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The aim of this research was to establish whether there are differences in the longevity and production characteristics within the studied breeds of cows of different origin. Holstein cows of Slovenian (461) and foreign (356) origin and Simmental cows of Slovenian (261) and foreign (43) origin were studied. Only culled animals that previously had between 1 and 9 lactations were included. The analyzed properties consisted of characteristics related to the longevity and lifetime productivity. Compared with Slovenian cows, imported Holstein cows had a significantly longer calving interval (1210±31 days, 1337±39 days, P=0.008), a longer dry period (172±6 days, 192±7 days, P=0.022), and a significantly lower daily milk yield (23.0±0.2 kg, 22.0±0.3 kg, P=0.002). Significant differences between Simmental cows of Slovenian and foreign origin were observed in functional productivity (1317±52 days, 1808±186 days, P=0.006), longevity (2175±53 days, 2701±145 days, P=0.004), and duration of lifetime lactation (990±38 days, 1265±137 days, P=0.037). Cilj rada bio je utvrditi postoje li razlike u dugovječnosti i proizvodnim karakteristikama između pasmina krava različitog podrijetla. Proučavane su holstein krave slovenskog (461) i stranog (356) podrijetla i simentalske krave slovenskog (261) i stranog (43) podrijetla. Samo krave koje su imale između 1 i 9 laktacija bile su uključene u istraživanje. Analizirana svojstva čine karakteristike vezane za dugovječnost i životnu proizvodnju. U usporedbi sa slovenskim kravama, uvezene holstein krave imale su značajno dulji interval između teljenja (1210±31 dana, 1337±39 dana, P=0,008), dulji suhostaj (172±6 dana, 192±7 dana, P=0,022), i značajno niži prinos mlijeka dnevno (23,0±0,2 kg, 22,0±0,3 kg, P=0,002). Statistički značajne razlike zabilježene su između krava slovenskoga i stranog podrijetla u promatranju funkcionalne produktivnosti (1317±52 dana, 1808±186 dana, P=0,006), dugovječnosti (2175±53 dana, 2701±145 dana, P=0,004) i u trajanju životne laktacije (990±38 dana, 1265±137 dana, P=0,037).

The purpose of the research was to establish the effect of concentrates A (C-A) and B (C-B) on the quantity and composition of the produced milk of dairy cows. The research included cows of Holstein Friesian and Simmental breeds and crossbreeds with Simmental breed. The test took place in two periods. The first period with the C-A lasted from December 2004 to February 2005 and included 113 cows. During the second period the C-B was fed. The test endured from April to June 2005. The results of monthly controls of milk quantity and protein and fat contents were entered into the Excel programme and processed with the statistical programme SPSS for Windows 12.0. When the concentrate B was fed, the milk quantity amounted to 21.99 L/day and was statistically significantly (P

Milk production represents the possibility of earning monthly income and assures social security to many farms in Slovenia. In Slovenia the European rules and regulations on the quality of the delivered milk have been introduced, relating to the hygienic quality of milk and the count of somatic cells. The purchase price of the milk depends also on the protein and fat content. The aim of the research was to establish, whether the quality of the delivered milk complies with the prescriptions regulated by the Slovene legislation. The quality of the delivered milk in the area of the Šentjur agricultural cooperative (ACŠ) and in the entire area of Slovenia (SLO) has been studied. The bacteriological data in the individual quality classes, the data on the total count of somatic cels and the data on the fat and protein contents have been analyzed. 36 monthly accounts have been included in statistical processing. It has been established that the delivered milk of the areas in question does not differ in the relevant quality values. Proizvodnja mlijeka predstavlja mogućnost stjecanja mjesečnog dohotka i time osigurava socijalnu sigurnost mnogim seoskim gospodarstvima. U Sloveniji su na snazi europski propisi o kakvoći otkupljenog mlijeka i odnose se na higijensku kakvoću mlijeka te broj somatskih stanica. Otkupna cijena mlijeka ovisi i o postotku proteina i masnoće. Cilj rada bio je ustanoviti odgovara li kakvoća otkupljenog mlijeka aktualnim propisima u Sloveniji (SLO). Istraživana je kvaliteta otkupljenog mlijeka na području Kmetijske zadruge Šentjur (KZŠ) i cjelokupnom području Slovenije (SLO). Analizirani su bakteriološki podaci u pojedinim razredima kakvoće, podaci o ukupnom broju somatskih stanica te podaci o udjelu masti i proteina. U statističku obradu podataka uključeno je 36 mjesečnih obračuna. Utvrđeno je, da se otkupljeno mlijeko istraživanih područja ne razlikuje u bitnim elementima kakvoće.

The attention of this paper is drawn to analyze the economic potential of involvement of farmers into the small-medium sized value-based food chain (VBFC). The survey represents a solid data basis from which econometric modelling approach was further developed. Empirical results reveal the positive economic viability on a general level this means more stable purchase price of raw milk for dairy farms, which are the part of value-based food chain. Results point at inelastic demand for milk and milk related products. Furthermore, there are some accompanying and underlying indirect social benefits, such as production of high-quality food products, more stable and constant demand for raw milk, steady payments and better social situation. The last one is especially important for the farms operating in less-favored mountain areas where the survey was actually conducted. Cilj rada je analizirati ekonomske koristi uključenosti poljoprivrednika u male i srednje velike prehrambene lance temeljene na vrijednosti proizvoda. Istraživanjem su prikupljeni podatci pomoću kojih je razvijen ekonometrijski model. Empirijski rezultati pokazuju pozitivne ekonomske koristi. Na općoj razini, to znači stabilniju otkupnu cijenu sirovog mlijeka za mliječne farme koje su dio prehrambenog lanca temeljenog na vrijednosti. Rezultati pokazuju neelastičnu potražnju za mlijekom i proučavanim mliječnim proizvodima. Nadalje, tu se pokazuju i neke društvene koristi, kao što je proizvodnja visokokvalitetnih prehrambenih proizvoda, stabilnija i postojana potražnja za sirovim mlijekom, što u konačnici poljoprivrednicima donosi stabilan prihod i bolju socijalnu situaciju. Posljednje je posebno važno za poljoprivredna gospodarstva u područjima s težim uvjetima gospodarenja gdje je istraživanje i provedeno.

A total of 1 070 Simmental and Black-White first calving cows and the same number of mother cows were investigated. The first calving cows originally arrived from Slovenia, the Netherlands, Germany and Denmark. No statistically significant differences were established in the milk production and quality of milk between the first calving cows from abroad compared to the first calving Slovenian cows. Statistically significant higher milk production (8 004 ± 981 kg P ≤0.001) had mother cows of the imported Black-White compared to the Slovene (6 514 ± 1 142 kg) ones. There were no statistically significant differences, in the milk production and quality of milk, between the imported mothers of first calving cows of Simmental breed comparing with Slovenian mothers of first calving cows of the same breed. The milk production between the mothers and their Simmental daughters had a statistically significant correlation (rp = 0.125 P ≤ 0.01). The higher correlation coefficient for this characteristic was established between the Black-White mothers and their daughters (rp = 0.302 P ≤ 0.001). Among the milk production of first calving cows and protein content in milk a statistically negative significant correlation (rp = -0.198 P ≤ 0.001) was established. This result confirmed that the purchase of more expensive animals with better genetic potential is economically unjustified for the breeder who does not reach intensive technology of basic quality voluminous fodder. Cilj istraživanja bio je utvrditi, da li su krave u prvoj laktaciji stranog podrijetla usporedive s kravama prve laktacije iz slovenskog uzgoja. Analizirano je 1 070 krava simentalske i holstein pasmine u prvoj laktaciji i jednaki broj njihovih majki. Po podrijetlu krave su bile iz Slovenije, Nizozemske, Njemačke i Danske. Nismo utvrdili statistički signifikantne razlike u proizvodnji i sastavu mlijeka između stranih i domaćih krava u prvoj laktaciji. Statističko signifikantno (P ≤ 0,001) višu mliječnost imale su majke holstein pasmine iz uvoza (8 004 ± 981 kg P ≤ 0,001) u usporedbi sa slovenskim (6 514 ± 1 142 kg). Kod simentalske pasmine stranih i slovenskih majki nije bilo statistički signifikantnih razlika u proizvodnji i sastavu mlijeka. Utvrđena je signifikantna korelacija (rp = 0,302 P ≤ 0,001) između mliječnosti majki i njezinih kćeri kod simentalske pasmine. Viši korelacijski koeficient za to svojstvo utvrđen je između majki i kćeri holstein pasmine (rp = 0,302 P ≤ 0,001). Utvrđena je negativna statistički signifikantna korelacija (rp = -0,198 P ≤ 0,001) između proizvodnje mlijeka krava u prvoj laktaciji i sadržaja bjelančevina. Ovi rezultati pokazuju, da je nabava skupih životinja s boljim genetskim proizvodnim potencijalom ekonomski neopravdana za proizvođače, koji ne mogu savladati tehnologiju intenzivne proizvodnje voluminozne krme visoke kakvoće.

The aim of the study was technological and economical analysis of free range cow breeding. The case study analyzed two different systems of holstein-fresian dairy cows breeding. The model total costs enterprise budget was developed for evaluation of economic feasibility of loose housing dairy cows in comparison with tied cow breeding system. Computer supported calculation enabled estimation of the most important economical parameters (net return, observed input parameters) loose housing system is economically feasible, if there is a minimum of 41 dairy cows with an average milk production of 8610 kg per cow. It was also established that cows need approximately 6 months to fully adapt to the loose hausing system. Cilj rada bila je usporedba između vezanog i slobodnog držanja krava. Koristeći “case study” pristup analizirane su tehnološko ekonomske značajke oba sustava držanja krava. Za oba sustava razvijena je modelna kalkulacija troškova proizvodnje koja omogoćava analizu nekih indikatora ekonomske efikasnosti proizvodnje (financijski rezultat, cijena koštanja, koeficijent ekonomičnosti). Rezultati pokazuju, da je sistem slobodnog držanja ekonomski opravdan za minimalno 41 muznu kravu u stadu s prosječnom proizvodnjom mlijeka 8 610 kg po grlu. Također smo ustanovili, potrebno je barem 6 mjeseci za potpunu prilagodbu životinja na slobodni sustav držanja.

Through the research, four different materials have been tested: two types of sawdust (one in bulk and second is packaged), straw in bulk and slice-dusted straw. During the survey the measuring and collecting the everyday observations to get the data about capacity of eliminated materials and time to clean the stalls were carried out. Results show different characteristics between the bedding materials. After the statistical analysis, the main conclusion of the paper going in the way to statistical significant correlation between characteristics of bedding material and weight of horses. Our predictions get in the way that findings in this paper can make a good contribution to economic analysis of using bedding material for (sport) horses.

Ova empirijska analiza prikazuje osnovne trendove potražnje za govedinom, svinjetinom i mesom preradi u razdoblju od 2007. do 2012. godine, s posebnim osvrtom na 2007., 2010. i 2012. godinu. Istraživanje se temelji na primjeni Engelova zakona koji objašnjava ovisnost potražnje za hranom s obzirom na raspoloživi dohodak, dok ostale čimbenike pretpostavlja konstantnim – „ceteris paribus“. Rezultati ekonometrijskog modeliranja prikazuju procjene dohodovne elastičnosti potražnje za mesom. Njihove se vrijednosti kreću između 0, 1 i 0, 5, što pokazuje da je potražnja za mesom u Sloveniji dohodovno neelastična. Ipak, govedina, svinjetina i meso peradi pokazuju uobičajena obilježja tržišne robe tijekom cijelog analiziranog razdoblja.

Feeding on concentrates in the milking parlour was analysed in order to establish if too short time for the consumption of concentrate caused increased heart rate (HR), one of the stress indicators. 27 highly productive dairy cows were given from 1 to 5 kg of concentrate in the milking parlour. The average quantity of consumed concentrate at a single milking amounted to 2.14 kg, and the average speed of consumption was 249.7 g min-1. Average HR was 82,38 min-1. At the evening milking cows had higher HR (83.4 min-1), compared to the morning one (81.2 min-1). In the second month after calving HR of cows was higher (85.10 min-1) compared to the first (81.04 min-1) and the third month (80.79 min-1) after calving. It has been established that the increase of HR did not occur up to the 3 kg of consumed concentrate per milking. However, higher quantity of consumed concentrate (over 3 kg) resulted in increased HR. If the cows received larger quantities of concentrate, HR increased towards the end of milking process. It can be concluded that large quantities of concentrate, which could not be eaten in a short period of available time at milking, caused stress in highly productive dairy cows. Analizirali smo krmljenje 27 krav molznic s suho mleto krmno mešanico v molzišču in poskušali ugotoviti ali prekratek čas za zaužitje povzroči stres, ki se odraža tudi s povečanim srčnim utripom (SU). Poprečna količina zaužite krmne mešanice pri eni molži je znašala 2,14 kg, krave pa so dobivale od 1 do 5 kg. Hitrost zaužitja suhe krmne mešanice je bila 249,7 g min-1. Pri večerni molži so imele krave večji SU (83,4 min-1) kot pri jutranji (81,2 min-1). Drugi mesec po telitvi je bil SU (85,10 min-1) večji kot prvi (81,04 min-1) in tretji mesec po telitvi (80,79 min-1). Ugotovljeno je bilo, da do količine 3 kg krmne mešanice na molžo ni prihajalo do povečanega SU. Z naraščajočo količino krmne mešanice nad 3 kg je naraščal tudi SU. Pri kravah, ki so dobile največ krmne mešanice, se je SU najbolj pospešil proti koncu molže. Velika količina suhe krmne mešanice, ki je visoko proizvodne krave molznice v molzišču ne morejo požreti v kratkem času molže povzroči pri njih stres.

V raziskavi smo proučevali dolžino poporodnega premora in dobe med telitvama na območju Koroške regije. Podatke smo pridobili s Kmetijskega inštituta Slovenije za šest koroških občin, kjer smo izbrali deset največjih proizvajalcev mleka z raznoliko pasemsko sestavo. Podatke smo obdelali za obdobje desetih let (1998–2008). V obdelavo je bilo vključenih 8.264 krav s povprečno 2,86 zaporednih telitev. Največ je črno-bele pasme (5.972), sledita ji lisasta (727) in rjava (859) pasma. V statistični model smo vključili vpliv občine, pasme ter interakcijo med občino in pasmo. Ugotovili smo, da sta poporodni premor (od 96 do 135 dni) in doba med dvema telitvama (od 380 do 416 dni) v nekaterih koroških občinah nekoliko daljša od priporočil v literaturi. Krave imajo v povprečju 6.373 kg mleka v standardni laktaciji glede na občino in 6.096 kg mleka glede na pasmo. Največ mleka v standardni laktaciji imajo krave črno-bele pasme (6.935 kg). Povprečni poporodni premor vseh pasem (120 dni) v obravnavanih koroških občinah (121 dni) je za deset dni krajši od slovenskega povprečja. Glede na občine (404 dni) in pasme (406 dni) je tudi doba med dvema telitvama na Koroškem krajša od slovenskega povprečja (415 dni). Da bi obdržali poporodni premor in dobo med telitvama na Koroškem vsaj v takšnem stanju, ali ju celo skrajšali, bodo rejci morali v večji meri skrbeti za prehrano, odkrivanje pojatev in pravočasno osemenjevanje krav. In the study we investigated the length of the postpartum period and days to calving in the region of Carinthia. Data were obtained from the Agricultural Institute of Slovenia for six Carinthian municipalities, where we selected the largest ten milk producers with a diverse breed composition. Data were analyzed for a period of ten years (1998–2008). There were 8264 cows included in the analysis with 2.86 parities on average. The majority is represented by Black and White breed (5972 cows), followed by Simmental (727 cows) and Brown breed (859 cows). The statistical model included the effect of the municipality, breed, and the interaction between the municipality and breed. We found out that the length of postpartum period (96 to 135 days) and days to calving (380 to 416 days) in some Carinthian municipalities are slightly longer in comparison to the recommended ones in the literature. On average, cows have 6373 kg of milk per standard lactation according to the municipality and 6096 kg of milk according to the breed. Black and White cows have the highest milk yield in standard lactation(6935 kg). The average length of the postpartum period of all breeds (120 days) in the studied Carinthian municipalities (121 days) is ten days shorter in comparison to the Slovenian average. With regard to the municipalities (404 days) and breeds (406 days), the period to calving in Carinthia region is also shorter than the Slovenian average (415 days). To keep the length of the postpartum period and days to calving in Carinthia region at least in this condition or even shorten them, farmers will need to put great emphasis on nutrition, oestrus detection, and timely insemination of cows.

Analizirali smo rezultate kontrole prireje mleka na družinski kmetiji s statusom reje bikovskih mater v obdobju 16 let, in sicer od leta 1994 do 2010. Vključene so bile tri generacije krav molznic lisaste pasme s standardno laktacijo. V prvi generaciji so bile odbrane bikovske matere in potencialne bikovske matere, v drugi generaciji potomke krav iz prve generacije in v tretji generaciji potomke krav iz druge generacije. Ugotavljali smo, ali lahko na osnovi rejskega cilja in selekcijskega napredka pričakujemo, da bodo potomke bikovskih mater imele enake oziroma boljše proizvodne parametre. Povprečna količina prirejenega mleka v standardni laktaciji je pri prvi generaciji znašala 6458 ± 671 kg. Povprečje maščob v mleku je pri prvi generaciji znašalo 4,01 ± 0,45 %, pri beljakovinah pa je bilo 3,49 ± 0,46 %. V enakem obdobju je v Sloveniji pri lisasti pasmi znašalo povprečje proizvedenega mleka 4586 kg mleka, kar nam pove, da smo imeli pri vseh treh generacijah večjo količino mleka, in sicer 5905 kg. Slovensko povprečje maščob v mleku je v enakem obdobju znašalo 4,12 %. Glede na rezultate smo tako prišli do zaključka, da je povprečje maščob pri generacijah enako slovenskemu povprečju. Ravno nasprotno pa se je pokazalo pri beljakovinah, ki so presegle slovensko povprečje. Beljakovine so pri generacijah v povprečju znašale 3,47 %, medtem ko je slovensko povprečje beljakovin pri lisasti pasmi znašalo 3,32 %. Povprečna količina mleka je bila pri vseh treh generacijah višja za 22,33 % od slovenskega povprečja lisaste pasme v obdobju od 1994 do 2010. Skupno povprečje maščob v mleku je bilo enako kot pri slovenskem povprečju za lisasto pasmo. V odstotkih beljakovin, je razlika povprečja vseh treh generacij v standardni laktaciji s slovensko lisasto pasmo presegala za 4,3 %. Po obravnavi vseh podatkov smo tako ugotovili, statistično značilno razliko (p

Namen diplomskega dela je bil primerjati različna odkupna območja mleka po kvalitativnih lastnostih. Tako smo med seboj primerjali mleko odkupljeno na območju Kmetijske zadruge Šentjur, odkupnem območju Mlekarne Celeia in odkupljeno mleko celotnega območja Slovenije. Prireja mleka je v veliki meri odvisna tudi od prehrane krav, zato nas je zanimalo, kako imajo boljše družinske kmetije na območju Kmetijske zadruge Šentjur izravnane krmne obroke za krave molznice. Zbrali smo 36 mesečnih obračunov. Proučevali smo odkupljene količine mleka, vsebnost mikroorganizmov, skupno število somatskih celic ter vsebnost maščob in beljakovin za obdobje 2006 - 2008. Na obravnavanih kmetijah smo ugotovili dejansko sestavo krmnih obrokov. Krmne obroke smo ovrednotili na podlagi tabelarnih vrednosti. Živalim je bil skozi vso leto na voljo zimski krmni obrok na osnovi koruzne in travne silaže, sena ter dodatka koncentrirane krme. Molznice so bile ustrezno oskrbljene z energijo medtem, ko je bil pri beljakovinah ugotovljen primanjkljaj (6 % prebavljivih surovih beljakovin). Odkupljeno mleko iz obravnavanih območij se ni razlikovalo po bistvenih mikrobioloških kakovostnih postavkah. The purpose of the thesis was to compare different areas of milk collection considering qualitative characteristics. Milk collected within the agricultural cooperative Šentjur, the diary Mlekarna Celeia and milk collected in whole Slovenia was compared. Milk production depends on cow nutrition in majority therefore the main interest was to investigate how well situated family farms feed diary cows in the area of agricultural cooperative Šentjur. Thirty-six monthly settlements were collected. The amount of collected milk, the content of microorganisms, the number of somatic cells, fat and protein content were examined for the period 2006 to 2008. On farms involved in the research, the typical feed content was determined. Feed was assessed on the basis of tabular data. Animals got winter-feed based on maize and grass silage, hay and the additive of concentrated feed during the whole year. Diary cows were suitable supplied with energy, however, there was a lack of protein established (6 % of digestible raw proteins). Considering the main microbiological quality items, milk collected from the areas in question was not different.

V letu 2018 smo na farmi Žipo Lenart testirali vpliv dolžine slame na priraste bikov pitancev. V poskusu je bilo vključenih 32 bikov, ki so bili porazdeljeni v štiri bokse tako, da je v vsakem boksu bilo osem bikov. V vseh boksih so biki v osnovi prejemali enak krmni obrok s slamo različne dolžine (2 cm, 3 cm, 5 cm in nerezana slama). Poskus smo izvajali 3 mesece in v tem obdobju izvedli mesečo tehtanje ter merjenje višine vihra in križa. Med skupinami bikov v nobenem obdobju nismo zabeležili statistično značilnih razlik (P ≥ 0,05) ne v masi, višini vihra, višini križa ter ne v dnevnih prirastih. Zraven tega smo spremljali še obnašanje živali, kjer smo beležili katero aktivnost izvaja določena žival v opazovanem času. Bike smo opazovali po v naprej pripravljeni preglednici tri krat na dan po pet minut na žival. Med posameznimi oblikami obnašanja ni prišlo do statistično značilnih razlik (P ≥ 0,05) med skupinami. Statistično značilne razlike (P < 0,05) med skupinami smo opazili pri številu prežvekov na minuto in potrebnem času za en bolus, medtem ko pri številu prežvekov na bolus ne. Presejalni test smo opravili za kontrolo sestave krmnega obroka ter za pomoč pri ugotavljanju, če živali prebirajo krmo. Po opravljenem presejalnem testu ostanka krmnega obroka smo pri skupini krmljeni s 5 cm slamo in kontrolni skupini v vrhnjem in spodnjem situ opazili odstopanja od priporočil in sicer na račun prebiranja krme. In 2018 we tested the influence of cereal straw length on the growth of beef bulls at the Žipo Lenart farm. In the experiment, we tested 32 bulls, which were divided into four cattle pens so that there were eight bulls in each pen. In all pens, bulls basically received the same feed meal with the straw of different lengths (2 cm, 3 cm, 5 cm, and untreated straw). The experiment was carried out for 3 months and during this period, we once a month carried out weighing of the bulls and measuring of the height of withers and the back. No statistically significant differences (P ≥ 0,05) were recorded in bulls during any period, not in weight, not in the height of the withers, height of the back and not in the daily gain. Additionally, we also monitored the behavior of animals, where we recorded which activity is carried out by a particular animal in the observed time. Bulls were observed according to a pre-prepared table three times a day for five minutes per animal. There were no statistically significant differences between individual forms of behavior (P ≥ 0,05) between groups. Statistically significant differences (P < 0,05) between the groups were observed at the number of chews of the cud per minute and the required time for one bolus, while the number of chews of the cud per bolus did not increase. The screening test was carried out to control the composition of the feed and to help determine if the animals are sifting through the feed. Following a screening test of the remainder of the feed, we observed deviations from the recommendations in the groups, fed with 5 cm long straw and in the control group. Those deviations were spotted in the top and the bottom sieve, because of the bulls’ sifting through the feed.

Cilj raziskave je bil proučiti dejavnike, ki v največji meri vplivajo na izpitne rezultate službenih psov slovenske policije. S poznavanjem teh se bo učvrstila čustvena vez med vodnikom in psom, prav tako bo povečana uspešnost šolanja. Raziskava je bila opravljena na Oddelku za šolanje službenih psov v Gmajnicah pri Ljubljani. V raziskavo je bilo vključenih pet službenih psov in njihovih vodnikov. Za analizo dobljenih podatkov smo uporabili deskriptivno statistiko. Trije od petih psov so v izpitnih preizkusih dosegli največje povprečne vrednosti, med 95 in 100 točk. Psihično stanje vodnika ter neugodne vremenske razmere sta vplivali na slabše rezultate preostalih dveh psov. Ugotovili smo, da so na uspešnost šolanja imeli največji vpliv izkušenost in izobraženost vodnikov ter njihovo psihično stanje. There are many factors which influence the succes of working police dogs at their examination trials. The aim of the study was to study important factors which influence the final results of slovenian working police dogs in completing their training and passing the certification. An increased knowledge of these factors could not only improve the emotional bond between a handler and their canine, but will also reflect on the increased training and certification passing sucess. The survey was conducted at the Service dogs training section in Gmajnice near Ljubljana. Five dogs and their handlers were included in this study. Data analysis was conducted with the descriptive statistics method. Three out of five dogs have assembled the highest average rates, between 95 and 100 points. Mental state and bad weather conditions had an impact on the low results of the other two participants. We have established that education, experience and the mental condition of the police dog handlers were rated as the most important factors in canine training sucess.

V poskusu, ki smo ga izvajali dve rastni sezoni, smo preučili vpliv alkalnega zeolita, imenovanega Silofil, na pH vrednost tal. Omenjeni zeolit je bil apliciran na dveh lokacijah na katerih smo vzorčili iz dveh globin, in sicer od 0 do 5 cm ter od 0 do 30 cm. Izmerili smo potencialno in aktivno kislost tal. Dodatek zeolita in globina vzorčenja nista značilno vplivali na pH vrednosti tal. Na reakcijo tal so imele največji vpliv naravne danosti, kot sta lokacija njiv in organska snov. In the experiment, which lasted for two seasons has been researched the impact of zeolite application known as Silofil on the pH value of soil. The zeolite was applied on two different locations at which samples in two depths were collected, that is from 0 to 5 cm and from 0 to 30 cm. We analysed active and potential acidy. The impact of alkaline zeolite and the measuring depth have not shown any differences. The natural features such as location of the fields and organic matter, have shown the biggest influence on the pH value of soil.

Namen diplomskega dela je ekonomska in tehnološka primerjava 4 različnih vrst nastilja: žagovine, slame, lesnih ostružkov, rezane slame. Raziskava zajema 2 ločena poskusa. Prvi poskus temelji na vsakodnevnem čiščenju boksa, kot je tudi najpogosteje v praksi. Drugi poskus pa temelji na vzdržljivosti nastilja. Vsak od navedenih poskusov je po modelnih kalkulacijah ovrednoten glede na stroške nastilja in stroške dela. Predstavljeni so skupni dnevni, mesečni in letni stroški kot tudi razmerje stroškov (nastilj : delo). Potrebne podatke o velikosti boksov ter višini, obsegu in dolžini konj smo pridobili z merjenjem. Prav tako smo z merjenjem pridobili podatke porabe nastilja in časa. Ugotovili smo, da vsi 4 različni materiali nastilja konjem zagotavljajo udobje, vendar ne pri enaki količini in niso vse vrste nastilja primerne za vse konje. Upoštevati moramo zdravstveno stanje konja, različne anomalije in navade konj. The aim of this work is economic and technological comparation of 4 different bedding materials: sawdust in bulk, wood shavings, squared harvest straw and slice-dusted straw. The survey covers 2 separate experiments. The first attempt is based on day-to-day slean up, it is the most often in practice. In second trial is tested the durability od the bedding maerials. Each of these experiments is evaluated according to model calculations based on material costs and labor costs. The total daily, monthly and annual costs as well as the cost ration (material:work) is presented. We obtained the necessary data of boxes size and the height, extent and lenght of horses by measuring. We also measured the time we needed to prepare boxes (cleaning, preparing bedding material). We found that all 4 bedding materials provide comfort, but not fort he same amount and not all kinds of bedding materials are suitable for all horses. We must take into account the health status of horses, the various anomalies and habits of horses.

Cilji diplomske naloge so bili optimizirati krmni obrok za krave molznice, izboljšati tehnologijo reje krav molznic, analizirati ekonomičnost prireje mleka in analizirati dejavnike, ki imajo morebiten izrazit pozitiven/negativen vpliv na ekonomske parametre na primeru kmetije. The examination of the technology and economic viability of milk production: the case of the farm from the Haloze area. The aim of the diploma thesis was to optimize feed formula for dairy cows, to improve dairy farming technology and to analyze the economy of milk production and to analyze factors that have a potentially positive / negative impact on economic parameters in the case of the farm.

V raziskavi smo ugotavljali intenzivnost in trajanje izločanja stresnega hormona kortizola v slini konj, ob tem pa smo spremljali srčni utrip. Obe metodi veljata za neinvazivni. Delo s konji je potekalo od meseca februarja do konca maja 2018 na kmetiji Kolarič v Obrežu. V poskus smo vključili dva mlada in neujahana konja iz istega hleva – 3 leta staro žrebico slovenske hladnokrvne pasme ter 3 leta starega kastrata slovenske toplokrvne pasme. Sam poskus smo razdelili na predpreizkus in tri faze. V predpreizkusu je potekala habituacija, tako sta se konja navadila na merilno napravo ter sam postopek poskusa. V prvi fazi smo opravili le z lonžiranjem s hlevsko uzdo, v drugi fazi smo uvedli jahalno uzdo z navadno mehko brzdo, v tretji fazi pa še podsedelnico ter sedlo. Lonžiranje, ki je skupno trajalo 30 minut, smo izvajali na prostem, v ograjenem prostoru s travnato površino. Vzorci sline so v času posamezne vaje bili odvzeti 5-krat. Višje vrednosti srčnega utripa so se pojavljale pri hladnokrvnem konju ter so znašale 64,76 min-1, pri toplokrvnem konju 62,46 min-1. Večje razlike smo opazili pri izmerjenih vrednostih izločenega kortizola. Pri toplokrvnem konju so med izvajanjem vaje v prvi fazi znašale 0,105 µg/dl, v drugi 0,111 µg/dl, ter v tretji fazi 0,142 µg/dl. Pri hladnokrvnem pa so bile vrednosti med izvajanjem vaje v prvi fazi 0,076 µg/dl, v drugi 0,114 µg/dl ter v tretji fazi 0,122 µg/dl. The secretion intensity and the duration of the stress hormone cortisol in horse saliva, as well as their heart rate were measured. Both methods are considered non-invasive. The research lasted from February to the end of May 2018, on the Kolarič farm in Obrež. For the experiment we chose two young and untrained horses from the same barn, a 3 years old filly who is a Slovenian cold-blooded breed and a 3 years old castrated Slovenian warm-blooded breed. We divided the experiment into a pre-test and three phases. In the pre-test the horses were exposed to the procedure so that they could get used to the measuring equipment and then the procedure of the test. In the first phase we only did longeing with the barn rein. In the second phase we introduced a riding bridle with an ordinary soft bit and in the final third phase, a saddle pad and the saddle longeing which lasted 30 minutes. The research had taken place outdoors, in a fenced grassy area. Saliva samples from the horses were taken 5 times. A higher heart rate was recorded with the cold-blooded horse, but when the results we calculated, it showed a smaller difference. For the cold-blooded horse, the heart rate was 65 beats per min., and the warm blooded had a heart rate of 62 beats per minute. Bigger differences were recorded in the cortisol secretion. During the exercise, the warm-blooded horse had 0,105 µg/dl in the first phase, 0,111 µg/dl in the second, and 0,142 µg/dl in the third phase. The cold-blooded horse had 0,076 µg/dl in the first phase, 0,114 µg/dl in the second, and 0,122 µg/dl in the third phase.

Cilj diplomske naloge je bil, da predstavimo projekt novogradnje kompostnega hleva za rejo krav molznic, kot nov tip objekta, ki se pri nas šele uveljavlja. Na obravnavani kmetiji so se odločili za nov kompostni hlev, ker želijo povečati število živali, olajšati fizično delo ljudi in izboljšati način reje. S tem bodo prešli iz reje privezanih krav molznic na rejo neprivezanih krav. Trenutno imajo v hlevu 26 krav, v novem hlevu pa bo prostor za maksimalno 62 živali, od tega za 50 krav molznic in za 12 plemenskih telic. Za tip ležalnega prostora s kompostom so se odločili, ker želijo živalim nuditi maksimalno udobje in s tem vplivati na njihovo proizvodnost. Ob slednjem povečanju črede, bodo postopoma povečevali tudi obdelovalne njivske površine z dokupom oziroma zakupom. The aim of the diploma thesis was to present a project for the new construction of a cattle compost barn. This type of object has already been recognized in Slovenia. The farm decided to build a new compost barn in order to increase the number of animals, to reduce the physical work of people and to improve the way of framing. Therfore, they are changing the breeding of tie – stall dairy cows to free – stall dairy cows. At the moment there are 26 cows in the stable, while in the new one there will be place for maximum 62 animals, of which 50 for dairy cows and 12 for breeding heifers. They decided to build the compost bedded – pack barn to offer maximum comfort to the animals, thereby affecting their productivity. By increasing the herd, they also going to purchase or lease additional fields.

V diplomski nalogi smo primerjali hranilne snovi v komercialni hrani za pse, v primerjavi z doma pripravljenimi obroki za pse. Primerjali smo suho, mokro, surovo zamrznjeno in liofilizirano hrano. Pri vsaki hrani smo naključno izbrali 3 primere hrane iz različnih cenovnih razredov (visok, srednji, nizek) in primerjali hranilne vrednosti. Vključili smo vrednosti, ki so bile na voljo, saj pri večini hran na voljo ni vseh podatkov. Ugotavljali smo tudi, pri kakšni temperaturi je določena hrana obdelana, kar posledično vpliva na obstoj sestavin. Po statistični obdelavi smo po vrednostih, ki smo jih imeli na voljo za vse tipe hran, torej glede na proteine, maščobe, pepel ter vlaknine ugotovili, da med komercialno hrano in doma pripravljeno hrano za pse ni statističnih razlik. In the thesis, we compared the nutritional value of mass-produced vs. home-made dog food by analysing dry, wet, frozen and freeze-dried food. With each type of food, we randomly chose 3 different examples at varying price points (high, normal, low) and compared their nutritional value. Since many foods only listed some nutritional data, we included what was provided. We have also noted the temperature at which a given food is processed. After statistical analysis, we determined that based on their nutritional value, there is no statistical difference between mass produced and home-prepared dog food.

Namen diplomskega dela je bila izdelava načrta in opis idejne zasnove za preureditev hleva iz reje privezanih na rejo neprivezanih krav s polnimi tlemi in ležalnimi boksi v hlevu. V hlevu vzrejajo 27 krav molznic, ki so privezane, s preureditvijo pa bi lahko stalež živali povečali na 48 krav, ki bi se prosto gibale po hlevu in ležale v ležalnih boksih. S tem načinom reje bi izboljšali počutje živali. Za pripravo idejne zasnove in izdelavo načrta bomo uporabili program ArchiCAD (2016) s katerim bomo naredili tloris obstoječega hleva in tloris hleva neprivezanih krav. The purpose of diploma work was to make a plan and a description of basic scheme for rearranging of tied breeding barn to free-range breeding with solid ground and lying boxes in a barn. There are 27 tied milker cows bred in a barn and rearranging would enable to expand a herd to 48 cows. In a rearranged barn they could move freely and lie in lying boxes. With this type of breeding it would be improved well-being of animals, the amount of milk would be increased and a condition of animals would be improved. ArchiCAD (2016) will be used for making the basic scheme and the plan. With the program they will make a ground plan of the existing barn and a ground plan of a new free-range breeding barn.

Čeprav je sistem molže z robotom podoben običajnim sistemom molže, obstajajo med njimi velike razlike. Zato smo se na praktičnem primeru odločili raziskati vpliv spremembe načina reje in molže na prirejo mleka. Na kmetiji Vrzel so novembra 2013 pričeli uporabljati molzni robot. Pridobili smo podatke s Centralno podatkovne zbirke za tri obdobja (vmesno obdobje, obdobje pred in obdobje po uvedbi molznega robota). Opazovano obdobje je zajemalo podatke o povprečni mlečnosti, vsebnosti maščob, beljakovin, laktoze in skupnemu številu somatskih celic v mleku na dan kontrole. Podatke smo obdelali s statističnim programom SAS. Za primerjavo parametrov je bila narejena analiza variance ANOVA. Za primerjavo skupnega števila somatskih celic v mleku je bila narejena analiza na logaritmiranih vrednostih. Pri količini namolzenega mleka ni bilo opaženih signifikantnih razlik. Analiza zajetih podatkov pa je pokazala signifikantne razlike pri parametrih. Vsebnosti maščobe, beljakovin in laktoze so bile signifikantno višje. Število somatskih celic je bilo po uvedbi molznega robota signifikantno nižje. Uvedba robota je rejca zelo razbremenila. Na kmetiji je sedaj manj težkega fizičnega dela v hlevu, saj ni več ročnega krmljenja in ročne molže, ki sta vzeli največ časa pri opravilih v hlevu. Altough the milking system with a robot is similar to a normal milking system, there are big differences between them. It was therefore decided to present a practical case and the impact of the change in the mode of farming and milking on milk production. The farm Vrzel started using milking robots in november 2013. We recieved the data from a central database for three periods (intermediate period, before and after the introduction of the milking robot). The observed period included data on average milkiness, fat content, protein and lactose in the total number of somatic cells in the milk on the day of control. The data was processed with the statistical program SAS. Significant differences in the quantity of milked milk were not observed. The analysis of the covered data showed significant differences in the parameters. The fat, protein and lactose contents were significantly higher. The number of somatic cells was significantly lower anfter the introduction of the milking robot. The introduction of the milking robot has really relieved the breeder. At the farm, there is less heavy physical work in the barn now, because there is no manual feeding and manual milking, which took up most of the time.

Spomladi leta 2015 so na kmetiji Andrečevih iz Sodišincev posadili gomolje topinamburja. Zanimala nas je možnost zamenjave topinamburjeve in koruzne silaže v prehrani krav molznic. Naredili smo kemične analize rastline topinamburja in topinamburjeve silaže. Krmili smo dve skupini krav v vezani reji. Ker smo imeli na razpolago manjšo količino topinamburjeve silaže (saj je za poskus bila namenjena manjša površina, in sicer 20 arov), je posledično v raziskavo bilo vključenih manj živali. Kontrolna skupina je vključevala štiri krave, testna pa tri. Kontrolna skupina je dobivala isti obrok kot pred poskusom, testno skupino pa smo najprej navajali na topinamburjevo silažo. Nato smo jim dva tedna pokladali 30 % topinamburjeve silaže in 70 % koruzne silaže. Potem pa smo jim še dva tedna pokladali 50 % topinamburjeve in 50 % koruzne silaže. Pred začetkom poskusa in po končanem krmljenju 30 % in 50 % topinamburjeve silaže v obroku smo izmerili količine mleka in dali analizirati mleko vsake krave. Proučili smo konzumacijo topinamburjeve silaže in vpliv na količino prirejenega mleka ter na vsebnost hranilnih snovi v mleku. Analizirali smo še hranilno vrednost pridelka in proizvodne stroške topinamburjeve silaže v primerjavi s koruzno silažo. Rezultati iz tega poskusa bodo podlaga za nadaljnje krmne poskuse In the spring of 2015, the Farm of the family Adreč from Sodišinci planted tubers of Jerusalem artichokes. We wanted to know what impact the Jerusalem artichoke silage had in the diet of dairy cows. We conducted a chemical analysis of the plant of the Jerusalem artichoke and the silage of the Jerusalem artichoke. We fed two groups of cows in connected breeding. Since we had a small amount of Jerusalem artichoke silage available, (because a small surface of 0.5 acres was intended for the experiment) fewer animals were included in the experiment. The control group consisted of four cows, the testing group of three. The control group received the same ration as before the experiment, the test group was first accustomed to Jerusalem artichoke. After that, we fed them 30 % of Jerusalem artichoke silage and 70 % corn silage for two weeks. After that, we fed them 50 % of Jerusalem artichoke silage and 50 % corn silage for another two weeks. Prior to the start of the experiment and after the feeding of 30 % and 50 % of the Jerusalem artichoke silage in the ration, we measured the quantities of produced milk and analysed the milk of each cow. We examined the consumption of the Jerusalem artichoke silage and the effect on the quantity of the milk produced and on the content of nutrients in the milk. We also analysed the nutritional value of the produce and the production costs of the Jerusalem artichoke silage in comparison with corn silage. The results of this experiment will be the basis for further feeding experiments.

Namen naloge je bil narediti analizo porabe pridobljenih sredstev na razpisu iz ukrepa 112: Pomoč mladim prevzemnikom kmetij (Program razvoja podeželja 2007–2013) in podukrepa 6.1: Pomoč za zagon dejavnosti za mlade kmete (Program razvoja podeželja 2014–2020), na območju Kmetijsko gozdarskega zavoda Celje, med leti 2007–2015. Naredili smo pregled števila mladih prevzemnikov po razpisih (letih) ter zavodih. V teh letih je bilo na območju KGZS – Zavoda Celje 794 mladih prevzemnikov, največ iz občine Šentjur. Pridobljene podatke iz anketnega vprašalnika smo s pomočjo opisne statistike preučili in analizirali. Kot smo pričakovali, so mladi prevzemniki največ sredstev s 34,49 % vložili v nakup kmetijske mehanizacije in strojne opreme, takoj za tem pa z 31,08 % za naložbe v hleve in pripadajočo opremo. S Kendallovim korelacijskim koeficientom in Hi-kvadrat testom smo testirali povezanost ordinalnih (»št. delovno aktivnih« ter »ocena NETO dohodka«) in nominalnih (»socio-ekonomski tip«) spremenljivk. Z neparametrično korelacijo, izračunano s Kendallovim korelacijskim koeficentom med ordinalnima spremenljivkama, nismo ugotovili povezanosti. S hi-kvadrat testom smo izračunali, da ni povezanosti med ordinalnimi in nominalnimi spremenljivkami.. Smo pa ugotovili, da je »socio-ekonomski tip« povezan z »oceno NETO dohodka«. The purpose of the thesis was to do an analysis of fund spending aquired from the 112 measure: Setting up of young farmers (Rural Development Programme 2007-2013) and the 6.1 submeasure: Business start-up aid for young farmers (Rural Development Programme 2014-2020), in the area of the Agricultural and Forestry Station Celje between 2007-2015. An overview of the number of young transferees by tender (years) and stations was carried out. In these years, there were 794 young transferees in the area of the KGZS (Celje Station), most of them from the Šentjur municipality. The obtained data from the survey questionnaire was examined and analyzed using descriptive statistics. As expected, the young transferees spent the most funds (34.49%) on the purchase of agricultural machinery and hardware, 31.08% were spent on investments in stables and related equipment. The correlation between ordinal ("no. of active workers" and "estimated NET income") and the nominal ("socio-economic type") variables were tested with Kendall's correlation coefficient and the Hi-square test. The correlation between the ordinal variables with nonparametric correlation, calculated with Kendall's correlation coefficient was not found. Using the hi-square test, we found that there is no correlation between the "socio-economic type" and "no. of working people". However, we found a correlation between "socio-economic type" and "estimated NET income".

Cilj diplomskega dela je bil izdelati idejno zasnovo za preureditev obstoječega hleva iz reje privezanih krav na rejo neprivezanih krav z ležalnimi boksi in betonskimi rešetkami. S tem bomo izboljšali način reje, povečali skupno količino mleka, olajšati delo kmetu ter omogočili boljšo funkcionalnost in ekonomičnost reje. Idejno zasnovo novega hleva in trenutno stanje obstoječega hleva bomo izrisali s pomočjo programa AutoCAD 2010. Trenutno ima kmetija 9 nizkih privezov ter 2 boksa. S preureditvijo bomo povečali število živali iz 9 na 17 molznic in 18 ostalih kategorij goved. Obstoječi hlev je precej temačen, s preureditvijo bo v njem dovolj naravne svetlobe, saj na zahodnem delu ne bo stene ampak protivetrna mreža. The aim of the study was to create an outline scheme for reconstruction of the existing tie-stall dairy barn to free-stall type with crates and concrete slatted floors. This will improve the cattle farming, increase the overall milk yield, simplify the farmer's work as well as optimise the functional and economical aspect of farming. The outline scheme of the new barn along with the current state of the existing barn have been drawn in AutoCAD 2010. The existing farm operates 9 low positioned tie rails and 2 crates. With the reconstruction the number of dairy cows will increase from 9 to 17 and the number of other cattle categories will rise to 18. The existing barn is rather dark and the reconstruction will provide more natural light as there will no longer be a wall on the western side, but a wind screen.

Cilj preučevanja je primerjava proizvodnih lastnosti krav lisaste pasme (LS) in križank z lisasto pasmo (LSX) glede na izvor očeta. V proučevanje smo vključili 100 krav (49 krav LS in 51 LSX), ki so prvič telile od leta 1994 do vključno 2014 na eni kmetiji, kjer so bile v enaki oskrbi z enakimi pogoji reje. Preučevali smo 7 lastnosti, ki se nanašajo na količino in kakovost mleka, 11 funkcionalnih lastnosti in 9 plemenskih vrednosti (PV). Najmlajše so telile krave LSX, ki so bile potomke tujih očetov. Dosegle so največ laktacij in s tem najvišjo starost ob izločitvi ter najkrajšo dobo med telitvama. Statistično značilne razlike (p ≤ 0,05) smo ugotovili pri povprečni prirejeni količini mleka in beljakovin v standardni laktaciji, kjer so bile boljše krave LS, potomke slovenskih očetov. Pri primerjavi količine mleka pri posamezni laktaciji smo ugotovili, da so krave LSX, potomke tujih očetov, v vseh laktacijah namolzle več mleka. Največ so namolzle v peti laktaciji, kjer je bila razlika tudi statistično značilna (p ≤ 0,05). Pri primerjavi plemenskih vrednosti smo ugotovili, da so imele potomke in matere potomk LS pasme slovenskih očetov boljše plemenske vrednosti kot potomke tujih očetov. The aim of the study was to compare the dairy cattle production traits of the Simmental breed (LS) and cross breeds with Simmental breed (LSX) in relation to the sire origin. In the study we included 100 cows (49 cows LS and 51 LSX), which have been calving since 1994, and further on until 2014 on a farm, where they have the same husbandry conditions. We investigated seven traits, which are related to quantity and quality of milk, 11 functional traits and 9 breeding values (PV). The youngest have calved LSX cows, who were descendants from foreign sires. They reached the most parities and thus the highest age at culling and the shortest calving interval. Statistically significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) were found in average milk yield and milk protein, which were better for LS descendants of Slovenian sires. When compared to the milk yield in each lactation, we found that LSX cows, which were descendants of foreign sires, had a higher milk yield in all lactations. The highest milk yield was in the fifth lactation, where the difference was statistically significant (p ≤ 0.05). When comparing breeding values of Simmental cows, we found better breeding values in mothers and their offspring in Slovenian sires when compared to foreign sires.

Namen raziskave je bil ugotoviti vpliv različnih svetlobnih programov na proizvodnost broilerjev, saj je perutnina zelo občutljiva na dnevno nočni ritem. Testirali smo štiri programe. V programu 1 (23S:1T 20S:4T 23S:1T) so bile živali prvi teden izpostavljene 23-urni svetlobi in 1 uri teme, od 8. do 28. Dne so bile izpostavljene 20 uram svetlobe in 4 uram teme, od 28. Do 35. Dne pa 23 uram svetlobe in 1 uri teme. V programu 2 (24S 20S:4T) so imele živali prvi teden 24 ur svetlobe, potem pa do 20 ur svetlobe in 4 ure teme, živali v programu 3 (23S:1T) so bile 35 dni izpostavljene 23-urni svetlobi in 1 uri teme, medtem ko so imele živali v programu 4 (24S) vse dni 24 ur svetlobe. Ugotavljali smo vplive svetlobnih programov na maso, prirast mase, konverzijo krmil, razmerje voda/krma, pogin in PEF (proizvodna učinkovitost reje). Najnižja masa je bila dosežena v programu 3, ki se statistično značilno razlikuje (P ≤ 0,05) od ostalih programov. Najugodnejša konverzija je v programu 3. Pogin je bil največji v programu 4. V vseh programih PEF ne izkazuje bistvenih razlik. Na podlagi dobljenih rezultatov ugotovimo, da je za rejo najprimernejši program 2 (24S 20S:4T). The aim of our study was to determine the effect of different lighting programs on broiler production, as poultry is very sensitive to the day-night rhythm. We tested four programs. In program 1 (23L:1D 20L:4D 23L:1D), animals had 23 hours of light and 1 hour of darkness in week 1, 20 hours of light and 4 hours of darkness during Days 8-28, and 23 hours of light and 1 hour of darkness until day 35. In program 2 (24L 20L:4D), animals had 24 hours of light in week 1, followed by 20 hours of light and 4 hours of darkness. In program 3 (23L:1D), animals had 23 hours of light and 1 hour of darkness all 35 days. In program 4 (24L), animals had 24 hours of light all 35 days. The lowest weight was recorded in program 3 and significantly different from other programs (P ≤ 0,05). Feed conversion was best in program 3. Morbidity rate was highest in program 4. PEF was not significantly different in any program. Based on our results, program 2 (24L 20L:4D), has been the most appropriate for broiler breeding.

Namen diplomskega dela je spremljanje telesne kondicije krav molznic lisaste pasme in ugotoviti morebitne medsebojne povezave med proizvodnimi lastnostmi in telesno maso. V raziskavo, ki je trajala 6 mesecev, je bilo vključenih 31 molznic. Molznice se je enkrat mesečno tehtalo, ocenila se jim je telesna kondicija in spremljala količina in kakovost mleka. Ugotovili smo, da je ocena telesne kondicije bolj uporaben podatek kot podatek o telesni masi. Kondicija se najhitreje spreminja v prvih treh mesecih po porodu, saj takrat molznice izgubijo največ telesne mase, imajo pa v tem obdobju najvišjo povprečno dnevno mlečnost. Poleg spremljanja telesne kondicije je zelo pomembno tudi spremljanje vsebnosti maščob in beljakovin v mleku, saj nas lahko vsi ti podatki skupaj zgodaj opozorijo na morebitne presnovne motnje molznice. Manj produktivne molznice začno že v prvi polovici laktacije z nalaganjem telesnih maščob in imajo ob presušitvi previsoko oceno kondicije, kar vodi v presnovne težave v naslednji laktaciji. The purpose of the diploma paper is to monitor the body condition score of Simmental dairy cattle and find possible interactions between the production traits and body weight. The experiment, which included 31 dairy cows, lasted 6 months. The cows were weighted once per month, their body condition score and the quality and quantity of the milk was monitored. We established that the body condition score is a more useful data than the body weight information. The body condition changes most in the first three months of lactation. This is also the time when dairy cows loose most of their weight and have the highest average daily milk yield. Next to monitoring the body condition score, it is also very important to monitor the fat and protein content in the milk, since all this data together can warn us about possible metabolic issues of the cow. Less productive dairy cows start building up body fat already in the first half of lactation and have at dry-off a to high body condition score, which leads to metabolic issues at the next lactation.

Danes je na trgu največ domačih psov (Lupus canis familiaris). Zraven vseh načrtno vzrejenih psov z rodovnikom ali brez je veliko psov tudi v zavetiščih, ki tam čakajo na nove skrbnike. Marsikdo se ne odloči za posvojitev psa iz zavetišča zaradi splošnega mišljenja, da imajo psi slabe izkušnje ter so plašni in nezaupljivi. Cilj raziskave je bil opraviti preizkus, ali se psi v zavetišču do neznanega človeka vedejo bolj plašno kot lastniški psi. Raziskava je bila opravljena v Zavetišču za živali Maribor in v domovih lastniških psov. Analiza pridobljenih podatkov je pokazala, da se psi v zavetišču statistično značilno ne vedejo bolj plašno ali nezaupljivo. Merodajni so bili podatki o dolžini drže repa navzdol ali med nogami in drže ušes nazaj in prilegajoče glavi. Oba parametra nista pokazala statistično značilnih razlik med skupinama psov (p > 0,05). Statistično značilno so se skupine psov razlikovale (p < 0,05) v času, ki ga je pes prebil blizu človeka in skakanju s sprednjimi tacami na človeka. Psi v zavetišču so več časa prebili blizu človeka in dalj časa skakali s sprednjimi tacami na človeka. Statistično značilna je bila razlika v oglašanju. Več so lajali in renčali lastniški psi. Iz navedenega je razvidno, da se psi v zavetišču ne vedejo bolj plašno kot lastniški psi, se dalj časa zadržujejo blizu človeka in se na človeka tudi prijazno povzpnejo. Lastniški psi več lajajo in renčijo. Nowadays, the market is saturated with domestic dogs (Canis lupus familiaris). In addition to all deliberately bred dogs with a pedigree or not, there are many dogs in shelters, who are waiting to be adopted. Many people do not decide to adopt a dog from a shelter because of the general belief that dogs have a bad experience and their fearfull bahavior. The aim of study was to test whether shelter dogs behave more fearful towards an unknown human, than pet dogs. The survey was conducted in a shelter for animals in Maribor and in the homes of dog owners. Analysis of data showed that the dogs in the shelter does not behave significantly more timid or suspicion. Authoritative data were accusing stance tail down or between legs and posture ears back and fitting the head. Both parameters did not show statistically significant differences between the two groups of dogs (p> 0.05). Statistically significant, the group of dogs differ (p

Diplomsko delo obravnava nadomestno gradnjo hleva – študija primera. V prvem delu smo predstavili postopke za pridobitev gradbenega dovoljenja, različne sisteme reje krav ter pogoje za izgradnjo hleva. V okviru rezultatov smo predstavili stari hlev s sistemom na privez in novi hlev za rejo prostih goved na kmetiji Berdnik. Analizirali smo nadomestno gradnjo hleva s sistemom reje prostih goved in poskušali ugotoviti, ali je izgradnja le-tega zadostila vsem zahtevam, zakonodaji in željam lastnikov. Izvedli smo tudi analizo materiala, ki je bil uporabljen pri gradnji, ter ugotovili, da se živali v betonsko-leseni konstrukciji hleva dobro počutijo, so zdrave in vitalne. Prav tako smo podali ocenjeno vrednost investicije. Thesis deals with the construction of a replacement barn - a case study. In the first part, we present the procedures for obtaining building permits, various systems of rearing cows and conditions for the construction of the barn. In terms of the results we have presented an old barn with a system to berth and a new barn for free rearing cattle on the farm Berdnik. We have analyzed the alternative construction of the barn with a system of free cattle rearing and try to determine whether the construction thereof meet all the requirements, legislation and the wishes of the owners. We made an analysis of the material, which was used in the construction, and noted that the animals into the concrete-wooden structure barn feel good they are healthy and vital. We have also made the estimated value of the investment.

V raziskavi smo s pomočjo termo kamere ugotavljali površinsko temperaturo konj, in sicer na štirih toplokrvnih konjih različnih pasem in starosti v Konjeniškem parku Starošince. Meritve so potekale tako, da smo konje lonžirali v času 30 minut ter opravili šest posnetkov. Izvedli smo tri ponovitve. Ena je bila izvedena v pokriti jahalnici, dve ponovitvi pa smo izvedli v zunanji maneži. Želeli smo ugotoviti vpliv vremena, kondicije in starosti na konjevo temperaturo površine. Ugotovili smo, da ima na spremembo površinske temperature precejšen vpliv kondicija živali, saj imajo konji z več kondicije bolj konstantno temperaturo. Tudi vreme ima vpliv na temperaturo kože, vendar je ta bistveno višji v toplejšem vremenu kakor hladnejšem, predvsem pri temnejših konjih. Ugotovili smo, da starost živali nima bistvenega vpliva na površinsko temperaturo. In the present study, horse surface temperature was measured using a thermal camera on four warm blooded horses of different breeds and ages by in the Equestrian Park Starošince. We performed measurements by lunging horses for thirty minutes. For each measurement, six temperature images were recorded. Measurement were performed three times, once in the covered riding hall and twice in outdoor manage. It was our aim to determine the effect of weather, horse’s condition and age on the skin temperature of horses. We have found that the change in surface temperature is considerable influenced by condition of animal, as horses with better condition expressed a more constant skin temperature. Weather has also influenced the surface temperature of the horse, but this has been significantly more expressed in the warm weather in comparison with colder, in particularly for dark horses. We have found that the age of the animal had no significant effect on surface temperature.

Namen naloge je bil narediti idejno zasnovo za preureditev hleva za krave dojilje iz vezane reje (Grabnerjeva naveza) na prosto rejo z ležalnimi boksi in odstranjevanjem gnoja s pehalom glede na možnosti in potrebe kmetije. Trenutno je v hlevu 12 stojišč Grabnerjeve naveze, s preureditvijo pa bomo naredili 10 ležišč ter teličnjak. Poleg hleva bo tudi izpust. Z odstranitvijo dela sten, bomo v hlev spustili več zraka in svetlobe. Glavni cilj naloge je bil, da se ob morebitni realizaciji idejne zasnove, živalim omogoči boljše počutje, več udobja in doseže čim boljšo funkcionalnost ter večjo ekonomičnost reje. Izdelali smo načrt trenutne situacije hleva in idejni načrt nove ureditve hleva s pomočjo progama Autodesk AutoCAD 2015. The purpose of the thesis was to do a conceptual design for the reconstruction of a stable for suckler cows from tie stall to mattress based free stall with scraper for manure removal, according to the possibilities and needs of the farm. The current stable has Grabner’s tie stall with 12 stalls, after rearranging will have free stall with 10 lying boxes and room for calves. Beside the stable will also be release. Some parts of the walls will be removed, that will let more air and light into the stable. The main aim of the study was to improve animal comfort, to achieve the best possible functionality and make farming more economical, if the concept will be realized. We made a blueprints of current stable and a conceptual design of the reconstructed stable with the Autodesk AutoCAD 2015 software.

Raziskavo smo opravljali v obdobju od leta 2010 do leta 2012 na dveh kmetijah s kravami dojiljami lisaste pasme. Analizirali smo 45 porodov (37 pri kravah in 8 pri telicah). Preučevali smo različne parametre v obdobju pred in med telitvijo. Pred telitvijo smo spremljali različna predhodna znamenja. Ugotovili smo, da so se ta začela pojavljati v obdobju enega tedna pred telitvijo (mehčanje vezi 7 dni, nabrekanje vimena 7 dni in prisotnost mleziva v vimenu 2 dni pred telitvijo), topitev materničnega čepa pa se je začela že 8 dni pred porodom. Pri telicah se je vime začelo razvijati dva meseca in pol pred telitvijo, mlezivo pa je bilo prisotno 4 dni pred telitvijo. Pri telitvi smo ugotovili, da se je alantoisni mehur pojavil 36 minut pred nogicami teleta, tele pa je bilo porojeno v dobrih 14 minutah. Večina telet (95,6 %) se je otelila v normalni prednji legi. V fizioloških mejah (do 12 ur po porodu) je bila izločena tudi posteljica. Pri živalih, ki so bile vključene v raziskavo, je brejost v povprečju trajala 290 dni, doba med dvema telitvama pa 385 dni. The research was carried out in the period from 2010 to 2012 on two farms with suckler cows of Simmental breed. The analyses comprised 45 births (37 in cows and heifers at 8). We studied different parameters in the period before and during calving. Before calving, various preliminary signs were monitored. We have found that they started to emerge in the period of one week before calving (softening ties 7 days, 7 days udder swelling and the presence of colostrum in the udder 2 days before calving). Dissolution of the cervical cap had already started 8 days before birth. In the heifers, the udder began to develop two and a half months before calving, while colostrum was seen 4 days before calving. At calving, we found that the allantoic bladder appeared 36 minutes before the feet of calves. The calf was conceived in about 14 minutes. Most calves (95.6%) were calved in the normal front position. Placenta was also eliminated within physiological limits (up to 12 hours after birth) bed. For studied animals, the average length of gestation and calving interval were 290 and 385 days, respectively.

V okviru raziskave smo razvili način spremljanja srčnega utripa pri športnih konjih z uporabo neinvazivne metode merjenja. Srčni utrip smo spremljanji pri treh kastratih različnih starostnih skupin in pod različnimi psihofizičnimi obremenitvami. S tem smo ugotavljali vpliv vsakodnevnih stresnih situacij na povišanje srčnega utripa. V času izvajanja meritev je pri 10-letnem kastratu nastopila nepričakovana bolezen, ki nam je omogočila proučitev vpliva bolezni in telesne temperature na srčni utrip konja. S statistično obdelavo in predhodno pridobljenimi podatki smo analizirali odvisnost med srčnim utripom in telesno temperaturo konja. Z uporabo nove opreme Polar Equine RS800CX G3 smo spremljali srčni utrip konja v fazi fizične aktivnosti in ugotavljali odvisnost srčnega utripa od temperature zraka v času izvajanja treningov. Rezultati so bili v nasprotju z našimi pričakovanji, saj je bil srčni utrip višji v času treningov brez preskakovanja ovir, ki veljajo za manj naporne in manj stresno obremenjujoče. Vzporedno smo razvili linearni model za izračun krmnega obroka pri športnih konjih. Z nastavitvijo omejitev ciljne celice in spreminjajočih se celic smo s pomočjo Excelovega orodja Reševalec dobili rešitev zastavljenega problema. Stroški sestavljenega optimalnega krmnega obroka so bili največji pri krmnem obroku v času tekmovanj. Within the frame of this research a method of heart beat monitoring in sport horses by non-invasive method was developed. Heart rate was monitored in three castrates of different age groups and under different psycho-physical burdening. At the same time, influences of everyday stressful situations on the increased heart rate were followed up. At the time of monitoring, 10-year old castrate became ill, and this unpredicted illness enabled us to study influence of the illness and body temperature to the horse's heart rate. Correlation between heart rate and horse's body temperature were analysed by statistical data processing. Horse's heart rate in the phase of physical activity and corellations between the heart rate and air temperature at the time of trainings was monitored by the new equipment Polar Equine RS800 CX G3. Results were opposite the ones we expected, as the heart rate was higher at the time of trainings without hurdles, which were previously meant to be less demanding/burden and stressful. At the same time, linear model for calculation of fodder in sport horses was being developed. By Excel softer Rescuer and setting of limitations of aimed and variable cells, solution of the problem was found. Costs of the optimal fodder were the highest at the time of competition.

Vse več kmetij zaradi trenutnega stanja kmetijstva in gospodarstva države išče dodatne vire zaslužka. Znano je, da je surovine, ki jih pridelamo na kmetiji, bolj priporočljivo predelati v izdelke in jih ponuditi na tržišče, saj bomo z izdelki iztržili več. Obstajajo različne oblike dopolnilnih dejavnosti, ena izmed njih je predelava mesa. Na preučevani kmetiji, podobno kot na večini slovenskih kmetij, koline (zakol prašičev) in izdelovanje mesnih izdelkov opravljajo za lastno domačo porabo. Za lastne potrebe vzredijo letno pet prašičev, ki jih v jesenskem in zimskem času zakoljejo, in izdelajo 18 različnih mesnih izdelkov. Na kmetiji v prihodnje načrtujejo registracijo dopolnilne dejavnosti, zato smo se v raziskavi seznanili z zakonodajo in predpisi ter ugotovili, da je zakonodaja manj zahtevna kot pri registraciji odobrene predelave. V raziskavo smo vključili štiri koline v sezoni kolin 2011/2012. Spremljali smo izdelovanje mesnih izdelkov ter pri štirih izbranih suhomesnih izdelkih merili izgubo mase v času sušenja. Salame so v povprečju izgubile 40,7 % mase, klobase 46,3 %, bunke 36,4 % in vratovina 36,2 % mase. Due to the present state of Slovenian agriculture and economy, an increasing number of small farms are trying to assure additional sources of income. It is well known that the raw materials produced on farms should be processed into end products, which bring in more money when placed on the market. There are various forms of supplementary activities, with meat processing being one of them. On the studied farm, like on the majority of Slovenian farms, pig slaughtering and making meat products are performed for domestic consumption. Five pigs are reared annually, which are slaughtered in fall and winter to be processed into 18 various meat products. The farm is planning to register supplementary activities in the near future therefore we studied rules and regulations governing these activities and found out that they are less strict than those governing the registration of meat processing. Our research included monitoring of four pig slaughters and making meat products in the season of 2011/2012. We selected four dried-meat products and measured their weight loss during drying. On average, salami lost 40.7 % of weight, sausages 46.3 %, Pohorje bunka 36.4 %, and pork neck lost 36.2 % of weight.

Za raziskavo smo priredili merilec srčnega utripa za ljudi “Garmin Forerunner 305”, s pomočjo katerega smo merili srčni utrip 12-letnega žrebca med treningom. Med enomesečnim treniranjem smo izvedli štiri preizkuse kondicije. Raziskovali smo povezanost med relativno zračno vlažnostjo, temperaturo zraka, zračnim tlakom, srčnim utripom, dihanjem in telesno temperaturo konja v mirovanju, pred ter med treniranjem. Proti našim pričakovanjem je bila zelo močna povezanost dopoldne med zračnim tlakom in telesno temperaturo. Na podlagi merjenja srčnega utripa, dihanja in telesne temperature med samim preizkusom smo spremljali telesno kondicijsko pripravljenost konja v obdobju treniranja. Kondicija je rasla do zadnjega tedna treniranja, v katerem pa smo zaznali njen padec. Menimo, da je bila to posledica vsakodnevnega pripuščanja žrebca. In this study we adapted a human heart rate monitor “Garmin Forerunner 305” to monitor a 12-year stallion during 1-month training. We performed four tests of horse fitness. We investigated the inter dependence between the relative air humidity, air temperature, atmospheric pressure and heart rate, body temperature and respiration of the horse at rest, before and during the training. Despite of our expectation there was very strong correlation between atmospheric pressure and body temperature in the morning. By measuring heart rate, breathing and body temperature during the test, we observed the horse fitness during the training. It was growing until the last week of the training, when it fell. We assume that the decrease in fitness could be caused by the daily breeding activities of the stallion.

V letu 2010 smo izvajali poskus z napajanjem telet na dveh kmetijah. Na kmetiji A, kjer redijo teleta lisaste pasme, smo z mlečnim nadomestkom teleta hranili s pomočjo vedra na cucelj. Na kmetiji B, kjer redijo teleta črno-bele pasme, je bil za krmljenje telet z mlečnim nadomestkom uporabljen avtomat za napajanje. Skupno smo v poskusu spremljali 20 telet od rojstva do starosti 10 tednov. Teleta smo v poskusnem obdobju petkrat (1., 8., 29., 50. in 71. dan) stehtali ter izmerili višino vihra, višino križa in dolžino telesa. Želeli smo ugotoviti, kateri način hranjenja je primernejši z vidika živali kot tudi z vidika delovne zahtevnosti za rejca. Primerjava krmljenja telet z vedrom in avtomatom za napajanje je pokazala statistično značilne razlike (p < 0,05) v telesni masi v obdobju med 50. in 71. dnem starosti (13,30 kg oziroma 9,90 kg), v višini vihra v obdobju med 8. in 29. dnem starosti (1,80 cm oziroma 2,70 cm), v višini križa v obdobju med 29. in 50. dnem starosti (1,70 cm oziroma 2,70 cm) ter statistično značilne razlike (p ≤ 0,001) v dolžini telesa v obdobju med 50. in 71. dnem starosti (2,80 cm oziroma 1,50 cm). Avtomatsko napajanje se je izkazalo primernejše za kmetije z večjim številom telet, saj prihranimo veliko delovnih ur. In 2010, we studied different feeding strategies for calves on two farms. On the first farm “A”, calves of Simmental breed were fed with milk replacer using a bucket teat (classical feeding). On the second farm “B” calves of Holstein-Friesian breed were given milk replacer using an automatic milk feeding. The experiment comprised 20 calves which were monitored from birth until the age of 10 weeks. On specific days (1st, 8th, 29th, 50th and 71st) calves were weighed and their withers height, back height and body length were measured. The aim of our study was to find out which feeding strategy is more suitable for the calves and for the farmer. The comparison between feeding using bucket teat or automatic feeding system showed significant differences (p < 0.05) in the body weight during the period between 50th and 71st day of age (13.30 kg and 9.90 kg, respectively), in withers height in the period between 8th and 29th day of age (1.80 cm and 2.70 cm, respectively) and in back height in the period between 29th and 50th day of age (1.70 cm and 2.70 cm, respectively). Significant differences were also seen (p ≤ 0.001) in body length during the period between 50th and 71st day of age (2.80 cm and 1.50 cm, respectively). The study proved automatic feeding to be more suitable for farms with large number of calves as it could substantially reduce working hours.