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Introduction: Extreme heat is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality, and the incidence of acute heat illness (AHI) will likely increase secondary to anthropogenic climate change. Prompt diagnosis and treatment of AHI are critical; however, relevant diagnostic and surveillance tools have received little attention. In this exploratory cross-sectional and diagnostic accuracy study, we evaluated three tools for use in the prehospital setting: 1) case definitions; 2) portable loggers to measure on-scene heat exposure; and 3) prevalence data for potential AHI risk factors.Methods: We enrolled 480 patients who presented to emergency medical services with chief complaints consistent with AHI in Ahmedabad, India, from April–June 2016 in a cross-sectional study. We evaluated AHI case definition test characteristics in reference to trained prehospital provider impressions, compared on-scene heat index measured by portable loggers to weather station measurements, and identified AHI behavioral and environmental risk factors using logistic regression.Results: The case definition for heat exhaustion was 23.8% (12.1-39.5%) sensitive and 93.6% (90.9-95.7%) specific. The positive and negative predictive values were 33.5% (20.8-49.0%) and 90.1% (88.5-91.5%), respectively. Mean scene heat index was 6.7°C higher than the mean station heat index (P < 0.001), and station data systematically underestimated heat exposure, particularly for AHI cases. Heat exhaustion cases were associated with on-scene heat index ≥ 49°C (odds ratio [OR] 2.66 [1.13–6.25], P = 0.025) and a history of recent exertion (OR 3.66 [1.30–10.29], P = 0.014), while on-scene air conditioning was protective (OR 0.29 [0.10–0.85], P = 0.024).Conclusion: Systematic collection of prehospital data including recent activity history and presence of air conditioning can facilitate early AHI detection, timely intervention, and surveillance. Scene temperature data can be reliably collected and improve heat exposure and AHI risk assessment. Such data may be important elements of surveillance, clinical practice, and climate change adaptation.

ABSTRACT Here, we have succeeded in developing an eco‐efficient, mild, and metal‐free synthetic protocol for biologically significant scaffolds: imidazopyridines and their derivatives via radical cyclization from a wide variety of simple 2‐aminopyridines and phenacyl bromides as reactants and utilizing visible light as a reaction promoter in the ethanol/water solvent. To the best of our knowledge, the present strategy is the first example of visible light promoted synthesis of imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridine via the formation of C‐N bonds. The proposed methodology has various advantages namely quick reaction time, low cost, simple setup, high atom efficiency, easy‐availability of reactants and non‐involvement of specific glasswares and photo reactor system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An efficient, one pot, multicomponent, L‐arginine catalyzed synthesis of thiazolo[3,2‐a]pyrimidines is described. L‐arginine is an easily available, biodegradable, inexpensive, promising bio‐organic molecule. The current strategy is the first example of amino acid promoted, green synthesis of a series of thiazolo[3,2‐a]pyrimidines via the formation of CN and CC bonds. The major advantages of the present methodology such as recyclability of catalyst, operational simplicity, easy scale‐up, wide substrate scope, easy work‐up, inexpensive, excellent yields, and high atom economy make it a distinct improvement over the prevailing strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We consider the following Keller-Segel system with gradient dependent chemotactic coefficient: \begin{document}$ \begin{equation*} \begin{cases} u_{t} = \Delta u- \chi \nabla\cdot (uf(|\nabla v|)\nabla v),\\ 0 = \Delta v -v+g(u), \end{cases} \end{equation*} $\end{document} in smooth bounded domains $ \Omega \subset \mathbb{R}^{n}, \,n\geq 1 $ with $ f(\xi) = \big(\xi^{p-2}\big(1+\xi^{p}\big)^{\frac{q-p}{p}}\big), \,1

A facile multicomponent synthesis of novel thiazolidinone‐bis Schiff base hybrids has been developed using readily available starting materials. The four‐component reaction of isothiocyanate, hydrazine, aldehyde and α‐bromoester in water readily affords thiazolidinone‐bis Schiff base hybrids, whereas the five‐component strategy involving the same reactants in the presence of boron trifluoride etherate in acetonitrile leads to the formation of the fully functionalized thiazolidinone‐bis Schiff base hybrids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We study a class of non-instantaneous impulsive fractional differential equations in a Banach space. We consider the Cauchy problem with Caputo derivative having variable lower limits and almost sectorial operators. We establish the existence of mild solutions in the space of piecewise continuous functions. We employ the properties of semigroup associated with the almost sectorial operator, theory of measure of non-compactness and fixed point theorems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An expeditious catalyst‐free heteroannulation has been accomplished to access functionalized thiazol‐2(3H)‐ones by the reaction of isothiocyanates and 2‐bromoketones in EtOH under controlled microwave irradiation heating. The synthetic strategy is simple, straightforward, and offers two points of structural diversity to expand the product versatility. Further, the biological relevance of the synthesized thiazol‐2(3H)‐ones has been examined for their possible use as putative acetylcholinesterase inhibitors through molecular docking analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A straightforward synthesis of pyrrolo[3,4‐c]quinoline‐1,3‐diones and 2,3‐dihydro‐1H‐pyrrolo[3,4‐c]quinolin‐1‐ones has been accomplished by the cascade reaction of isatins with α‐oxoketene‐N,S‐acetals using BF3 ⋅ Et2O in DMSO/toluene at 110 °C. The reaction offers an easy access to biologically important tricyclic N‐heterocycles via C−C/C−X bond formation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An efficient and straightforward synthesis of α‐ketothioamides has been accomplished via in situ decarboxylative oxidative thioamidation using α,β‐unsaturated arylcarboxylic acids, alicyclic secondary amines and elemental sulfur under solvent‐free aerobic conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]