2,067 results on '"J. Milne"'
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2. Making Men in the Age of Sail: Masculinity, Memoir, and the British Merchant Seafarer, 1860–1914
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Graeme J. Milne and Graeme J. Milne
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- 2024
3. Enhancing public research on citizen data: An empirical investigation of data synthesis using Statistics New Zealand's Integrated Data Infrastructure.
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Alex X. Wang, Stefanka S. Chukova, Andrew Sporle, Barry J. Milne, Colin R. Simpson, and Binh P. Nguyen
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- 2024
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4. Evidence for a universal association of auditory roughness with musical stability.
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Andrew J Milne, Eline A Smit, Hannah S Sarvasy, and Roger T Dean
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
We provide evidence that the roughness of chords-a psychoacoustic property resulting from unresolved frequency components-is associated with perceived musical stability (operationalized as finishedness) in participants with differing levels and types of exposure to Western or Western-like music. Three groups of participants were tested in a remote cloud forest region of Papua New Guinea (PNG), and two groups in Sydney, Australia (musicians and non-musicians). Unlike prominent prior studies of consonance/dissonance across cultures, we framed the concept of consonance as stability rather than as pleasantness. We find a negative relationship between roughness and musical stability in every group including the PNG community with minimal experience of musical harmony. The effect of roughness is stronger for the Sydney participants, particularly musicians. We find an effect of harmonicity-a psychoacoustic property resulting from chords having a spectral structure resembling a single pitched tone (such as produced by human vowel sounds)-only in the Sydney musician group, which indicates this feature's effect is mediated via a culture-dependent mechanism. In sum, these results underline the importance of both universal and cultural mechanisms in music cognition, and they suggest powerful implications for understanding the origin of pitch structures in Western tonal music as well as on possibilities for new musical forms that align with humans' perceptual and cognitive biases. They also highlight the importance of how consonance/dissonance is operationalized and explained to participants-particularly those with minimal prior exposure to musical harmony.
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- 2023
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5. Distributional Analysis of n-Dimensional Feature Space for 7-Note Scales in 22-TET.
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Gareth M. Hearne, Andrew J. Milne, and Roger T. Dean
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- 2019
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6. Teaching Music with Mathematics: A Pilot Study.
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Andrew J. Milne and Andrea M. Calilhanna
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- 2019
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7. Manuka Honey as an Adjunct to Nonsurgical Periodontal Treatment: A Pilot Study
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Safii, Syarida Hasnur, primary, J. Medlicott, Natalie, additional, J. Milne, Trudy, additional, and J. Duncan, Warwick, additional
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- 2023
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8. Emotional responses in Papua New Guinea show negligible evidence for a universal effect of major versus minor music.
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Eline Adrianne Smit, Andrew J Milne, Hannah S Sarvasy, and Roger T Dean
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Music is a vital part of most cultures and has a strong impact on emotions [1-5]. In Western cultures, emotive valence is strongly influenced by major and minor melodies and harmony (chords and their progressions) [6-13]. Yet, how pitch and harmony affect our emotions, and to what extent these effects are culturally mediated or universal, is hotly debated [2, 5, 14-20]. Here, we report an experiment conducted in a remote cloud forest region of Papua New Guinea, across several communities with similar traditional music but differing levels of exposure to Western-influenced tonal music. One hundred and seventy participants were presented with pairs of major and minor cadences (chord progressions) and melodies, and chose which of them made them happier. The experiment was repeated by 60 non-musicians and 19 musicians in Sydney, Australia. Bayesian analyses show that, for cadences, there is strong evidence that greater happiness was reported for major than minor in every community except one: the community with minimal exposure to Western-like music. For melodies, there is strong evidence that greater happiness was reported for those with higher mean pitch (major melodies) than those with lower mean pitch (minor melodies) in only one of the three PNG communities and in both Sydney groups. The results show that the emotive valence of major and minor is strongly associated with exposure to Western-influenced music and culture, although we cannot exclude the possibility of universality.
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- 2022
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9. Teaching Mathematics with Music: A Pilot Study.
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Tara Julia Hamilton, Julieanne Doai, Andrew J. Milne, Vicky Saisanas, Andrea M. Calilhanna, Courtney Hilton, Micah B. Goldwater, and Richard Cohn
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- 2018
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10. Schwarz-Pick inequalities for the Schur-Agler class on the polydisk and unit ball
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Anderson, J. Milne, Dritschel, Michael A., and Rovnyak, James
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Mathematics - Complex Variables ,Mathematics - Functional Analysis ,30C80 (Primary) ,32A30, 47B32, 47A48 (Secondary) - Abstract
The notion of a unitary realization is used to estimate derivatives of arbitrary order of functions in the Schur-Agler class on the polydisk and unit ball., Comment: 20 pages
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- 2007
11. Expression of the wheat multipathogen resistance hexose transporter Lr67res is associated with anion fluxes
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Ricky J Milne, Katherine E Dibley, Jayakumar Bose, Anthony R Ashton, Peter R Ryan, Stephen D Tyerman, and Evans S Lagudah
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Physiology ,Genetics ,Plant Science - Abstract
Many disease resistance genes in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) confer strong resistance to specific pathogen races or strains, and only a small number of genes confer multipathogen resistance. The Leaf rust resistance 67 (Lr67) gene fits into the latter category as it confers partial resistance to multiple biotrophic fungal pathogens in wheat and encodes a Sugar Transport Protein 13 (STP13) family hexose-proton symporter variant. Two mutations (G144R, V387L) in the resistant variant, Lr67res, differentiate it from the susceptible Lr67sus variant. The molecular function of the Lr67res protein is not understood, and this study aimed to broaden our knowledge on this topic. Biophysical analysis of the wheat Lr67sus and Lr67res protein variants was performed using Xenopus laevis oocytes as a heterologous expression system. Oocytes injected with Lr67sus displayed properties typically associated with proton-coupled sugar transport proteins—glucose-dependent inward currents, a Km of 110 ± 10 µM glucose, and a substrate selectivity permitting the transport of pentoses and hexoses. By contrast, Lr67res induced much larger sugar-independent inward currents in oocytes, implicating an alternative function. Since Lr67res is a mutated hexose-proton symporter, the possibility of protons underlying these currents was investigated but rejected. Instead, currents in Lr67res oocytes appeared to be dominated by anions. This conclusion was supported by electrophysiology and 36Cl− uptake studies and the similarities with oocytes expressing the known chloride channel from Torpedo marmorata, TmClC-0. This study provides insights into the function of an important disease resistance gene in wheat, which can be used to determine how this gene variant underpins disease resistance in planta.
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- 2023
12. Lower Schwarz-Pick estimates and angular derivatives
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Anderson, J. Milne and Vasil'ev, Alexander
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Mathematics - Complex Variables ,30C35 ,30C80 - Abstract
The well-known Schwarz-Pick lemma states that any analytic mapping $\phi$ of the unit disk $U$ into itself satisfies the inequality $$|\phi'(z)|\leq \frac{1-|\phi(z)|^2}{1-|z|^2}, \quad z\in U.$$ This estimate remains the same if we restrict ourselves to univalent mappings. The lower estimate is $|\phi'(z)|\geq 0$ generally or $|\phi'(z)|> 0$ for univalent functions. To make the lower estimate non-trivial we consider univalent functions and fix the angular limit and the angular derivative at some points of the unit circle. In order to obtain sharp estimates we make use of the reduced modulus of a digon., Comment: 11 pages, the reference [14] is added
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- 2006
13. The relationship between income poverty and child hospitalisations in New Zealand: Evidence from longitudinal household panel data and Census data.
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Nichola Shackleton, Eileen Li, Sheree Gibb, Amanda Kvalsvig, Michael Baker, Andrew Sporle, Rebecca Bentley, and Barry J Milne
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
BackgroundVery little high quality evidence exists on the causal relationship between income poverty and childhood health. We provide a comprehensive overview of the association between household income poverty and hospitalisations for children.MethodsWe used New Zealand's Integrated Data Infrastructure (IDI) to link income poverty data from the Survey of Family, Income and Employment (SoFIE; n = 21,759 households) and the 2013 New Zealand Census (n = 523,302 households) to publicly funded hospital records of children aged 0-17 (SoFIE: n = 39,459; Census, n = 986,901). Poverty was defined as equivalised household income below 60% of the median income, calculated both before and after housing costs, and using both self-reported and tax-recorded income.ResultsCorrelations for the association between income poverty and hospitalisation were small (ranging from 0.02 to 0.05) and risk ratios were less than 1.35 for all but the rarest outcome-oral health hospitalisation. Weak or absent associations were apparent across age groups, waves of data collection, cumulative effects, and for estimates generated from fixed effects models and random effect models adjusted for age and ethnicity. Alternative measures of deprivation (area-level deprivation and material deprivation) showed stronger associations with hospitalisations (risk ratios ranged from 1.27-2.55) than income-based poverty measures.ConclusionIncome poverty is at best weakly associated with hospitalisation in childhood. Measures of deprivation may have a stronger association. Income measures alone may not be sufficient to capture the diversity of household economic circumstances when assessing the poverty-health relationship.
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- 2021
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14. Māori and the Integrated Data Infrastructure: an assessment of the data system and suggestions to realise Māori data aspirations [Te Māori me te Integrated Data Infrastructure: he aromatawai i te pūnaha raraunga me ngā marohitanga e poipoia ai ngā wawata raraunga Māori]
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Lara M. Greaves, Cinnamon Lindsay Latimer, Emerald Muriwai, Charlotte Moore, Eileen Li, Andrew Sporle, Terryann C. Clark, and Barry J. Milne
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Multidisciplinary - Published
- 2023
15. Re-entrant relaxor ferroelectric behaviour in Nb-doped BiFeO3–BaTiO3 ceramics
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Ziqi Yang, Bing Wang, Thomas Brown, Steven J. Milne, Antonio Feteira, Andreas Wohninsland, K. V. Lalitha, Yizhe Li, and David A. Hall
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Materials Chemistry ,General Chemistry - Abstract
Re-entrant relaxor ferroelectric behaviour is identified in BiFeO3–BaTiO3 ceramics, yielding anomalous thermal variations in structural distortion and functional properties.
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- 2023
16. Does point-of-care ultrasonography improve diagnostic accuracy in emergency department patients with undifferentiated hypotension? An international randomized controlled trial from the SHOC-ED investigators
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M. Peach, J. Milne, L. Diegelmann, H. Lamprecht, M. Stander, D. Lussier, C. Pham, R. Henneberry, J. Fraser, K. Chandra, M. Howlett, J. Mekwan, B. Ramrattan, J. Middleton, N. van Hoving, L. Taylor, T. Dahn, S. Hurley, K. MacSween, L. Richardson, G. Stoica, Samuel Hunter, P. Olszynski, D. Lewis, and P. Atkinson
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Emergency Medicine - Abstract
Point-of-care ultrasonography (POCUS) is an established tool in the management of hypotensive patients in the emergency department (ED). We compared the diagnostic accuracy of a POCUS protocol versus standard assessment without POCUS in patients with undifferentiated hypotension.This was an international, multicenter randomized controlled trial included three EDs in North America and three in South Africa from September 2012 to December 2016. Hypotensive patients were randomized to early POCUS protocol plus standard care (POCUS group) or standard care without POCUS (control group). Initial and secondary diagnoses were recorded at 0 and 60 min. The main outcome was measures of diagnostic accuracy of a POCUS protocol in differentiating between cardiogenic and non-cardiogenic shock. Secondary outcomes were diagnostic performance for shock sub-types, as well as changes in perceived category of shock and overall diagnosis.Follow-up was completed for 270 of 273 patients. For cardiogenic shock, the POCUS-based diagnostic approach (POCUS) performed similarly to the non-POCUS approach (control) for specificity [95.5% (89.9-98.5) vs.93.8% (87.7-97.5)]; positive likelihood ratio (17.92 vs 14.80); negative likelihood ratio (0.21 vs 0.09) and diagnostic odds ratio (85.6 vs 166.57), with a similar overall diagnostic accuracy between the two approaches [93.7% (88-97.2) vs 93.6% (87.8-97.2)]. Diagnostic performance measures were similar across sub-categories of shock.This is the first randomized controlled trial to compare diagnostic performance of a POCUS protocol to standard care without POCUS in undifferentiated hypotensive ED patients. POCUS performed well diagnostically in undifferentiated hypotensive patients, especially as a rule-in test; however, performance did not differ meaningfully from standard assessment.RéSUMé: OBJECTIF: L'échographie au point d'intervention (POCUS) est un outil bien établi dans la gestion des patients hypotendus dans le service des urgences. Nous avons comparé la précision diagnostique d'un protocole POCUS par rapport à une évaluation standard sans POCUS chez des patients présentant une hypotension indifférenciée. MéTHODES: Il s'agissait d'un essai contrôlé randomisé international multicentrique incluant 3 services d'urgence en Amérique du Nord et 3 en Afrique du Sud de septembre 2012 à décembre 2016. Les patients hypotenseurs ont été répartis par randomisation selon le protocole POCUS précoce plus les soins standard (groupe POCUS) ou les soins standard sans POCUS (groupe témoin). Les diagnostics initiaux et secondaires ont été enregistrés à 0 et 60 minutes. Le principal résultat était la mesure de la précision diagnostique d'un protocole POCUS pour différencier le choc cardiogénique du choc non cardiogénique. Les résultats secondaires étaient la performance diagnostique pour les sous-types de chocs, ainsi que les changements dans la perception de la catégorie de choc et du diagnostic global. RéSULTATS: Le suivi a été complété pour 270 des 273 patients. Pour le choc cardiogénique, l'approche diagnostique basée sur le POCUS (POCUS) a donné des résultats similaires à l'approche non-POCUS (Contrôle) pour la spécificité (95,5 % (89,9–98,5) vs 93,8 % (87,7–97,5)) ; Rapport de vraisemblance positif (17,92 vs 14,80) ; Le rapport de vraisemblance négatif (0,21 vs 0,09) et le rapport de cotes diagnostiques (85,6 vs 166,57), avec une précision diagnostique globale similaire entre les deux approches (93,7 % (88–97,2) vs 93,6 % (87,8–97,2). Les mesures de performance diagnostique étaient similaires dans toutes les sous-catégories de choc. CONCLUSION: Il s'agit du premier essai contrôlé randomisé visant à comparer la performance diagnostique d'un protocole POCUS aux soins standard sans POCUS chez des patients hypotendus indifférenciés aux urgences. La POCUS a donné de bons résultats diagnostiques chez les patients hypotendus indifférenciés, surtout en tant que test de référence ; cependant, les performances ne diffèrent pas de manière significative de l'évaluation standard.
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- 2022
17. Use of Population-Level Administrative Data in Developmental Science
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Barry J. Milne, Stephanie D'Souza, Signe Hald Andersen, and Leah S. Richmond-Rakerd
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General Medicine - Abstract
Population-level administrative data—data on individuals’ interactions with administrative systems (e.g., health, criminal justice, and education)—have substantially advanced our understanding of life-course development. In this review, we focus on five areas where research using these data has made significant contributions to developmental science: ( a) understanding small or difficult-to-study populations, ( b) evaluating intergenerational and family influences, ( c) enabling estimation of causal effects through natural experiments and regional comparisons, ( d) identifying individuals at risk for negative developmental outcomes, and ( e) assessing neighborhood and environmental influences. Further advances will be made by linking prospective surveys to administrative data to expand the range of developmental questions that can be tested; supporting efforts to establish new linked administrative data resources, including in developing countries; and conducting cross-national comparisons to test findings’ generalizability. New administrative data initiatives should involve consultation with population subgroups including vulnerable groups, efforts to obtain social license, and strong ethical oversight and governance arrangements.
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- 2022
18. Perceived Emotions of Harmonic Cadences
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Eline A. Smit, Felix A. Dobrowohl, Nora K. Schaal, Andrew J. Milne, and Steffen A. Herff
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Music ,M1-5000 ,Psychology ,BF1-990 - Abstract
Harmonic cadences are chord progressions that play an important structural role in Western classical music – they demarcate musical phrases and contribute to the tonality. This study examines participants’ ratings of the perceived arousal and valence of a variety of harmonic cadences. Manipulations included the type of cadence (authentic, plagal, half, and deceptive), its mode (major or minor), its average pitch height (the transposition of the cadence), the presence of a single tetrad (a dissonant four-tone chord), and the mode (major or minor) of the cadence’s final chord. With the exception of average pitch height, the manipulations had only small effects on arousal. However, the perceived valence of major cadences was substantially higher than for minor cadences, and average pitch had a medium-sized positive effect. Plagal cadences, the inclusion of a tetrad, and ending on a minor chord all had weak negative effects for valence. The present findings are discussed in light of contemporary music theory and music psychology, as knowledge of how specific acoustic components and musical structures impact emotion perception in music is important for performance practice, and music-based therapies.
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- 2020
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19. XronoMorph: Algorithmic Generation of Perfectly Balanced and Well-Formed Rhythms.
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Andrew J. Milne, Steffen A. Herff, David W. Bulger, William A. Sethares, and Roger T. Dean
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- 2016
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20. Perfect Balance: A Novel Principle for the Construction of Musical Scales and Meters.
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Andrew J. Milne, David W. Bulger, Steffen A. Herff, and William A. Sethares
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- 2015
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21. ccKOPLS: Confounder-correcting kernel-based orthogonal projections to latent structures.
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David E. Moore, Kellan A. Fluette, Heather J. Milne, Andrew M. Shedlock, and Paul E. Anderson 0001
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- 2015
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22. Prevalence of Loneliness and Its Association With General and Health-Related Measures of Subjective Well-Being in a Longitudinal Bicultural Cohort of Older Adults in Advanced Age Living in New Zealand: LiLACS NZ
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Roy Lay-Yee, Barry J Milne, Valerie A Wright-St Clair, Joanna Broad, Tim Wilkinson, Martin Connolly, Ruth Teh, Karen Hayman, Marama Muru-Lanning, and Ngaire Kerse
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Cohort Studies ,Aging ,Clinical Psychology ,Social Psychology ,Loneliness ,Prevalence ,Quality of Life ,Humans ,Geriatrics and Gerontology ,Gerontology ,Aged ,New Zealand - Abstract
Objectives There is evidence that loneliness is detrimental to the subjective well-being of older adults. However, little is known on this topic for the cohort of those in advanced age (80 years or older), which today is the fastest-growing age group in the New Zealand population. We examined the relationships between loneliness and selected subjective well-being outcomes over 5 years. Methods We used a regional, bicultural sample of those in advanced age from 2010 to 2015 (Life and Living in Advanced Age: a Cohort Study in New Zealand). The first wave enrolled 937 people (92% of whom were living in the community): 421 Māori (Indigenous New Zealanders aged 80–90 years) and 516 non-Māori aged 85 years. We applied standard regression techniques to baseline data and mixed-effects models to longitudinal data, while adjusting for sociodemographic factors. Results For both Māori and non-Māori, strong negative associations between loneliness and subjective well-being were found at baseline. In longitudinal analyses, we found that loneliness was negatively associated with life satisfaction as well as with mental health-related quality of life. Discussion Our findings of adverse impacts on subjective well-being corroborate other evidence, highlighting loneliness as a prime candidate for intervention—appropriate to cultural context—to improve well-being for adults in advanced age.
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- 2022
23. Maternal mental health and substance use disorders in sudden unexpected death in infancy using routinely collected health data in New Zealand, 2000–2016
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Edwin A Mitchell, Doney Zhang, John M D Thompson, Chris Liu, Alison Leversha, and Barry J Milne
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Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health - Abstract
BackgroundMortality from sudden unexpected death in infancy (SUDI) has declined dramatically since the ‘Back to Sleep’ campaign. Deaths now are more prevalent in those with socioeconomic disadvantage. The investigation of SUDI frequently identifies parents that have mental health or drug, alcohol and addiction problems.AimsTo estimate the prevalence of maternal mental health and substance use disorders and assess the magnitude of their risk for SUDI.MethodsWe conducted a population-based cohort study using data from the Integrated Data Infrastructure (IDI), a large research database containing linked data from a range of government agencies. The study population was all live births and their mothers in New Zealand from 2000 to 2016. The exposures of interest were maternal mental health problems and maternal substance use disorders in the year prior to the birth. The outcome was deaths from SUDI.ResultsThe total population was 1086 504 live births and of these 1078 811 (99.3%) were able to be linked to other data sets within the IDI. The prevalence of maternal mental health problems in the total population was 5.2% and substance use disorder was 0.7%. There were 42 deaths from SUDI (0.75/1000) that were exposed to maternal mental illness and 864 deaths (0.84/1000) that were not exposed (adjusted relative risk (aRR)=1.23, 95% CI 0.90 to 1.68). There were 21 deaths from SUDI (2.67/1000) that were exposed to maternal substance use disorders and 885 (0.83/1000) that were not exposed (aRR=1.82, 95% CI 1.17 to 2.83).ConclusionsMaternal substance use disorders, but not maternal mental health problems, in the year prior to the child’s birth was associated with an increased risk of SUDI. However, the numbers that are affected are small and the effect size moderate. This group of women should receive additional SUDI prevention services and Safe Sleep advice.
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- 2022
24. Longitudinal research in Aotearoa New Zealand using the Integrated Data Infrastructure: a review
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Barry J. Milne
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Multidisciplinary - Published
- 2022
25. Perception of affect in unfamiliar musical chords.
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Eline Adrianne Smit, Andrew J Milne, Roger T Dean, and Gabrielle Weidemann
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
This study investigates the role of extrinsic and intrinsic predictors in the perception of affect in mostly unfamiliar musical chords from the Bohlen-Pierce microtonal tuning system. Extrinsic predictors are derived, in part, from long-term statistical regularities in music; for example, the prevalence of a chord in a corpus of music that is relevant to a participant. Conversely, intrinsic predictors make no use of long-term statistical regularities in music; for example, psychoacoustic features inherent in the music, such as roughness. Two types of affect were measured for each chord: pleasantness/unpleasantness and happiness/sadness. We modelled the data with a number of novel and well-established intrinsic predictors, namely roughness, harmonicity, spectral entropy and average pitch height; and a single extrinsic predictor, 12-TET Dissimilarity, which was estimated by the chord's smallest distance to any 12-tone equally tempered chord. Musical sophistication was modelled as a potential moderator of the above predictors. Two experiments were conducted, each using slightly different tunings of the Bohlen-Pierce musical system: a just intonation version and an equal-tempered version. It was found that, across both tunings and across both affective responses, all the tested intrinsic features and 12-TET Dissimilarity have consistent influences in the expected direction. These results contrast with much current music perception research, which tends to assume the dominance of extrinsic over intrinsic predictors. This study highlights the importance of both intrinsic characteristics of the acoustic signal itself, as well as extrinsic factors, such as 12-TET Dissimilarity, on perception of affect in music.
- Published
- 2019
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26. Structure and dielectric properties of yttrium-doped Ca0.28Ba0.72Nb2O6 ceramics
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Harry Peirson, Juncheng Pan, Yizhe Li, David A. Hall, Andy P. Brown, Rik M. Drummond-Brydson, and Steven J. Milne
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Tungsten-Bronze ,Mechanics of Materials ,Mechanical Engineering ,ferroelectrics ,Materials Chemistry ,Metals and Alloys ,ceramics ,dielectric response - Abstract
An unfilled tungsten bronze-structured ferroelectric ceramic, Ca0.28Ba0.72Nb2O6 (CBN28), has been doped with Y3+ to produce ceramics with a nominal composition, (Ca0.28Ba0.72)1-3w/2YwNb2O6 [0 ≤ w ≤ 0.05]. The substitution of Y3+ for Ca2+/Ba2+, and consequent additional vacancy formation, is assumed to occur on the A1/A2 sites. This resulted in a minor reduction of the c lattice parameter, and unit cell volume. For undoped CBN28, there was a slightly diffuse relative permittivity-temperature (εr-T) peak at 268 ⁰C. The peak became much broader for sample compositions w = 0.04 and 0.05 and the peak temperature showed a level of frequency dependence consistent with weak relaxor behaviour. The polarisation-electric field loops became narrower for samples w = 0.04 and 0.05, corresponding to a reduction in remnant polarisation value, from 2.4 to 0.8 µC cm-2 (30 kV cm-1). The Y doped ceramics exhibited stable relative permittivity over a wide temperature range, the variation being within ± 15% of the median value from 36 ⁰C to 218 ⁰C for w = 0.05, when measured at 1 kHz. Consequently, we suggest that A site donor-doping and aliovalent B site doping of CBN holds potential for industry standard, temperature stable, high temperature dielectrics (ɛr ≥ 500 ± 15% from - 55 to 250+ ⁰C).
- Published
- 2023
27. Computational Creation and Morphing of Multilevel Rhythms by Control of Evenness.
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Andrew J. Milne and Roger T. Dean
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- 2016
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28. Further reductions in the prevalence of obesity in 4-year-old New Zealand children from 2017 to 2019
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Lisa Daniels, Barry J. Taylor, Rachael W. Taylor, Barry J. Milne, Justine Camp, Rose Richards, and Nichola Shackleton
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Nutrition and Dietetics ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Medicine (miscellaneous) - Abstract
Objective To examine whether the prevalence of age- and sex-adjusted BMI at, or above, the 85th, 95th and 99.7th percentiles continues to decline in New Zealand preschool children, over time. Methods As part of a national screening programme, 438,972 New Zealand 4-year-old children had their height and weight measured between 2011 and 2019. Age- and sex-adjusted BMI was calculated using WHO Growth Standards and the prevalence of children at, or above, the 85th, 95th, and 99.7th percentiles and at, or below, the 2nd percentile were determined. Log-binomial models were used to estimate linear time trends of ≥85th, ≥95th and ≥99.7th percentiles for the overall sample and separately by sex, deprivation, ethnicity and urban-rural classification. Results The percentage of children at, or above, the 85th, 95th and 99.7th percentile reduced by 4.9% [95% CI: 4.1%, 5.7%], 3.5% [95% CI: 2.9%, 4.1%], and 0.9% [95% CI: 0.7%, 1.2%], respectively, between ‘2011/12’ and ‘2018/19’. There was evidence of a decreasing linear trend (risk reduction, per year) for the percentage of children ≥85th (risk ratio (RR): 0.980 [95% CI: 0.978, 0.982]), ≥95th (RR: 0.966 [95% CI: 0.962, 0.969]) and ≥99.7th (RR: 0.957 [95% CI: 0.950, 0.964]) percentiles. Downward trends were also evident across all socioeconomic indicators (sex, ethnicity, deprivation, and urban-rural classification), for each of the BMI thresholds. Larger absolute decreases were evident for children residing in the most deprived compared with the least deprived areas, at each BMI threshold. There appeared to be no consistent trend for the percentage of children ≤2nd percentile. Conclusions Reassuringly, continued declines of children with age- and sex-adjusted BMI at, or above, the 85th, 95th and 99.7th percentiles are occurring over time, overall and across all sociodemographic indicators, with little evidence for consistent trends in the prevalence of children at, or below, the 2nd percentile.
- Published
- 2022
29. Atomic-scale observation of solvent reorganization influencing photoinduced structural dynamics in a copper complex photosensitizer
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Tetsuo Katayama, Tae-Kyu Choi, Dmitry Khakhulin, Asmus O. Dohn, Christopher J. Milne, György Vankó, Zoltán Németh, Frederico A. Lima, Jakub Szlachetko, Tokushi Sato, Shunsuke Nozawa, Shin-ichi Adachi, Makina Yabashi, Thomas J. Penfold, Wojciech Gawelda, and Gianluca Levi
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General Chemistry - Abstract
Photochemical reactions in solution are governed by a complex interplay between transient intramolecular electronic and nuclear structural changes and accompanying solvent rearrangements. State-of-the-art time-resolved X-ray solution scattering has emerged in the last decade as a powerful technique to observe solute and solvent motions in real time. However, disentangling solute and solvent dynamics and how they mutually influence each other remains challenging. Here, we simultaneously measure femtosecond X-ray emission and scattering to track both the intramolecular and solvation structural dynamics following photoexcitation of a solvated copper photosensitizer. Quantitative analysis assisted by molecular dynamics simulations reveals a two-step ligand flattening strongly coupled to the solvent reorganization, which conventional optical methods could not discern. First, a ballistic flattening triggers coherent motions of surrounding acetonitrile molecules. In turn, the approach of acetonitrile molecules to the copper atom mediates the decay of intramolecular coherent vibrations and induces a further ligand flattening. These direct structural insights reveal that photoinduced solute and solvent motions can be intimately intertwined, explaining how the key initial steps of light harvesting are affected by the solvent on the atomic time and length scale. Ultimately, this work takes a step forward in understanding the microscopic mechanisms of the bidirectional influence between transient solvent reorganization and photoinduced solute structural dynamics.
- Published
- 2023
30. Ultrafast Energy Transfer from Photoexcited Tryptophan to the Haem in Cytochrome c
- Author
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Camila Bacellar, Jérémy R. Rouxel, Rebecca A. Ingle, Giulia F. Mancini, Dominik Kinschel, Oliviero Cannelli, Yang Zhao, Claudio Cirelli, Gregor Knopp, Jakub Szlachetko, Frederico A. Lima, Samuel Menzi, Dmitry Ozerov, Georgios Pamfilidis, Katharina Kubicek, Dmitry Khakhulin, Wojciech Gawelda, Angel Rodriguez-Fernandez, Mykola Biednov, Christian Bressler, Christopher A. Arrell, Philip J. M. Johnson, Christopher J. Milne, and Majed Chergui
- Subjects
spectroscopy ,picosecond ,fluorescence decay kinetics ,x-ray-absorption ,myoglobin ,long-range electron ,General Materials Science ,transfer rates ,dynamics ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,femtosecond ,electron-transfer reactions - Abstract
We report femtosecond Fe K-edge absorption (XAS) and nonresonant X-ray emission (XES) spectra of ferric cytochrome C (Cyt c) upon excitation of the haem (>300 nm) or mixed excitation of the haem and tryptophan (
- Published
- 2023
31. Ultrafast structural changes direct the first molecular events of vision
- Author
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Thomas Gruhl, Tobias Weinert, Matthew Rodrigues, Christopher J Milne, Giorgia Ortolani, Karol Nass, Eriko Nango, Saumik Sen, Philip J M Johnson, Claudio Cirelli, Antonia Furrer, Sandra Mous, Petr Skopintsev, Daniel James, Florian Dworkowski, Petra Båth, Demet Kekilli, Dmitry Ozerov, Rie Tanaka, Hannah Glover, Camila Bacellar, Steffen Brünle, Cecilia M Casadei, Azeglio D Diethelm, Dardan Gashi, Guillaume Gotthard, Ramon Guixà-González, Yasumasa Joti, Victoria Kabanova, Gregor Knopp, Elena Lesca, Pikyee Ma, Isabelle Martiel, Jonas Mühle, Shigeki Owada, Filip Pamula, Daniel Sarabi, Oliver Tejero, Ching-Ju Tsai, Niranjan Varma, Anna Wach, Sébastien Boutet, Kensuke Tono, Przemyslaw Nogly, Xavier Deupi, So Iwata, Richard Neutze, Jörg Standfuss, Gebhard FX Schertler, and Valerie Panneels
- Subjects
basis-sets ,Multidisciplinary ,software ,energy-storage ,dynamics ,Photobiology ,isomerization ,rhodopsin ,excited-state ,retinal chromophore ,counterion displacement ,Visual system ,crystallography ,X-ray crystallography - Abstract
Vision is initiated by the rhodopsin family of light-sensitive G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). A photon is absorbed by the 11-cis retinal chromophore of rhodopsin, which isomerizes within 200 femtoseconds to the all-trans conformation, thereby initiating the cellular signal transduction processes that ultimately lead to vision. However, the intramolecular mechanism by which the photoactivated retinal induces the activation events inside rhodopsin remains experimentally unclear. Here we use ultrafast time-resolved crystallography at room temperature to determine how an isomerized twisted all-trans retinal stores the photon energy that is required to initiate the protein conformational changes associated with the formation of the G protein-binding signalling state. The distorted retinal at a 1-ps time delay after photoactivation has pulled away from half of its numerous interactions with its binding pocket, and the excess of the photon energy is released through an anisotropic protein breathing motion in the direction of the extracellular space. Notably, the very early structural motions in the protein side chains of rhodopsin appear in regions that are involved in later stages of the conserved class A GPCR activation mechanism. Our study sheds light on the earliest stages of vision in vertebrates and points to fundamental aspects of the molecular mechanisms of agonist-mediated GPCR activation., 視覚に関わるタンパク質の超高速分子動画 --薄暗いところで光を感じる仕組み--. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2023-03-23.
- Published
- 2023
32. On the Roles of Complexity and Symmetry in Cued Tapping of Well-formed Complex Rhythms
- Author
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Roger T. Dean, David Bulger, and Andrew J. Milne
- Subjects
Cued speech ,Tapping ,Statistical physics ,Symmetry (geometry) ,Time series ,Music ,Mathematics - Abstract
Production of relatively few rhythms with non-isochronous beats has been studied. So we assess reproduction of most well-formed looped rhythms comprising K=2-11 cues (a uniform piano tone, indicating where participants should tap) and N=3-13 isochronous pulses (a uniform cymbal). Each rhythm had two different cue interonset intervals. We expected that many of the rhythms would be difficult to tap, because of ambiguous non-isochronous beats and syncopations, and that complexity and asymmetry would predict performance. 111 participants tapped 91 rhythms each heard over 129 pulses, starting as soon as they could. Whereas tap-cue concordance in prior studies was generally >> 90%, here only 52.2% of cues received a temporally congruent tap, and only 63% of taps coincided with a cue. Only −2 ms mean tap asynchrony was observed (whereas for non-musicians this value is usually c. −50 ms). Performances improved as rhythms progressed and were repeated, but precision varied substantially between participants and rhythms. Performances were autoregressive and mixed effects cross-sectional time series analyses retaining the integrity of all the individual time series revealed that performance worsened as complexity features K, N, and cue inter-onset interval entropy increased. Performance worsened with increasing R, the Long: short (L: s) cue interval ratio of each rhythm (indexing both complexity and asymmetry). Rhythm evenness and balance, and whether N was divisible by 2 or 3, were not useful predictors. Tap velocities positively predicted cue fulfilment. Our data indicate that study of a greater diversity of rhythms can broaden our impression of rhythm cognition.
- Published
- 2021
33. Getting the best GRIP on blood pressure control: Investigating a cost-effective isometric handgrip alternative
- Author
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Paula M. van Wyk, Cheri L. McGowan, Jared J. Richards, Phillip D. Levy, Logan Shea, Ian L. Swaine, Kevin J. Milne, Jamie Crawley, and Cayla N. Wood
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Adult ,Blood pressure control ,Alternative methods ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Hand Strength ,business.industry ,Cost-Benefit Analysis ,Health Policy ,Work (physics) ,Blood Pressure ,General Medicine ,Isometric exercise ,World health ,Physical medicine and rehabilitation ,Voluntary contraction ,Blood pressure ,Isometric Contraction ,Hypertension ,Heart rate ,medicine ,Humans ,business - Abstract
Objectives The World Health Organization emphasises the need for cost-effective alternative methods to lower blood pressure (BP). Endorsed nationally in HTN guidelines, isometric handgrip (IHG) training is an alternative method of BP control. The purpose of this study was to compare the BP, heart rate (HR) and rates of perceived exertion (RPE) responses between a bout of IHG training performed using the traditional computerized device and a more affordable, inflatable stress ball. Methods Twenty healthy adults performed one bout (4, 2-min isometric contractions, with 1-min rests between each contraction at 30% maximal voluntary contraction) of IHG training using the traditional computerized device, and one bout with the inflatable stress ball. BP, HR, and RPE were recorded. Results No statistically significant differences between devices were observed with HR, BP, and RPE ( p Discussion The similar cardiovascular and psychophysical responses provide support for the potential use of this low individual- and provider-burden, cost-efficient IHG device, and lay the foundation for a future training study to test the hypothesis of benefit.
- Published
- 2021
34. Pink-beam serial femtosecond crystallography for accurate structure-factor determination at an X-ray free-electron laser
- Author
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Oleksandr Yefanov, A. Tolstikova, Demet Kekilli, Y. Gevorkov, Tobias Weinert, Claudio Cirelli, Camila Bacellar, Isabelle Martiel, Jörg Standfuss, Laura Vera, Dmitry Ozerov, Florian S. N. Dworkowski, Sven Reiche, Daniel James, Christopher J. Milne, Philip J. M. Johnson, Karol Nass, and Gregor Knopp
- Subjects
Diffraction ,serial femtosecond crystallography ,Materials science ,de novo protein structure determination ,Physics::Optics ,single-wavelength anomalous diffraction ,Biochemistry ,law.invention ,law ,ddc:530 ,General Materials Science ,pink beams ,large bandwidths ,Crystallography ,Free-electron laser ,General Chemistry ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Laser ,xfels ,Research Papers ,Phaser ,Synchrotron ,Full width at half maximum ,data-quality indicators ,QD901-999 ,Femtosecond ,Structure factor - Abstract
IUCrJ 8(6), 905 - 920 (2021). doi:10.1107/S2052252521008046, Serial femtosecond crystallography (SFX) at X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) enables essentially radiation-damage-free macromolecular structure determination using microcrystals that are too small for synchrotron studies. However, SFX experiments often require large amounts of sample in order to collect highly redundant data where some of the many stochastic errors can be averaged out to determine accurate structure-factor amplitudes. In this work, the capability of the Swiss X-ray free-electron laser (SwissFEL) was used to generate large-bandwidth X-ray pulses [$����/��$ = 2.2% full width at half-maximum (FWHM)], which were applied in SFX with the aim of improving the partiality of Bragg spots and thus decreasing sample consumption while maintaining the data quality. Sensitive data-quality indicators such as anomalous signal from native thaumatin micro-crystals and de novo phasing results were used to quantify the benefits of using pink X-ray pulses to obtain accurate structure-factor amplitudes. Compared with data measured using the same setup but using X-ray pulses with typical quasi-monochromatic XFEL bandwidth (����/�� = 0.17% FWHM), up to fourfold reduction in the number of indexed diffraction patterns required to obtain similar data quality was achieved. This novel approach, pink-beam SFX, facilitates the yet underutilized de novo structure determination of challenging proteins at XFELs, thereby opening the door to more scientific breakthroughs., Published by Chester
- Published
- 2021
35. Culturing Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Under Serum-Free Conditions
- Author
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Diogo Godoy Zanicotti, Trudy J. Milne, and Dawn E. Coates
- Published
- 2022
36. Quantitative Real-Time Gene Profiling of Human Alveolar Osteoblasts Using a One-Step System
- Author
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Dawn E. Coates, Sobia Zafar, and Trudy J. Milne
- Published
- 2022
37. Quantitative Real-Time Gene Profiling of Human Alveolar Osteoblasts Using a One-Step System
- Author
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Dawn E, Coates, Sobia, Zafar, and Trudy J, Milne
- Subjects
Osteoblasts ,Diphosphonates ,Humans ,Zoledronic Acid ,Polymerase Chain Reaction - Abstract
The use of quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase PCR (qRT
- Published
- 2022
38. Culturing Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Under Serum-Free Conditions
- Author
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Diogo Godoy, Zanicotti, Trudy J, Milne, and Dawn E, Coates
- Subjects
Sheep ,Adipose Tissue ,Stem Cells ,Multipotent Stem Cells ,Adipocytes ,Animals ,Immunologic Tests - Abstract
Growing adipose-derived stem cells (ADSC) in serum-free conditions is important as it represents a way of expanding multipotent cells in a clinical grade medium. Most cultured ADSC are expanded and tested in serum-containing media, which can pose significant health risks if these cells were used in clinical applications. Moreover, cells grown in serum-free conditions behave very different than those cultured in serum-containing media. Here, we present a technique to culture adipose-derived stem cells in serum-free conditions. The methods described in this chapter were optimized for ovine ADSC. The appropriate optimization should be done for other cell lines.
- Published
- 2022
39. Seeds of hope? Exploring business actors’ diverse understandings of sustainable development
- Author
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Christine Byrch, Markus J. Milne, Richard Morgan, Kate Kearins, and Professor Judy Brown, Professor Jesse Dillard and Professor Trevor Hopper
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Demonstration of femtosecond X-ray pump X-ray probe diffraction on protein crystals
- Author
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Nadia L. Opara, Istvan Mohacsi, Mikako Makita, Daniel Castano-Diez, Ana Diaz, Pavle Juranić, May Marsh, Alke Meents, Christopher J. Milne, Aldo Mozzanica, Celestino Padeste, Valérie Panneels, Marcin Sikorski, Sanghoon Song, Henning Stahlberg, Ismo Vartiainen, Laura Vera, Meitian Wang, Philip R. Willmott, and Christian David
- Subjects
Crystallography ,QD901-999 - Abstract
The development of X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) has opened the possibility to investigate the ultrafast dynamics of biomacromolecules using X-ray diffraction. Whereas an increasing number of structures solved by means of serial femtosecond crystallography at XFELs is available, the effect of radiation damage on protein crystals during ultrafast exposures has remained an open question. We used a split-and-delay line based on diffractive X-ray optics at the Linac Coherent Light Source XFEL to investigate the time dependence of X-ray radiation damage to lysozyme crystals. For these tests, crystals were delivered to the X-ray beam using a fixed-target approach. The presented experiments provide probe signals at eight different delay times between 19 and 213 femtoseconds after a single pump event, thereby covering the time-scales relevant for femtosecond serial crystallography. Even though significant impact on the crystals was observed at long time scales after exposure with a single X-ray pulse, the collected diffraction data did not show significant signal reduction that could be assigned to beam damage on the crystals in the sampled time window and resolution range. This observation is in agreement with estimations of the applied radiation dose, which in our experiment was clearly below the values expected to cause damage on the femtosecond time scale. The experiments presented here demonstrate the feasibility of time-resolved pump-multiprobe X-ray diffraction experiments on protein crystals.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. People, Place and Power on the Nineteenth-Century Waterfront: Sailortown
- Author
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Graeme J. Milne and Graeme J. Milne
- Published
- 2016
42. Scratching the Scale Labyrinth.
- Author
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Andrew J. Milne, Martin Carlé, William A. Sethares, Thomas Noll 0002, and Simon Holland
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Hex Player - A Virtual Musical Controller.
- Author
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Andrew J. Milne, Anna Xambó, Robin C. Laney, David B. Sharp, Anthony Prechtl, and Simon Holland
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Core–shell grain structures and ferroelectric properties of Na0.5K0.5NbO3–LiTaO3–BiScO3 piezoelectric ceramics
- Author
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Fangyuan Zhu, Michael B. Ward, Jing-Feng Li, and Steven J. Milne
- Subjects
Core–shell structure ,Lead-free ,NKN-based ,Ferroelectric ,TEM ,Melting ,Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics ,R858-859.7 ,Science (General) ,Q1-390 - Abstract
Legislation arising from health and environmental concerns has intensified research into finding suitable alternatives to lead-based piezoceramics. Recently, solid solutions based on sodium potassium niobate (K,Na)NbO3 (KNN) have become one of the globally-important lead-free counterparts, due to their favourable dielectric and piezoelectric properties. This data article provides information on the ferroelectric properties and core–shell grain structures for the system, (1−y)[(1−x)Na0.5K0.5NbO3 – xLiTaO3] – yBiScO3 (x=0–0.1, y=0.02, abbreviated as KNN–xLT–2BS). We show elemental analysis with aid of TEM spot-EDX to identify three-type grain-types in the KNN–LT–BS ternary system. Melting behaviour has been assessed using a tube furnace with build-in camera. Details for the ferroelectric properties and core–shell chemical segregation are illustrated.
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Expression of the pleiotrophin-midkine axis in a sheep tooth socket model of bone healing
- Author
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Saeideh Nobakht, Trudy J. Milne, Warwick J. Duncan, Anumala Ram, Tatiana Tkatchenko, Zhen Dong, and Dawn E. Coates
- Subjects
Periodontics - Abstract
Resorption of alveolar bone after tooth extraction is a common problem often requiring bone grafting. The success of the grafting procedures is dependent on multiple factors including the presence of growth factors. This is the first in vivo study to investigate the role of the pleiotrophin family of cytokines in alveolar bone regeneration. This research investigated the role of the pleiotrophin-midkine (PTN-MDK) axis during osteogenesis, with and without a grafting material, after tooth extraction in a sheep model.Thirty Romney-cross ewes were anesthetized, and all premolar teeth on the right side were extracted. The sockets were randomized to controls sites with no treatment and test sites with Bio-Oss® graft material and Bio-Gide® membrane. Samples were harvested after sacrificing animals 4, 8, and 16 weeks post-grafting (n = 10 per time-point). Tissue for qRTWithin the healing sockets, high expression of genes for PTN, MDK, NOTCH2, and ALK was found at all time-points and in both grafted and non-grafted sites, while PTPRZ1 was only expressed at low levels. The relative gene expression of the PTN family of cytokines was not statistically different at the three time-points between test and control groups (p .05). Immunohistochemistry found PTN and MDK in association with new bone, NOTCH2 in the connective tissue, and PTPRZ1 and ALK in association with cuboidal osteoblasts involved in bone formation.The PTN-MDK axis was highly expressed in both non-grafted and grafted sockets during osteogenesis in a sheep model of alveolar bone regeneration with no evidence that grafting significantly affected expression. The activation of NOTCH2 and PTPRZ1 receptors may be important during bone regeneration in vivo. The discovery of the PTN-MDK axis as important during alveolar bone regeneration is novel and opens up new avenues of research into these stably expressed highly active cytokines. Growth factor supplementation with PTN and/or MDK during healing may be an approach for enhanced regeneration or to initiate healing where delayed.
- Published
- 2022
46. Regional variation in sudden unexpected death in infancy in New Zealand
- Author
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Edwin A Mitchell, Barry J Taylor, and Barry J Milne
- Subjects
Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health - Abstract
To estimate the relative risk of sudden unexpected death in infancy (SUDI) by district health board (DHB) in New Zealand after adjustment for socio-economic deprivation, ethnicity and other demographic factors.We conducted a population-based cohort study using data from the Integrated Data Infrastructure, a large research database containing linked data from a range of government agencies. The study population was all live births and their mothers in New Zealand from 2012 to 2018. The exposure of interest was DHB. The outcome was SUDI.There were 418 068 live births in New Zealand from 2012 to 2018, and of these 415 401 (99.4%) had valid DHB data. There was considerable variation in the proportion of infants in each DHB living in the most deprived decile varying from 4.5% in Nelson, West Coast and Canterbury to 29.7% in Counties Manukau. There were 267 SUDI cases, giving an overall rate of 0.64/1000 live births during the study period (2012-2018). The SUDI rate varied from 1.11/1000 in Northland to 0.30/1000 in Waitemata and Auckland. Counties Manukau had the largest number of deaths (n = 54; rate = 1.08/1000). Five DHB regions had increased risk of SUDI compared to the reference group but, after adjustment, no DHB was significantly increased.This study found that there is marked variation in SUDI risk by DHB, but this is explained by socio-economic and demographic variation within DHBs. This study emphasises the importance of the contribution of social determinants of health to SUDI.
- Published
- 2022
47. Hospital Cost Savings for Sequential COPD Patients Receiving Domiciliary Nasal High Flow Therapy [Corrigendum]
- Author
-
Richard J Milne, Hans-Ulrich Hockey, and Jeffrey Garrett
- Subjects
General Medicine ,International Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease - Abstract
Milne RJ, Hockey HU, Garrett J. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2022;17:1311-1322. On page 1311: there was an error in the Results section in the Abstract where some text was transposed. The authors apologize for the error. The correct text for the Results section in the Abstract is shown in this corrigendum. Results: Fifty-five of 100 patients in the NHF group and 44 of 100 patients in the control group were admitted to hospital with a respiratory diagnosis during the baseline year. They had 108 admissions in the treatment group vs 89 in the control group, with 632 vs 438 days in hospital, and modeled annual costs of $9443 vs $6512 per patient, respectively. During the study period there were 38 vs 44 patients with 67 vs 80 admissions and 302 vs 526 days in hospital, at a modeled annual cost of $6961 vs $9565 per patient respectively. This resulted in cost savings of $5535 per patient-year (95% CI, -$36 to -$11,034). Taking into account capital expenditure and running costs and with 90% usage over the estimated five-year lifetime of the NHF device, amortized capital costs of $594 per year and annual running costs of $662, we estimate a 5-year undiscounted cost saving per NHF device of $18,626 ($16,934 when discounted to net present value at 5% per annum). There would still be annual cost savings over a wide range of assumptions.
- Published
- 2022
48. Prevalence of antidepressant use and unmedicated depression in pregnant New Zealand women
- Author
-
Barry J. Milne, Charlotte A Svardal, Stephanie D’Souza, Karen E. Waldie, and Susan M. B. Morton
- Subjects
Adult ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Depression, Postpartum ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Pregnancy ,Risk Factors ,Prevalence ,Humans ,Medicine ,Longitudinal Studies ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Depression (differential diagnoses) ,Depression ,business.industry ,Obstetrics ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,Antidepressive Agents ,030227 psychiatry ,Pregnancy Complications ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Increased risk ,Antidepressant ,Antenatal depression ,Female ,business ,New Zealand - Abstract
Background: Throughout pregnancy, women are at an increased risk of depression, with prevalence estimates between 6.5% and 18%. Global prevalence of antenatal antidepressant use is considerably lower at 3%. Objective: The present study determined the proportion of women taking antidepressants across pregnancy in New Zealand. We investigated whether variation exists across age bands, area-level deprivation and ethnicities, and identified how many women experienced unmedicated depression. Method: Antenatal data ( n = 6822) consisted of primarily third-trimester interviews conducted with mothers participating in Growing Up in New Zealand, a longitudinal study investigating child development. Women were asked about their antidepressant intake during pregnancy and assessed on antenatal depression symptoms using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. Antidepressant use data were also compared to population-level data from Statistics New Zealand’s Integrated Data Infrastructure. Results: Antidepressant prevalence across pregnancy was 3.2%, with a 2.7% prevalence in trimester one and 2.6% following the first trimester. There was no significant difference in usage within age bands and area-level deprivation quintiles. Ethnicity-specific data revealed that Pasifika and Asian ethnicities had the lowest antidepressant use, and New Zealand Europeans the highest. The rate of unmedicated depression, where women met the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale criteria for significant depressive symptoms but did not receive antidepressants during pregnancy, was 11.8%, indicating that antenatal depression treatment may be inadequate. Greater rates of unmedicated depression were seen for younger women (⩽24 years), those living in high deprivation areas and mothers of Pasifika, Asian and Māori ethnicities. Conclusions: Antenatal antidepressant use in New Zealand follows global prevalence estimates and highlights possible undertreatment of antenatal depression in New Zealand. Future research including other treatment types (e.g. behavioural therapy) is needed to evaluate whether undertreatment occurs across all treatment options.
- Published
- 2021
49. New high temperature dielectrics: Bi-free tungsten bronze ceramics with stable permittivity over a very wide temperature range
- Author
-
David A. Hall, Zabeada Aslam, Stuart Micklethwaite, Thomas Brown, Thomas E. Hooper, Yizhe Li, Andy Brown, and Steven J. Milne
- Subjects
010302 applied physics ,Permittivity ,Materials science ,Doping ,Analytical chemistry ,Relative permittivity ,chemistry.chemical_element ,02 engineering and technology ,Dielectric ,Atmospheric temperature range ,Tungsten ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,01 natural sciences ,chemistry ,visual_art ,0103 physical sciences ,Materials Chemistry ,Ceramics and Composites ,visual_art.visual_art_medium ,Dielectric loss ,Ceramic ,0210 nano-technology - Abstract
High relative permittivity, er, over a very wide temperature range, −65 °C to 325 °C, is presented for ceramics designed to be compatible with base metal electrode multilayer capacitor manufacturing processes. We report a ≥ 300 °C potential Class II capacitor material, free from Bi or Pb ions, developed by doping Sr2NaNb5O15 with Ca2+, Y3+ and Zr4+ ions, according to the formulation Sr2−2zCazYzNaNb5-zZrzO15. For sample composition z = 0.025, er values are 1565 ± 15 % (1 kHz) from −65 °C to 325 °C. At a slightly higher level of doping, z = 0.05, er values are 1310 ± 10 % from −65 °C to 300 °C. Values of the dielectric loss tangent, tanδ are ≤ 0.025 from −60 °C to 290 °C, for z = 0.025, with tanδ increasing to 0.035 at 325 °C. Microstructural analyses exclude core-shell mechanisms being responsible for the flattening of the er –T response.
- Published
- 2021
50. Evaluative conditioning of responses to unfamiliar chords by exposure to valenced images
- Author
-
Roger T. Dean, Gabrielle Weidemann, Andrew J. Milne, and Eline Adrianne Smit
- Subjects
Perception ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Conditioning ,Psychology (miscellaneous) ,Psychology ,Evaluative conditioning ,humanities ,Music ,media_common ,Cognitive psychology - Abstract
The extent to which emotional responses to musical elements are influenced by their past associations with specific emotional responses is largely unknown. To assess this possibility, the present study tested whether pairing positive, negative, or neutral chords from an unfamiliar musical system (a microtonal Bohlen–Pierce tuning) with positively or negatively valenced pictures would have an effect on subsequent liking ratings. The microtonal chords used in this experiment had been previously rated, independent of any other affective input, in an earlier experiment; this allows us to class each chord as intrinsically positive, negative, or neutral. It was found that exposure with an image increases liking ratings independent of the valence of the images, compared with no exposure which supports a mere exposure effect; but, interestingly, we did not find substantial evidence for evaluative conditioning. Results are discussed in light of theoretical accounts of evaluative conditioning and musical implications.
- Published
- 2021
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