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It is now well known that effective microbiological control is a critical component of any success-fully executed hydraulic fracturing operation. However, a debate still rages over where disinfection needs to occur. One opinion advocates above ground treatment, where the frac water is fully disinfected before entering the formation, while a second opinion focuses on biocide addition to the blender, and hence the formation, to adequately kill deleterious microbes that might already exist downhole. There is no universally accepted process, but it has been generally accepted that disinfection utilizing both approaches is too costly to consider, especially considering today's energy market conditions. This paper will discuss a new, patented low-cost approach to above ground frac water disinfection, that when combined with a blender applied "preservative" treatment yields superior disin-fection results at a lower cost than traditional frac water disinfection processes. A slight variation of the process has been utilized over the past 24 months with two Northeast opera-tors, providing disinfection results equal to or better than the previous programs at a significant savings to the operator.

Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2013-08-22T18:56:34Z No. of bitstreams: 1 S0102-09352011000600024.pdf: 219923 bytes, checksum: bf5287570b87dd458c6ec3ea338672f8 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-22T18:56:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 S0102-09352011000600024.pdf: 219923 bytes, checksum: bf5287570b87dd458c6ec3ea338672f8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-12-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T19:50:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0102-09352011000600024.pdf: 219923 bytes, checksum: bf5287570b87dd458c6ec3ea338672f8 (MD5) S0102-09352011000600024.pdf.txt: 30943 bytes, checksum: a449c5425c9ae95339ebefe0db4f823c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-12-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T13:18:34Z No. of bitstreams: 2 S0102-09352011000600024.pdf: 219923 bytes, checksum: bf5287570b87dd458c6ec3ea338672f8 (MD5) S0102-09352011000600024.pdf.txt: 30943 bytes, checksum: a449c5425c9ae95339ebefe0db4f823c (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T13:18:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0102-09352011000600024.pdf: 219923 bytes, checksum: bf5287570b87dd458c6ec3ea338672f8 (MD5) S0102-09352011000600024.pdf.txt: 30943 bytes, checksum: a449c5425c9ae95339ebefe0db4f823c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-12-01 Foram realizados três experimentos com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito da suplementação de minerais na forma orgânica na dieta de codornas japonesas na fase de postura sobre o desempenho e a qualidade de ovos das aves. Os níveis de minerais utilizados por kg de ração, para cada experimento, foram: controle, 0,35, 0,70 e 1,05mg de Se orgânico (experimento 1); controle, 50, 100 e 150mg de Zn orgânico (experimento 2) e controle, 60, 120 e 180mg de Mn orgânico (experimento 3). As aves foram distribuídas em delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, sendo oito aves por parcela e seis repetições por tratamento. Foram avaliadas as características de desempenho - consumo diário de ração, peso dos ovos, porcentagem de postura, conversão alimentar por massa de ovos e por dúzia de ovos e viabilidade - e qualidade dos ovos - unidade Haugh, índice gema, porcentagens de casca, albúmen e gema, espessura de casca e gravidade específica. O Zn orgânico suplementado à dieta melhorou o desempenho das aves e a qualidade dos ovos, o Mn orgânico melhorou a qualidade da casca e reduziu o peso dos ovos e o Se não apresentou efeitos sobre as características avaliadas. Three experiments were carried out to evaluate the effect of minerals in organic form in diet supplementation in Japanese quails performance. The levels of minerals used per kg of diet for each experiment were: Experiment 1: control, 0.35; 0.70 and 1.05mg organic; Experiment 2: control, 50; 100 and 150mg organic Zn; and Experiment 3: control, 60; 120 and 180mg organic Mn. The birds were randomly allotted in treatments with eight birds per experimental unit and six replicates per treatment. Performance traits of the quails estimated by daily feed intake, egg weight, egg production, feed conversion by egg mass and per dozen eggs and viability, and egg quality measured by Haugh unit, yolk index, shell, albumen and yolk percentage, shell thickness and specific gravity were evaluated. The organic Zn diet supplementation improved bird performance and egg quality, the organic Mn diet improved eggshell quality and reduced egg weight, and the Se diet did not affect the evaluated characteristics. UNESP Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias de Jaboticabal UNESP Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias de Jaboticabal

Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2013-08-22T19:07:46Z No. of bitstreams: 1 S1516-35982011000600010.pdf: 194359 bytes, checksum: 028c3326a98c02b6a35ddcd2ac164f90 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-22T19:07:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 S1516-35982011000600010.pdf: 194359 bytes, checksum: 028c3326a98c02b6a35ddcd2ac164f90 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-06-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T18:02:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S1516-35982011000600010.pdf: 194359 bytes, checksum: 028c3326a98c02b6a35ddcd2ac164f90 (MD5) S1516-35982011000600010.pdf.txt: 45129 bytes, checksum: fe02097fdd5e4366ec257412bd29fd74 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-06-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T13:18:55Z No. of bitstreams: 2 S1516-35982011000600010.pdf: 194359 bytes, checksum: 028c3326a98c02b6a35ddcd2ac164f90 (MD5) S1516-35982011000600010.pdf.txt: 45129 bytes, checksum: fe02097fdd5e4366ec257412bd29fd74 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T13:18:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S1516-35982011000600010.pdf: 194359 bytes, checksum: 028c3326a98c02b6a35ddcd2ac164f90 (MD5) S1516-35982011000600010.pdf.txt: 45129 bytes, checksum: fe02097fdd5e4366ec257412bd29fd74 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-06-01 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Objetivou-se nesta pesquisa avaliar o desempenho das aves e a qualidade e o enriquecimento de ovos de codornas sob suplementação com vitaminas A, D e E. Foram realizados três experimentos, um para cada vitamina, em delineamentos inteiramente casualizados, com seis repetições e oito aves por parcela, totalizando 192 codornas. O desempenho das aves foi avaliado pelo consumo diário de ração, peso dos ovos, porcentagem de postura e conversão alimentar, por kg e dúzia de ovos. Também foram avaliadas a qualidade interna (unidade Haugh, índice gema e porcentagens de gema e albúmen) e externa (porcentagem de casca, peso específico, espessura e peso da casca) e a concentração das vitaminas na gema dos ovos, mediante o método de cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência. A suplementação das vitaminas não melhorou o desempenho produtivo nem a qualidade interna e externa dos ovos, com exceção da suplementação de vitamina D, que elevou o consumo. A incorporação de vitamina A na gema aumentou 536,27% no nível de 30.000 UI/kg, a de vitamina D 13,43% no nível de 1.500 UI/kg e a de vitamina E 479,05% no nível de 600 UI/kg, e isso evidencia que o valor nutricional dos ovos, relacionado à vitamina, pode ser aumentado com a suplementação na dieta das codornas. The objective of this research was to evaluate the performance of birds and the quality and enrichment of eggs from quails fed diets supplemented with vitamins A, D and E. Three experiments were performed, one for each vitamin, under completely randomized experimental design, with six replicates and eight birds per plot, totaling 192 quails. Performance of birds was evaluated by the daily feed intake, egg weight, laying percentage (%) and food conversion, per kg and dozen of eggs. It was also evaluated the internal quality (Haugh unit, yolk index and yolk and albumen percentages) and external quality (eggshell percentage, egg specific gravity, eggshell thickness and weight) and the concentration of vitamins in egg yolk by using the high performance liquid chromatography method. Vitamins supplementation did not improve productive performance neither the internal and external quality of the eggs, except for vitamin D supplementation, which increased intake. Incorporation of vitamin A in yolk increased 536.27% at level 30,000 UI/kg, vitamin D increased 13.43% at 1,500 UI/kg and vitamin E increased 479.05% at 600 UI/kg, and these results evidence that the nutritional value of eggs, related to vitamins, can be increased through supplementation of diets for quails. UNESP FCAV Departamento de Zootecnia UNESP FCAV Departamento de Zootecnia FAPESP: 08/51419-3 FAPESP: 08/52547-5