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本文主要的目的在於探討公學校農業科到蕃人公學校實科的課程發展歷程，晚清時期的臺東地區，受到移墾漢民的影響，卑南與阿美兩族原住民，開始進行漢人的農耕方式。日治初期的「蕃人教育方案」，主張原住民教育以實科為主，在恆春、臺東兩廳的蕃人就學公學校的課程中，開始設農業科，至蕃人公學校時則更改為實科。實科的教授內容應是配合在地的產業發展，因卑南、阿美兩族群已進入農耕生活，故實科的教授內容係以農業為主。在教育政策的制定上，從人力資源的角度，教育在於培育國家經濟、產業所需要的人才，直至目前的政策思維依舊是如此。卑南與阿美兩族群的農業發展，係受外來者（漢人、日本人）的影響，但這期間仍持續不斷種植小米，可見傳統並不容易消失。 The main purpose of this article is to inquire the development process from the agriculture department of public schools for indigenous children to the vocational subject of indigenous public schools. In the Taitung area in the late Qing Dynasty period, influenced by the reclaimed Han people, both Puyuma and Amis tribes began to imitate and practice the farming skills of the Han people. In the early days of the Japanese colonial period, the “Indigenous Peoples Education Program” advocated that the education of the indigenous peoples should be based on vocational subject. In the curriculum of the public schools for the indigenous peoples in Hengchun and Taitung, agriculture department were introduced and learned to indigenous children. Agriculture department were changed to be vocational subject at Indigenous Public School. For example, in terms of the level of practical teaching content in Indigenous Public School. The teaching content of vocational subject should be in line with the development of local industries. Both Puyuma and Amis tribes had been farming life, so the teaching content of vocational subject was mainly agriculture. In the formulation of educational policies, there is a so-called manpower perspective. The purpose of education is to cultivate talents needed by the national economy and industry, and the current policy thinking is still the same. The agricultural development of both Puyuma and Amis tribes was influenced by outsiders (Han peoples and Japanese). However, during this period, millet continued to be planted, which show that the tradition is not easy to disappear.

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Japan's urban planning system began with the Urban Renewal (1885) and has been modified since then in various ways through the Tokyo City Improvement Ordinance (1888) and the City Planning Law (1919). From 1895 to 1945 (Japanese colonization era), Japan applied and tested its urban planning in Taipei (1895–1945), Seoul (1910–1945, Gyeongseong), and Beijing (1936–1945). Although Tokyo was the first city discussed for planning, urban renewal was implemented in other colonized cities in a similar period. What Tokyo, Seoul, Beijing, and Taipei have in common is that they are built around fortress walls. Hence, the present study aims to examine the characteristics of Tokyo's urban planning and reveal how Japan's urban planning transformed these cities in East Asia, which had different cultures and styles, during Japanese colonial rule. We analyzed urban renewal projects implemented in each city, the organization of a committee to plan the City Planning Ordinance, the effect of urban planning, the characteristics of urban planning, and changes in existing downtowns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to understand the welfare mix in Korea by examining its historical origins and tracing its evolution during Japanese colonial rule. After locating the origins of the welfare mix in the early Chosŏn Dynasty, this study examines the evolution of the welfare mix in Korea under Japanese colonial rule. By focusing on repressiveness and recognition, the dual aspects of Japanese colonial rule, we reveal a traditional aspect of the Korean welfare mix that remained strong and was, paradoxically, reinforced under Japanese colonial rule. Following the establishment of a colonial centralised state, Japanese attempts to impose modern dispensational welfare systems proved inadequate. The Japanese were forced to return to traditional, informal welfare providers, such as kyes , to satisfy Chosŏn's need for welfare. The paper concludes by arguing that this welfare mix can help to explain the welfare regime in modern Korea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates how the younger generation conceptualise cultural tourism attractions associated with modern history in contemporary South Korea. Particular attention in this study is given to heritage attractions built in the Japanese colonising past. By analysing data obtained through a Multiple Sorting Procedure, this study identifies the underlying facets of heritage attractions the younger generation consider to be important when appreciating the heritage attractions. This study examines the socio-psychological properties and meanings that the heritage attractions communicate with respect to young Koreans’ sense of national identity. This study found that a range of constructs emerged in understanding heritage attractions. Social and political meanings embedded in the heritage attractions become a key determinant in appreciating heritage attractions with respect to a sense of national identity. These findings from South Korea suggest invaluable messages that can inform our understanding of, and planning regenerating negative-natured heritage attractions for tourism in contemporary society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scientific and technical activities in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea began in August 1945, when the country was liberated from the yoke of Japanese imperialist colonial rule. Before Liberation the country was backward, colonial and semi-feudal. At that time there were no higher education establishments, or scientific and research institutions and few technical personnel. However, under the leadership of President Kim Il Sung since Liberation, the economy, science and technology in the country has developed rapidly. Education work amongst the people became a basis for social development, so that the Government of the Republic, even under difficult conditions of the country, put cadre training work ahead of all the work and made great strides. Thus, immediately after Liberation, Kim II Sung University was founded and following it, many research institutes and educational establishments at all levels were set up. From 1975 universal 11-year compulsory education was enforced. The Government established scientific and research institutions in various fields of national economy, taking account of the current and prospective requirements of national economy and scientific and technical development.

This study utilizes the Taiwan colonial household registration data to study the cause of uxorilocal marriage in Taiwan during the period of Japanese colonial rule and, simultaneously, to compare the prevalence of uxorilocal marriage in urban (Taipei) and rural (XinChu) communities. The socioeconomic status of the bride and groom’s family, and ethnic and urban–rural differences are the main issues in this research. In addition, the viewpoints of Wolf and Huang and Pasternak will be rechecked vis-à-vis regional differences. The results of this study will be presented by statistic analysis and geographic information system. In Taiwan, compared to major and minor marriage, uxorilocal marriage had a higher ratio in Taipei and XinChu. In uxorilocal marriage, the age of brides and grooms is older in Taipei than in XinChu. In addition, our research indicates either daughters or adopted daughters, if they had fewer siblings or no brothers, had a higher probability of entering into uxorilocal marriages. Moreover, uxorilocal marriages were found to be less prevalent in later birth cohorts while ethnic groups and parent’s marriage types had no direct effect on uxorilocal marriage. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The popular and critical success of Oldboy (Park Chan-wook, 2003) has so thoroughly eclipsed the Japanese manga on which it is based that many do not even know that it is an adaptation. This article's point of departure is an examination of the major differences between the Tsuchiya Garon manga Oorudo Boi, and Park Chan-wook's film, not in order to suggest a primacy of the origin, nor to indulge in questions of faithfulness, but rather to investigate the sociopolitical implications of the film's transformations of its material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to examine the spread of paragonimiasis and the Japanese colonial government's response to it. To consolidate colonial rule, the Japanese colonial government needed medications to cure paragonimiasis. When Dr. Ikeda Masakata invented acid emetine to cure paragonimiasis in Manchuria in 1915, emetine treatment carried the risk of emetine poisoning such as fatigue, inappetence, heart failure, and death. Nonetheless, Japanese authorities forced clinical trials on human patients in colonial Korea during the 1910s and 1920s. The emetine poisoning accident in Yeongheung and Haenam counties in 1927 occurred in this context. The Japanese government concentrated on terminating an intermediary host instead of injecting emetine to repress endemic disease in Japan. However, the Japanese colonial government pushed ahead with emetine injections for healthy men through the Preliminary Bureau of Land Research in colonial Korea in 1917. This clinical trial simultaneously presented the effects and the side effects of emetine injection. Because of the danger emetine injections posed, the colonial government investigated only the actual condition of paragonimiasis, delaying the use of emetine injection. Kobayashi Harujiro(1884-1969), a leading zoologist and researcher of endemic disease for three decades in the Government General Hospital and Keijo Imperial University in colonial Korea, had used emetine while researching paragonimiasis, but he did not play a leading role in clinical trials with emetine injections, perhaps because he mainly researched the intermediary host. Government General Hospital and Keijo Imperial University therefore faced limitations that kept them from leading the research on endemic disease. As the health administration shifted the central colonial government to local colonial government, the local colonial government pressed ahead with emetine injections for Korean patients. Emetine poisoning had something to do with medical power's localization. Nevertheless, the central colonial government still supported emetine injections with funds from the national treasury. The emetine poisoning accident that occurred simultaneously in two different regions resulted from the Japanese colonial government's support. This accident represented the Japanese colonial rule's atrocity, its suppression of hygiene policies, and its disdain for colonial inhabitants. The colonial government sought to accumulate medical knowledge not to cure endemic disease, but to expand the Japanese Empire. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article using the database of Taiwanese land property lawsuits studies the economic effects of rainfalls on land property lawsuits during the period of Japanese colonial rule (1920-1941). The results obtained from basic ordinary least squares indicate that it shows no significant influences. However, an interesting result is that, when we adopt the approach of two stage least squares and use the variables of temperature and evaporation as the instrument variables of rainfalls, we find that there are highly significant influences on the lawsuits of land property. If 1 year comes with low average rainfalls, it means that the costs of productive inputs increase, because the available natural resource will decrease, and brings the distorted using of land property.