau de la chaleur et un nouveau calcul des invariants de Novikov-Shubin. Deux appendices sont consacrés à des résultats plus généraux : l'Appendice A décrit de manière élémentaire les séries discrètes intervenant dans la décomposition de l'espace des formes différentielles L2 sur un espace symétrique riemannien de type non compact général ; l'Appendice B introduit et développe la notion de « triplet de Gelfand», qui généralise à un cadre vectoriel la notion de paire de Gelfand, et permet l'étude des fonctions sphériques associées à un fibré homogène sur un espace symétrique riemannien de type non compact général.