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1. On the embeddability of certain infinitely divisible probability measures on Lie groups

Author

Yves Guivarc'h, Riddhi Shah, S. G. Dani, School of Mathematics [TIFR], Tata Institute for Fundamental Research (TIFR), Institut de Recherche Mathématique de Rennes (IRMAR), AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), School of Physical Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-INSTITUT AGRO Agrocampus Ouest, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), School of Mathematics, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research [Bombay] ( TIFR ), Institut de Recherche Mathématique de Rennes ( IRMAR ), Université de Rennes 1 ( UR1 ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -AGROCAMPUS OUEST-École normale supérieure - Rennes ( ENS Rennes ) -Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique ( Inria ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Université de Rennes 2 ( UR2 ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), and Jawaharlal Nehru University ( JNU )

Subjects
Class (set theory), Pure mathematics, automorphism, Group (mathematics), Semigroup, General Mathematics, 010102 general mathematics, Probability (math.PR), Lie group, Locally compact-groups, Convolution roots, 01 natural sciences, Convolution, 010104 statistics & probability, Corollary, FOS: Mathematics, Distributions, 0101 mathematics, embeddings, Mathematics - Probability, 60B15, Probability measure, Mathematics
Abstract

We describe certain sufficient conditions for an infinitely divisible probability measure on a class of connected Lie groups to be embeddable in a continuous one-parameter convolution semigroup of probability measures. (Theorem 1.3). This enables us in particular to conclude the embeddability of all infinitely divisible probability measures on certain Lie groups, including the so called Walnut group (Corollary 1.5). The embeddability is concluded also under certain other conditions (Corollary 1.4 and Theorem 1.6)., Comment: 24 pages

Published
2011
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2. Defect engineered blue photoluminescence in ZnO:Al/TiO 2 heterostructures

Author

C. P. Saini, S. Bhowmick, A. Barman, N. Kumar, A. Das, S. A. Khan, A. Claverie, D. Kanjilal, R. N. Mahato, K. Singh, A. Kanjilal, Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU), Shiv Nadar University, Inter-University Accelerator Center (IUC), University Grants Commission (UGC), Institute for Plasma Research [Gandhinagar], Matériaux et dispositifs pour l'Electronique et le Magnétisme (CEMES-MEM), Centre d'élaboration de matériaux et d'études structurales (CEMES), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Ion irradiation, SEM, TEM, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], General Physics and Astronomy, TiO2, AZO, photoluminescence, transition metal oxides, heterostructure, defects, GXRD
Abstract

Tailoring the blue photoluminescence (PL) in Al-doped ZnO (AZO)/TiO2 heterostructures is demonstrated by a controlled induction of shallow defect centers by 50 keV Ar+-ions. This is established by a combination of temperature dependent PL and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. The dominant blue-violet PL in an as-grown sample comprises a near band-edge emission, along with a peak associated with a radiative recombination of the electrons in shallow donor levels (Zn interstitials) and the holes from the valence band. However, the evolution of an additional yellow-green PL band at a fluence of 1 × 1015 ions/cm2 is governed by deep donor levels, particularly ionized oxygen vacancies. Irradiation at 1 × 1016 ions/cm2 further leads to the formation of Zn vacancies (shallow acceptors) owing to the development of an O-rich surface. The structural modifications of these samples have been investigated by field-emission scanning electron microscopy , transmission electron microscopy, and Rutherford backscattering. While small micro-cracks are found at a fluence of 2 × 1016 ions/cm2, the formation of graded layers is obtained at the highest fluence of 5 × 1016 ions/cm2 owing to ballistic intermixing and diffusion of the constituents. Detailed investigation suggests that a significant amount of Ti atoms is diffused in AZO by a complete deterioration of the AZO/TiO2 matrix at the highest fluence.

Published
2022

3. Synthesis of new piperazinyl-pyrrolo[1,2-a]quinoxaline derivatives as inhibitors of Candida albicans multidrug transporters by a Buchwald–Hartwig cross-coupling reaction

Author

Rajendra Prasad, Attilio Di Pietro, Shweta Nim, Stéphane Moreau, Elisabeth Thivet, Luisa Ronga, Marc Le Borgne, Solène Savrimoutou, Mathieu Marchivie, Jean Guillon, Régulations Naturelles et Artificielles (ARNA), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Bordeaux Ségalen [Bordeaux 2], Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU), Institut de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Bordeaux (ICMCB), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de biologie et chimie des protéines [Lyon] (IBCP), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Amity Institute of Integrative Sciences and Health, Amity University, Molécules bioactives et chimie médicinale (B2MC), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon, and Le Borgne, Marc

Subjects
0303 health sciences, [SDV.SP.MED] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Pharmaceutical sciences/Medication, biology, 030306 microbiology, Stereochemistry, [CHIM.THER] Chemical Sciences/Medicinal Chemistry, General Chemical Engineering, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Substrate (chemistry), Transporter, [CHIM.THER]Chemical Sciences/Medicinal Chemistry, General Chemistry, biology.organism_classification, Yeast, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Quinoxaline, [SDV.SP.MED]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Pharmaceutical sciences/Medication, chemistry, [SDV.SP.PHARMA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Pharmaceutical sciences/Pharmacology, [SDV.SP.PHARMA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Pharmaceutical sciences/Pharmacology, Potency, Efflux, Candida albicans, 030304 developmental biology
Abstract

International audience; Two series of piperazinyl-pyrrolo[1,2-a]quinoxaline derivatives were prepared via a Buchwald–Hartwig cross-coupling reaction and then evaluated for their ability to inhibit the drug efflux activity of CaCdr1p and CaMdr1p transporters of Candida albicans overexpressed in a Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain. In the initial screening of twenty-nine piperazinyl-pyrrolo[1,2-a]quinoxaline derivatives, twenty-three compounds behaved as dual inhibitors of CaCdr1p and CaMdr1p. Only four compounds showed exclusive inhibition of CaCdr1p or CaMdr1p. Further biological investigations were developed and for example, their antifungal potential was evaluated by measuring the growth of control yeast cells (AD1-8u−) and efflux pump-overexpressing cells (AD-CDR1 and AD-MDR1) after exposition to variable concentrations of the tested compounds. The MIC80 values of nineteen compounds ranging from 100 to 901 μM for AD-CDR1 demonstrated that relative resistance index (RI) values were between 8 and 274. In comparison, only seven compounds had RI values superior to 4 in cells overexpressing Mdr1p. These results indicated substrate behavior for nineteen compounds for CaCdr1p and seven compounds for CaMdr1p, as these compounds were transported via MDR transporter overexpressing cells and not by the AD1-8u− cells. Finally, in a combination assay with fluconazole, two compounds (1d and 1f) have shown a synergistic effect (fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) values ≤ 0.5) at micromolar concentrations in the AD-MDR1 yeast strain overexpressing CaMdr1p-protein, indicating an excellent potency toward chemosensitization.

Published
2020

4. Interrogating the World Bank’s role in global health knowledge production, governance, and finance

Author

Ryan Whitacre, Mark Hellowell, Sumegha Asthana, Alexis Walker, Martin Gorsky, Felix Stein, Francisco Songane, Genevie Fernandes, Patrick Kadama, Devi Sridhar, Yusra Ribhi Shawar, Janelle Winters, Marlee Tichenor, Katherine Kenny, Jesse B. Bump, Jean Paul Gaudillière, Katerini T. Storeng, CERMES3 - Centre de recherche Médecine, sciences, santé, santé mentale, société (CERMES3 - UMR 8211 / U988 / UM 7), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS), Durham University, University of Iowa [Iowa City], University of Oslo (UiO), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), University of Edinburgh, The University of Sydney, Johns Hopkins University (JHU), Columbia University Irving Medical Center (CUIMC), Graduate Institute of International and Development studies (IHEID), and Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU)

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Financial Management, Global health, Review, Epistemology, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, Translational Research, Biomedical, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Political science, medicine, International health policy, World Bank, Healthcare Financing, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Health policy, Finance, Governance, Health economics, business.industry, 030503 health policy & services, Public health, Corporate governance, Health Policy, 1. No poverty, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Health services research, COVID-19, 16. Peace & justice, Global governance, Coronavirus, Banking, Personal, Power, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270, 0305 other medical science, International development, business
Abstract

Background In the nearly half century since it began lending for population projects, the World Bank has become one of the largest financiers of global health projects and programs, a powerful voice in shaping health agendas in global governance spaces, and a mass producer of evidentiary knowledge for its preferred global health interventions. How can social scientists interrogate the role of the World Bank in shaping ‘global health’ in the current era? Main body As a group of historians, social scientists, and public health officials with experience studying the effects of the institution’s investment in health, we identify three challenges to this research. First, a future research agenda requires recognizing that the Bank is not a monolith, but rather has distinct inter-organizational groups that have shaped investment and discourse in complicated, and sometimes contradictory, ways. Second, we must consider how its influence on health policy and investment has changed significantly over time. Third, we must analyze its modes of engagement with other institutions within the global health landscape, and with the private sector. The unique relationships between Bank entities and countries that shape health policy, and the Bank’s position as a center of research, permit it to have a formative influence on health economics as applied to international development. Addressing these challenges, we propose a future research agenda for the Bank’s influence on global health through three overlapping objects of and domains for study: knowledge-based (shaping health policy knowledge), governance-based (shaping health governance), and finance-based (shaping health financing). We provide a review of case studies in each of these categories to inform this research agenda. Conclusions As the COVID-19 pandemic continues to rage, and as state and non-state actors work to build more inclusive and robust health systems around the world, it is more important than ever to consider how to best document and analyze the impacts of Bank’s financial and technical investments in the Global South.

Published
2021

5. Synthesis and biological studies of new quinazolines with ether functions in position 2

Author

Stéphane Bach, Pasula Aparna, A. K. D. Bhavani, Nangunoori Sampath Kumar, R. Le Guevel, René Grée, Paul Mosset, Blandine Baratte, Sandrine Ruchaud, D. Brahmaiah, Hélène Solhi, Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU), Osmania University, Plate-forme ImPACcell (ImPACcell), Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Station biologique de Roscoff (SBR), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), 2017-2021Osmania University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)

Subjects
Biological studies, 010405 organic chemistry, Kinase, Stereochemistry, Cytotoxicity, Organic Chemistry, Ether, Kinases, [CHIM.THER]Chemical Sciences/Medicinal Chemistry, Triazoles, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, 0104 chemical sciences, 3. Good health, lcsh:QD241-441, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, lcsh:Organic chemistry, Quinazolines, Molecule, Cancer cell lines
Abstract

International audience; A series of new quinazolines linked to triazoles through an ether chain in position 2 has been designed and synthetized through a flexible route. Cytotoxicity assays on selected cancer cell lines and inhibition studies toward a panel of representative mammalian kinases have been performed on these molecules.

Published
2019

6. Queuine Is a Nutritional Regulator of Entamoeba histolytica Response to Oxidative Stress and a Virulence Attenuator

Author

Hajime Hisaeda, Shruti Nagaraja, Chikako Shimokawa, Samudrala Gourinath, Mohit Mazumdar, Hugo Varet, Rachel Legendre, Nancy Guillén, Maggi W. Cai, Serge Ankri, Thomas J. Begley, Peter C. Dedon, Jean-Yves Coppée, Lotem Sarid, Yana Shaulov, Yumiko Saito-Nakano, Jingjing Sun, Meirav Trebicz-Geffen, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology [Haifa], National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART), Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Hub Bioinformatique et Biostatistique - Bioinformatics and Biostatistics HUB, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Ressources et de Recherche Technologique - Center for Technological Resources and Research (C2RT), Institut Pasteur [Paris], Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU), Biologie des Interactions Hôte-Parasite - Biology of Host-Parasite Interactions, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku-ku, The work was supported by the Israel Ministry of Health within the framework European Research Area NETwork Infect-ERA (031L0004, AMOEBAC project), the Israel Science Foundation (260/16), the ISF-NRF program (3208/19), the National Research Foundation of Singapore through the Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology Antimicrobial Resistance IRG, the Rappaport Institute, the US–Israel Binational Science Foundation (2015211), and the Niedersachsen program., Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Varet, Hugo

Subjects
TRNA modification, Guanine, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Queuosine, Virulence, Microbiology, Methylation, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Entamoeba histolytica, Mice, fluids and secretions, RNA, Transfer, Virology, parasitic diseases, Animals, Humans, Gene, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, Mice, Inbred BALB C, biology, 030302 biochemistry & molecular biology, Queuine, Translation (biology), biology.organism_classification, QR1-502, digestive system diseases, 3. Good health, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], virulence, Oxidative Stress, Biochemistry, chemistry, Transfer RNA, Female, tRNA modification, Research Article, HeLa Cells
Abstract

Entamoeba histolytica is a unicellular parasite that causes amebiasis. The parasite resides in the colon and feeds on the colonic microbiota., Queuosine is a naturally occurring modified ribonucleoside found in the first position of the anticodon of the transfer RNAs for Asp, Asn, His, and Tyr. Eukaryotes lack pathways to synthesize queuine, the nucleobase precursor to queuosine, and must obtain it from diet or gut microbiota. Here, we describe the effects of queuine on the physiology of the eukaryotic parasite Entamoeba histolytica, the causative agent of amebic dysentery. Queuine is efficiently incorporated into E. histolytica tRNAs by a tRNA-guanine transglycosylase (EhTGT) and this incorporation stimulates the methylation of C38 in tRNAGUCAsp. Queuine protects the parasite against oxidative stress (OS) and antagonizes the negative effect that oxidation has on translation by inducing the expression of genes involved in the OS response, such as heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70), antioxidant enzymes, and enzymes involved in DNA repair. On the other hand, queuine impairs E. histolytica virulence by downregulating the expression of genes previously associated with virulence, including cysteine proteases, cytoskeletal proteins, and small GTPases. Silencing of EhTGT prevents incorporation of queuine into tRNAs and strongly impairs methylation of C38 in tRNAGUCAsp, parasite growth, resistance to OS, and cytopathic activity. Overall, our data reveal that queuine plays a dual role in promoting OS resistance and reducing parasite virulence.

Published
2021

8. Jet-driven AGN feedback on molecular gas and low star-formation efficiency in a massive local spiral galaxy with bright X-ray halo

Author

Ankush Mandal, Henry R. M. Zovaro, Geoffrey V. Bicknell, Dipanjan Mukherjee, Alexander Wagner, J. Bagchi, Nadine Neumayer, R. M. J. Janssen, Nicole P. H. Nesvadba, Joseph Louis LAGRANGE (LAGRANGE), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM - U1194 Inserm - UM), CRLCC Val d'Aurelle - Paul Lamarque-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics [Pune] (IUCAA), Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU), Australian National University (ANU), Sciences, EDP, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA), University of Tsukuba, California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie (MPIA), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, and CHRIST (Deemed to be University)

Subjects
galaxies: spiral, Active galactic nucleus, Stellar mass, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, galaxies: active, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, [PHYS.ASTR.CO]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], Galaxy formation and evolution, galaxies: kinematics and dynamics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Physics, Spiral galaxy, Star formation, Astronomy and Astrophysics, galaxies: jets, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Galaxy, Stars, Space and Planetary Science, galaxies: star formation, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), Halo, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, galaxies: evolution, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], [PHYS.ASTR] Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract

It has long been suspected that powerful radio sources may lower the efficiency with which stars form from the molecular gas in their host galaxy, but so far, alternative mechanisms, in particular related to the stellar mass distribution in the massive bulges of their host galaxies, are not ruled out. We present new ALMA CO(1-0) interferometry of cold molecular gas in the nearby (z=0.0755), massive (M_stellar=4x10^11 M_sun), isolated, late-type spiral galaxy 2MASSX J23453269-044925, which is outstanding for having two pairs of powerful, giant radio jets, and a bright X-ray halo. The molecular gas is in a massive (M_gas=2x10^10 M_sun), 24 kpc wide, rapidly rotating ring, which is associated with the inner stellar disk. Broad (FWHM=70-180 km s^-1) lines with complex profiles associated with the radio source are seen over large regions in the ring, indicating gas velocities that are high enough to keep the otherwise marginally Toomre-stable gas from fragmenting into gravitationally bound, star-forming clouds. About 1-2% of the jet kinetic energy are required to power these motions. Resolved star-formation rate surface densities fall factors 50-75 short of expectations from the Kennicutt-Schmidt law of star-forming galaxies, and near gas-rich early-type galaxies with signatures of star formation lowered by jet feedback. We argue that radio AGN feedback is the only plausible mechanism to explain the low star-formation rates in this galaxy. Previous authors have already noted that the X-ray halo of J2345-0449 implies a baryon fraction near the cosmic average, which is very high for a galaxy. We contrast this finding with other, equally massive baryon-rich spiral galaxies without prominent radio sources. Most of the baryons in these galaxies are in stars, not in the halos. We also discuss the implications of our results for our general understanding of AGN feedback in massive galaxies., Comment: Submitted to A&A. Comments welcome!

Published
2021
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9. Phosphorylation-Dependent Assembly of a 14-3-3 Mediated Signaling Complex During Red Blood Cell Invasion by Plasmodium falciparum Merozoites

Author

Jyoti S. Choudhary, Brandon M. Invergo, Christèle Huon, Petra Gutenbrunner, Mariette Matondo, Inderjeet Kaur, Kunal R. More, Chetan E. Chitnis, Shailja Singh, Ravi Jain, Hendrik Weisser, Thibault Chaze, Gordon Langsley, Quentin Giai Gianetto, Biologie de Plasmodium et Vaccins - Malaria Parasite Biology and Vaccines, Institut Pasteur [Paris], International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology [New Delhi] (ICGEB), Spectrométrie de Masse pour la Biologie – Mass Spectrometry for Biology (UTechS MSBio), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Hub Bioinformatique et Biostatistique - Bioinformatics and Biostatistics HUB, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), European Bioinformatics Institute [Hinxton] (EMBL-EBI), EMBL Heidelberg, The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute [Cambridge], Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU), Biologie cellulaire comparative des Apicomplexes, [Institut Cochin] Departement Infection, immunité, inflammation, Institut Cochin (IC UM3 (UMR 8104 / U1016)), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut Cochin (IC UM3 (UMR 8104 / U1016)), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), This work was supported by a MolSigMal grant (ANR-17-CE15-0010) from Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR) to C.E.C. and internal funds from the Institut Pasteur. G.L. acknowledges support from the Labex ParaFrap (ANR-11-LABX-0024). K.R.M. received a short-term fellowship from the European Molecular Biology Organization (EMBO)., ANR-17-CE15-0010,MolSigMal,Evènements moléculaires de la signalisation induite par l'invasion des globules rouges par les parasites paludéens(2017), ANR-11-LABX-0024,ParaFrap,Alliance française contre les maladies parasitaires(2011), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Institut Cochin (IC UM3 (UMR 8104 / U1016)), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), PORTELETTE, Virginie, Evènements moléculaires de la signalisation induite par l'invasion des globules rouges par les parasites paludéens - - MolSigMal2017 - ANR-17-CE15-0010 - AAPG2017 - VALID, and Laboratoires d'excellence - Alliance française contre les maladies parasitaires - - ParaFrap2011 - ANR-11-LABX-0024 - LABX - VALID

Subjects
Proteomics, Erythrocytes, Multiprotein complex, [SDV.BBM.BS] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Structural Biology [q-bio.BM], Plasmodium falciparum, Protozoan Proteins, malaria, Microbiology, Host-Microbe Biology, Microneme, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, hemic and lymphatic diseases, Virology, parasitic diseases, Humans, Protein phosphorylation, Phosphorylation, Protein kinase A, host cell invasion, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, biology, [SDV.BBM.BS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Structural Biology [q-bio.BM], Merozoites, Kinase, Chemistry, Phosphoproteomics, hemic and immune systems, biology.organism_classification, host-parasite interaction, QR1-502, 3. Good health, Cell biology, 14-3-3 Proteins, Signal transduction, signaling, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, circulatory and respiratory physiology, Signal Transduction, Research Article
Abstract

Invasion of red blood cells (RBCs) by Plasmodium falciparum merozoites is a complex process that is regulated by intricate signaling pathways. Here, we used phosphoproteomic profiling to identify the key proteins involved in signaling events during invasion. We found changes in the phosphorylation of various merozoite proteins, including multiple kinases previously implicated in the process of invasion. We also found that a phosphorylation-dependent multiprotein complex including signaling kinases assembles during the process of invasion. Disruption of this multiprotein complex impairs merozoite invasion of RBCs, providing a novel approach for the development of inhibitors to block the growth of blood-stage malaria parasites., Red blood cell (RBC) invasion by Plasmodium merozoites requires multiple steps that are regulated by signaling pathways. Exposure of P. falciparum merozoites to the physiological signal of low K+, as found in blood plasma, leads to a rise in cytosolic Ca2+, which mediates microneme secretion, motility, and invasion. We have used global phosphoproteomic analysis of merozoites to identify signaling pathways that are activated during invasion. Using quantitative phosphoproteomics, we found 394 protein phosphorylation site changes in merozoites subjected to different ionic environments (high K+/low K+), 143 of which were Ca2+ dependent. These included a number of signaling proteins such as catalytic and regulatory subunits of protein kinase A (PfPKAc and PfPKAr) and calcium-dependent protein kinase 1 (PfCDPK1). Proteins of the 14-3-3 family interact with phosphorylated target proteins to assemble signaling complexes. Here, using coimmunoprecipitation and gel filtration chromatography, we demonstrate that Pf14-3-3I binds phosphorylated PfPKAr and PfCDPK1 to mediate the assembly of a multiprotein complex in P. falciparum merozoites. A phospho-peptide, P1, based on the Ca2+-dependent phosphosites of PKAr, binds Pf14-3-3I and disrupts assembly of the Pf14-3-3I-mediated multiprotein complex. Disruption of the multiprotein complex with P1 inhibits microneme secretion and RBC invasion. This study thus identifies a novel signaling complex that plays a key role in merozoite invasion of RBCs. Disruption of this signaling complex could serve as a novel approach to inhibit blood-stage growth of malaria parasites.

Published
2020
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10. Reconstruction of the Late Holocene climate and environmental history from North Bolgoda Lake, Sri Lanka, using lipid biomarkers and pollen records

Author

Krishnamurthy Anupama, Srinivasan Prasad, Joyanto Routh, Kasun Gayantha, Jean Lazar, Rohana Chandrajith, Patrick Roberts, Gerd Gleixner, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany, School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU), Institut Français de Pondichéry (IFP), Ministère de l'Europe et des Affaires étrangères (MEAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka, Max-Planck-Institut für Menschheitsgeschichte (MPI-SHH), Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry (MPI-BGC), and Max-Planck-Gesellschaft

Subjects
010506 paleontology, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Monsoon, 01 natural sciences, palaeosalinity, Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous), Human settlement, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), monsoon, Precipitation, Environmental history, Holocene, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Geovetenskap och miljövetenskap, Paleontology, Arid, Geography, carbon isotopes, Mudflow, pollen, [SHS.ENVIR]Humanities and Social Sciences/Environmental studies, Period (geology), biomarker, Physical geography, [SDV.EE.BIO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Bioclimatology, Earth and Related Environmental Sciences
Abstract

The catastrophic impact and unpredictability of the Indian Ocean Monsoon (IOM) over South Asia are evident from devastating floods, mudslides and droughts in one of the most densely populated regions of the globe. However, our understanding as to how the IOM has varied in the past, as well as its impact on local environments, remains limited. This is particularly the case for Sri Lanka, where erosional landscapes have limited the availability of well-stratified, high-resolution terrestrial archives. Here, we present novel data from an undisturbed sediment core retrieved from the coastal Bolgoda Lake. This includes the presentation of a revised Late Holocene age model as well as an innovative combination of pollen, source-specific biomarkers, and compound-specific stable carbon isotopes of n-alkanes to reconstruct the shifts in precipitation, salinity and vegetation cover. Our record documents variable climate between 3000 years and the present, with arid conditions c. 2334 and 2067 cal a bp. This extreme dry period was preceded and followed by more wet conditions. The high-resolution palaeoenvironmental reconstruction fills a major gap in our knowledge on the ramifications of IOM shifts across South Asia and provides insights during a time of major redistribution of dense human settlements across Sri Lanka. Introduction Background, materials and methods - Study area and site - Sampling - Age–depth model - Biomarker analysis - Compound‐specific carbon isotope analysis - Pollen analysis Results - Chronology and climate zones - Biomarker trends and ratios of n‐alkanes - Triterpenols - δ13C isotopes in n‐alkanes - Pollen Discussion - Palaeoenvironmental implications - Mangrove vegetation, palaeosalinity changes and droughts - Palaeoclimate and palaeoenvironmental reconstruction - Zone 1 (2960 to 2390 cal a bp; 385–252 cm) - Zone 2 (2390 to 1800 cal a bp; 252–140 cm) - Zone 3 (1800 to 1318 cal a bp; 140–60 cm) - Zone 4 (1318 cal a bp to present; 60–0 cm) - South Asian comparisons and potential human implications Conclusions

Published
2020

11. Make azoles active again: chalcones as potent reversal agents of transporters-mediated resistance in Candida albicans

Author

Shweta Nim, Pratima Baghel, Pierre Falson, Viet-Khoa Tran-Nguyen, Attilio Di Pietro, Ahcène Boumendjel, Rajendra Prasad, Kim-Anh Nguyen, Basile Pérès, Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU), Département de pharmacochimie moléculaire (DPM ), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Laboratoire d'Innovation Thérapeutique (LIT), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Institut de biologie et chimie des protéines [Lyon] (IBCP), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Microbiologie moléculaire et biochimie structurale / Molecular Microbiology and Structural Biochemistry (MMSB)

Subjects
Azoles, 0301 basic medicine, Antifungal, Antifungal Agents, medicine.drug_class, 030106 microbiology, [CHIM.THER]Chemical Sciences/Medicinal Chemistry, Microbiology, Fungal Proteins, Structure-Activity Relationship, 03 medical and health sciences, Chalcones, Drug Resistance, Fungal, Candida albicans, Oxazines, Drug Discovery, medicine, [SDV.BBM.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Biochemistry [q-bio.BM], [SDV.MP.MYC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Mycology, Pharmacology, biology, [CHIM.ORGA]Chemical Sciences/Organic chemistry, Chemistry, Transporter, biology.organism_classification, 3. Good health, 030104 developmental biology, Molecular Medicine, ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters, Multidrug transporter
Abstract

International audience; Aim: Resistance against antifungals used for Candida albicans (Ca) treatment is mediated by two multidrug transporters, Mdr1p and Cdr1p, which are of enormous interest to the development of modulators combined with antifungals.Experimental: A set of chalcones was synthesized by condensation reactions in laboratory and was then subject to biological assays to evaluate the effects on different yeast strains.Results: The obtained chalcones were screened using the checkerboard liquid chemosensitization assays. Compounds 4, 10, 12 and 18, when combined with fluconazole, triggered strong sensitization on yeast strains overexpressing CaMdr1p and CaCdr1p, whereas displaying no cytotoxicity by themselves towards control strains and transporter-expressing yeast cells. In the Nile Red transport assay, the two most active compounds, 12 and 18 showed moderate-to-high accumulation of Nile Red with different behaviors towards the two transporters.Conclusion: Chalcones are promising drug candidates for further development to make azole antifungals active again.

Published
2018

12. Targeting a Reticulocyte Binding Protein and Duffy Binding Protein to Inhibit Reticulocyte Invasion by Plasmodium vivax

Author

Chetan E. Chitnis, Jean Popovici, Christèle Huon, Didier Menard, Camille Roesch, Sonal Gupta, Shailja Singh, Micheline Guillotte-Blisnick, Ahmed Rushdi Shakri, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology [New Delhi] (ICGEB), Special Centre for Molecular Medicine [New Delhi], Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU), Shiv Nadar University, Biologie de Plasmodium et Vaccins - Malaria Parasite Biology and Vaccines, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Biologie des Interactions Hôte-Parasite - Biology of Host-Parasite Interactions, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Menard, Didier, Institut Pasteur [Paris], and Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Reticulocytes, Plasmodium vivax, Protozoan Proteins, Antibodies, Protozoan, lcsh:Medicine, law.invention, Mice, Reticulocyte, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, law, Chlorocebus aethiops, Receptor, lcsh:Science, Vaccines, Synthetic, Multidisciplinary, biology, Recombinant Proteins, 3. Good health, medicine.anatomical_structure, COS Cells, [SDV.MHEP.MI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Recombinant DNA, Biological Assay, Rabbits, Antibody, [SDV.MP.PAR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, Antigens, Protozoan, Receptors, Cell Surface, DNA-binding protein, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, Antigen, Malaria Vaccines, parasitic diseases, medicine, Malaria, Vivax, Animals, Humans, [SDV.MP.PAR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs, Merozoites, Binding protein, lcsh:R, Membrane Proteins, biology.organism_classification, Virology, 030104 developmental biology, Immunoglobulin G, biology.protein, lcsh:Q
Abstract

Plasmodium vivax merozoite invasion is restricted to Duffy positive reticulocytes. Merozoite interaction with the Duffy antigen is mediated by the P. vivax Duffy binding protein (PvDBP). The receptor-binding domain of PvDBP maps to an N-terminal cysteine-rich region referred to as region II (PvDBPII). In addition, a family of P. vivax reticulocyte binding proteins (PvRBPs) mediates interactions with reticulocyte receptors. The receptor binding domain of P. vivax reticulocyte binding protein 1a (PvRBP1a) maps to a 30 kD region (PvRBP1a30). Antibodies raised against recombinant PvRBP1a30 and PvDBPII recognize the native P. vivax antigens and inhibit their binding to host receptors. Rabbit IgG purified from sera raised against PvRBP1a30 and PvDBPII were tested individually and in combination for inhibition of reticulocyte invasion by P. vivax field isolates. While anti-PvDBPII rabbit IgG inhibits invasion, anti-PvRBP1a30 rabbit IgG does not show significant invasion inhibitory activity. Combining antibodies against PvDBPII and PvRBP1a30 also does not increase invasion inhibitory activity. These studies suggest that although PvRBP1a mediates reticulocyte invasion by P. vivax merozoites, it may not be useful to include PvRBP1a30 in a blood stage vaccine for P. vivax malaria. In contrast, these studies validate PvDBPII as a promising blood stage vaccine candidate for P. vivax malaria.

Published
2018

13. Azole resistance in a Candida albicans mutant lacking the ABC transporter CDR6/ROA1 depends on TOR signaling

Author

Amitabha Chattopadhyay, Neeraj Chauhan, Parijat Sarkar, Naseem A. Gaur, Dominique Sanglard, Alix T. Coste, Brooke D. Esquivel, Nitesh Kumar Khandelwal, Murielle Chauvel, Rajendra Prasad, Meghna Gupta, Paola Coccetti, Alok K. Mondal, Theodore C. White, Ashutosh Singh, Christophe d'Enfert, Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU), International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology [New Delhi] (ICGEB), Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey [New Brunswick] (RU), Rutgers University System (Rutgers), CSIR - Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB), University of Missouri [Kansas City] (UMKC), University of Missouri System, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca [Milano] (UNIMIB), Lucknow University, Université de Lausanne (UNIL), University of California [San Francisco] (UCSF), University of California, Institut Pasteur [Paris], Biologie et Pathogénicité fongiques, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Department of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science and Technology, Government of India [BT/01/CEIB/10/III/02, BT/PR7392/MED/29/652/2012, BT/PR14879/BRB10/885/2010], National Institutes of Health [R01AI124499], DST PURSE grant, Khandelwal, N, Chauhan, N, Sarkar, P, Esquivel, B, Coccetti, P, Singh, A, Coste, A, Gupta, M, Sanglard, D, White, T, Chauvel, M, Denfert, C, Chattopadhyay, A, Gaur, N, Mondal, A, Prasad, R, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca = University of Milano-Bicocca (UNIMIB), Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL), University of California [San Francisco] (UC San Francisco), University of California (UC), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Biologie et Pathogénicité fongiques (BPF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), and Prasad, Rajendra

Subjects
Azoles, 0301 basic medicine, Antifungal Agents, membrane transport, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 030106 microbiology, Mutant, Ribosome biogenesis, ATP-binding cassette transporter, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, yeast, Biochemistry, ABC transporter, mTOR complex (mTORC), multidrug transporter, Azole resistance, CDR6, TOR signaling, Fungal Proteins, 03 medical and health sciences, Drug Resistance, Fungal, Membrane Biology, Candida albicans, Fluconazole, Molecular Biology, chemistry.chemical_classification, biology, Chemistry, TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases, Membrane Transport Proteins, Biological Transport, Cell Biology, Membrane transport, biology.organism_classification, BIO/10 - BIOCHIMICA, 3. Good health, Cell biology, 030104 developmental biology, Azole, ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters, Efflux, Fluorescence Recovery After Photobleaching
Abstract

International audience; ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters help export various substrates across the cell membrane and significantly contribute to drug resistance. However, a recent study reported an unusual case in which the loss of an ABC transporter in Candida albicans, orf19.4531 (previously named ROA1), increases resistance against antifungal azoles, which was attributed to an altered membrane potential in the mutant strain. To obtain further mechanistic insights into this phenomenon, here we confirmed that the plasma membrane-localized transporter (renamed CDR6/ROA1 for consistency with C. albicans nomenclature) could efflux xenobiotics such as berberine, rhodamine 123, and paraquat. Moreover, a CDR6/ROA1 null mutant, NKKY101, displayed increased susceptibility to these xenobiotics. Interestingly, fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) results indicated that NKKY101 mutant cells exhibited increased plasma membrane rigidity, resulting in reduced azole accumulation and contributing to azole resistance. Transcriptional profiling revealed that ribosome biogenesis genes were significantly up-regulated in the NKKY101 mutant. As ribosome biogenesis is a well-known downstream phenomenon of target of rapamycin (TOR1) signaling, we suspected a link between ribosome biogenesis and TOR1 signaling in NKKY101. Therefore, we grew NKKY101 cells on rapamycin and observed TOR1 hyperactivation, which leads to Hsp90-dependent calcineurin stabilization and thereby increased azole resistance. This in vitro finding was supported by in vivo data from a mouse model of systemic infection in which NKKY101 cells led to higher fungal load after fluconazole challenge than wild-type cells. Taken together, our study uncovers a mechanism of azole resistance in C. albicans, involving increased membrane rigidity and TOR signaling.

Published
2018

14. Role of a patatin-like phospholipase in Plasmodium falciparum gametogenesis and malaria transmission

Author

Aditi Alaganan, Chetan E. Chitnis, Lhousseine Touqui, Julien Guglielmini, Kunal R. More, Micheline Guillotte Blisnick, Sabine Thiberge, Shailja Singh, Audrey Lorthiois, Olivier Gorgette, Pallavi Singh, Shivani Shankar Aguilera, Biologie de Plasmodium et Vaccins - Malaria Parasite Biology and Vaccines, Institut Pasteur [Paris], ED 515 - Complexité du vivant, Sorbonne Université (SU), Centre de Production et Infection des Anophèles (plateforme) - Center for the Production and Infection of Anopheles (platform) (CEPIA), Plateforme BioImagerie Ultrastructurale – Ultrastructural BioImaging Platform (UTechS UBI), Hub Bioinformatique et Biostatistique - Bioinformatics and Biostatistics HUB, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Mucoviscidose et bronchopathies chroniques : biopathologie et phénotype cliniques - Cystic Fibrosis and Bronchial Diseases, CHU Saint-Antoine [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut Pasteur [Paris], Service de Pédiatrie et Réanimations néonatales [Béclère], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-AP-HP - Hôpital Antoine Béclère [Clamart], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU), This work was supported by a grant from Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR-17-CE15-0010) (C.E.C.) and internal funds from Institut Pasteur (C.E.C.). P.S. was a student of the Pasteur Paris Universities International Doctoral Program and was supported by a fellowship from Chronopost. P.S. was also supported by an Institut Carnot postdoctoral fellowship. A.A. was supported by a European Molecular Biology Organization (EMBO) postdoctoral fellowship., We thank Catherine Lavazec, Institut Cochin, Paris, for providing us P. falciparum NF54 strain and helping us initiate work on gametocytes. We thank Ellen Knuepfer and Tony Holder, Francis Crick Institute, London, for providing the CRISPR-Cas9 plasmids and Marta Tiburcio and Moritz Treeck, Francis Crick Institute, London, for providing the P. falciparum NF54 DiCre line. We also thank Jacomine Krijnse-Locker, of the electron microscopy Ultrastructural Bioimaging (UBI) platform, Insitut Pasteur, Paris, for providing ready access to the electron microscopy facility and Pietro Alano, Istituto Superiore di Sanita, Rome, for rabbit antisera against Pfg377., ANR-17-CE15-0010,MolSigMal,Evènements moléculaires de la signalisation induite par l'invasion des globules rouges par les parasites paludéens(2017), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Saint-Antoine [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Lorthiois, Audrey, and Evènements moléculaires de la signalisation induite par l'invasion des globules rouges par les parasites paludéens - - MolSigMal2017 - ANR-17-CE15-0010 - AAPG2017 - VALID

Subjects
MESH: Plasmodium falciparum / physiology, MESH: Malaria, Falciparum / parasitology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], malaria, MESH: Protozoan Proteins / genetics, Phospholipase, MESH: Gametogenesis, MESH: Malaria, Falciparum / transmission, MESH: Phospholipases / genetics, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: Protozoan Proteins / metabolism, parasitic diseases, medicine, Gametocyte, Secretion, malaria transmission, MESH: Life Cycle Stages, Gametogenesis, Plasmodium gametogenesis, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, Multidisciplinary, MESH: Humans, biology, MESH: Computational Biology / methods, 030302 biochemistry & molecular biology, Anopheles, Plasmodium falciparum, MESH: Sequence Deletion, biology.organism_classification, 3. Good health, Cell biology, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], patatin-like phospholipases, medicine.anatomical_structure, MESH: Plasmodium falciparum / ultrastructure, Patatin-like phospholipase, Gamete, MESH: Phospholipases / metabolism
Abstract

International audience; Transmission of Plasmodium falciparum involves a complex process that starts with the ingestion of gametocytes by female Anopheles mosquitoes during a blood meal. Activation of gametocytes in the mosquito midgut triggers "rounding up" followed by egress of both male and female gametes. Egress requires secretion of a perforin-like protein, PfPLP2, from intracellular vesicles to the periphery, which leads to destabilization of peripheral membranes. Male gametes also develop flagella, which assist in binding female gametes for fertilization. This process of gametogenesis, which is key to malaria transmission, involves extensive membrane remodeling as well as vesicular discharge. Phospholipase A2 enzymes (PLA2) are known to mediate membrane remodeling and vesicle secretion in diverse organisms. Here, we show that a P. falciparum patatin-like phospholipase (PfPATPL1) with PLA2 activity plays a key role in gametogenesis. Conditional deletion of the gene encoding PfPATPL1 does not affect P. falciparum blood stage growth or gametocyte development but reduces efficiency of rounding up, egress, and exflagellation of gametocytes following activation. Interestingly, deletion of the PfPATPL1 gene inhibits secretion of PfPLP2, reducing the efficiency of gamete egress. Deletion of PfPATPL1 also reduces the efficiency of oocyst formation in mosquitoes. These studies demonstrate that PfPATPL1 plays a role in gametogenesis, thereby identifying PLA2 phospholipases such as PfPATPL1 as potential targets for the development of drugs to block malaria transmission.

Published
2019

15. Cdr1p highlights the role of the non-hydrolytic ATP-binding site in driving drug translocation in asymmetric ABC pumps

Author

Atanu Banerjee, Alexis Moreno, Alok K. Mondal, Suman Sharma, Jorgaq Pata, Cédric Orelle, Remya Nair, Mohammad Firoz Khan, Rajendra Prasad, Sobhan Sen, Pierre Falson, Microbiologie moléculaire et biochimie structurale / Molecular Microbiology and Structural Biochemistry (MMSB), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU)

Subjects
Antifungal Agents, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], ATPase, Mutant, Biophysics, Chromosomal translocation, ATP-binding cassette transporter, medicine.disease_cause, Biochemistry, Fungal Proteins, 03 medical and health sciences, Adenosine Triphosphate, Drug Resistance, Fungal, Candida albicans, medicine, Binding site, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, Mutation, Binding Sites, biology, 030306 microbiology, Chemistry, Transporter, Cell Biology, Cell biology, Transmembrane domain, biology.protein, ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters, Protein Binding
Abstract

ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters couple ATP binding and hydrolysis to the translocation of allocrites across membranes. Two shared nucleotide-binding sites (NBS) participate in this cycle. In asymmetric ABC pumps, only one of them hydrolyzes ATP, and the functional role of the other remains unclear. Using a drug-based selection strategy on the transport-deficient mutant L529A in the transmembrane domain of the Candida albicans pump Cdr1p; we identified a spontaneous secondary mutation restoring drug-translocation. The compensatory mutation Q1005H was mapped 60 A away, precisely in the ABC signature sequence of the non-hydrolytic NBS. The same was observed in the homolog Cdr2p. Both the mutant and suppressor proteins remained ATPase active, but remarkably, the single Q1005H mutant displayed a two-fold reduced ATPase activity and a two-fold increased drug-resistance as compared to the wild-type protein, pointing at a direct control of the non-hydrolytic NBS in substrate-translocation through ATP binding in asymmetric ABC pumps.

Published
2019

16. The Ser/Thr protein kinase PrkC imprints phenotypic memory in Bacillus anthracis spores by phosphorylating the glycolytic enzyme enolase

Author

Vipin Chandra Kalia, Gunjan Arora, Vijay Pal Singh, Yogendra Singh, Virginie Molle, Archana Singh, Jayadev Joshi, Andaleeb Sajid, Yasha Hasija, Mohita Gaur, Ankur Bothra, Richa Virmani, Richa Garg, Richa Misra, Ajay Kumar Goel, Anshika Singhal, Jung-Kul Lee, LPHI - Laboratory of Pathogen Host Interactions (LPHI), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, chemistry.chemical_classification, 030102 biochemistry & molecular biology, biology, fungi, Enolase, Bacillus, Cell Biology, biology.organism_classification, Biochemistry, [SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, Bacillus anthracis, Cell biology, 03 medical and health sciences, 030104 developmental biology, Enzyme, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, chemistry, Spore germination, Phosphorylation, Protein phosphorylation, Protein kinase A, Molecular Biology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

Bacillus anthracis is the causative agent of anthrax in humans, bovine, and other animals. B. anthracis pathogenesis requires differentiation of dormant spores into vegetative cells. The spores inherit cellular components as phenotypic memory from the parent cell, and this memory plays a critical role in facilitating the spores' revival. Because metabolism initiates at the beginning of spore germination, here we metabolically reprogrammed B. anthracis cells to understand the role of glycolytic enzymes in this process. We show that increased expression of enolase (Eno) in the sporulating mother cell decreases germination efficiency. Eno is phosphorylated by the conserved Ser/Thr protein kinase PrkC which decreases the catalytic activity of Eno. We found that phosphorylation also regulates Eno expression and localization, thereby controlling the overall spore germination process. Using MS analysis, we identified the sites of phosphorylation in Eno, and substitution(s) of selected phosphorylation sites helped establish the functional correlation between phosphorylation and Eno activity. We propose that PrkC-mediated regulation of Eno may help sporulating B. anthracis cells in adapting to nutrient deprivation. In summary, to the best of our knowledge, our study provides the first evidence that in sporulating B. anthracis, PrkC imprints phenotypic memory that facilitates the germination process.

Published
2019

17. RTS,S/AS01E immunization increases antibody responses to vaccine-unrelated Plasmodium falciparum antigens associated with protection against clinical malaria in African children: a case-control study

Author

Núria Díez-Padrisa, Chenjerai Jairoce, Nana Aba Williams, Benoit Gamain, Ben Gyan, James G. Beeson, Alfons Jiménez, Evelina Angov, Kwaku Poku Asante, Rebeca Santano, Deepak Gaur, Ruth Aguilar, Aintzane Ayestaran, Clarissa Valim, Ross L. Coppel, David Dosoo, Seth Owusu-Agyei, Joseph J. Campo, David E. Lanar, Itziar Ubillos, Marta Vidal, David R. Cavanagh, Augusto Nhabomba, Virander S. Chauhan, Sheetij Dutta, Carlota Dobaño, Gemma Moncunill, Chetan E. Chitnis, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça [Maputo, Mozambique] (CISM), University of Ghana, Kintampo Health Research Centre, Ghana, CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology [New Delhi] (ICGEB), Biologie de Plasmodium et Vaccins - Malaria Parasite Biology and Vaccines, Institut Pasteur [Paris], Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU), Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases (IID), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Biologie Intégrée du Globule Rouge (BIGR (UMR_S_1134 / U1134)), Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine [Paris] (INTS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Monash University [Melbourne], University of Edinburgh, The Macfarlane Burnet Institute for Medical Research and Public Health [Melbourne], Funding was obtained from the NIH-NIAID (R01AI095789), PATH Malaria Vaccine Initiative (MVI), Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (Instituto de Salud Carlos III, PI11/00423 and PI14/01422), and EVIMalaR and AGAUR-Catalonia (2014 SGR991). GM was a recipient of a Sara Borrell—ISCIII fellowship (CD010/00156) and had the support of the Department of Health, Catalan Government (SLT006/17/00109). ISGlobal is a member of the CERCA Program, Generalitat de Catalunya., Biologie de Plasmodium et Vaccins, Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université des Antilles (UA)-CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe] -Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine [Paris] (INTS), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), and Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine [Paris] (INTS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université des Antilles (UA)

Subjects
Male, lcsh:Medicine, Antibodies, Protozoan, 0302 clinical medicine, Pre-erythrocytic antigens, antibody, RTS,S, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, Malaria, Falciparum, Child, Children, Protection, biology, Malaria vaccine, Vaccination, General Medicine, Acquired immune system, protection, 3. Good health, Blood-stage antigens, Child, Preschool, Female, Infants, Research Article, Naturally acquired immunity, Plasmodium falciparum, malaria, Malària, Àfrica, Antigens, Protozoan, RTS, 03 medical and health sciences, Immune system, Antigen, parasitic diseases, Malaria Vaccines, Humans, Antibody, Maternal antibodies, business.industry, lcsh:R, Infant, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, Malaria, maternal antibodies, Case-Control Studies, Immunology, Africa, Antibody Formation, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, [SDV.IMM.VAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology/Vaccinology, business, Vaccine, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

Background Vaccination and naturally acquired immunity against microbial pathogens may have complex interactions that influence disease outcomes. To date, only vaccine-specific immune responses have routinely been investigated in malaria vaccine trials conducted in endemic areas. We hypothesized that RTS,S/A01E immunization affects acquisition of antibodies to Plasmodium falciparum antigens not included in the vaccine and that such responses have an impact on overall malaria protective immunity. Methods We evaluated IgM and IgG responses to 38 P. falciparum proteins putatively involved in naturally acquired immunity to malaria in 195 young children participating in a case-control study nested within the African phase 3 clinical trial of RTS,S/AS01E (MAL055 NCT00866619) in two sites of different transmission intensity (Kintampo high and Manhiça moderate/low). We measured antibody levels by quantitative suspension array technology and applied regression models, multimarker analysis, and machine learning techniques to analyze factors affecting their levels and correlates of protection. Results RTS,S/AS01E immunization decreased antibody responses to parasite antigens considered as markers of exposure (MSP142, AMA1) and levels correlated with risk of clinical malaria over 1-year follow-up. In addition, we show for the first time that RTS,S vaccination increased IgG levels to a specific group of pre-erythrocytic and blood-stage antigens (MSP5, MSP1 block 2, RH4.2, EBA140, and SSP2/TRAP) which levels correlated with protection against clinical malaria (odds ratio [95% confidence interval] 0.53 [0.3–0.93], p = 0.03, for MSP1; 0.52 [0.26–0.98], p = 0.05, for SSP2) in multivariable logistic regression analyses. Conclusions Increased antibody responses to specific P. falciparum antigens in subjects immunized with this partially efficacious vaccine upon natural infection may contribute to overall protective immunity against malaria. Inclusion of such antigens in multivalent constructs could result in more efficacious second-generation multistage vaccines. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12916-019-1378-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Published
2019

18. Greatness of leader in Thirukural

Author

Ramasamy, Jayanthi, Palanisamy, Elango, Univ, Réunion, Florence Callandre-Barat, Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU), Université de La Réunion, and INALCO

Subjects
[SHS.ANTHRO-SE] Humanities and Social Sciences/Social Anthropology and ethnology, [SHS.ANTHRO-SE]Humanities and Social Sciences/Social Anthropology and ethnology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2019

19. A Nonlinear Statistical Model for Extracting a Climatic Signal From Glacier Mass Balance Measurements

Author

Vincent, C., Soruco, A., Azam, M., Basantes-Serrano, R., Jackson, M., Kjøllmoen, B., Thibert, E., Wagnon, P., Six, D., Rabatel, A., Ramanathan, A., Berthier, E., Cusicanqui, D., Vincent, P., Mandal, A., Institut des Géosciences de l’Environnement (IGE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Universidad Mayor de San Andrés (UMSA), Centro de Estudios Científicos (CECs), Norwegian Water Resources and Energy Directorate (NVE), Erosion torrentielle neige et avalanches (UR ETGR (ETNA)), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU), Laboratoire d'études en Géophysique et océanographie spatiales (LEGOS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Institut de Recherche pour le Develppement (IRD), Programme National de Teledetection Spatiale : PNTS-2016-01, Base Financing Program of CONICYT-Chile, Institut des Sciences de l'Univers (INSU), Statkraft AS, Department of Science & Technology (India), IFCPAR/CEFIPRA : 3900-W1, INDICE project by Norwegian Research Council, INSPIRE Faculty award from DST (India) : IFA-14-EAS-22, INDICE - Norwegian Research Council from 2013 to 2015, French Space Agency (CNES) through TOSCA program, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment
Abstract

[Departement_IRSTEA]Eaux [ADD1_IRSTEA]Hydrosystèmes et risques naturels; International audience; Understanding changes in glacier mass balances is essential for investigating climate changes. However, glacier‐wide mass balances determined from geodetic observations do not provide a relevant climatic signal as they depend on the dynamic response of the glaciers. In situ point mass balance measurements provide a direct signal but show a strong spatial variability that is difficult to assess from heterogeneous in situ measurements over several decades. To address this issue, we propose a nonlinear statistical model that takes into account the spatial and temporal changes in point mass balances. To test this model, we selected four glaciers in different climatic regimes (France, Bolivia, India, and Norway) for which detailed point annual mass balance measurements were available over a large elevation range. The model extracted a robust and consistent signal for each glacier. We obtained explained variances of 87.5, 90.2, 91.3, and 75.5% on Argentière, Zongo, Chhota Shigri, and Nigardsbreen glaciers, respectively. The standard deviations of the model residuals are close to measurement uncertainties. The model can also be used to detect measurement errors. Combined with geodetic data, this method can provide a consistent glacier‐wide annual mass balance series from a heterogeneous network. This model, available to the whole community, can be used to assess the impact of climate change in different regions of the world from long‐term mass balance series.

Published
2018

20. Targeting PUMA/Bcl-xL interaction by new specific compounds to unleash apoptotic process in cancer cells

Author

Appala Venkata Ramana Murthy, Nicolas Levoin, Sophie Barillé-Nion, Philippe Juin, A. K. D. Bhavani, René Grée, Fabien Gautier, Nangunoori Sampath Kumar, Vennu Narendar, Pasula Aparna, Paul Mosset, Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU), Stress Adaptation and Tumor Escape in Breast Cancer (CRCINA-ÉQUIPE 8), Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie et Immunologie Nantes-Angers (CRCINA), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Bioprojet-Biotech, Ligue contre le Cancer, Conseil Interrégional Grand Ouest, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Nantes - UFR de Médecine et des Techniques Médicales (UFR MEDECINE), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Angers (UA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Nantes - UFR de Médecine et des Techniques Médicales (UFR MEDECINE), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Angers (UA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)

Subjects
Models, Molecular, Protein-protein interactions, bcl-X Protein, [SDV.CAN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, Bcl-xL, Apoptosis, [CHIM.THER]Chemical Sciences/Medicinal Chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Protein–protein interaction, 03 medical and health sciences, Apoptotic Process, PUMA, Puma, Neoplasms, Proto-Oncogene Proteins, Drug Discovery, medicine, Animals, Humans, Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Cancer, 030304 developmental biology, Pharmacology, 0303 health sciences, biology, 010405 organic chemistry, Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, General Medicine, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Small molecule, 0104 chemical sciences, Interaction studies, Cancer cell, biology.protein, Cancer research, BRET, Molecular modelling, Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins
Abstract

We describe the first examples of small molecules able to disrupt the nanomolar interaction between the pro-apoptotic protein PUMA and its anti-apoptotic counterpart BcL-xL in malignant cells. Based on molecular modelling studies, we propose a rationale to this result, through a new "bottle-opener"-type strategy which could be of general use in the area of protein-protein interaction studies.

Published
2018

21. Methane Hydrate Formation and Dissociation in the Presence of Silica Sand and Bentonite Clay

Author

Sukumar Laik, G. Udayabhanu, Ajay Mandal, V. Kumar Saw, Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU), Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères (IMP), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon

Subjects
[PHYS]Physics [physics], General Chemical Engineering, Enthalpy, Clathrate hydrate, Energy Engineering and Power Technology, Artificial seawater, Mineralogy, lcsh:Chemical technology, lcsh:HD9502-9502.5, Dissociation (chemistry), Methane, lcsh:Energy industries. Energy policy. Fuel trade, chemistry.chemical_compound, Fuel Technology, chemistry, Chemical engineering, 13. Climate action, Bentonite, lcsh:TP1-1185, Particle size, Hydrate
Abstract

International audience; The formation and dissociation of methane hydrates in a porous media containing silica sand of different sizes and bentonite clay were studied in the presence of synthetic seawater with 3.55 wt% salinity. The phase equilibrium of methane hydrate under different experimental conditions was investigated. The effects of the particle size of silica sand as well as a mixture of bentonite clay and silica sand on methane hydrate formation and its dissociation were studied. The kinetics of hydrate formation was studied under different subcooling conditions to observe its effects on the induction time of hydrate formation. The amount of methane gas encapsulated in hydrate was computed using a real gas equation. The Clausius-Clapeyron equation is used to estimate the enthalpy of hydrate dissociation with measured phase equilibrium data.

Published
2015

22. Ser/Thr protein kinase PrkC-mediated regulation of GroEL is critical for biofilm formation in Bacillus anthracis

Author

Gunjan Arora, Anshika Singhal, Dörte Becher, Richa Virmani, Yogendra Singh, Andaleeb Sajid, Neha Dhasmana, Virginie Molle, C. M. Santosh Kumar, Ulf Gerth, Richa Misra, Shekhar C. Mande, Tanya Khanna, Abhijit Maji, Institut de biologie et chimie des protéines [Lyon] (IBCP), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut für Mikrobiologie - Institute for Microbiology, Universität Greifswald - University of Greifswald, and Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], macromolecular substances, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Microbiology, Article, Microbial ecology, 03 medical and health sciences, Protein kinase A, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 030102 biochemistry & molecular biology, biology, Kinase, QR100-130, Biofilm, GroES, biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition, biology.organism_classification, [SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, GroEL, Bacillus anthracis, enzymes and coenzymes (carbohydrates), [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, 030104 developmental biology, Biochemistry, Chaperone (protein), biological sciences, biology.protein, bacteria, Phosphorylation, Biotechnology
Abstract

PrkC is a conserved Ser/Thr protein kinase encoded in Bacillus anthracis genome. PrkC is shown to be important for B. anthracis pathogenesis, but little is known about its other functions and phosphorylated substrates. Systemic analyses indicate the compelling role of PrkC in phosphorylating multiple substrates, including the essential chaperone GroEL. Through mass spectrometry, we identified that PrkC phosphorylates GroEL on six threonine residues that are distributed in three canonical regions. Phosphorylation facilitates the oligomerization of GroEL to the physiologically active tetradecameric state and increases its affinity toward the co-chaperone GroES. Deletion of prkC in B. anthracis abrogates its ability to form biofilm. Overexpression of native GroEL recovers the biofilm-forming ability of prkC deletion strain. Similar overexpression of GroEL phosphorylation site mutants (Thr to Ala) does not augment biofilm formation. Further analyses indicate the phosphorylation of GroEL in diverse bacterial species. Thus, our results suggest that PrkC regulates biofilm formation by modulating the GroEL activity in a phosphorylation-dependent manner. The study deciphers the molecular signaling events that are important for biofilm formation in B. anthracis., Anthrax bacteria: a step in the pathway to biofilms An enzyme that adds phosphate groups to other proteins, PrkC, mediates molecular signaling events that allow anthrax bacteria to form biofilms. Bacillus anthracis is widely used as a model to explore the formation of biofilms that allows many bacterial infections to resist immune defenses. An international research team led by Yogendra Singh and Andaleeb Sajid at the CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology in Delhi, India, studied the bacterial protein kinase PrkC. The researchers found that PrkC phosphorylates a “chaperone” protein that assist the assembly and disassembly of other protein-based structures. This signaling protein and the chaperone help in biofilm formation. Establishing this link in the signaling chain leading to biofilms will guide future research to combat the role of biofilms in disease.

Published
2017

23. Tropospheric Ozone Assessment Report: Database and Metrics Data of Global Surface Ozone Observations

Author

Schultz, Martin G., Schröder, Sabine, Lyapina, Olga, Cooper, Owen, Galbally, Ian, Petropavlovskikh, Irina, von Schneidemesser, Erika, Tanimoto, Hiroshi, Elshorbany, Yasin, Naja, Ma, Seguel, Rodrigo, Dauert, Ute, Eckhardt, Paul, Feigenspahn, Stefan, Fiebig, Ma, Hjellbrekke, Anne-Gunn, Hong, You-Deog, Christian Kjeld, Peter, Koide, Hiroshi, Lear, Gary, Tarasick, David, Ueno, Mikio, Wallasch, Ma, Baumgardner, Darrel, Chuang, Ming-Tung, Gillett, Robert, Lee, Meehye, Molloy, Suzie, Moolla, Raeesa, Wang, Tao, Sharps, Katrina, Adame, Jose A., Ancellet, Gérard, Apadula, Francesco, Artaxo, Paul, Barlasina, Ma, Bogucka, Ma, Bonasoni, Paolo, Chang, Limseok, Colomb, Aurélie, Cuevas, Emilio, Cupeiro, Ma, Degorska, Anna, Ding, Aijun, Fröhlich, Ma, Frolova, Ma, Gadhavi, Harish, GHEUSI, François, Gilge, Stefan, Gonzalez, Ma, Gros, Valérie, Hamad, Samera H., Helmig, Detlev, Henriques, Diamantino, Hermansen, Ove, Holla, Robert, Huber, Jacques, Im, Ulas, Jaffe, Daniel A., Komala, Ninong, Kubistin, Dagmar, Lam, Ka-Se, Laurila, Tuomas, Lee, Haeyoung, Levy, Ilan, Mazzoleni, Claudio, Mazzoleni, Lynn, McClure-Begley, Audra, Mohamad, Maznorizan, Murovic, Marijana, Navarro-Comas, M., Nicodim, Florin, Parrish, David, Read, Katie A., Reid, Nick, Ries, Ludwig, Saxena, Pallavi, Schwab, James J., Scorgie, Yvonne, Senik, Irina, Simmonds, Peter, Sinha, Vinayak, Skorokhod, Andrey, Spain, Gerard, Spangl, Wolfgang, Spoor, Ronald, Springston, Stephen R., Steer, Kelvyn, Steinbacher, Martin, Suharguniyawan, Eka, Torre, Paul, Trickl, Thomas, Weili, Lin, Weller, Rolf, Xu, Xiaobin, Xue, Likun, Zhiqiang, Ma, Institut für Energie- und Klimaforschung - Troposphäre (IEK-8), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association-Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado [Boulder]-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), CSIRO Climate Science Centre, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] (CSIRO), NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies [Potsdam] (IASS), National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Aryabhatta Research Institute of Observational Sciences (ARIES), Centro Nacional de Medio Ambiente (CENMA), German Federal Environmental Agency / Umweltbundesamt (UBA), Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), National Institute of Environmental Research [South Korea] (NIER), European Environmental Agency (EEA), Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA), Office of Air and Radiation (OAR), US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Environment and Climate Change Canada, Centro de Ciencias de la Atmosfera [Mexico], Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México = National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), National Central University [Taiwan] (NCU), Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences [Korea], Korea University [Seoul], School of Geography, Archaeology and Environmental Studies [Johannesburg] (GAES), University of the Witwatersrand [Johannesburg] (WITS), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering [Hong Kong] (CEE), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University [Hong Kong] (POLYU), Centre for Ecology and Hydrology [Bangor] (CEH), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA), TROPO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ricerca sul Sistema Energetico (RSE), Instituto de Fisica da Universidade de São Paulo (IFUSP), Universidade de São Paulo = University of São Paulo (USP), Servicio Meteorológico Nacional [Buenos Aires], Institute of Meteorology and Water Management - National Research Institute (IMGW - PIB), CNR Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate (ISAC), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Laboratoire de Météorologie Physique (LaMP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Izaña Atmospheric Research Center (IARC), Agencia Estatal de Meteorología (AEMet), Iinstitute of Environmental Protection - National Research Institute (IOS-PIB), School of Atmospheric Sciences [Nanjing], Nanjing University (NJU), Umweltbundesamt GmbH = Environment Agency Austria, Latvian Environment Geology and Meteorology Centre (LEGMC), National Atmospheric Research Laboratory [Tirupati] (NARL), Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Zentrum für Medizin-Meteorologische Forschung (ZMMF), Deutscher Wetterdienst [Offenbach] (DWD), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Chimie Atmosphérique Expérimentale (CAE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMD School of Public Health, University of Maryland [College Park], University of Maryland System-University of Maryland System, Institute of Arctic Alpine Research [University of Colorado Boulder] (INSTAAR), University of Colorado [Boulder], Portuguese Institute for Sea and Atmosphere (IMPA), Norsk Institutt for Luftforskning (NILU), Meteorologisches Observatorium Hohenpeißenberg (MOHp), Department of Environmental Science [Roskilde] (ENVS), Aarhus University [Aarhus], School of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics [Bothell] (STEM), University of Washington-Bothell, Indonesian National Institute of Aeronautics and Space (LAPAN), Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), National Institute of Meteorological Sciences (NIMS), Air Quality and Climate Change Division [Jerusalem], Israël Ministry of Environmental Protection, Michigan Technological University (MTU), Malaysian Meteorological Department (MetMalaysia), Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation [Malaysia] (MOSTI), Slovenian Environment Agency, Administratia Nationala de Meteorologie, Department of Chemistry [York, UK], University of York [York, UK], Auckland Council, Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU), Atmospheric Sciences Research Center (ASRC), University at Albany [SUNY], State University of New York (SUNY)-State University of New York (SUNY), New South Wales Office of Environment and Heritage, A.M.Obukhov Institute of Atmospheric Physics (IAP), Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS), School of Chemistry [Bristol], University of Bristol [Bristol], Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali (IISER Mohali), National University of Ireland [Galway] (NUI Galway), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment [Bilthoven] (RIVM), Brookhaven National Laboratory [Upton, NY] (BNL), UT-Battelle, LLC-Stony Brook University [SUNY] (SBU), State University of New York (SUNY)-State University of New York (SUNY)-U.S. Department of Energy [Washington] (DOE), South Australia Environment Protection Authority (EPA), Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology [Thun] (EMPA), Indonesian Meteorological, Climatologicall and Geophysical Agency (BMKG), Environment Protection Authority Victoria (EPA ), Institut für Meteorologie und Klimaforschung - Atmosphärische Umweltforschung (IMK-IFU), Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), China Meteorological Administration (CMA), Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), Shandong University, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Instituto de Fisica [Sao Paulo], Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Umweltbundesamt GmbH/Environment Agency Austria, National Atmospheric Research Laboratory [Tirupathi] (NARL), Météo France-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research (INSTAAR), U.S. Department of Energy [Washington] (DOE)-UT-Battelle, LLC-Stony Brook University [SUNY] (SBU), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Météo France-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
lcsh:GE1-350, tropospheric ozone, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], Monitoring, ground-level ozone, monitoring, database, Tropospheric ozone, Ecology and Environment, Atmospheric Sciences, Database, Earth sciences, ddc:550, Data and Information, Ground-level ozone, lcsh:Environmental sciences
Abstract

In support of the first Tropospheric Ozone Assessment Report (TOAR) a relational database of global surface ozone observations has been developed and populated with hourly measurement data and enhanced metadata. A comprehensive suite of ozone data products including standard statistics, health and vegetation impact metrics, and trend information, are made available through a common data portal and a web interface. These data form the basis of the TOAR analyses focusing on human health, vegetation, and climate relevant ozone issues, which are part of this special feature. Cooperation among many data centers and individual researchers worldwide made it possible to build the world’s largest collection of in-situ hourly surface ozone data covering the period from 1970 to 2015. By combining the data from almost 10,000 measurement sites around the world with global metadata information, new analyses of surface ozone have become possible, such as the first globally consistent characterisations of measurement sites as either urban or rural/remote. Exploitation of these global metadata allows for new insights into the global distribution, and seasonal and long-term changes of tropospheric ozone and they enable TOAR to perform the first, globally consistent analysis of present-day ozone concentrations and recent ozone changes with relevance to health, agriculture, and climate. Considerable effort was made to harmonize and synthesize data formats and metadata information from various networks and individual data submissions. Extensive quality control was applied to identify questionable and erroneous data, including changes in apparent instrument offsets or calibrations. Such data were excluded from TOAR data products. Limitations of a posteriori data quality assurance are discussed. As a result of the work presented here, global coverage of surface ozone data for scientific analysis has been significantly extended. Yet, large gaps remain in the surface observation network both in terms of regions without monitoring, and in terms of regions that have monitoring programs but no public access to the data archive. Therefore future improvements to the database will require not only improved data harmonization, but also expanded data sharing and increased monitoring in data-sparse regions. This work is part of the Tropospheric Ozone Assessment Report (TOAR) which was supported by the International Global Atmospheric Chemistry (IGAC) project, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Forschungszentrum Jülich, and the World Meteorological Organisation (WMO). Many institutions and agencies sup¬ported the implementation of the measurements, and the processing, quality assurance, and submission of the data contained in the TOAR database.

Published
2017

24. pHluorin enables insights into the transport mechanism of antiporter Mdr1: R215 is critical for drug/H+ antiport

Author

Pierre Falson, Atanu Banerjee, Alexis Moreno, Nitesh Kumar Khandelwal, Archana Kumari Redhu, Rajendra Prasad, Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU), Institut de biologie et chimie des protéines [Lyon] (IBCP), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Amity University

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Stereochemistry, Chemistry, Antiporter, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 030106 microbiology, Green Fluorescent Proteins, Protonation, Cell Biology, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Biochemistry, Transmembrane protein, Fluorescence, 03 medical and health sciences, Cytosol, 030104 developmental biology, Parallel import, Docking (molecular), Proton transport, Efflux, ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1, Molecular Biology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

Multidrug resistance 1 (MDR1) is a member of the major facilitator superfamily that contributes to MDR of Candida albicans This antiporter belongs to the drug/H(+) antiporter 1 family, pairing the downhill gradient of protons to drug extrusion. Hence, drug efflux from cytosol to extracellular space and the parallel import of H(+) towards cytosol are inextricably linked processes. For monitoring the drug/H(+) antiporter activity of Mdr1p, we developed a new system, exploiting a GFP variant pHluorin, which changes its fluorescence properties with pH. This enabled us to measure the cytosolic pH correlated to drug efflux. Since protonation of charged residues is a key step in proton movement, we explored the role of all charged residues of the 12 transmembrane segments (TMSs) of Mdr1p in drug/H(+) transport by mutational analysis. This revealed that the conserved residue R(215), positioned close to the C-terminal end of TMS-4, is critical for drug/H(+) antiport, allowing protonation over a range of pH, in contrast with its H(215) or K(215) variants that failed to transport drugs at basic pH. Mutation of other residues of TMS-4 highlights the role of this TMS in drug transport, as confirmed by in silico modelling of Mdr1p and docking of drugs. The model points to the importance of R(215) in proton transport, suggesting that it may adopt two main conformations, one oriented towards the extracellular face and the other towards the centre of Mdr1p. Together, our results not only establish a new system for monitoring drug/H(+) transport, but also unveil a positively charged residue critical to Mdr1p function.

Published
2016

25. ETD Publishing, Open Access and Embargo

Author

Gaur, Ramesh, Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU), Université de Lille Sciences humaines et sociales, and Fournel, Emmanuelle

Subjects
Open Access, [SHS.INFO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Library and information sciences, ETD, ETD Publishing, Embargo, Indian Universities, [SHS.INFO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Library and information sciences
Abstract

International audience; Currently India is having over 700 Universities. There are 45 Central Universities, 318 State Universities, 185 Private Universities, 128 Deemed-to-be Universities, 51 Institutions are of national importance. The number of colleges has also registered manifold increase of 74 times with just 500 in 1950 growing to 37,204, as on 31st March, 2013 . On an average, over 40,000 Ph.D. theses and M.Phil. dissertations are annually contributed by these Universities. University Grants Commission(UGC) is the controlling body for the University education in India. UGC vide minimum standard and procedure for the award of M.Phil./Ph.D. degree regulation 2009, has mandated electronic submission of theses and dissertations under Open Access in its repository-Shodhganga. The e-theses repository known as Shodhganga has been created by Information Library Network Centre, Ahmadabad. About 65,000 e-theses have been deposited to Shodhganga by 231 Universities from India. Only 249 Universities from India have formally joined Shodhganga. Over a million Ph.D. theses and dissertations are available with the Indian Universities. So the process of ETD implementation is slow. Still a long way to go. ETD publishing, open access and embargo are some of the issues responsible for the slow process of electronic theses and dissertations. Besides, as per UGC guidelines, it is mandatory for each researcher to contribute at least one paper in reputed journal. How this policy has helped in enhancing research output of Indian Universities? In the paper efforts will be made to identify various problems faced by Indian Universities in implementing ETD programmes. Various embargo policies adopted in Indian Universities will also be discussed. The efforts should also be made to find out status of other ETD publishing initiatives in Indian Universities. The data will be collected through online questionnaire. However, various secondary sources available through internet may also be referred to gather desired information. Ultimate aim is to present a status report on preservation and access to theses and Dissertations in India.

Published
2016

26. Limit Order Books

Author

Frédéric Abergel, Marouane Anane, Anirban Chakraborti, Aymen Jedidi, Ioane Muni Toke, Mathématiques et Informatique pour la Complexité et les Systèmes (MICS), CentraleSupélec, Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU), Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie (UNC), BNP Paribas, Mathématiques Appliquées aux Systèmes - EA 4037 (MAS), Ecole Centrale Paris, and Pôle Pluridisciplinaire de la Matière et de l'Environnement (PPME)

Subjects
010104 statistics & probability, 050208 finance, 0502 economics and business, 05 social sciences, 0101 mathematics, [MATH]Mathematics [math], [QFIN.TR]Quantitative Finance [q-fin]/Trading and Market Microstructure [q-fin.TR], 01 natural sciences, [QFIN.CP]Quantitative Finance [q-fin]/Computational Finance [q-fin.CP], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

A limit order book is essentially a file on a computer that contains all orders sent to the market, along with their characteristics such as the sign of the order, price, quantity and a timestamp. The majority of organized electronic markets rely on limit order books to store the list of interests of market participants on their central computer. A limit order book contains all the information available on a specific market and it reflects the way the market moves under the influence of its participants. This book discusses several models of limit order books. It begins by discussing the data to assess their empirical properties, and then moves on to mathematical models in order to reproduce the observed properties. Finally, the book presents a framework for numerical simulations. It also covers important modelling techniques including agent-based modelling, and advanced modelling of limit order books based on Hawkes processes. The book also provides in-depth coverage of simulation techniques and introduces general, flexible, open source library concepts useful to readers studying trading strategies in order-driven markets.

Published
2016

27. Econophysics and Sociophysics: Recent Progress and Future Directions

Author

Nivedita Deo, Irena Vodenska, Anirban Chakraborti, Hideaki Aoyama, Bikas K. Chakrabarti, Frédéric Abergel, Dhruv Raina, Mathématiques et Informatique pour la Complexité et les Systèmes (MICS), CentraleSupélec, Kyoto University [Kyoto], Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics Kolkata (SINP), Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU), University of Delhi, and Boston University [Boston] (BU)

Subjects
Econophysics, 0502 economics and business, 0103 physical sciences, 05 social sciences, Economics, 050207 economics, Neoclassical economics, [MATH]Mathematics [math], 010306 general physics, 01 natural sciences, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2015

28. Hybrid histidine kinases in pathogenic fungi

Author

Defosse, Tatiana, Sharma, Anupam, Mondal, Alok, Dugé de Bernonville, Thomas, Latgé, Jean-Paul, Calderone, Richard, Giglioli-Guivarc'H, Nathalie, Courdavault, Vincent, Clastre, Marc, Papon, Nicolas, Biomolécules et biotechnologies végétales (BBV EA 2106), Université de Tours, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology [Chandigarh] (IMTech), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research [India] (CSIR), Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU), Aspergillus, Institut Pasteur [Paris], Georgetown University Medical Center, Université de Tours (UT), and Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)

Subjects
Histidine Kinase, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Genes, Fungal, Fungi, Amino Acid Sequence, Phosphorylation, Protein Kinases, Conserved Sequence, Phylogeny, Signal Transduction
Abstract

International audience; Histidine kinases (HK) sense and transduce via phosphorylation events many intra‐ and extracellular signals in bacteria, archaea, slime moulds and plants. HK are also widespread in the fungal kingdom, but their precise roles in the regulation of physiological processes remain largely obscure. Expanding genomic resources have recently given the opportunity to identify uncharacterised HK family members in yeasts and moulds and now allow proposing a complex classification of Basidiomycota, Ascomycota and lower fungi HK. A growing number of genetic approaches have progressively provided new insight into the role of several groups of HK in prominent fungal pathogens. In particular, a series of studies have revealed that members of group III HK, which occur in the highest number of fungal species and contain a unique N‐terminus region consisting of multiple HAMP domain repeats, regulate morphogenesis and virulence in various human, plant and insect pathogenic fungi. This research field is further supported by recent shape‐function studies providing clear correlation between structural properties and signalling states in group III HK. Since HK are absent in mammals, these represent interesting fungal target for the discovery of new antifungal drugs.

Published
2014

29. Molecular Mechanisms of Action of Herbal Antifungal Alkaloid Berberine, in Candida albicans

Author

Sanjiveeni Dhamgaye, Dominique Sanglard, Frédéric Devaux, Patrick Vandeputte, Nitesh Kumar Khandelwal, Rajendra Prasad, Gauranga Mukhopadhyay, Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU), Génomique des Microorganismes (LGM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Lausanne (UNIL), and Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL)

Subjects
Antifungal Agents, Berberine, Calcineurin Pathway, Mutant, lcsh:Medicine, Mitochondrion, Biochemistry, Microbiology, Fungal Proteins, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Drug Resistance, Fungal, Candida albicans, Humans, [SDV.BBM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, lcsh:Science, Heat-Shock Proteins, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, Multidisciplinary, biology, 030306 microbiology, lcsh:R, Candidiasis, Biology and Life Sciences, biology.organism_classification, Corpus albicans, Drug Resistance, Multiple, 3. Good health, Heat shock factor, Multiple drug resistance, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, chemistry, Mutation, lcsh:Q, Reactive Oxygen Species, Research Article, Biotechnology, Transcription Factors
Abstract

International audience; Candida albicans causes superficial to systemic infections in immuno-compromised individuals. The concomitant use of fungistatic drugs and the lack of cidal drugs frequently result in strains that could withstand commonly used antifungals, and display multidrug resistance (MDR). In search of novel fungicidals, in this study, we have explored a plant alkaloid berberine (BER) for its antifungal potential. For this, we screened an in-house transcription factor (TF) mutant library of C. albicans strains towards their susceptibility to BER. Our screen of TF mutant strains identified a heat shock factor (HSF1), which has a central role in thermal adaptation, to be most responsive to BER treatment. Interestingly, HSF1 mutant was not only highly susceptible to BER but also displayed collateral susceptibility towards drugs targeting cell wall (CW) and ergosterol biosynthesis. Notably, BER treatment alone could affect the CW integrity as was evident from the growth retardation of MAP kinase and calcineurin pathway null mutant strains and transmission electron microscopy. However, unlike BER, HSF1 effect on CW appeared to be independent of MAP kinase and Calcineurin pathway genes. Additionally, unlike hsf1 null strain, BER treatment of Candida cells resulted in dysfunctional mitochondria, which was evident from its slow growth in non-fermentative carbon source and poor labeling with mitochondrial membrane potential sensitive probe. This phenotype was reinforced with an enhanced ROS levels coinciding with the up-regulated oxidative stress genes in BER-treated cells. Together, our study not only describes the molecular mechanism of BER fungicidal activity but also unravels a new role of evolutionary conserved HSF1, in MDR of Candida.

Published
2014

30. Restructuring innovation systems in India through migration

Author

Binod Khadria, Jean-Baptiste Meyer, Centre population et développement (CEPED - UMR_D 196), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), and Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU)

Subjects
Restructuring, INNOVATION, media_common.quotation_subject, Wage, High skill, MIGRATION INTERNATIONALE, RECHERCHE SCIENTIFIQUE, Diaspora, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, Economics, EXODE DES COMPETENCES, MIGRATION TEMPORAIRE, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, media_common, POLITIQUE DE LA SCIENCE, Divergence (linguistics), DIASPORA, Technology policy, FUITE DES CERVEAUX, National innovation system, COOPERATION INTERNATIONALE, Economy, TRANSFERT DE TECHNOLOGIE, POLITIQUE MIGRATOIRE, National system, ETUDIANT
Abstract

The paper discusses the role of migration in shaping the innovation systems in affected countries. The first section would clarify how the stereotypical benefits of high skill migration are nullified by three dynamic conflicts of interest between the source and the destination countries viz. age, wage and vintage. It would also argue that the relationship between diaspora knowledge networks and development in the home countries is a complex one. The second section would explain the divergence in stakes in the restructuring of the innovation systems between the developed destination countries and the developing origin countries. The formulation of the National Innovation System (NIS), introduced by Freeman (1987, Technology policy and economic performance – lessons from Japan. London: Pinter; 1995, The ‘National System of Innovation’ in Historical Perspective. Cambridge Journal of Economics, 19, 5–24), seems to contextualize these divergences due to restructuring of technology transferred by the migrants. It has been argued that differences in NIS are important explanations of uneven development patterns worldwide. The transfer of technology and innovations has never been easy. Typically, high levels of skill and technical competence are needed in the recipient country. The innovation process surely comprises an area of economic behaviour in which uncertainty and complexity are absolutely central characteristics of the environment; empirical approaches to the problem must, therefore, take far greater cognizance of the processes that underlie the output of innovation. The third section would talk about the changing scenario of global redistribution of the S&T capacities, where, in comparison to the earlier dominance of the traditional triads of North America, Western Europe and Japan, countries like China, Australia, Brazil and India are emerging as significant attractors of brains i.e. of scholars and students. The fourth section would discuss the mutuality of benefits derived by both the sides through scholar mobility. The fifth section would analyse the example of development of the Indian IT industry and its linkages with the dynamics in North America through non-resident Indians and would shed light on how the highly skilled expatriate networks connect dispersed human resources in S&T with their countries of origin and generate a significant impact on innovation processes back home. The role of migration in restructuring innovation systems in origin and/or destination countries thus has debatable twists! But, because there are always two sides of the coin, it depends upon how one tosses it, to get to see the side one wants up – both sides vying for ‘heads I win, tails you lose’ outcome. In other words, the debate requires a balanced perspective for arriving at a win–win situation, which can be brought about through equitable adversary analysis.

Published
2013

31. Changing Social Relations between Science and Society: Contemporary Challenges

Author

Krishna, Venni, Science Policy, Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU), and FMSH, Communication

Subjects
[SHS.HISPHILSO]Humanities and Social Sciences/History, Philosophy and Sociology of Sciences, post-industrial society, changement climatique, climate change, [SHS.HISPHILSO] Humanities and Social Sciences/History, Philosophy and Sociology of Sciences, ethos of science, mondialisation, éthique de la science, social institution of science, institution sociale de la science, science, globalization, société post-industrielle
Abstract

Social history of modern science, particularly the way it acquired social legitimacy clearly depicts the science and society relationships emerging from the time of Galileo. The social institution of science has evolved as one of the most powerful, highly influential and sought out institutions. Knowledge as public good; peer review of science; prominence attached to open publications; and premium placed on professional recognition and scientific autonomy remained the hall mark of science for the last three centuries. Based on this ethos of science, the social institution of science evolved a unique social contract between science and society in the last six decades. As we enter the second decade of 21st century, the social institution of science is undergoing a major change. Three societal forces are responsible for the change: a) globalization; b) industrial and post-industrial society; and c) climate change. What is at stake? Is there a significant change? Is it transforming the very social institution of science? And what implications this has for our contemporary and future society? These are some of the important issues, which will be addressed in this essay, which has inspired the lecture given during the awarding of the Charles and Monique Morazé Prize 2013 to the international journal Science, Technology and Society published by Sage India., L'histoire sociale de la science moderne, particulièrement la façon dont elle a acquis sa légitimité sociale, analyse les relations entre science et société telles qu'elles émergèrent depuis Galilée. L'institution sociale de la science est devenue au fil du temps l'une des plus puissantes, l'une des plus influentes et l'une des plus courtisées des institutions. La connaissance définie comme bien commun, l'évaluation par les pairs, la prééminence des publications ouvertes, comme celle de la reconnaissance professionnelle et de l'autonomie scientifique ont constitué depuis trois siècles les traits distinctifs de la science. Cette éthique de l'institution scientifique a fourni la base du contrat social qui s'est établi entre science et société depuis six décennies. Mais alors que nous entrons dans la deuxième décennie du XXIe siècle, l'institution sociale de la science est en pleine transformation. Trois dynamiques sociétales expliquent ce changement : la mondialisation ; l'industrialisation et la post-industrialisation ; le changement climatique. Quels en sont les enjeux ? Jusqu'à quel point cette évolution est-elle significative? Jusqu'où l'institution sociale de la science en est-elle elle-même affectée ? Quelles implications ce processus aura-t-il sur la société contemporaine, et sur celle de demain ? L'essai qui suit tente d'éclairer ces importantes questions. Ce texte a servi de base à la conférence prononcée à l'occasion de la remise du Prix Charles et Monique Morazé 2013 à la revue internationale Science, Technology and Society, publiée par Sage India.

Published
2013

32. Intensity noise correlations in a two-frequency VECSEL

Author

Rupamanjari Ghosh, Ghaya Baili, Fabien Bretenaker, G. Pillet, Syamsundar De, Vishwa Pal, Isabelle Sagnes, A. El Amili, Mehdi Alouini, Laboratoire Aimé Cotton (LAC), École normale supérieure - Cachan (ENS Cachan)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), School of Physical Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU), Institut de Physique de Rennes (IPR), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Thales Research and Technology [Palaiseau], THALES, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) India, Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and THALES [France]

Subjects
DYNAMICS, Phase (waves), 02 engineering and technology, Low frequency, Signal-To-Noise Ratio, 01 natural sciences, 010309 optics, 020210 optoelectronics & photonics, Optics, 0103 physical sciences, Phase noise, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Computer Simulation, Physics, Coupling, PHOTONICS APPLICATIONS, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], business.industry, Noise spectral density, Lasers, Spectral density, Equipment Design, Models, Theoretical, RADAR, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, SIGNAL, Equipment Failure Analysis, EMITTING SEMICONDUCTOR-LASERS, Amplitude, YB-GLASS-LASER, business, Noise (radio), GENERATION
Abstract

International audience; We present an experimental and theoretical study of the intensity noise correlation between the two orthogonally polarized modes in a dual frequency Vertical External Cavity Surface Emitting Laser (VECSEL). The dependence of the noise correlation spectra on the non-linear coupling between the two orthogonally polarized modes is put into evidence. Our results show that for small coupling the noise correlation amplitude and phase spectra remain nearly flat (around -6 dB and 0 degrees respectively) within the frequency range of our interest (from 100 kHz to 100 MHz). But for higher values of the coupling constant the low frequency behaviors (below 1-2 MHz) of the correlation amplitude and phase spectra are drastically changed, whereas above this cut-off frequency (1-2 MHz) the correlation spectra are almost independent of coupling strength. The theoretical model is based on the assumptions that the only source of noise in the frequency range of our interest for the two modes are pump noises, which are white noises of equal amplitude but partially correlated. (C) 2013 Optical Society of America.

Published
2013

33. Balanced conditions or slight mass gain of glaciers in the Lahaul and Spiti region (northern India, Himalaya) during the nineties preceded recent mass loss

Author

D. P. Dobhal, P. G. Jose, Julie Gardelle, Yves Arnaud, Anurag Linda, Patrick Wagnon, Etienne Berthier, Christian Vincent, Mohd Farooq Azam, Parmanand Sharma, Al. Ramanathan, CHYC, Laboratoire de glaciologie et géophysique de l'environnement (LGGE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire d'étude des transferts en hydrologie et environnement (LTHE), Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology, School of Environmental Sciences, GLACIO LEGOS, Laboratoire d'études en Géophysique et océanographie spatiales (LEGOS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), National Centre for Antarctic and Ocean Research, Laboratoire d'étude des transferts en hydrologie et environnement (LTHE), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire d'étude des transferts en hydrologie et environnement (LTHE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire d'étude des transferts en hydrologie et environnement (LTHE), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 0207 environmental engineering, 02 engineering and technology, Volume change, Water equivalent, 01 natural sciences, Turning point, Mass gain, 020701 environmental engineering, Geomorphology, lcsh:Environmental sciences, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, Water Science and Technology, lcsh:GE1-350, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Equilibrium conditions, lcsh:QE1-996.5, Glacier, lcsh:Geology, Negative mass, 13. Climate action, Physical geography, Geology
Abstract

The volume change of the Chhota Shigri Glacier (India, 32° 20 N, 77° 30' E) between 1988 and 2010 has been determined using in situ geodetic measurements. This glacier has experienced only a slight mass loss between 1988 and 2010 (−3.8 ± 2.0 m w.e. (water equivalent) corresponding to −0.17 ± 0.09 m w.e. yr−1). Using satellite digital elevation models (DEM) differencing and field measurements, we measure a negative mass balance (MB) between 1999 and 2010 (−4.8 ± 1.8 m w.e. corresponding to −0.44 ± 0.16 m w.e. yr−1). Thus, we deduce a slightly positive or near-zero MB between 1988 and 1999 (+1.0 ± 2.7 m w.e. corresponding to +0.09 ± 0.24 m w.e. yr−1). Furthermore, satellite DEM differencing reveals that the MB of the Chhota Shigri Glacier (−0.39 ± 0.15 m w.e. yr−1) has been only slightly less negative than the MB of a 2110 km2 glaciarized area in the Lahaul and Spiti region (−0.44 ± 0.09 m w.e. yr−1) during 1999−2011. Hence, we conclude that the ice wastage is probably moderate in this region over the last 22 yr, with near equilibrium conditions during the nineties, and an ice mass loss after. The turning point from balanced to negative mass budget is not known but lies probably in the late nineties and at the latest in 1999. This positive or near-zero MB for Chhota Shigri Glacier (and probably for the surrounding glaciers of the Lahaul and Spiti region) during at least part of the 1990s contrasts with a recent compilation of MB data in the Himalayan range that indicated ice wastage since 1975. However, in agreement with this compilation, we confirm more negative balances since the beginning of the 21st century.

Published
2013

34. Some Aspects of External Dimensions of Indian Economy in the Age of Globalisation

Author

Byasdeb Dasgupta, FMSH, Communication, Département d'économie, and Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU)

Subjects
ouverture économique, économie indienne, economic opening up, global capitalism, India, Inde,économie indienne,capitalisme global,ouverture économique,globalisation,India,Indian economy,global capitalism,economic opening up, Inde, globalisation, Indian economy, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, capitalisme global, [SHS.ECO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance
Abstract

External dimensions of Indian economy in the age of globalisation are viewed in this paper in terms of unabated opening up of the economy with respect to both trade and foreign capital flows. This paper empirically shows that with more opening up of the economy there is more and more transfer of financial resources abroad from the Indian economy. So opening up through neoliberal globalisation is a ploy of global capitalism to extract super duper surplus from India. Analytically also the paper makes an attempt to negate the recent policy reforms (as is imminent in allowing FDI in multi-brand retail, aviations and insurance and in relentless efforts of the Government in slashing down fiscal deficit) as anti-growth and more attuned to the interests of global finance and capital., Les dimensions extérieures de l'économie indienne à l'heure de la mondialisation sont analysées dans le cadre de l'ouverture continue de l'économie dans le domaine des échanges commerciaux et des flux de capitaux. Cette étude montre qu'avec cette ouverture, les transferts de ressources financières de l'économie indienne à l'étranger ne cessent de croître. La mondialisation libérale est ainsi une manière pour le capitalisme global d'extraire un surplus de l'Inde. L'analyse indique également que la politique de réforme du gouvernement indien (illustrée par l'ouverture des secteurs de la grande distribution, du transport aérien et de l'assurance aux capitaux étrangers ainsi que par l'effort mis sur la réduction du déficit fiscal) ne sert pas la croissance mais plutôt les intérêts de la finance globale et du capital.

Published
2013

35. Stuttering Min oscillations within E. coli bacteria: a stochastic polymerization model

Author

Andrew D. Rutenberg, Julien Derr, Anirban Sain, Supratim Sengupta, Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU), Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal (IISER Bhopal), Reproduction et développement des plantes (RDP), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Indian Institute of Technology Bombay (IIT Bombay), and Dalhousie University [Halifax]

Subjects
Quantitative Biology - Subcellular Processes, stuttering, Cell Cycle Proteins, 01 natural sciences, Protein filament, Adenosine Triphosphate, Structural Biology, 87.17.Ee, Adenosine Triphosphatases, 0303 health sciences, Chemistry, Oscillation, Escherichia coli Proteins, numbers: 87.16.A, Membrane, Pole Oscillation, Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph), polymerization, Cell-Division, medicine.symptom, E coli bacteria, Stuttering, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-BIO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Biological Physics [physics.bio-ph], Biophysics, FOS: Physical sciences, macromolecular substances, 87.18.Tt spatio-temporal oscillation, Models, Biological, Min oscillation, 03 medical and health sciences, Division-Site Placement, 0103 physical sciences, medicine, Escherichia coli, Physics - Biological Physics, Fragmentation (cell biology), 010306 general physics, Molecular Biology, Subcellular Processes (q-bio.SC), 030304 developmental biology, Inhibitor Minc, Stochastic Processes, Cell Biology, Processivity, nervous system diseases, Atp, Polymerization, In-Vitro, Localization, FOS: Biological sciences, stochastic modelling, Escherichia-Coli, Self-Organization
Abstract

We have developed a 3D off-lattice stochastic polymerization model to study subcellular oscillation of Min proteins in the bacteria Escherichia coli, and used it to investigate the experimental phenomenon of Min oscillation stuttering. Stuttering was affected by the rate of immediate rebinding of MinE released from depolymerizing filament tips (processivity), protection of depolymerizing filament tips from MinD binding, and fragmentation of MinD filaments due to MinE. Each of processivity, protection, and fragmentation reduces stuttering, speeds oscillations, and reduces MinD filament lengths. Neither processivity or tip-protection were, on their own, sufficient to produce fast stutter-free oscillations. While filament fragmentation could, on its own, lead to fast oscillations with infrequent stuttering; high levels of fragmentation degraded oscillations. The infrequent stuttering observed in standard Min oscillations are consistent with short filaments of MinD, while we expect that mutants that exhibit higher stuttering frequencies will exhibit longer MinD filaments. Increased stuttering rate may be a useful diagnostic to find observable MinD polymerization in experimental conditions., Comment: 21 pages, 7 figures, missing unit for k_f inserted

Published
2012

36. RNA sequencing revealed novel actors of the acquisition of drug resistance in Candida albicans

Author

Jean-Yves Coppée, Gaëlle Lelandais, Odile Sismeiro, Sophie Lemoine, Frédéric Devaux, Stéphane Le Crom, Rajendra Prasad, Maria Bernard, Sanjiveeni Dhamgaye, Membrane Biology Laboratory, Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU), Institut de biologie de l'ENS Paris (UMR 8197/1024) (IBENS), Département de Biologie - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Dynamique des Structures et Interactions des Macromolécules Biologiques - Pôle de La Réunion (DSIMB Réunion), Biologie Intégrée du Globule Rouge (BIGR (UMR_S_1134 / U1134)), Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine [Paris] (INTS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine [Paris] (INTS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université des Antilles (UA), Transcriptome et Epigénome (PF2), Institut Pasteur [Paris], Génomique des Microorganismes (LGM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), The work presented in this paper has been supported in part by grants to R.P. from Indo-French Center for the Promotion of Advanced Scientific Research (IFC-3403-2/2006) and DST INT/SWISS/P-31/2009., Institut de biologie de l'ENS Paris (IBENS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), BMC, Ed., Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Département de Biologie - ENS Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), and Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine [Paris] (INTS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine [Paris] (INTS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)

Subjects
Candida albicans, beta-Glucans, lcsh:QH426-470, lcsh:Biotechnology, Repressor, RNA-Seq, Drug resistance, Multidrug resistance, Fungal Proteins, 03 medical and health sciences, Drug Resistance, Fungal, lcsh:TP248.13-248.65, [SDV.BBM.GTP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Genomics [q-bio.GN], Transcriptional regulation, Genetics, CZF1, Gene, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, biology, 030306 microbiology, Sequence Analysis, RNA, Gene Expression Profiling, biology.organism_classification, Yeast, 3. Good health, Multiple drug resistance, Gene expression profiling, lcsh:Genetics, [SDV.BBM.GTP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Genomics [q-bio.GN], RNA-seq, Biotechnology, Transcription Factors, Research Article
Abstract

Background Drug susceptible clinical isolates of Candida albicans frequently become highly tolerant to drugs during chemotherapy, with dreadful consequences to patient health. We used RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) to analyze the transcriptomes of a CDR (Candida Drug Resistance) strain and its isogenic drug sensitive counterpart. Results RNA-seq unveiled differential expression of 228 genes including a) genes previously identified as involved in CDR, b) genes not previously associated to the CDR phenotype, and c) novel transcripts whose function as a gene is uncharacterized. In particular, we show for the first time that CDR acquisition is correlated with an overexpression of the transcription factor encoding gene CZF1. CZF1 null mutants were susceptible to many drugs, independently of known multidrug resistance mechanisms. We show that CZF1 acts as a repressor of β-glucan synthesis, thus negatively regulating cell wall integrity. Finally, our RNA-seq data allowed us to identify a new transcribed region, upstream of the TAC1 gene, which encodes the major CDR transcriptional regulator. Conclusion Our results open new perspectives of the role of Czf1 and of our understanding of the transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms that lead to the acquisition of drug resistance in C. albicans, with potential for future improvements of therapeutic strategies.

Published
2012

37. Phénomène de verrouillage de phase observé dans le spectre de bruit d’intensité d’un VECSEL

Author

Amili, Abdelkrim Ei, Pal, V., Goldfarb, Fabienne, Ghosh, R., Sagnes, Isabelle, Alouini, Mehdi, Bretenaker, Fabien, Institut de Physique de Rennes (IPR), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), School of Physical Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU), Laboratoire Aimé Cotton (LAC), École normale supérieure - Cachan (ENS Cachan)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de photonique et de nanostructures (LPN), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Carré, Anthony, and Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

National audience

Published
2012

38. From balance to imbalance: a shift in the dynamic behaviour of Chhota Shigri glacier, western Himalaya, India

Author

Alagappan Ramanathan, Parmanand Sharma, Etienne Berthier, Virendra Bahadur Singh, Yves Arnaud, Anurag Linda, Mohd Farooq Azam, Jose George Pottakkal, Patrick Wagnon, Pierre Chevallier, Christian Vincent, School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU), Laboratoire de glaciologie et géophysique de l'environnement (LGGE), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'étude des transferts en hydrologie et environnement (LTHE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, CHYC, Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), School of Environmental Science, Hydrosciences Montpellier (HSM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), GLACIO LEGOS, Laboratoire d'études en Géophysique et océanographie spatiales (LEGOS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Glacier ice accumulation, 010506 paleontology, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Thinning, Ice stream, Elevation, Accumulation zone, Glacier, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, Balance (accounting), Negative mass, 13. Climate action, Climatology, Geology, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes
Abstract

Mass-balance and dynamic behaviour of Chhota Shigri glacier, western Himalaya, India, has been investigated between 2002 and 2010 and compared to data collected in 1987-89. During the period 2002-10, the glacier experienced a negative glacier-wide mass balance of -0.67 ± 0.40 m w.e. a-1. Between 2003 and 2010, elevation and ice-flow velocities slowly decreased in the ablation area, leading to a 24-37% reduction in ice fluxes, an expected response of the glacier dynamics to its recent negative mass balances. The reduced ice fluxes are still far larger than the balance fluxes calculated from the 2002-10 average surface mass balances. Therefore, further slowdown, thinning and terminus retreat of Chhota Shigri glacier are expected over the next few years. Conversely, the 2003/04 ice fluxes are in good agreement with ice fluxes calculated assuming that the glacier-wide mass balance is zero. Given the limited velocity change between 1987−89 and 2003/04 and the small terminus change between 1988 and 2010, we suggest that the glacier has experienced a period of near-zero or slightly positive mass balance in the 1990s, before shifting to a strong imbalance in the 21st century. This result challenges the generally accepted idea that glaciers in the Western Himalaya have been shrinking rapidly for the last few decades.

Published
2012

39. Observation des mécanismes de lumière lente dans le spectre des lasers classe A faible bruit développés pour les liaisons optique-hyperfréquences

Author

Amili, Abdelkrim EI, Pal, Vishwa, Miranda, B.-X., Goldfarb, Fabienne, Ghosh, Rupamanjari, Baili, Ghaya, Sagnes, Isabelle, Alouini, Mehdi, Bretenaker, Fabien, Institut de Physique de Rennes (IPR), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), School of Physical Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU), Laboratoire Aimé Cotton (LAC), École normale supérieure - Cachan (ENS Cachan)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Thales Research and Technology [Palaiseau], THALES, Laboratoire de photonique et de nanostructures (LPN), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), SFO, Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and THALES [France]

Subjects
[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

National audience

Published
2011

40. Ligand-dependent degradation of SRC-1 is pivotal for progesterone receptor transcriptional activity

Author

Amazit, Larbi, Rouseau, Audrey, Khan, Junaid Ali, Chauchereau, Anne, Tyagi, Rakesh, Loosfelt, Hugues, Leclerc, Philippe, Lombès, Marc, Guiochon-Mantel, Anne, Récepteurs stéroïdiens : physiopathologie endocrinienne et métabolique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IFR93-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU), IFR de Bicêtre, Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service d'Endocrinologie et Maladies de la reproduction, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Bicêtre, Service de génétique moléculaire, pharmacogénétique et hormonologie, and This work was supported by grants from Inserm, the Université Paris-Sud 11. LA and RKT were recipients of a fellowship from the Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale. AR is recipient of a fellowship from the Université Paris-Sud 11. JAK is on study leave from the University of Agriculture, Faisalabad and is a recipient of doctoral scholarship from Higher Education Commission, Pakistan.

Subjects
MESH: Receptors, Progesterone, MESH: Humans, MESH: Immunoprecipitation, MESH: Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex, MESH: Immunohistochemistry, antiprogestins, [SDV.MHEP.EM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Endocrinology and metabolism, MESH: Cercopithecus aethiops, MESH: Cell Line, MESH: Nuclear Receptor Coactivator 1, MESH: COS Cells, proteasome, MESH: Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, Coactivator, MESH: Blotting, Western, MESH: Transcriptional Activation, MESH: Ubiquitination, MESH: Microscopy, Confocal, MESH: Animals, transcription
Abstract

International audience; The progesterone receptor (PR), a ligand-activated transcription factor, recruits the primary coactivator steroid receptor coactivator-1 (SRC-1) gene promoters. It is known that PR transcriptional activity is paradoxically coupled to its ligand-dependent down-regulation. However, despite its importance in PR function, the regulation of SRC-1 expression level during hormonal exposure is poorly understood. Here we report that SRC-1 expression level (but not other p160 family members) is down-regulated by the agonist ligand R5020 in a PR-dependent manner. In contrast, the antagonist RU486 fails to induce down-regulation of the coactivator and impairs PR agonist-dependent degradation of SRC-1. We show that SRC-1 proteolysis is a proteasome- and ubiquitin-mediated process that, predominantly but not exclusively, occurs in the cytoplasmic compartment in which SRC-1 colocalizes with proteasome antigens as demonstrated by confocal imaging. Moreover, SRC-1 was stabilized in the presence of leptomycin B or several proteasomal inhibitors. Two degradation motifs, amino-acids 2-16 corresponding to a PEST motif and amino acids 41-136 located in the basic helix loop helix domain of the coactivator, were identified and shown to control the stability as well as the hormone-dependent down-regulation of the coactivator. SRC-1 degradation is of physiological importance because the two nondegradable mutants that still interacted with PR as demonstrated by coimmunoprecipitation failed to stimulate transcription of exogenous and endogenous target genes, suggesting that concomitant PR/SRC-1 ligand-dependent degradation is a necessary step for PR transactivation activity. Collectively our findings are consistent with the emerging role of proteasome-mediated proteolysis in the gene-regulating process and indicate that the ligand-dependent down-regulation of SRC-1 is critical for PR transcriptional activity.

Published
2011

41. Slow Light in the noise spectrum of a VECSEL

Author

El Amili, Abdelkrim, Pal, V., Miranda, B.-X., Goldfarb, Fabienne, Ghosh, R., Baili, Ghaya, Sagnes, Isabelle, Alouini, Mehdi, Bretenaker, Fabien, Institut de Physique de Rennes (IPR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), School of Physical Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU), Laboratoire Aimé Cotton (LAC), École normale supérieure - Cachan (ENS Cachan)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Thales Research and Technology [Palaiseau], THALES [France], Laboratoire de photonique et de nanostructures (LPN), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), THALES, and Carré, Anthony

Subjects
[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2011

42. Observation of noise phase locking in a single-frequency VECSEL

Author

A. El Amili, Vishwa Pal, Fabienne Goldfarb, Isabelle Sagnes, Rupamanjari Ghosh, Fabien Bretenaker, Mehdi Alouini, Laboratoire Aimé Cotton (LAC), École normale supérieure - Cachan (ENS Cachan)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique de Rennes (IPR), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), School of Physical Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU), Laboratoire de photonique et de nanostructures (LPN), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Materials science, FOS: Physical sciences, Physics::Optics, Noise spectrum, 01 natural sciences, Phase locking, law.invention, 010309 optics, Optics, law, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, Quantum Physics, business.industry, Laser, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEN-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/General Physics [physics.gen-ph], Intensity (physics), Semiconductor, Relative phase, business, Quantum Physics (quant-ph), Lasing threshold, Noise (radio), Physics - Optics, Optics (physics.optics)
Abstract

International audience; We present an experimental observation of phase locking effects in the intensity noise spectrum of a semiconductor laser. These noise correlations are created in the medium by coherent carrier-population oscillations induced by the beatnote between the lasing and non-lasing modes of the laser. This phase locking leads to a modification of the intensity noise profile at around the cavity free-spectral-range value. The noise correlations are evidenced by varying the relative phase shift between the laser mode and the non-lasing adjacent side modes. (C) 2011 Optical Society of America

Published
2011

43. Measurement of the coupling constant in a two-frequency VECSEL

Author

Loic Morvan, Rupamanjari Ghosh, Ghaya Baili, B.-X. Miranda, Daniel Dolfi, Fabienne Goldfarb, Mehdi Alouini, Vishwa Pal, P. Trofimoff, Fabien Bretenaker, Isabelle Sagnes, School of Physical Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU), Laboratoire Aimé Cotton (LAC), École normale supérieure - Cachan (ENS Cachan)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique de Rennes (IPR), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Thales Research and Technology [Palaiseau], THALES, Laboratoire de photonique et de nanostructures (LPN), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and THALES [France]

Subjects
Physics, Coupling constant, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], business.industry, Measure (physics), 02 engineering and technology, Laser, 01 natural sciences, Vertical-external-cavity surface-emitting-laser, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Semiconductor laser theory, law.invention, 010309 optics, Transverse plane, 020210 optoelectronics & photonics, Optics, law, 0103 physical sciences, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Perpendicular, business, Laser beams
Abstract

International audience; We measure the coupling constant between the two perpendicularly polarized eigenstates of a two-frequency Vertical External Cavity Surface Emitting Laser (VECSEL). This measurement is performed for different values of the transverse spatial separation between the two perpendicularly polarized modes. The consequences of these measurements on the two-frequency operation of such class-A semiconductor lasers are discussed.

Published
2010

44. Optimization of simultaneous oscillation of a two-frequency VECSEL by coupling constant measurement

Author

P. Trofimoff, Rupamanjari Ghosh, Vishwa Pal, Mehdi Alouini, Fabien Bretenaker, G. Baili, Isabelle Sagnes, School of Physical Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU), Laboratoire Aimé Cotton (LAC), École normale supérieure - Cachan (ENS Cachan)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Thales Research and Technology [Palaiseau], THALES [France], Institut de Physique de Rennes (IPR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de photonique et de nanostructures (LPN), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), THALES, Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), and Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Physics, Coupling constant, Transverse plane, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], Optics, business.industry, law, Oscillation, Perpendicular, business, Laser, Vertical-external-cavity surface-emitting-laser, law.invention
Abstract

International audience; We optimize the simultaneous oscillations at two frequencies in a class-A Vertical External Cavity Surface Emitting Laser (VECSEL). We perform this task by measuring the coupling constant between the two perpendicular polarized modes for different values of the transverse spatial separation between the two modes.

Published
2010

45. Investigation of shear banding in three-dimensional foams

Author

Guillaume Ovarlez, Sylvie Cohen-Addad, Kapil Krishan, Rhéophysique, Laboratoire Navier (navier umr 8205), Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique des Matériaux Divisés et des Interfaces (LPMDI), Université Paris-Est Marne-la-Vallée (UPEM), School of Physical Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU), Institut des Nanosciences de Paris (INSP), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)

Subjects
constitutive law, Materials science, Constitutive equation, General Physics and Astronomy, FOS: Physical sciences, Observable, Foams, Mechanics, Condensed Matter - Soft Condensed Matter, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Shear rate, Physics::Fluid Dynamics, Condensed Matter::Soft Condensed Matter, shear-banding, Shear (geology), 0103 physical sciences, Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft), 010306 general physics, Flow properties, [PHYS.COND.CM-SCM]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Soft Condensed Matter [cond-mat.soft], Wide gap, Bifurcation
Abstract

International audience; We study the steady flow properties of different three-dimensional aqueous foams in a wide gap Couette geometry. From local velocity measurements through Magnetic Resonance Imaging techniques and from viscosity bifurcation experiments, we find that these foams do not exhibit any observable signature of shear banding. This contrasts with two previous results (Rodts et al., Europhys. Lett., 69 (2005) 636 and Da Cruz et al., Phys. Rev. E, 66 (2002) 051305); we discuss possible reasons for this dicrepancy. Moreover, the foams we studied undergo steady flow for shear rates well below the critical shear rate recently predicted (Denkov et al., Phys. Rev. Lett., 103 (2009) 118302). Local measurements of the constitutive law finally show that these foams behave as simple Herschel-Bulkley yield stress fluids.

Published
2010

46. Fast relaxations in foam

Author

Kapilanjan Krishan, Ahmed Helal, Reinhard Höhler, Sylvie Cohen-Addad, Laboratoire de Physique des Matériaux Divisés et des Interfaces (LPMDI), Université Paris-Est Marne-la-Vallée (UPEM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), School of Physical Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU), Institut des Nanosciences de Paris (INSP), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)

Subjects
Physics::Fluid Dynamics, Condensed Matter::Soft Condensed Matter, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-FLU-DYN]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Fluid Dynamics [physics.flu-dyn], Mesoscopic physics, Materials science, Rigidity (electromagnetism), Chemical physics, Bubble, Dissipation, Viscoelasticity
Abstract

International audience; Aqueous foams present an anomalous macroscopic viscoelastic response at high frequency, previously shown to arise from collective relaxations in the disordered bubble packing. We demonstrate experimentally how these mesoscopic dynamics are in turn tuned by physico-chemical processes on the scale of the gas-liquid interfaces. Two specific local dissipation processes are identified, and we show how the rigidity of the interfaces selects the dominant one, depending on the choice of the surfactant.

Published
2009

47. Observation of ultra-narrow electromagnetically induced transparency and slow light using purely electronic spins in a hot atomic vapor

Author

Rupamanjari Ghosh, Fabienne Goldfarb, J. Ruggiero, H. Gilles, Fabien Bretenaker, J.-L. Le Gouët, Thierry Chanelière, M. David, Joyee Ghosh, Laboratoire Aimé Cotton (LAC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École normale supérieure - Cachan (ENS Cachan), Centre de recherche sur les Ions, les MAtériaux et la Photonique (CIMAP - UMR 6252), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), School of Physical Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU), École normale supérieure - Cachan (ENS Cachan)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche sur les Matériaux Avancés (IRMA), Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences appliquées Rouen Normandie (INSA Rouen Normandie), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherche Ions Lasers (CIRIL), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Bretenaker, Fabien

Subjects
Quantum Physics, Materials science, Spins, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-ATOM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atomic Physics [physics.atom-ph], Electromagnetically induced transparency, FOS: Physical sciences, General Physics and Astronomy, Resonance, Slow light, 01 natural sciences, Atomic vapor, 010309 optics, [PHYS.QPHY]Physics [physics]/Quantum Physics [quant-ph], 0103 physical sciences, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Atomic physics, Quantum Physics (quant-ph), 010306 general physics, [PHYS.QPHY] Physics [physics]/Quantum Physics [quant-ph], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Doppler broadening
Abstract

Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) is observed in gaseous 4He at room temperature. Ultra-narrow (less than 10 kHz) EIT windows are obtained for the first time for purely electronic spins in the presence of Doppler broadening. The positive role of collisions is emphasized through measurements of the power dependence of the EIT resonance. Measurement of slow light opens up possible ways to applications.

Published
2008

48. Bioinformatics and functional analysis of an Entamoeba histolytica mannosyltransferase necessary for parasite complement resistance and hepatical infection

Author

Rachid C. Maroun, Nancy Guillén, Marie-Christine Rigothier, Christian Weber, Sabrina Marion, Samantha Blazquez, Mickael Krzeminski, Alok Bhattacharya, Divya Vats, Christophe Ausseur, Autard, Delphine, Biologie Cellulaire du Parasitisme, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU), Bioinformatique Structurale, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Biologie et Contrôle des Organismes Parasites, Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), This work was supported by grants from the French Ministry of National Education through the PRFMMIP program and from the French Foundation for Medical Research. This work was also supported by a grant INCO-DEV in the Fifth Framework Program of the European Union. AB acknowledges support of the Department of Biotechnology and Department of Science and Technology., Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), and Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Male, Models, Molecular, Glycosylphosphatidylinositols, MESH: Sequence Analysis, Protein, MESH: Mesocricetus, Protozoan Proteins, Cell Biology/Cell Growth and Division, MESH: Cricetinae, MESH: Mannosyltransferases, Mannosyltransferases, Biochemistry/Protein Folding, 0302 clinical medicine, Sequence Analysis, Protein, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Cricetinae, MESH: Animals, MESH: Protozoan Proteins, 0303 health sciences, biology, Entamoebiasis, lcsh:Public aspects of medicine, Entamoeba histolytica, MESH: Gene Expression Regulation, MESH: Glycosylphosphatidylinositols, 3. Good health, Antisense RNA, Transmembrane domain, Infectious Diseases, Biochemistry, Liver, Biochemistry/Bioinformatics, MESH: Entamoebiasis, [SDV.MHEP.MI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins), MESH: Models, Molecular, Research Article, MESH: Computational Biology, Signal peptide, Mannosyltransferase, lcsh:Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine, lcsh:RC955-962, 030231 tropical medicine, MESH: Complement System Proteins, 03 medical and health sciences, Glycosyltransferase, Animals, Humans, 030304 developmental biology, MESH: Humans, Mesocricetus, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Lectin, Computational Biology, lcsh:RA1-1270, MESH: Entamoeba histolytica, Complement System Proteins, biology.organism_classification, MESH: Male, carbohydrates (lipids), Cell Biology/Cell Adhesion, Gene Expression Regulation, biology.protein, MESH: Liver
Abstract

The glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) moiety is one of the ways by which many cell surface proteins, such as Gal/GalNAc lectin and proteophosphoglycans (PPGs) attach to the surface of Entamoeba histolytica, the agent of human amoebiasis. It is believed that these GPI-anchored molecules are involved in parasite adhesion to cells, mucus and the extracellular matrix. We identified an E. histolytica homolog of PIG-M, which is a mannosyltransferase required for synthesis of GPI. The sequence and structural analysis led to the conclusion that EhPIG-M1 is composed of one signal peptide and 11 transmembrane domains with two large intra luminal loops, one of which contains the DXD motif, involved in the enzymatic catalysis and conserved in most glycosyltransferases. Expressing a fragment of the EhPIG-M1 encoding gene in antisense orientation generated parasite lines diminished in EhPIG-M1 levels; these lines displayed reduced GPI production, were highly sensitive to complement and were dramatically inhibited for amoebic abscess formation. The data suggest a role for GPI surface anchored molecules in the survival of E. histolytica during pathogenesis., Author Summary The causative agent of the infectious disease, amoebiasis, is the parasite Entamoeba histolytica, which targets human intestine and liver. Once in the host, this parasite attaches to human cells and matrix components via factors at its surface such as the Gal/GalNAc lectin and proteophosphoglycans (PPGs). These factors are themselves anchored to the parasite surface by a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) moiety. To synthesise the GPI, a cascade of enzymes are necessary including the mannosyltransferase 1 (PIG-M1). A homolog of the PIG-M1 enzyme was shown to be present in E. histolytica (EhPIG-M1). To study the role of EhPIG-M1 in E. histolytica, parasites were constructed that had a reduced amount of mannosyltransferase. These parasites displayed a diminished production of GPI molecules and a lower amount of PPGs at the cell surface. Interestingly, the parasites were highly sensitive to the host blood complement and the formation of liver abscesses in hamsters was dramatically impaired. These results suggest that molecules anchored to the cell surface with the GPI moiety have a pivotal role in the survival of E. histolytica during pathogenesis.

Published
2008

49. Colonisation et décolonisation en Inde

Author

Nandy, Ashis, de Pablo, Elisabeth, Stockinger, Peter, and Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU)

Subjects
Décolonisation, [SHS.SOCIO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Sociology, Colonisateur, [SHS.SOCIO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Sociology, Colonisé, Colonisation, Inde
Abstract

Ashis NANDY is a political psychologist and sociologist of science who works at the Centre for the Study of Developing Societies in New Delhi (India). He has worked on cultures of knowledge, visions, and dialogue of civilizations. He introduced his book " The Intimate Enemy: Loss and Recovery of Self Under Colonialism" written in 1983 and translated in spring 2007 in french (Fayard). This book looks at colonialism in its social, political and psychological context. The author suggests that its fundamental character is not so much economic or technological domination, but cultural subservience of the indigenous people to the arrogance of the rulers., Ashis NANDY est psychosociologue et directeur du Centre d'études des sociétés en développement à Delhi (Inde), il est appelé fréquemment à enseigner à l'Université des Nations Unies. Il nous présente ici son ouvrage " L'Ennemi Intime, perte de soi et retour à soi sous la colonisation" (Fayard) devenu un classique des études post-coloniales dès sa publication en 1983, publié en français au printemps 2007 dans lequel il analyse la colonisation et la décolonisation en Inde sous l'angle de la mentalité des colonisateurs et des colonisés.

Published
2007

50. Four years of mass balance on Chhota Shigri Glacier, Himachal Pradesh, India, a new benchmark glacier in the western Himalaya

Author

Rajesh Kumar, Christian Vincent, Patrick Wagnon, Parmanand Sharma, S. I. Hasnain, Jose George Pottakkal, Alagappan Ramanathan, Yves Arnaud, Anurag Linda, Etienne Berthier, Pierre Chevallier, Laboratoire de glaciologie et géophysique de l'environnement (LGGE), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU), CHYC, Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire d'étude des transferts en hydrologie et environnement (LTHE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG), Ministry of Information Technology [New Delhi], Laboratoire d'études en Géophysique et océanographie spatiales (LEGOS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire pour l'utilisation du rayonnement électromagnétique (LURE), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-MENRT-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Birla Institute of Scientific Research (BISR), B. M. Birla Science and Technology Center, Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), High Ice India, Society For Himalayan Glaciology, Ice, Climate and Environment, Glaciers et ressources en eau d'altitude - Indicateurs climatiques et environnementaux (GREATICE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire d'étude des transferts en hydrologie et environnement (LTHE), Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), and Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
010506 paleontology, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Climate change, 01 natural sciences, Glacier mass balance, Altitude, East Asian Monsoon, [SDU.STU.GL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Glaciology, [SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, Hydrology, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, [SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, Glacier, Westerlies, Debris, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, 13. Climate action, [SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, Physical geography, Geology, Ablation zone
Abstract

Little is known about the Himalayan glaciers, although they are of particular interest in terms of future water supply, regional climate change and sea-level rise. In 2002, a long-term monitoring programme was started on Chhota Shigri Glacier (32.2° N, 77.5° E; 15.7 km2, 6263–4050 ma.s.l., 9 km long) located in Lahaul and Spiti Valley, Himachal Pradesh, India. This glacier lies in the monsoon–arid transition zone (western Himalaya) which is alternately influenced by Asian monsoon in summer and the mid-latitude westerlies in winter. Here we present the results of a 4 year study of mass balance and surface velocity. Overall specific mass balances are mostly negative during the study period and vary from a minimum value of –1.4 m w.e. in 2002/03 and 2005/06 (equilibrium-line altitude (ELA) ∼5180 m a.s.l.) to a maximum value of +0.1 m w.e. in 2004/05 (ELA 4855 m a.s.l.). Chhota Shigri Glacier seems similar to mid-latitude glaciers, with an ablation season limited to the summer months and a mean vertical gradient of mass balance in the ablation zone (debris-free part) of 0.7mw.e.(100 m)–1, similar to those reported in the Alps. Mass balance is strongly dependent on debris cover, exposure and the shading effect of surrounding steep slopes.

Published
2007

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