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To achieve large-scale development of triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) for water wave energy harvesting and powering the colossal sensors widely distributed in the ocean, facile and scalable TENGs with high output are urgently required. Here, an elastic self-recovering hybrid nanogenerator (ES-HNG) is proposed for water wave energy harvesting and marine environmental monitoring. The elastic skeletal support of the ES-HNG is manufactured using three-dimensional (3D) printing technology, which is more conducive to the large-scale integration of the ES-HNG. Moreover, the combination of a TENG and an electromagnetic generator (EMG) optimizes the utilization of device space, leading to enhanced energy harvesting efficiency. Experimental results demonstrate that the TENG achieves a peak power output of 42.68 mW, and the EMG reaches a peak power output of 4.40 mW. Furthermore, various marine environment monitoring sensors, such as a self-powered wireless meteorological monitoring system, a wireless alarm system, and a water quality monitoring pen, have been successfully powered by the sophisticated ES-HNG. This work introduces an ES-HNG for water wave energy harvesting, which demonstrates potential in marine environment monitoring and offers a new solution for the sustainable development of the marine internet of things.

Deep learning-based methods have been proposed to substitute CT-based PET attenuation and scatter correction to achieve CT-free PET imaging. Here, the authors present a simple way to integrate domain knowledge in deep learning for CT-free PET imaging.

Eco-city and green building are the global development strategies today. In order to improve the management level of green buildings in the urbanization process, a reciprocal symbiosis evaluation index model is proposed based on the theory of urban ecology. On this basis, the collaborative relationship model between Eco-city and green building is established, and the green building management framework based on the collaborative theory is constructed. The expert survey method was used to determine the evaluation indicators and analyze the relationship between various city subsystems. Then, the analytic hierarchy process is used to build a three-level evaluation index system, including the target layer, the criterion layer, and the index layer. The weight of the evaluation index system is calculated by combining of the chromatography method and the entropy weight method, and a scientific evaluation index system is established. The gray comprehensive evaluation method is used to evaluate the construction of the green building management system. Based on the index system, the analytic hierarchy process is used to calculate different weight coefficients, which makes the evaluation model easy to use and lays a foundation for subsequent research.

Heparanase is highly implicated in tumor metastasis due to its capacity to cleave heparan sulfate and, consequently, remodel the extracellular matrix underlying epithelial and endothelial cells. In striking contrast, only little attention was given to its close homolog, heparanase 2 (Hpa2), possibly because it lacks heparan sulfate-degrading activity typical of heparanase. We subjected sections of gastric carcinoma to immunostaining and correlated Hpa2 immunoreactivity with clinical records, including tumor grade, stage and patients' status. We over-expressed Hpa2 in gastric carcinoma cell lines and examined their tumorigenic properties in vitro and in vivo. We also evaluated the expression of Hpa2 by gastric carcinoma cells following inhibition of the proteasome, leading to proteotoxic stress, and the resulting signaling responsible for Hpa2 gene regulation. Here, we report that gastric cancer patients exhibiting high levels of Hpa2 survive longer. Similarly, mice administrated with gastric carcinoma cells engineered to over-express Hpa2 produced smaller tumors and survived longer than mice administrated with control cells. This was associated with increased phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a kinase that is situated at the center of a tumor suppressor network. We also found that MG132, an inhibitor of the proteasome that results in proteotoxic stress, prominently enhances Hpa2 expression. Notably, Hpa2 induction by MG132 appeared to be mediated by AMPK, and AMPK was found to induce the expression of Hpa2, thus establishing a loop that feeds itself where Hpa2 enhances AMPK phosphorylation that, in turn, induces Hpa2 expression, leading to attenuation of gastric tumorigenesis. These results indicate that high levels of Hpa2 in some tumors are due to stress conditions that tumors often experience due to their high rates of cell proliferation and high metabolic demands. This increase in Hpa2 levels by the stressed tumors appears critically important for patient outcomes.

The performance influence on the dual fuel engine by the intake/exhaust port flow coefficient and swirl are major factors to the dual fuel engine. Therefor the optimization of the intake and the exhaust ports was carried out to ensure the adaptability of the airway structure to the ACD320 dual fuel engine in this paper. According to the limitation conditions of the structural parameters, the multiple airways crossing the diameter of the intake/exhaust port were designed. The research on variation rules of flow and swirl characteristics in different intake/exhaust port circulation cross-sectional area by aerodynamics modeling and simulating approach to optimizing the matching degree between the cylinder and the intake/exhaust port of a marine dual fuel engine was presented. And the optimizing match results were verified and analyzed by the experimental results of the practical intake and exhaust port models. The influence on the performance by the intake/exhaust air flow area and the valve lift is analyzed comprehensively by the AVL test results of the intake and the exhaust ports. The suction and combustion processes at different size of intake and exhaust port are simulated by AVL Fire to validate the optimum matching. Results show that the intake flow coefficient tends to be stable when the diameter of the intake port greater than 83 mm, the swirl number tends to be stable when the diameter of the intake port greater than 88 mm and the exhaust flow coefficient tends to be stable when the diameter of the exhaust port greater than 80 mm. Analysis show that the mean flow coefficient present optimum consequence when the diameter of the intake port is 88.6 mm. By analyzing and comparing intake airflow, efficiency, emissions and indicate power, the fifth group (intake port 88.60 mm, exhaust port 80.00 mm) matching is the optimum matching for ACD320 type marine dual fuel engine. The results provide reference for the design and optimization of dual fuel engine.

As natural medicines in complementary and alternative medicine, edible and medicinal resources are being gradually recognized throughout the world. According to statistics from the World Health Organization, about 80% of the worldwide population has used edible and medicinal resource products to prevent and treat diseases. Polysaccharides, one of the main effective components in edible and medicinal resources, are considered ideal regulators of various biological responses due to their high effectiveness and low toxicity, and they have a wide range of possible applications for the development of functional foods for the regulation of common, frequently occurring, chronic and severe diseases. Such applications include the development of polysaccharide products for the prevention and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases that are difficult to control by a single treatment, which is of great value to the aging population. Therefore, we evaluated the potential of polysaccharides to prevent neurodegeneration by their regulation of behavioral and major pathologies, including abnormal protein aggregation and neuronal damage caused by neuronal apoptosis, autophagy, oxidative damage, neuroinflammation, unbalanced neurotransmitters, and poor synaptic plasticity. This includes multi-target and multi-pathway regulation involving the mitochondrial pathway, MAPK pathway, NF-κB pathway, Nrf2 pathway, mTOR pathway, PI3K/AKT pathway, P53/P21 pathway, and BDNF/TrkB/CREB pathway. In this paper, research into edible and medicinal resource polysaccharides for neurodegenerative diseases was reviewed in order to provide a basis for the development and application of polysaccharide health products and promote the recognition of functional products of edible and medicinal resources.

PurposeTo investigate the significance of collagen in predicting the aggressiveness of rectal tumors in patients, examined in vivo based on tomoelastography quantified stiffness and ex vivo by histologically measured collagen volume fraction (CVF).Experimental Design170 patients with suspected rectal cancer were prospectively enrolled and underwent preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and rectal tomoelastography, a technique based on multifrequency magnetic resonance elastography. Histopathologic analysis identified eighty patients with rectal cancer who were divided into subgroups by tumor-node (TN) stage, prognostic stage, and risk level. Rectal tumor stiffness was correlated with histopathologic CVF. Area-under-the-curve (AUC) and contingency analysis were used to evaluate the performance of rectal stiffness in distinguishing tumor stages which was compared to standard clinical MRIResultsIn vivo tomoelastography revealed that rectal tumor stiffened significantly with increased TN stage (p

We propose a new design for a cellular neural network with spintronic neurons and CMOS-based synapses. Harnessing the magnetoelectric and inverse Rashba-Edelstein effects allows natural emulation of the behavior of an ideal cellular network. This combination of effects offers an increase in speed and efficiency over other spintronic neural networks. A rigorous performance analysis via simulation is provided.

Abstract The MiT/TFE transcription factors play a pivotal role in the regulation of autophagy and lysosomal biogenesis. The subcellular localization and activity of MiT/TFE proteins are primarily regulated through phosphorylation. And the phosphorylated protein is retained in the cytoplasm and subsequently translocates to the nucleus upon dephosphorylation, where it stimulates the expression of hundreds of genes, leading to lysosomal biogenesis and autophagy induction. The transcription factor-mediated lysosome-to-nucleus signaling can be directly controlled by several signaling molecules involved in the mTORC1, PKC, and AKT pathways. MiT/TFE family members have attracted much attention owing to their intracellular clearance of pathogenic factors in numerous diseases. Recently, multiple studies have also revealed the MiT/TFE proteins as master regulators of cellular metabolic reprogramming, converging on autophagic and lysosomal function and playing a critical role in cancer, suggesting that novel therapeutic strategies could be based on the modulation of MiT/TFE family member activity. Here, we present an overview of the latest research on MiT/TFE transcriptional factors and their potential mechanisms in cancer.

A graphene-based spin-diffusive neural network is presented in this paper that takes advantage of the locally tunable spin transport of graphene and the non-volatility of nanomagnets. By using electrostatically gated graphene as spintronic synapses, a weighted summation operation can be performed in the spin domain while the weights can be programmed using circuits in the charge domain. Four-component spin/charge circuit simulations coupled to magnetic dynamics are used to show the feasibility of the neuronsynapse functionality and quantify the analog weighting capability of the graphene under different spinrelaxation mechanisms. This spin-diffusive neural network using a graphene-based synapse design achieves total energy consumption of 0.55-0.97 fJ per cell·synapse and attains significantly better scalability compared to its digital counterparts, particularly as the number and bit accuracy of the synapses increases.

Magnetoelectric spin-orbit (MESO) logic is a promising spin-based post-CMOS logic computation paradigm. This paper explores the application of the basic MESO device concept to more complex logic structures. A simulation framework is first developed to facilitate the performance evaluation of MESO-based circuits. Based on the analysis, it is seen that inadvertent logic errors may potentially be introduced in cascaded MESO stages due to sneak paths, and solutions for overcoming this problem with a short pulse and two-phase evaluation are discussed. Next, the generalization of the MESO inverter structure to majority logic gates is shown. Two implementations, based on different physical mechanisms, are presented and a relative analysis of their speed and power characteristics is provided.

Graphene is an ideal material for spintronic devices due to its low spin-orbit coupling and high mobility. One of the most important potential applications of graphene spintronics is for use in neuromorphic computing systems, where the tunable spin resistance of graphene can be used to apply analog weighting factors. A key capability needed to achieve spin-based neuromorphic computing systems is to achieve distinct regions of control, where injected and detected spin currents can be tuned independently. Here, we demonstrate the ability to achieve such independent control using a graphene spin valve geometry where the injector and detector regions are modulated by two separate bottom gate electrodes. The spin transport parameters and their dependence on each gate voltage are extracted from Hanle precession measurements. From this analysis, local spin transport parameters and their dependence on the local gate voltage are found, which provide a basis for a spatially-resolved spin resistance network that simulates the device. The data and model are used to calculate the spin currents flowing into, through, and out of the graphene channel. We show that the spin current flowing through the graphene channel can be modulated by 30% using one gate and that the spin current absorbed by the detector can be modulated by 50% using the other gate. This result demonstrates that spin currents can be controlled by locally tuning the spin resistance of graphene. The integration of chemical vapor deposition (CVD) grown graphene with local gates allows for the implementation of large-scale integrated spin-based circuits.

We present a detailed numerical analysis of switching efficiency for the recently proposed dual referenced composite free layer structure with respect to Gilbert damping. Low anisotropy assistive layers enable reduction of Gilbert damping and an increase of partial spin polarization within those low anisotropy layers—not feasible with single layer structures that require high anisotropy for thermal stability. When the damping of the soft layers is ultra-low, an efficiency (kBT/μA) of 8.1 is achieved for the composite structure with perpendicular anisotropy. This represents an improvement of 286% and 913% relative to the state-of-the-art dual-referenced and conventional STT-RAM cells, respectively. Results for structures with longitudinal anisotropy are also presented. A linear calculation of the STT polarization pre-factor is also described that captures all reflections.