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In order to study the effect of mineral and organic fertilizers and humic acid on the percentage of total and active carbonates in and outside the rhizosphere and planted with two plants (Maize and Mung bean) and for the flowering and full maturity stages. The experiment was carried out according to a randomized complete block design (R.C.B.D), where the number of experiment treatments was (4), including the comparison treatment, and with three replications for each treatment, and these treatments were randomly distributed to the experimental units, so the number of units became (12) experimental units for each plant (maize and Mung bean), meaning that the total units became (24) experimental units, the experiment's treatments included the mineral fertilizer consisting of fertilizer (Urea+DAP) at one level and according to the fertilizer recommendation for each plant and symbolized by the symbol (M) and the organic fertilization was the addition of (poultry waste) at one level (10) tons ha-1 and symbolized by the symbol (O), and liquid humic acid was added at one level and according to the fertilizer recommendation and symbolized by the symbol (H) and the results of the study were as follows: The treatment of adding humic acid in soil planted with maize in the rhizosphere and outside the rhizosphere at the flowering stage recorded the lowest percentage of total carbonate in the soil amounted to (28.67 and 30.62%), respectively, compared to the comparison treatment, which recorded the highest percentage of total carbonate amounted to (32.17 and 33.62%) respectively, as for the stage of full maturity, the treatment of adding organic fertilizer was the one that recorded the lowest percentage of total carbons, which amounted to (29.61 and 32.00%) respectively, compared to the comparison treatment, which recorded (32.62 and 35.17%) respectively. The treatment of adding humic when added to soil planted with maize achieved a significant decrease in the percentage of active carbonates in and outside layers of the rhizosphere in the flowering stage, as it recorded (4.75 and 5.37%) respectively compared to the comparison treatment, which recorded the lowest value of (7.25 and 7.87%) respectively, while in the stage of full maturity, the treatment of adding humic acid achieved a significant decrease, as it recorded (2.08 and 2.67%) respectively, compared to the comparison treatment, which recorded (6.12 and 6.50%) respectively. The treatment of adding humic acid to a soil planted with Mung bean in both in and outside layers of the rhizosphere at the flowering stage achieved a significant decrease in the percentage of total carbonate in the soil, as it was recorded (28.50 and 31.00%) respectively, compared to the comparison treatment, which recorded (30.87 and 32.87%) respectively, in the fully mature stage, the addition of mineral fertilizer (Dap+urea) outperformed, as it scored (25.33 and 28.50%) respectively, compared to the comparison treatment, which recorded (31.00 and 33.67%) respectively. The treatment of adding humic acid when it was added to the soil planted with Mung bean at the two layers of the rhizosphere and outside in the flowering stage gave the lowest percentage of active carbonates amounting to (4.17 and 5.17%) compared to the comparison treatment which recorded (6.17 and 7.00%) respectively, in the stage of full maturity, the humic addition treatment recorded the lowest percentage of active carbonates in the rhizosphere layer, reaching to 3.15% compared to the comparison treatment, which recorded 4.48%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A field experiment was carried out in order to study the effect of mineral and organic fertilizers and humic acid on the total and active carbonates minerals percentage in the rhizosphere soil and outside it at the flowering and full maturity stages of Sorghum and Sunflower crops. The experiment was carried out according to a randomized complete blocks design (RCBD) at three replications. Each experiment included four treatments: the adding of mineral fertilizer (urea+DAP) according to the fertilizer recommendation for each plant, the adding of organic fertilizer (poultry waste) at a 10 ton ha−1, the adding of liquid humic acid according to the fertilizer recommendation (5 L ha−1) as well as the control treatment (without adding the fertilizers). The Results showed that the adding of mineral fertilizer to the soil planted with Sorghum achieved a lowest percentage of total carbonate minerals (27.25%) in the rhizosphere soil at the full maturity stage and percentage of active carbonates in the soil (2.58 and 3.08%) in the rhizosphere soil and outside it respectively at the full maturity stage, while the adding of liquid humic acid gave a lowest percentage of active carbonates (5.42%) in the outside of rhizosphere soil at the flowering stage. Also, the adding of organic fertilizer to the soil planted with Sunflower gave a lowest percentage of total carbonate (28.33 and 30.58%) respectively in the rhizosphere soil and outside it at the full maturity stage, whereas the adding of humic acid gave a lowest percentage of active carbonates (6.25%) in the outside of rhizosphere soil at the flowering stage, while the adding of mineral fertilizer gave a lowest percentage of active carbonates (2.96 and 3.42%) respectively in the rhizosphere soil and outside it at the full maturity stage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to study the mineral composition and carbonate minerals for silt fraction of the sediments of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, two soils representing the sediments of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers were selected and chemical and physical analyzes were conducted on them. Soils were divided into two treatments with the presence of carbonate minerals and their absence after removing the binding materials (dissolved salts, organic matter and free oxides), then separating the silt into coarse and fine by sedimentation method. As the mineral analysis was carried out using diffracted X-rays by the powder method, the results showed the following: The percentages of the predominant minerals (Quartz, Albite, Illite, Chlorite, Kaolinite, and Pallicorskite) in the silt fractionin the sediments of the Tigris River compared to those in the Euphrates River sediments, and their proportions varied in the coarse and fine silt fractionas well. The percentage of Calcite mineral was (46.8 and 36.8%) in the fine and coarse silt separated, respectively, in the sediments of the Tigris River, while dolomite did not appear in both the fine and coarse silt separated. The percentage of Calcite mineral was (17.6 and 20.0%) in the coarse and fine silt fractionrespectively in the Euphrates sediments, while the percentage of dolomite mineral was (1.2 and 10.2%) in the coarse and fine silt fractionrespectively. In general, the percentage of Calcite mineral was less than it is In the Tigris sediments, while the mineral dolomite exceeded the Tigris sediments in the coarse and fine silt separated, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to study the morphological properties and the presence of carbonate minerals in the fine and coarse clay separated, two soils representing the sediments of the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers were chosen to represent them. The Physical and chemical analyzes were conducted on it, the clay was separated by sedimentation, which was divided into two treatments with the presence and absence of carbonate minerals. The separated clay models were examined using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) for the purpose of studying the morphology properties of clay minerals. The following results were found:there is a discrepancy in the percentage of Calcite minerals in the Tigris River, and its percentage was higher than that of in the fine clay, while this case differed in the Euphrates sediments, as the Calcite mineral excelled in the coarse clay separated, in general, Calcite mineral was higher in the sediments of the Euphrates River than in the Tigris River. Also the presence of Dolomite mineral in the fine clay separated in the Tigris sediment, while it was not present in the coarse clay fraction. This situation was reflected in the sediment of the Euphrates River, as the mineral Dolomite was present in the coarse clay separated and was not present in the fine clay separated, and the sediment of the Tigris River were the highest in the percentage of Dolomite mineral. The results of the (SEM) showed that the Carbonate minerals partially cover the mineral crystals or act as a welding material between two or more crystals in the sediments of the Tigris River, while the Carbonate minerals completely cover some mineral crystals in the sediments of the Euphrates River, and this is due to the increase in the percentage of Carbonate minerals in the sediments of the Euphrates River. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to study the mineral composition and carbonate minerals in the clay segregation of the sediments of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, two soils representing the sediments of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers were selected and the clay fraction (2> micrometers), Soils were divided into two treatments, with the presence and absence of carbonate minerals. Physical and chemical analyzes were conducted on them, as the minerals of soil samples in powder form were examined using diffracted X-rays. The results showed the following: The results of the X-ray examination in the sediments of the Tigris River showed the predominance of Chlorite and Kaolinite minerals in the coarse clay Fraction, while there was a predominance of Alite, Palygoriskite, Calcite and Dolomite in the fine clay Fraction. The proportions of Calcite minerals were (16.2 and 19.3%) and Dolomite (0 and 4%) in Coarse and fine clay fraction in succession. The results of the X-ray examination in the sediments of the Euphrates River showed the predominance of Calcite and Dolomite minerals in the coarse clay Fraction, while there was a predominance of Chlorite, Alite, Kaolinite and Palygoriskite minerals in the fine clay Fraction, and the Calcite minerals (49.9 and 26.2%) and Dolomite (2.2 and 0%) in the Fraction Coarse and fine clay respectively. From the above results when comparing the percentages of clay minerals and carbonate minerals, there is a difference between the sediments of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, and this is due to the type of origin materials, weathering conditions, river length and slope, and current intensity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]