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Tiivistelmä. Tässä kandidaatintyössä vertaillaan Suomen ja Ruotsin eurokoodien soveltamisohjeita kuormien yhdistely- ja suurennuskertoimien osalta sekä tutkitaan, onko materiaalien osavarmuusluvuissa eroavaisuuksia. Työssä paneudutaan lisäksi kevyen liikenteen siltoihin vaikuttaviin kuormiin ja tutkitaan, onko maiden soveltamisohjeiden välillä eroja niiden laskentatavoissa. Suomen ja Ruotsin ollessa hyvin samanlaisia valtioita ilmastoltaan, on mielenkiintoista selvittää maiden tapoja eurokoodien soveltamiseen siltojen suunnittelussa. Lisäksi on mielenkiintoista selvittää, vaikuttavatko Ruotsin hieman vuoristoisemmat maastot tai eteläisempi sijainti soveltamisohjeissa esitettyihin kertoimiin tai laskentatapoihin. Tutkimusmenetelminä toimivat kirjallisuuskatsaus ja vertailu. Kirjallisuuskatsauksessa käydään läpi soveltamisohjeiden mukaisia kertoimia sekä laskentamenetelmiä. Vertailussa käsitellään maiden välisiä eroja ja samankaltaisuuksia edellä mainittujen asioiden osalta ja pohditaan, mistä ne voivat johtua. Vertailussa käy ilmi, että soveltamisohjeiden välillä esiintyy eniten eroavaisuuksia kuormien suurennuskertoimien osalta. Näiden osalta Ruotsissa on käytössä turvallisuusluokat, jotka määräytyvät sillan sortuessa aiheutuvien seuraamusten perusteella. Suomessa noudatetaan eurokoodin mukaisia seuraamusluokkia. Lopuksi lasketaan I-profiiliselle teräspalkille taivutusmomentin käyttöasteet, jolla havainnollistetaan soveltamisohjeiden välisiä eroja ja samankaltaisuuksia. Laskentaesimerkissä käy ilmi, että normaalissa seuraamus- ja turvallisuusluokassa eroa ei synny juuri lainkaan. Korkeimmissa luokissa laskettuna eroa alkaa syntyä. Näitä tutkimustuloksia voidaan hyödyntää esimerkiksi Suomen ja Ruotsin välisessä yhteistyössä tai yhteisissä projekteissa. On myös hyvä kartoittaa sitä, miten Suomen soveltamisohjeet toimivat suunnittelussa suhteessa muiden maiden ohjeisiin. Jatkotutkimuskohteena voisi olla soveltamisohjeiden vertailu muidenkin, kuin pelkästään kevyen liikenteen siltojen näkökulmasta. Esimerkiksi aihetta voisi laajentaa talonrakennuksen puolelle. Lisäksi soveltamisohjeita voisi vertailla muidenkin pohjoismaiden kanssa, jotta asiaan saataisiin lisänäkökulmaa.

Supplementary Figures 1-10 from Impaired SHP2-Mediated Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase Activation Contributes to Gefitinib Sensitivity of Lung Cancer Cells with Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor–Activating Mutations

Bone age assessment (BAA) is mainly utilized for detecting the growth of pediatrics because a large number of bone diseases occur at young age. Several algorithms related to BAAs were used for detecting the maturity of bones, but it does not provide sufficient accuracy, and also increased the error rate. To deal with these problems, the dual-channel capsule generative adversarial network optimized with Golden eagle optimization (GEO) is proposed in this paper for pediatric BAA from hand X-ray image (DCCGAN-GEO-BAA-HX-ray). Initially, the input hand X-ray imageries are collected from the dataset of Radiological Society of North America (RSNA) pediatric bone age (BA). Then, region of interest (RoI) of input hand X-ray imageries is segmented based on Tsallis entropy-based multilevel 3D Otsu thresholding (TE-3D-Otsu). Here, TE-3D-Otsu method segments the RoI region of wrist, thumb, middle finger, little finger, which enhance the classification accuracy. Moreover, the segmented RoI is given to DCCGAN that predicts the BAA. Generally, the DCCGAN does not reveal any adoption of optimization methods to scale the optimum parameters to ensure accurate classification. Therefore, GEO is used for optimizing the weight parameters of DCCGAN. The proposed DCCGAN-GEO-BAA-HX-ray method is executed in MATLAB and its performance is examined under performance metrics such as accuracy, precision, sensitivity, F-scores, specificity, concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) and computational time. Finally, the proposed DCCGAN-GEO-BAA-HX-ray approach attains 14.68%, 7.142%, 9.23% and 4.65% higher accuracy, 38.18%, 12.02%, 11.56% and 7.59% lower computational time is compared with existing FRCNN-AF-SFO-BAA-HX-ray, DCNN-W-CTO-BAA-HX-ray, CNN-MLP-BAA-HX-ray and CNN-BAA-HX-ray methods.

This paper empirically investigates the evolution of the gerund and the present participle in Late Latin, and examines on the basis of this investigation the impact of their morphological merging in Old French on their categorial distinction. The results confirm the standard hypothesis of the evolution in Late Latin, but only partly: they support a specialisation of the gerund in adverbial syntax, but not of the present participle in adjectival syntax. Thus, the gerund shows signs of converbalisation, while the present participle does not undergo a process of participialisation. Like the gerund, the present participle has mostly adverbial syntax, and is as such more converb than participle-like. This similarity between the gerund and the present participle in Late Latin makes that their morphological merging in Old French raises a major issue for their categorial distinction. A considerable number of all Old French ant forms are categorially indeterminate, i.e. not categorisable as gerunds or present participles. This finding leads to the conclusion that the morphological merging of the gerund and the present participle in Old French causes these two forms to merge also on a categorial level. The label proposed for this blend is « -ant form »., Cet article étudie empiriquement l’évolution du gérondif et du participe présent en latin tardif et examine sur la base de cette étude l’impact de leur fusion morphologique en ancien français sur leur distinction catégorielle. Les résultats confirment l’hypothèse standard de l’évolution en latin tardif, mais seulement en partie : ils soutiennent une spécialisation du gérondif dans la syntaxe de l’adverbe, mais pas du participe présent dans celle de l’adjectif. Ainsi, le gérondif montre des signes de converbalisation, alors que le participe présent ne subit pas de processus de participialisation. Comme le gérondif, le participe présent a une syntaxe principalement adverbiale, et ressemble ainsi moins à un participe qu’à un converbe. Cette similitude entre le gérondif et le participe présent en latin tardif fait que leur fusion morphologique en ancien français pose un problème majeur pour leur distinction catégorielle. Un nombre considérable des formes en -ant en ancien français est catégoriellement indéterminée, i.e. non catégorisable comme gérondif ou participe présent. Ce constat amène à conclure que la fusion morphologique du gérondif et du participe présent en ancien français entraine la fusion de ces formes aussi sur le plan catégoriel. L’étiquette proposée pour ce blend est « forme en -ant ».

Ytterbium-doped LiYF4 (Yb:YLF) is a commonly used material for laser applications, as a photon upconversion medium, and for optical refrigeration. As nanocrystals (NCs), the material is also of interest for biological and physical applications. Unfortunately, as with most phosphors, with the reduction in size comes a large reduction of the photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY), which is typically associated with an increase in surface-related PL quenching. Here, we report the synthesis of bipyramidal Yb:YLF NCs with a short axis of similar to 60 nm. We systematically study and remove all sources of PL quenching in these NCs. By chemically removing all traces of water from the reaction mixture, we obtain NCs that exhibit a near-unity PLQY for an Yb3+ concentration below 20%. At higher Yb3+ concentrations, efficient concentration quenching occurs. The surface PL quenching is mitigated by growing an undoped YLF shell around the NC core, resulting in near-unity PLQY values even for fully Yb3+-based LiYbF4 cores. This unambiguously shows that the only remaining quenching sites in core-only Yb:YLF NCs reside on the surface and that concentration quenching is due to energy transfer to the surface. Monte Carlo simulations can reproduce the concentration dependence of the PLQY. Surprisingly, Fo''rster resonance energy transfer does not give satisfactory agreement with the experimental data, whereas nearest-neighbor energy transfer does. This work demonstrates that Yb3+-based nanophosphors can be synthesized with a quality close to that of bulk single crystals. The high Yb3+ concentration in the LiYbF4/LiYF4 core/shell nanocrystals increases the weak Yb3+ absorption, making these materials highly promising for fundamental studies and increasing their effectiveness in bioapplications and optical refrigeration.

Predictive maintenance is required for Induction Motor (IM) to avoid sudden breakdown. In this paper, multimodal sensor data are used for prediction of the rotor slot width variation during runtime of IM. Moreover sensor data are visualized through visual image obtained using Scale Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT) and matching dictionary for various faults in motor such as overload, high speed, Broken Rotor bar (BRB), and unbalance magnetic pull. The multimodal sensor signals data acquired from different parts of three phase induction motor are analysed using various transforms such as Over Complete Rational Dilation Wavelet Transform (ORaDWT), Tuneable Q Wavelet Transform (TQWT), Polynomial Chirplet Transform (PCT) and Dyadic Wavelet Transform (Dyadic WT) for various fault conditions and rotor slot width mentioned during runtime condition of motor. The rotor slot width is predicted using Multiple Linear Regression (MLR), Polynomial Regression (PR), Logistic Regression (LR) and Soft-max Regression (SR) methods through the mean value and energy band of the acquired sensor signal. The Dyadic WT and SR perform better for rotor width prediction. The proposed method such as Dyadic WT and SR provides the prediction accuracy of about 95.2%. From experimental results the rotor slot width expansion more than 2% needs immediate attention to avoid breakdown of motor.

Privacy-preserving biometrics identification has drawn greater attention that efficiently provides secure storage of sensitive information in cloud servers. In this paper, we design a Privacy-Preserving Multi-Biometric Identification (PPMBI) scheme that ensures secure biometric data outsourcing and protects user privacy against higher-level attacks in the cloud. This approach uses a multi-biometric model that integrates the fingerprint and finger vein features to improve data security. Also, we present a weighted sample encryption process and the user profile encryption that controls access of user data and finds a close match for the input query. During the user identification stage, pattern matching and decryption with the minimum distance computation are performed to obtain the index of the user registered in the database. Based on the computed index value, similarity is estimated and outputs the result as identified or denied to the user. Experimental analysis indicates the proposed approach achieves better privacy and resists all possible attacks in the cloud system.

Background and Aim The Global Ulcerative Colitis (UC) Narrative Survey aimed to evaluate the impact of UC, perceptions of UC burden, and management approaches. Here, we present data from patients and physicians in Australia. Methods Surveys, fielded by The Harris Poll, were completed by 215 patients with UC and 90 physicians, between August 2017 and February 2018. Surveys included questions on disease characteristics, impact on life, communication with physicians, and patient knowledge of UC. Results are presented descriptively from all respondents (with no imputation for missing data). Results Based on medication history, 84% of patients had moderate to severe UC. Diagnostic delay was on average 1.9 (SD 5.0) years and 48% of patients had waited ≥1 year for diagnosis. Nearly two‐thirds (65%) of patients considered themselves to be in remission, with 97% also reporting a flare in the past year. The majority (92%) of patients were satisfied with their UC medication and, if their treatment made them feel “good enough,” many (75%) would not consider an alternative. Most (90%) patients were satisfied with communication with their physician; however, only 48% felt comfortable raising emotional concerns. Both patients and physicians desired more time during routine appointments. Patients had gaps in their knowledge of UC, which physicians mostly recognized. Conclusions The Australian survey results highlighted the diagnostic delay and burden of UC patients' experience, gaps in patients' knowledge of UC, and challenges in patient–physician communication. Compared with the overall Global UC Narrative Survey, patients in Australia reported a high burden of disease., The Australia‐specific patient and physician results from the Global Ulcerative Colitis Narrative Survey are reported; they highlight a high disease burden, problems of diagnostic delay, and challenges in patient–physician communication. Pfizer Inc funded editorial support and the study.

The information kept in cloud is greatly sensitive. Security and privacy are two leading issues that often ascend in cloud computing. The objective of the research is to provide security and authentication of cloud data. So, we put forward with a novel decentralized access control scheme aimed at securely storing the data onto the cloud with multiple Key Distribution Center (KDC) based and multi-tier based authentication of user. In conjunction with cryptography to enrich the data security that is to be kept in the cloud we use steganography. In the proposed organization, irrespective of user’s identity the cloud confirms the genuineness of the sequence prior to data storage. Our work likewise has the additional element of access control where just legitimate clients can decrypt the kept data and view the equivalent. The scheme supports multiple writing of data into cloud and multiple reading of information kept in the cloud. As a novelty we have introduced hidden attributes, accordingly the Cloud Service Provider (CSP) along with the KDC is unaware of user details and also a multi-tier based authentication to expand the authentication of user.