Search

Background Surgical approaches to autoimmune thyroid disease are currently hampered by concerns over postoperative complications. Risk profiles and incidences of postoperative complications have not been investigated systematically, and studies with sufficient power to show valid data have not been performed. Methods A prospective multicentre European study was conducted between July 2010 and December 2012. Questionnaires were used to collect data prospectively on patients who had surgery for autoimmune thyroid disease and the findings were compared with those of patients undergoing surgery for multinodular goitre. Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate risk factors for thyroid surgery-specific complications, transient and permanent recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) palsy and hypoparathyroidism. Results Data were available for 22 011 patients, of whom 18 955 were eligible for analysis (2488 who had surgery for autoimmune thyroid disease and 16 467 for multinodular goitre). Surgery for multinodular goitre and that for autoimmune thyroid disease did not differ significantly with regard to general complications. With regard to thyroid surgery-specific complications, the rate of temporary and permanent vocal cord palsy ranged from 2·7 to 6·7 per cent (P = 0·623) and from 0·0 to 1·4 per cent (P = 0·600) respectively, whereas the range for temporary and permanent hypoparathyroidism was 12·9 to 20·0 per cent (P < 0·001) and 0·0 to 7·0 per cent (P < 0·001) respectively. In logistic regression analysis of transient and permanent vocal cord palsy, autoimmune thyroid disease was not an independent risk factor. Autoimmune thyroid disease, extent of thyroid resection, number of identified parathyroid glands and no autotransplantation were identified as independent risk factors for both transient and permanent hypoparathyroidism. Conclusion Surgery for autoimmune thyroid disease is safe in comparison with surgery for multinodular goitre in terms of general complications and RLN palsy. To avoid the increased risk of postoperative hypoparathyroidism, special attention needs to be paid to the parathyroid glands.

Resume Le concept de damage control (DC) se base sur une strategie therapeutique sequentielle visant a privilegier la restauration physiologique sur la reparation anatomique chez des patients polytraumatises hemorragiques dont le pronostic vital est immediatement engage. Initialement decrit sous le nom de damage control surgery (DCS) pour les blesses de guerre presentant des traumatismes abdominaux penetrants hemorragiques, ce concept s’articule en 3 temps : chirurgie de controle lesionnel (hemostase, coprostase), restauration physiologique puis chirurgie de reparation definitive. Ce concept a tres vite ete repris pour la prise en charge reanimatoire sous le nom de damage control resuscitation (DCR) qui designe les modalites de la reanimation hospitaliere conduite chez les patients en etat de choc hemorragique traumatique relevant d’une strategie de damage control (DC). Il repose principalement sur une reanimation hemodynamique specifique et une reanimation hemostatique precoce et agressive visant a lutter precocement contre la triade letale associant coagulopathie, hypothermie et acidose. L’integration des phases reanimatoires et chirurgicales de facon concomitante des l’admission du blesse a conduit au concept appele integrated approach DCR-DCS qui permet de debuter la reanimation hemostatique des l’accueil du blesse ameliorant les conditions physiologiques peroperatoires sans retarder l’acte chirurgical. En constante evolution, ce concept de DC a ete propose egalement des la prise en charge initiale du blesse pour demarrer au plus vite le controle de l’hemorragie et la reanimation hemostatique, realisant le concept de remote DCR (RDCR), mais a aussi ete etendu a la prise en charge radiologique, diagnostique et therapeutique sous le nom de DC radiologique (DCRad). Le DCS ne concerne que les traumatises les plus graves ou les situations d’afflux de blesse, sous peine de risquer d’infliger une surmorbidite non negligeable et inutile a des blesses pouvant etre traites de facon definitive d’emblee. Correctement applique, le DCS permet d’ameliorer significativement le taux de survie des blesses de guerre.

Resume La specificite du damage control au niveau thoracique est l’association de gestes chirurgicaux definitifs et provisoires adaptes aux lesions. Le bilan lesionnel systematique hierarchisant les lesions et leurs traitements constitue le premier temps operatoire. Le packing et la fermeture provisoire ont une place pour les atteintes thoraciques.

Damage control for thoracic trauma combines definitive and temporary surgical gestures specifically adapted to the lesions present. A systematic assessment of all injuries to prioritize the specific lesions and their treatments constitutes the first operative stage. Packing and temporary closure have a place in the care of chest injuries.

Le coup de chaleur d’exercice est une pathologie grave, pouvant être mortelle sans traitement. Sa survenue est la conjonction de plusieurs facteurs, liés à l’individu et l’environnement, dont l’accumulation déclenche un coup de chaleur d’exercice. Parmi ces facteurs, la motivation et certains profils d’ascension thermique à l’effort pourraient constituer de nouvelles pistes. Le traitement est assez standardisé, consistant en l’immersion dans l’eau glacée ou à défaut la plus froide possible, dans un délai de moins de 30 minutes de façon à faire baisser la température corporelle jusqu’à un seuil compris entre 38,6 °C à 38,8 °C. L’exploration du coup de chaleur d’exercice dans le Service de santé des armées français est toujours réalisée au sein des hôpitaux militaires de la plateforme sud.

The aims of this study were to review and quantify the types of anesthetic procedures performed by anesthesiologists assigned to the forward surgical team (FST) deployed in Abidjan, Ivory Coast. The study includes all patients undergoing surgery by the FST from July 2012 through July 2016. The activity was retrospectively analyzed and divided according to demographics, surgical specialties, emergency versus elective surgery, types of anesthetic and post-operative analgesic procedures, and transfusion aspects. Over this period, surgeons performed 1520 operations, 98 % as medical support to the population (MSP). Elective surgery accounted for 96 % of this activity, and emergencies for only 4 %. The main surgical activities were visceral (74 %) and orthopedic (26 %). Anesthetic procedures were general anesthesia for 62 % and locoregional anesthesia in 38 %. Our study showed that the FST contributed to MSP. Anesthetic procedures for MSP required limited resources, standardization of the procedures, and specific skills beyond the original specialties of military anesthesiologists to fulfill the needs of the local population.

Resumen La traqueotomia se define como la abertura de la traquea cervical y la colocacion subsiguiente de una canula. Al contrario que en los paises anglosajones, el termino de traqueostomia se reserva en Francia a la patologia otorrinolaringologica y toracica, y corresponde a la conexion definitiva de la traquea a la piel cervical. La traqueotomia es un procedimiento invasivo que se realiza en alrededor del 10% de los pacientes que reciben ventilacion mecanica en una unidad de reanimacion. Es util cuando la retirada de la ventilacion mecanica resulta dificil o prolongada. Sin embargo, no es la unica estrategia, ya que la ventilacion no invasiva como sustitucion de la ventilacion mecanica ha progresado mucho en los ultimos anos. Dado que no existen pruebas cientificas solidas, las indicaciones y las recomendaciones profesionales son bastante poco especificas, lo que deja un lugar considerable a la decision individual en cada paciente particular. Los resultados de los estudios son bastante contradictorios en ocasiones. A pesar de todo, las recomendaciones recientes indican que una traqueotomia no debe realizarse antes de un plazo de 5-7 dias y que se debe dar prioridad al metodo percutaneo siempre que sea posible. Ademas, durante la retirada de la ventilacion puede que la traqueotomia mejore la comodidad de los pacientes y disminuya las necesidades de sedacion. La mortalidad, la incidencia de las neumopatias adquiridas bajo ventilacion mecanica y la duracion de la hospitalizacion no parecen disminuir con una traqueotomia precoz (

La tracheotomia e definita come l’apertura della trachea cervicale seguita dal posizionamento di una cannula; contrariamente ai paesi anglosassoni, il termine di tracheostomia e in Francia riservato alla patologia otorinolaringoloiatrica e toracica e corrisponde all’abboccamento definitivo della trachea alla cute cervicale. La tracheotomia, procedura invasiva, riguarda circa il 10% dei pazienti sotto ventilazione meccanica in rianimazione. Essa e utile quando lo svezzamento dalla ventilazione meccanica e difficile o prolungato. Tuttavia, non rappresenta l’unica strategia, in quanto il ruolo della ventilazione non invasiva nello svezzamento dalla ventilazione meccanica e molto progredito in questi ultimi anni. Non potendo basarsi su delle prove scientifiche solide, le indicazioni e le raccomandazioni professionali sono assai poco direttive, lasciando uno spazio importante alla decisione individuale al letto del paziente. In effetti, i risultati degli studi forniscono poche informazioni. Questa e la ragione per cui il momento e la tecnica della tracheotomia restano discussi e, a volte, legati alle opinioni. Malgrado cio, nel corso dello svezzamento dalla ventilazione, e probabile che la tracheotomia migliori il comfort dei pazienti e riduca i fabbisogni di sedazione. La mortalita, l’incidenza delle pneumopatie acquisite sotto ventilazione meccanica e la durata di ospedalizzazione non sono ridotte da una tracheotomia precoce (

Les plaies de la face sont un motif frequent de recours au service d’accueil des urgences. Les blocs tronculaires de la face sont des techniques simples, efficaces et a faible risque iatrogene. Ils permettent une anesthesie pour les gestes de petite chirurgie. Nous presentons les techniques d’anesthesie locoregionale de la face retenues par la conference d’experts SFAR — SFMU de 2002: Pratique des anesthesies locales et locoregionales par des medecins non specialises en anesthesie-reanimation, dans le cadre des urgences. Les blocs infra-orbitaires et mentonniers permettent l’anesthesie de la joue, des levres et du menton.

Nicardipine is a commonly used anti-hypertensive drug for acute situations. We report the case of a 55-year-old man with hypoxemic pneumonia, who presented a worsening of his hypoxia secondary to the injection of this calcium channel inhibitor (CCI). This side effect was probably caused by inhibition of hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction. Effects of CCI on pulmonary vessels are well-known. They don't induce clinically relevant hypoxemia in patients without acute pulmonary pathology. This case report shows that nicardipine can severely worsen haematosis of patients with acute hypoxia. CCI should probably not be used in such patients.

Resume Background Les fractures du bassin instable hemodynamiquement sont un defi diagnostique et therapeutique. La prise en charge actuelle repose sur le controle des hemorragies pelviennes en associant la stabilisation osseuse et l’embolisation des arteres pelviennes. La mortalite de ces patients a haut risque depasse cependant les 30 %. Recemment le packing preperitoneal dont le principe hemostatique repose sur le tamponnement de la cavite pelvienne a ete decrit. L’objectif de ce travail est d’evaluer l’interet de cette nouvelle procedure. L’efficacite de l’algorithme standard reposant sur la stabilisation osseuse et l’embolisation est evaluee par l’analyse des traumatismes du bassin chez 200 traumatises graves pris en charge a l’hopital d’instruction des armees Sainte-Anne. Les resultats sont ensuite compares aux donnees de la litterature relatives au packing preperitoneal. Patients et methode Le profil lesionnel, la prise en charge et la morbi-mortalite a ete evaluee chez 200 traumatises graves. Apres une phase de reanimation initiale, les fractures instables du bassin ont ete traitees par la pose d’une ceinture de contention circonferentielle suivie par la pose d’un fixateur externe. Une arteriographie a ete realisee pour tous les patients presentant une hemorragie avec une instabilite hemodynamique persistante. Resultats La moyenne de l’Injury Severity Score (ISS) etait de 31 (4–75). La moyenne du Trauma Related Injury Severity Score (TRISS) etait a 74 % (3–99). La proportion de patients instables hemodynamiquement etait de 47 %. Quinze patients (41 %) presentaient une hemorragie severe. La mediane du nombre de produit sanguin transfuse etait de 10 (4–42). Huit patients (22 %) ont beneficie d’une embolisation. Pour deux patients la reduction du fracas du bassin par la pose d’un fixateur externe a permis d’obtenir l’hemostase definitive. Deux patients ont beneficies d’une laparotomie premiere pour le controle d’un hemoperitoine. Le taux de mortalite du groupe des patients presentant une hemorragie a ete de 33 % (5/15). Discussion Cette mortalite elevee amene a revoir la place de l’embolisation pelvienne en premiere intention. Elle presente des inconvenients tels que son inefficacite sur les saignements veineux, sa disponibilite et la duree de la procedure. Le packing preperitoneal est une alternative chirurgicale rapide et efficace. Elle semble permettre d’ameliorer l’etat hemodynamique des patients et de diminuer significativement le recours a l’embolisation et aux transfusions massives. L’embolisation reste indiquee pour les patients non repondeurs a la chirurgie. La survie n’est cependant pas amelioree de facon significative.

Summary A study of the structure-cytotoxic activity of the acetogenin of Annonaceae, muricatacin 1 , is reported. Indeed, muricatacin 1 has shown promising antitumoral activity. Therefore several 5-hydroxy-4-alkanolides were prepared and then tested against KB and VERO cell lines. A few other analogues were synthesized and tested against both cell lines. Thus this work allowed us to better determine the pharmacophore of the molecule and to propose muricatacin 1 instead of a more complicated acetogenin of Annonaceae as a lead compound in the search for new antineoplastic agents.

Blood transfusion is an aspect of medical care on the battlefield. French assets include: red blood cell units (RBCu), lyophilized plasma (PLYO), fresh whole blood (FWB) but neither fresh-frozen plasma (FFP) nor platelets. French transfusion strategy in military operations follows the evolution of knowledge and resources. We describe the characteristics of the transfusion at the military hospital in Kabul.Retrospective study of records of patients transfused between October 2010 to December 2011 conducted in Kabul from transfusion register. Variables studied were: patient characteristics, biology at admission, type and amount of transfusion products, evolution.One hundred and twenty-six patients were transfused: 49 military (39%) which 22 French soldier (17%), most of time afghan (n=97; 77%), mean age at 24 years old (3-66). Two hundred and seventy-three RBCu from France were transfused and 350 unused were destroyed. Conditions leading to a transfusion were: 76 war wounds (60%), 21 trauma (17%) and 29 other (23%). In the first 24 hours, patients received in mean: two RBCu (0-12), one unit of FWB (0-18) and two PLYO (0-14). PLYO/RBCu ratio was 1/1.6. A massive transfusion (more than 10 RBCu) concerned 9% of patients. Twenty-seven percent of patients received FWB. We note 17 dead people (13.5%).The use of the FWB and PLYO in substitution of FFP and platelets can provide cares of high quality in a logistically constrained context while controlling costs.

Summary Rotaviruses display in vivo a specific tropism for enterocytes of the small intestine. We examined here the infection of cultured human intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cells by rhesus monkey rotavirus (RRV) and human Wa rotavirus. The maximal infection of these cells was obtained when trypsin was present both in the viral inoculum before adsorption to the cells and in the culture medium during the course of cell infection. Since the differentiation process of Caco-2 cells in culture closely mimics in vivo differentiation of enterocytes along the crypt-villus axis, cell infection by RRV and Wa rotavirus was examined as a function of cell differentiation. We showed that RRV and Wa rotavirus can infect equally well both undifferentiated and differentiated Caco-2 cells.

Summary Background The hemodynamically unstable pelvic fracture are a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. The current management is based on the control of pelvic bleeding by combining pelvic ring stabilization and embolization of pelvic arteries. The mortality of these patients, however, exceeds 30%. Recently the preperitoneal packing, based on the hemostatic tamponade of the pelvic cavity has been described. The objective of this study was to evaluate the interest of this new surgical procedure. The effectiveness of the standard algorithm is evaluated by analysis of pelvic injuries in 200 severe trauma treated at the Sainte-Anne Hospital. The results are then compared with literature data on the preperitoneal packing. Patients and methods The profile injury, management and morbidity and mortality was evaluated in 200 polytrauma. After an initial phase of resuscitation, unstable pelvic fractures were treated with a circumferential belt followed by the application of an external fixator. Arteriography was performed for all patients with persistent hemodynamic instability. Results The mean injury severity score (ISS) was 31 (4–75). The mean trauma-related injury severity score (TRISS) was 74% (3–99). The proportion of hemodynamically unstable patients was 47%. Fifteen patients (41%) had severe bleeding. The median number of blood transfusion was 10 (4–42); eight patients (22%) underwent embolization. For two patients, reducing the pelvic fracture with an external fixator resulted in permanent hemostasis. Two patients underwent a laparotomy first, for the control of a hemoperitoneum. The mortality rate of the group of patients with hemorrhage was 33% (5/15). Discussion This high mortality leads to reconsider the place of pelvic embolization as firstline treatment. Some major drawbacks are noted: its effectiveness in treating venous bleeding, availability and duration of the procedure. The preperitoneal packing is a fast and effective surgical alternative. It seems to improve hemodynamic status of patients and significantly reduce the use of embolization and massive transfusion. Embolization is still indicated for patients not responding to surgery. However survival is not significantly improved.

Nicardipine is a commonly used anti-hypertensive drug for acute situations. We report the case of a 55-year-old man with hypoxemic pneumonia, who presented a worsening of his hypoxia secondary to the injection of this calcium channel inhibitor (CCI). This side effect was probably caused by inhibition of hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction. Effects of CCI on pulmonary vessels are well-known. They don't induce clinically relevant hypoxemia in patients without acute pulmonary pathology. This case report shows that nicardipine can severely worsen haematosis of patients with acute hypoxia. CCI should probably not be used in such patients.

The usual Si dopants, B, P, As, and Sb, plus Ge were implanted into thick (400 nm) TiSi 2 layers deposited in an amorphous state by sputtering from a compound target. Samples with the various implants were annealed at temperatures from 300 to 700°C and analyzed both by transmission electron microscopy and secondary ion spectroscopy. The annealed samples display a very large grain size, which complicates the interpretation of the concentration profiles obtained by SIMS. In the case of a high dose of B (1 × 10 16 atoms/cm 2 at least), there is an indication of grain boundary transport occurring mostly in the initial stage of the heat treatments, followed by phenomena dominated by a reduced solubility in the terminal large-grained matrix. With all elements, except Sb, evidence of diffusion is obtained at 400°C. Germanium diffusion is even observed at 300°C.

N and p-Type doping of epitaxially grown Si over the temperature range from 850 C to as low as 550 C was investigated in an atmospheric pressure reactor. P, As, and B could be incorporated into single-crystal silicon at levels exceeding the solid solubility at growth temperatures to levels greater than 1 [times] 10[sup 20]/cm[sup 3]. Remarkably, each of the hydride dopant sources, PH[sub 3], AsH[sub 3], and B[sub 2]H[sub 6], dramatically enhanced the growth rate of Si from dichlorosilane (DCS) at lower temperatures. Such results are unprecedented for the growth of Si from dichlorosilane (DCS) at lower temperature. Such results are unprecedented for the growth of Si from dichlorosilane ((DCS) which has been restricted to higher growth temperatures until recently) and for growth from SiH[sub 4] (which has been practiced over a wide range of temperatures). Growth was carried out primarily from DCS in H[sub 2] carrier gas, although some experiments utilizing SiH[sub 4] were performed, in order to explore the mechanisms responsible for growth rate enhancement of doped films. Instrumental in achieving these results has been the ultraclean, load-locked atmospheric pressure reactor, which permits high-quality epitaxial growth at temperatures no previously obtainable with DCS. Thus utilizing conventional Simore » and dopant sources in an unconventional regime, doping behavior suitable for advanced device structures was obtained.« less

First structural and electrical data are reported for SiGe/Si quantum well structures grown by a new ultra clean low temperature epitaxial deposition process at atmospheric pressure. It is found that the process suppresses the segregation of germanium, possibly by a chemical termination of the surface during the growth. Mutiple-quantum-well structures with controllable well widths and abrupt interfaces have been prepared at temperatures ranging from 550 to 650°C. Magneto-transport measurements of modulation doped quantum wells reveal hole mobilities of 2000 cm2/Vs at 4.2 K at a carrier density of 1.7*1012 cm−2 and a germanium concentration of 18% in the SiGe channel. Resonant tunneling diodes grown by this technique exhibit well resolved regions of negative differential resistance within a very symmetric I-V characteristic.

While dopants implanted in well annealed WSi2 show no lattice diffusion and only limited grain‐boundary diffusion at temperatures up to 900 °C, on the contrary, rapid diffusion is observed at temperatures as low as 300 °C when the implantation takes place in the as‐deposited amorphous silicide. Diffusion appears to be always accompanied by crystallization, although the inverse is not true: in particular, the diffusion of Sb occurs only at temperatures in excess of what is necessary to cause crystallization. The diffusion coefficients vary in reverse proportion to the size of the diffusing atoms, so that approximately equal coefficients for B, P, As, and Sb require respective temperatures of 350, 400, 450, and 500 °C. The diffusion coefficient of As at 500 °C is estimated at 1 × 10−14 cm2 s−1. The apparent activation energy for grain‐boundary diffusion is close to 2.4 eV for P, As, and Sb.

Synopsis A previous study having shown that there was no modification in superficial or deeper hair structure at temperatures below 100 degrees C, the influence of hair-drying conditions on mechanical properties has been examined. The hair speed and hair temperature given by different types of hair-drying equipment were considered and a novel method used each hair as its own control. Stress/strain curves were followed using an electrodynamometer and a range of hair types was considered: normal, grey, denatured, and bleached, the definitions being given by both appearance and the stress/strain curve. In comparison with ultimate structure, mechanical properties were modified at a lower temperature. The stiffness of the hair starts to increase markedly already at 40 degrees C for a drying time of 2 to 3 minutes and this appears.

Synopsis The influence of increasing temperature from 20 to 200 degrees C was studied at the superficial level by electron microscopy and in depth by differential colorimetry and X-ray defraction. The results have been related to moisture content in order to establish the influence of hair-drying treatment which would respect the integrity of the keratin fibre whilst encouraging the deformation of the hair. A critical temperature of 140 degrees C resulted from the studies. Below this temperature little modification of the hair structure was observed which was reversible and linked to the progressive loss of free water. Above 140 degrees C the structural modifications were profound and irreversible. This was accompanied by a change in the appearance of a folding of the cuticle and the gradual disappearance of the scale of the cuticle. After elimination of bound water, a total degradation of the structure was observed around 200 degrees C. From the point of view of these structure studies, a drying temperature of 60 degrees C would appear optimal since a subsequent moisture pick-up is slower, leaving the hair less sensitive to atmospheric humidity variations.

Synopsis Monolayer cultures of human fibroblasts were used both to confirm clinical experiments in which it was found that placental extracts increased the rate of healing and to demonstrate the action on cellular regeneration. The cytotoxic dose of lyophilized extracts from human placentae was first determined and the extracts were then added to culture media at concentrations of 100 to 400 mug/ml. A variable amount of newborn calf serum was used in order to obtain media lacking nutrient substances. The tests were carried out on cells from both young and elderly donors and growth was evaluated by counting cell numbers and by microassay of DNA. A stimulatory action of the placental extracts was only observed on young cells cultivated in deficient culture media and no stimulation could be demonstrated on cells aged in vivo or in vitro. Effets des extraits placentaires sur la croissance des fibroblastes in vitro.

Synopsis The action of butyrylhydroxyproline on the growth rate of fibroblasts in culture as well as their capacity to biosynthesize proteins has been demonstrated. The cellular cultures were carried out on a 'HAM'medium to which was added 10%, 5% or 2% of newborn calf serum. Cellular growth was estimated by numerical counting. The strains used came from human skin (fetus, child, adult) and were put in cell culture in cellular monolayer and used at similar states of subculture. Protein biosynthesis was studied through the incorporation of tritiated L-Proline or tritiated L-Leucine (5 muCi/ml of culture medium), either three days or eight days after reaching confluence. The examined products were: - Butyrylhydroxyproline in solution at 48%; - N-acetylhydroxyproline was used as reference product. After typing the cytotoxicity, the quantities incorporated were as follows: - 10 to 100 pg of pure product for each ml of culture medium for the butmlhydroxyproline; - 17.4 to 500 pg/ml for the N-acetylhydroxyproline. Whatever the applied conditions and the concentrations used, N-acetylhydroxyproline and butyrylhydroxyproline have no significant action on cellular growth. On the other hand, the authors showed an action of the above two products on the total protein bicp synthesis. Three to five days after reaching confluence, the lipacide and the N-acetyl- hydroxyproline provoked an increase (up to 120%) of the protein biosynthesis compared to the control. This action appeared when small doses were involved (10 to 20 pghol) and increased with concentration.

Synopsis Using high performance liquid chromatography the presence of natural oestrogen traces in aqueous placenta extracts of human origin has been demonstrated. This study, corroborated by results obtained by colorimetric dosage and by gaseous phase chromatography, reveals the preponderance of oestriol, which represents 80% of all the oestrogens. In all the extracts studied, oestriol concentration was not more than 100 degrees per litre of extract. This quantity of oestrogen contained in human placenta extracts of the Filatov type, even in wide cutaneous applications, cannot influence the subject's hormonal balance.

Synopsis Antielastase activity of derivatives like 'propionylaminoacid'(C(3) prolin, C(3) hydroxyprolin, C(3) collagen) was examined for pancreatic elastase, and fibroblastic elastase production. Essential metabolic variations of normal dermal fibroblasts were evaluated: adhesion, proliferation capacity, total protein biosynthesis and collagen type I and type III production. Possible other factors such as cellular nutrients were examined by oxygen consumption evaluation. Propionylaminoacid derivatives have antielastase activities. Pancreatic elastase showed dose related inhibition (20% to 50% inhibition for concentration from 5 to 80 mg ml(-1). Moreover, fibroblastic elastase production was inhibited, cellular respiration was enhanced. A very good tolerance in vitro was observed for concentration 0-1 mg ml(-1) range: adhesion, proliferation capacity and collagen (type I and type III) production were not altered, and oxygen consumption was enhanced.

Dopants, mostly boron, but also arsenic and antimony, implanted in unannealed WSi2 films prepared by chemical vapor deposition diffuse quite readily at temperatures as low as 600°C. Complete homogenization in layers 200 nm thick is obtained at that temperature in periods of time less than 24 h. These results can be attributed to the large density of grain boundaries in layers that are initially amorphous and crystalline during the course of the diffusion annealings. They are in sharp contrast to what is observed when the layers are annealed at high temperature to cause grain growth and stabilization of the silicide structure prior to implantation. The dopants then are largely immobile not only at 600°C, but even during prolonged oxidation procedures at 800°C. Similar low temperature diffusion of boron in WSi2 had been observed earlier in bilayers of polysilicon and WSi2, but it is only presently that one is aware of the huge difference in diffusion behaviors between annealed and unannealed silicide layers.

Synopsis Antielastase activity of derivatives like ‘propionylaminoacid’(C3 prolin, C3 hydroxyprolin, C3 collagen) was examined for pancreatic elastase, and fibroblastic elastase production. Essential metabolic variations of normal dermal fibroblasts were evaluated: adhesion, proliferation capacity, total protein biosynthesis and collagen type I and type III production. Possible other factors such as cellular nutrients were examined by oxygen consumption evaluation. Propionylaminoacid derivatives have antielastase activities. Pancreatic elastase showed dose related inhibition (20% to 50% inhibition for concentration from 5 to 80 mg ml−1. Moreover, fibroblastic elastase production was inhibited, cellular respiration was enhanced. A very good tolerance in vitro was observed for concentration 0–1 mg ml−1 range: adhesion, proliferation capacity and collagen (type I and type III) production were not altered, and oxygen consumption was enhanced. Resume Les auteurs ont etudie l'activite antielastasique de trois derives du type propionylaminoacide: C3 proline, C3 hydroxyproline, C3 collagene, en presence d'elastase pancreatique mais aussi vis a vis de la production de l'elastase fibroblastique. Par ailleurs, ils ont examine les possibles modifications des parametres metaboliques essentiels des fibroblastes dermiques humains normaux a savoir: l'adhesion, la proliferation, le niveau de biosynthese des proteines totales, la production de collagene de type I et III. Enfin ils ont recherche une eventuelle activite en tant que nutriment cellulaire par evaluation de l'augmentation de la consommation d'oxygene. Les derives propionylaminoacide etudies sont tres fortement antielastasiques. Ils inhibent l'elastase pancreatique de facon dose-dependante de 20 a 50% pour des concentrations variant de 0.5 a 8%. Ils inhibent en outre la production d'elastase fibroblastique. On peut considerer qu'ils presentent une excellente tolerance in vitroa des concentrations elevees de l'ordre du mg ml-1 puisqu'ils ne modifient pas les autres parametres du metabolisme fibroblastique tels que l'adhesion, la proliferation et la production de collagene de type I et III. En revanche ils provoquent une nette stimulation de la respiration cellulaire.

Synopsis The normal dermal human fibroblastic cell (NDHF) was used to determine a cellular ageing pattern. Cells were cultured in monolayers until the 30th passage. First of all, the following cell growth characteristics were studied: growth rate, fluorimetric DNA determination, DNA repair after UV irradiation. Secondly, metabolism characteristics were examined: lysosomal enzymatic activity and type I and III collagen biosynthesis. Strains were obtained from 10,30,43 and 69-year-old donors to favour a comparison between in vitro and in vivo ageing. Cell growth ability is modified in vitro only for the oldest strain which shows a significant decrease in the cellular density at the 30th passage. The DNA rate and its repairing ability are not changed by in vitro ageing whatever the strain age. Lysosomal activity increases during in vitro ageing whereas the collagen I synthesis decreases. In vitro proliferating potentialities do not reflect in vivo ageing. On the other hand, in this study, metabolic potentialities evolve in the same way in vitro as in vivo and could be a good enough pattern to select anti-ageing products. Resume Les auteurs ont choisi de travailler sur le fibroblaste dermique humain normal (FDHN) pour determiner un modele de vieillissement cellulaire. Les cultures monocouches ont ete conduites jusqu'au trentieme repiquage et les parametres examines etaient d'une part, les caracteristiques de la proliferation cellulaire: courbes de croissance, dosage d'ADN, reparation de l'ADN sous l'effet de radiations UV, d'autre part des caracteristiques metaboliques telles que l'activite d'une enzyme lysosomiale et la biosynthese des collagenes I et III. Les souches utilisees provenaient de donneurs d'age croissant (10,30,43,69 ans) permettant ainsi la comparaison entre le vieillissement in vivo et in vitro. On constate que la capacite de proliferation n'est modifiee in vitro que pour la souche la plus agee avec une diminution tres nette de la densite cellulaire finale. Le taux d'ADN et sa faculte de reparation ne sont pas modifies par le vieillissement in vitro quel que soit l'age de la souche. L'activite lysosomiale est augmentee au cours du vieillissement in vitro alors que la synthese du collagene I est dimunuee. Les potentialites proliferatives in vitro ne sont pas le reflet du vieillissement in vivo. En revanche, les potentialites metaboliques etudiees ici evoluent dans le měme sens in vivo et in vitro et pourraient representer un assez bon modele pour la selection des actifs anti-vieillissement.

Resume La cosmetologie est maintenant devenue une discipline scientifique a part entiere. Elle s'appuie sur une demarche et des experimentations rigoureuses ayant pour objet de demontrer l'efficacite des produits testes dans 2 grands domaines: la protection active de la peau ou la relance par stimulation du metabolisme cutane. Les composants du lait, secretion naturelle utilisee en cosmetologie depuis l'antiquite, repondent dans de nombreux domaines aux besoins de la cosmetologie. Les proteines du lait sont a meme de constituer des principes actifs hydratants; elles peuvent egalement se substituer aux tensio-actifs de synthese dans l'elaboration des shampooings. De plus, celles comportant une fraction glycosylee pourraient etre largement utilisees dans tous les produits de lutte contre le vieillissement cutane. Enfin, la lactoferrine, du fait de sa capacite a chelater le fer, serait a meme de prevenir le developpement de radicaux libres decoulant de l'exposition solaire. S'ils peuvent etre separes et purifies a des couts acceptables, les composants de la membrane des globules gras du lait pourraient trouver egalement de larges debouches en cosmetologie, que ce soit en tant que principes actifs ou pour la realisation de systemes nanovesiculaires (liposomes).

Ge segregation at SiGe/Si heterointerfaces has been studied for films deposited by atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition (APCVD), ultrahigh vacuum CVD (UHV/CVD) and molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). Profiles were taken by secondary‐ion‐mass‐spectroscopy (SIMS) of samples grown with these techniques at the same growth temperatures and Ge concentrations. The MBE grown profiles are dominated by segregation of Ge into the Si top layer in the temperature range from 450 to 800 °C. SiGe/Si interfaces deposited by UHV/CVD at elevated temperatures are smeared, but at 515 °C and below the interfaces are abrupt within the resolution of the SIMS. Heterostructures grown by APCVD show abrupt interfaces and no indication of Ge segregation in the investigated temperature range from 600 to 800 °C. Surface passivation by hydrogen appears to be responsible for the suppression of the Ge segregation in CVD processes.

Arsenic doping of epitaxial grown Si over the temperature range from 850 °C to 550 °C was investigated in an ultraclean atmospheric‐pressure chemical vapor deposition reactor. Growth was carried out from dichlorosilane (DCS) in H2 carrier gas. Arsenic could be incorporated into single crystal silicon at levels approaching 10 at. %. Carrier concentrations exceeding 1×1020/cm3 were obtained for the as‐grown films. The material remained single‐crystalline, as measured by ion channeling and cross‐section transmission electron microscopy, and exhibited excellent surface morphology with no Hillock formation observed. AsH3 dramatically enhanced the growth rate of Si at lower temperatures.

Upon completion of the second year of this contract, we have delivered the next generation of polymer/metal composite, optimum paste H, to Endicott. We have done preliminary flip-chip type bonding at Universal Instruments, working closely with their personnel to enhance their equipment set and process. We have also shown that a PMC bond can withstand over 40% strain without effecting its electrical and mechanical properties. This resilience of the conductive polymer paste both under electrical and mechanical behavior, is a strong indication of the applicability of the material for Flip Chip Attach to organic laminates. We have also confirmed during this phase of the Contract that the Optimum Paste H can be processed and applied under normal ambient conditions, without special precautions of low temperature or inert atmospheres, a property which sets our system apart from many other commercial pastes. We would also like to remark the achievement of optimized paste properties and how these properties address the mayor issues and requirements for flip attach applications, in Table I and II of this report. Use of the PMC to build interposer for chip-testing. Due to the high electrical conductivity of the PMC, a process was developed to use a thin film layer of the paste applied to a metal cathode of an electrochemical cell, to build fully metallized thru hole arrays containing a given C-4 chip foot print. This array interposers can be used for chip test (known-good-chip) applications. This process will be described in detail at the Year-End Review Meeting in Binghanton.

The production of superoxide anions (superoxide) from alveolar macrophages stimulated or not with opsonized zymosan was investigated in the mouse after acute oral administration of alcohol (6.5 g/kg). Superoxide production was assayed using a nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) reduction and chemiluminescence assay. In the absence of opsonized zymosan, superoxide concentration was not affected 1 h after ethanol treatment but was significantly increased 15 and 24 h after treatment. In the presence of opsonized zymosan, a biphasic response was observed. Superoxide production was significantly reduced 1 and 3 h after administration but was increased 15 and 24 h after treatment. One hour after treatment, the percentage of cells that phagocytized opsonized zymosan and reduced NBT was significantly decreased, whereas 24 h after alcohol treatment, phagocytosis was normal and the percentage of cells reducing NBT was significantly increased. The activity of cytosolic superoxide dismutase from alveolar macrophages was not altered 1 h after administration but was significantly reduced 24 h later. Considering the functions of alveolar macrophages in the defense of the lung, these alterations in the production of reactive oxygen species after ingestion of alcohol could explain why alcoholics are more sensitive to pulmonary infections. J. Leukoc. Biol. 53: 93–98; 1993.

Collagen enjoys a privileged position as a biomaterial in its cosmetic applications. It exists under different forms and is more particularly able to reticulate. The process which is used allows a modulated reticulation. This means that a collagenous matrix having a varying degree of solubility can be obtained, which can lend itself to different applications. The prilling technique consists in producing microspheres consisting of a more or less reticulated collagenous matrix being able or not to imprison an insoluble or lipophilic active substance having previously been incorporated in the original solution. In this way, it is possible to obtain either strongly reticulated and mechanically resistant microspheres of particles which dissolve when crushed. The cosmetic significance of these new products is connected with the biocompatibility characteristics of the collagenous material and with the characteristics relating to the modulated reticulation of the obtained product.