60 results on '"Ivan Spina"'
Search Results
2. Electrochemical Cell Loss Minimization in Modular Multilevel Converters Based on Half-Bridge Modules
- Author
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Gianluca Brando, Efstratios Chatzinikolaou, Dan Rogers, and Ivan Spina
- Subjects
lithium batteries ,los minimization ,Modular Multilevel Converters ,optimization methods ,Technology - Abstract
In the developing context of distributed generation and flexible smart grids, in order to realize electrochemical storage systems, Modular Multilevel Converters (MMCs) represent an interesting alternative to the more traditional Voltage Source Inverters (VSIs). This paper presents a novel analytical investigation of electrochemical cell power losses in MMCs and their dependence on the injected common mode voltage. Steady-state cell losses are calculated under Nearest Level Control (NLC) modulation for MMCs equipped with a large number of half-bridge modules, each directly connected to an elementary electrochemical cell. The total cell losses of both a Single Star MMC (SS-MMC) and a Double Star MMC (DS MMC) are derived and compared to the loss of a VSI working under the same conditions. An optimum common mode voltage injection law is developed, leading to the minimum cell losses possible. In the worst case, it achieves a 17.5% reduction in cell losses compared to conventional injection laws. The analysis is experimentally validated using a laboratory prototype set-up based on a two-arm SS-MMC with 12 modules per arm. The experimental results are within 2.5% of the analytical models for all cases considered.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Performance Analysis of a Full Order Sensorless Control Adaptive Observer for Doubly-Fed Induction Generator in Grid Connected Operation
- Author
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Gianluca Brando, Adolfo Dannier, and Ivan Spina
- Subjects
doubly-fed induction generator ,wind power system ,sensorless control ,full order observer ,field oriented control ,grid connected system ,Technology - Abstract
This paper focuses on the performance analysis of a sensorless control for a Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) in grid-connected operation for turbine-based wind generation systems. With reference to a conventional stator flux based Field Oriented Control (FOC), a full-order adaptive observer is implemented and a criterion to calculate the observer gain matrix is provided. The observer provides the estimated stator flux and an estimation of the rotor position is also obtained through the measurements of stator and rotor phase currents. Due to parameter inaccuracy, the rotor position estimation is affected by an error. As a novelty of the discussed approach, the rotor position estimation error is considered as an additional machine parameter, and an error tracking procedure is envisioned in order to track the DFIG rotor position with better accuracy. In particular, an adaptive law based on the Lyapunov theory is implemented for the tracking of the rotor position estimation error, and a current injection strategy is developed in order to ensure the necessary tracking sensitivity around zero rotor voltages. The roughly evaluated rotor position can be corrected by means of the tracked rotor position estimation error, so that the corrected rotor position is sent to the FOC for the necessary rotating coordinate transformation. An extensive experimental analysis is carried out on an 11 kW, 4 poles, 400 V/50 Hz induction machine testifying the quality of the sensorless control.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Optimized Adaptive Perturb and Observe Maximum Power Point Tracking Control for Photovoltaic Generation
- Author
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Luigi Piegari, Renato Rizzo, Ivan Spina, and Pietro Tricoli
- Subjects
Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) ,Perturb & Observe (P&O) ,photovoltaic generation ,push-pull converter ,Technology - Abstract
The power extracted from PV arrays is usually maximized using maximum power point tracking algorithms. One of the most widely used techniques is the perturb & observe algorithm, which periodically perturbs the operating point of the PV array, sometime with an adaptive perturbation step, and compares the PV power before and after the perturbation. This paper analyses the most suitable perturbation step to optimize maximum power point tracking performance and suggests a design criterion to select the parameters of the controller. Using this proposed adaptive step, the MPPT perturb & observe algorithm achieves an excellent dynamic response by adapting the perturbation step to the actual operating conditions of the PV array. The proposed algorithm has been validated and tested in a laboratory using a dual input inductor push-pull converter. This particular converter topology is an efficient interface to boost the low voltage of PV arrays and effectively control the power flow when input or output voltages are variable. The experimental results have proved the superiority of the proposed algorithm in comparison of traditional perturb & observe and incremental conductance techniques.
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- 2015
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5. An Innovative Reconfigurable Integrated Converter Topology Suitable for Distributed Generation
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Renato Rizzo, Ivan Spina, and Pietro Tricoli
- Subjects
distributed generation ,microgrids ,photovoltaic panels ,switching power converters ,single inductor dual output converters. ,Technology - Abstract
The electricity market and environmental concerns, with wide utilization of renewable sources, have improved the diffusion of distributed generation units changing the operations of distribution grids from passive networks to microgrids. A microgrid includes a cluster of electrical loads, energy storage devices and microsources, which provide both power and heat to their local area. A microgrid has usually one connection point to the utility grid through power electronic converters placed at customers’ sites. This paper analyses a Reconfigurable Integrated Converter (RIC) used for a domestic microgrid with inputs from the AC mains and photovoltaic arrays, and two DC outputs at different voltage levels. A RIC as a dual-boost DC-DC converter is proposed, modelled and analysed in the paper. The advantages of such a topology in comparison with traditional boost converters are outlined. Reported simulations results give evidence on the controllability of this converter and the capability of achieving the desired voltage outputs with reduced ripple.
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
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6. Integrated BMS-MMC Balancing Technique Highlighted by a Novel Space-Vector Based Approach for BEVs Application
- Author
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Gianluca Brando, Adolfo Dannier, Ivan Spina, and Pietro Tricoli
- Subjects
electric vehicles (EV) ,modular multilevel converters (MMCs) ,state-of-charge balancing ,traction drives ,battery management system (BMS) ,lithium-ion cells ,Technology - Abstract
This paper proposes a new mathematical model of modular multilevel converters for battery electric vehicles with space-vectors enabling a critical analysis of cell balancing for the battery management system. In particular, the requirements for power balancing and the actual number of degrees of freedom of the control are investigated. The paper shows that the traditional approach of cell balancing is a special case of the proposed control methodology. Numerical analyses with Matlab/Simulink™ highlight the reasons of the slow response of the standard balancing technique for specific operating conditions of the battery electric vehicle. The paper suggests potential improvements that could be introduced through the proposed generalised approach.
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- 2017
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7. Perturb and Observe Control for an Embedded Point Pivoted Absorber
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Gianluca Brando, Domenico Pietro Coiro, Marino Coppola, Adolfo Dannier, Andrea Del Pizzo, and Ivan Spina
- Subjects
wave energy converter (WEC) ,scale model ,marine ,perturb and observe (P& ,Q) ,maximum power point tracking (MPPT) ,Technology - Abstract
Marine energy sources represent an attractive and inexhaustible reservoir able to contribute to the fulfillment of the world energy demand in accordance with climate/energy regulatory frameworks. Wave energy converter (WEC) integration into the main grid requires both the maximization of the harvested energy and the proper management of the generation variability. The present paper focuses on both these mentioned issues. More specifically, it presents an embedded point pivoted absorber (PPA) and its related control strategy aimed at maximizing the harvested energy. Experimental and numerical investigations have been carried out in a wave/towing tank facility in order to derive the design characteristics of the full-scale model and demonstrate the validity and effectiveness of the proposed control strategy.
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- 2016
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8. Control and Modulation Techniques for a Centralized PV Generation System Grid Connected via an Interleaved Inverter
- Author
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Gianluca Brando, Adolfo Dannier, Andrea Del Pizzo, and Ivan Spina
- Subjects
interleaved inverter ,MPPT algorithm ,space vector modulation ,hysteresis control ,Technology ,Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ,TA1-2040 ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 ,Physics ,QC1-999 ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
In the context of grid connected photovoitaic (PV) generation systems, there are two paramount aspects regarding the Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) of the photovoltaic units and the continuity of the service. The most diffused MPPT algorithms are based on either perturb and observe, or on an incremental conductance approach and need both PV current and voltage measurements. Several topology reconfigurable converters are also associated with the PV plants, guaranteeing fault-tolerant features. The generation continuity can also be assured by interleaved inverters, which keep the system operating at reduced maximum power in case of failure. In this paper, an evolution of a hysteresis based MPPT algorithm is presented, based on the measurement of only one voltage, together with a novel space vector modulation suitable for a two-channel three-phase grid connected interleaved inverter. The proposed MMPT algorithm and modulation technique are tested by means of several numerical analyses on a PV generation system of about 200 kW maximum power. The results testify the validity of the proposed strategies, showing good performance, even during a fault occurrence and in the presence of deep shading conditions.
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- 2016
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9. A Variational Approach to MTPA Control of Induction Motor for EVs Range Optimization.
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Ciro Attaianese, Mauro Di Monaco, Ivan Spina, and Giuseppe Tomasso
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- 2020
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10. Maximum Power per Ampere Modulation for Cascaded H-Bridge Converters
- Author
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Efstratios Chatzinikolaou, Yam P. Siwakoti, Ivan Spina, Daniel J. Rogers, and Gianluca Brando
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Battery (electricity) ,0906 Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Maximum power principle ,Control theory ,Computer science ,Modulation index ,Energy Engineering and Power Technology ,Power factor ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Converters ,H bridge ,Energy storage ,Voltage - Abstract
This paper shows how to exploit the degree of freedom represented by the common-mode voltage, which is inherent in three-phase Cascaded H-Bridge (CHB) converters, to minimize the total Root Mean Square (RMS) current value of the distributed dc sources. An optimal common-mode voltage injection law is derived, constituting a Maximum Power Per Ampere (MPPA) modulation strategy with respect to the currents of the dc sources. The potential benefits introduced by the proposed algorithm are analyzed in the context of battery-fed CHB converters and validated experimentally with a three-time-constant Randles model of a battery cell. The MPPA strategy is compared with traditional common-mode voltage injection methods, and battery loss reduction is demonstrated. The obtained battery energy saving is dependent on the converter modulation index and power factor. Experimental tests on a 36-cell full-bridge CHB converter validates the simulation and numerical derivation. To demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed method in practical applications, a 3 MW Energy Storage System (ESS) and a 110 kW Battery Electric Vehicle (BEV) undergoing standard drive cycles are presented as case studies. Compared to traditional modulation strategies, the MPPA strategy reduces the battery losses by up to 10.9% in the ESS and 27.5% in the BEV application.
- Published
- 2023
11. Simplified Optimum Control Method for Monoinverter Dual Parallel PMSM Drive.
- Author
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Gianluca Brando, Luigi Piegari, and Ivan Spina
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
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12. Propulsion System Based on the NPC Multi-Source Inverter for Battery Hybrid Trams: Experimental Validation
- Author
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Emanuele Fedele, Diego Iannuzzi, and Ivan Spina
- Published
- 2023
13. Mathematical Model of a PM Brushless Motor with Different Stator-Rotor Pole Pairs Number.
- Author
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Luigi Pio Di Noia, Ivan Spina, Renato Rizzo, and Diego La Cascia
- Published
- 2013
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14. A Novel Fuel Cell-Based Power System Modeling Approach.
- Author
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Renato Rizzo, Ivan Spina, Valeria Boscaino, Rosario Miceli, and Giuseppe Capponi
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- 2013
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15. Controlled Fault-Tolerant Power Converters for Power Quality Enhancement.
- Author
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Luigi Pio Di Noia, Ivan Spina, Fabio Genduso, and Rosario Miceli
- Published
- 2013
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16. Comparison of energy management control strategy based on wayside ESS for LRV application.
- Author
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Flavio Ciccarelli, Diego Iannuzzi, and Ivan Spina
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- 2013
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17. Simplified low-cost experimental setup for battery loss evaluation in MMC converters
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Ivan Spina, Emanuele Fedele, and Andrea Cervone
- Published
- 2022
18. Semi-Two-Stage Traction System based on the NPC Multisource Inverter for Tram Vehicles with Onboard Supercapacitors
- Author
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Emanuele Fedele, Diego Iannuzzi, and Ivan Spina
- Published
- 2022
19. A Variational Approach to MTPA Control of Induction Motor for EVs Range Optimization
- Author
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Mauro Di Monaco, Ivan Spina, C. Attaianese, Giuseppe Tomasso, Attaianese, Ciro, Di Monaco, Mauro, Spina, Ivan, and Tomasso, Giuseppe
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MTPA control ,business.product_category ,Steady state (electronics) ,Computer Networks and Communications ,Computer science ,Powertrain ,Stator ,Electric vehicle, induction motor, vectorial control, MTPA control, calculus of variations ,calculus of variations ,Aerospace Engineering ,Context (language use) ,Electric vehicle ,induction motor ,vectorial control ,law.invention ,Control theory ,law ,Automotive Engineering ,Torque ,Transient (oscillation) ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,business ,Induction motor - Abstract
The paper presents a control strategy for induction motor which optimizes both efficiency and torque response in both transient and steady state. In the context of vectorial control of induction motor, the optimum problem is defined according to the calculus of variations for a given step change of the reference torque. This allows finding the closed-form analytical solution of the current reference trajectories which minimize the amplitude of the stator current. Simulation and experimental results confirm the validity of the proposed approach that allows getting significant improvements in the drive efficiency. As a consequence, if the induction motor is used in the powertrain of an electric vehicle, the proposed control strategy can determine an increase of the range per charge, as demonstrated by the analysis of a case study.
- Published
- 2020
20. Energy saving in Battery Electric Vehicles equipped with Induction Machines and Modular Multilevel Converters
- Author
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Andrea Cervone and Ivan Spina
- Subjects
Battery (electricity) ,Vector control ,Maximum power principle ,Computer science ,Powertrain ,Rotor (electric) ,law ,Stator ,Automotive engineering ,Induction motor ,Voltage ,law.invention - Abstract
This paper presents a detailed analysis of the energy saving in battery electric vehicles (BEV) equipped with an induction motor (IM) and modular multilevel converter (MMC) when their control methods are both optimized with respect to the energy losses. Specifically, the IM is driven according to a modified Field Oriented Control (FOC) which guarantees the Maximum Torque Per Ampere (MTPA) both during steady-state and transient operations. This strategy is aimed at the minimization of the stator energy losses and also determines a decrease of the rotor and iron losses. The MMC, based on battery-supplied half-bridge modules, is controlled with a Maximum Power Per Ampere (MPPA) strategy, obtained by the injection of an optimum common-mode voltage. This approach guarantees the minimization of the battery energy losses and, moreover, also reduces the converter switching losses. The whole powertrain is designed and tested during the Worldwide harmonized Light vehicles Test Procedure (WLTP) and the energy saving is quantified in comparison with traditional control methods.
- Published
- 2021
21. A Full Order Sensorless Control Adaptive Observer for Doubly-Fed Induction Generator
- Author
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Adolfo Dannier, Gianluca Brando, Ivan Spina, Adolfo Dannier, Gianluca Brando, Ivan Spina, Dannier, Adolfo, Brando, Gianluca, and Spina, Ivan
- Subjects
Vector control ,Wind power ,business.industry ,Stator ,Rotor (electric) ,Computer science ,Numerical analysis ,Rotors, Doubly fed induction generators, Observers, Stator windings, Sensorless control ,Context (language use) ,Turbine ,law.invention ,Control theory ,Position (vector) ,law ,business - Abstract
This paper presents a sensorless control for a Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) in the context of grid-connected turbine-based wind generation systems. The paper proposes a full order adaptive observer able to track with excellent accuracy the DFIG rotor position even in presence of significant parameters deviations. The developed adaptive observer is coupled with a traditional stator flux based Field Oriented Control (FOC). The novel approach has been validated by an extensive numerical analysis.
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- 2019
22. Two‐phase high‐performance control of a reliable stand‐alone induction generator
- Author
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Ivan Spina, Davide Lauria, Andrea Del Pizzo, Luigi Pio Di Noia, Gianluca Brando, Brando, Gianluca, DEL PIZZO, Andrea, DI NOIA, LUIGI PIO, Lauria, Davide, and Spina, Ivan
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Computer science ,020209 energy ,020208 electrical & electronic engineering ,Automatic frequency control ,Induction generator ,02 engineering and technology ,LC circuit ,Prime mover ,Control theory ,Robustness (computer science) ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Voltage regulation ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Machine control ,Voltage - Abstract
The study presents a significant development of an advanced control strategy for stand-alone three-phase induction generators. The system under study consists of a squirrel-cage induction generator driven mechanically by an internal combustion engine and electrically by a fault-tolerant converter coupled with a LC filter. As a novelty, in this study three low-cost electrical contactors are introduced in order to re-arrange the converter topology after a fault occurrence and a proper re-starting procedure is developed, allowing the converter to operate with only two legs. The control architecture is mainly described with respect to this last operating condition, evidencing its intrinsic robustness. The study focuses on the composite control of the converter and the prime mover in order to improve the dynamic assessment of the whole system. The converter control is designed around the sliding mode technique, due to its attractive performance, especially as far as parameter uncertainties are concerned. In order to validate the theoretical framework, this study presents the first ever made experimental tests of this system with reference to a generation unit of about 10 kVA. The results confirm the high capability of the proposed system in regulating voltage and frequency with very good dynamic features.
- Published
- 2017
23. Sizing Procedure of PMSMs for Hybrid Parallel Aircraft Propulsion
- Author
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Adolfo Dannier, Andrea Del Pizzo, Luigi Pio Di Noia, Ivan Spina, Dannier, A., Pizzo, A. D., Pio Di Noia, L., and Spina, I.
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010302 applied physics ,Electric motor ,Motor power ,medicine.medical_treatment ,020208 electrical & electronic engineering ,Evolutionary algorithm ,02 engineering and technology ,Traction (orthopedics) ,Propulsion ,01 natural sciences ,Finite element method ,Automotive engineering ,Sizing ,Quantitative Biology::Subcellular Processes ,Non-gradient Optimization ,Magnet ,Permanent Magnet Motor ,0103 physical sciences ,Aircraft Propulsion ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,medicine ,Hybrid Drive - Abstract
The aim of the paper is to present an optimized procedure for the preliminary sizing of permanent magnet motors used for the hybrid parallel propulsion of passengers aircrafts. The procedure is finalized to obtain high values of the motor power density and is carried out by means of a non-gradient approach with evolutionary algorithm integrated with magnetic and thermal finite element analyses. The target of the procedure is the achievement of a preliminary sizing of the motor suitable for the aircraft propulsion, starting from motors usually employed in other traction applications. Some numerical results are discussed in the paper with reference to significant case studies.
- Published
- 2019
24. Current waveforms distribution among electrochemical cells of Modular Multilevel Converters in Battery Electric Vehicles
- Author
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Andrea Del Pizzo, Ivan Spina, Marino Coppola, Del PIzzo, A., Coppola, M., and Spina, I.
- Subjects
Battery (electricity) ,business.industry ,Computer science ,020208 electrical & electronic engineering ,Battery Electric Vehicle ,Electrical engineering ,Context (language use) ,Topology (electrical circuits) ,02 engineering and technology ,Converters ,AC power ,Modular design ,State of charge ,Modular Multilevel Converter ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Voltage Source Inverter ,Voltage source ,business - Abstract
In the context of Battery Electric Vehicles, conventional Voltage Source Inverters (VSI) have been associated with several types of Battery Management System, mainly to balance the state of charge of electrochemical cells and extend their lifetime. Modular Multilevel Converters (MMC) with embedded elementary cells represent a valid alternative, thanks to the possibility of integrating the balancing functionality, ensuring a negligible harmonic content of the output currents and reducing the ringing phenomenon. On the other hand, the MMC topology exposes the cells to a different current waveform, increasing the cells losses in comparison with VSI solutions. This paper analyzes how the cells current waveforms of a MMC topology produce an unbalanced distribution of active power among the cells and evaluates their loss increase with respect to VSI configurations.
- Published
- 2018
25. Performance Analysis of a Full Order Sensorless Control Adaptive Observer for Doubly-Fed Induction Generator in Grid Connected Operation
- Author
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Adolfo Dannier, Ivan Spina, Gianluca Brando, Brando, G., Dannier, A., and Spina, I.
- Subjects
Lyapunov function ,Control and Optimization ,Observer (quantum physics) ,Computer science ,Stator ,Energy Engineering and Power Technology ,Flux ,full order observer ,lcsh:Technology ,Turbine ,law.invention ,symbols.namesake ,Control theory ,law ,Position (vector) ,sensorless control ,Sensitivity (control systems) ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,doubly-fed induction generator ,wind power system ,field oriented control ,grid connected system ,Engineering (miscellaneous) ,Vector control ,Wind power ,lcsh:T ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,business.industry ,Rotor (electric) ,symbols ,business ,Energy (miscellaneous) - Abstract
This paper focuses on the performance analysis of a sensorless control for a Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) in grid-connected operation for turbine-based wind generation systems. With reference to a conventional stator flux based Field Oriented Control (FOC), a full-order adaptive observer is implemented and a criterion to calculate the observer gain matrix is provided. The observer provides the estimated stator flux and an estimation of the rotor position is also obtained through the measurements of stator and rotor phase currents. Due to parameter inaccuracy, the rotor position estimation is affected by an error. As a novelty of the discussed approach, the rotor position estimation error is considered as an additional machine parameter, and an error tracking procedure is envisioned in order to track the DFIG rotor position with better accuracy. In particular, an adaptive law based on the Lyapunov theory is implemented for the tracking of the rotor position estimation error, and a current injection strategy is developed in order to ensure the necessary tracking sensitivity around zero rotor voltages. The roughly evaluated rotor position can be corrected by means of the tracked rotor position estimation error, so that the corrected rotor position is sent to the FOC for the necessary rotating coordinate transformation. An extensive experimental analysis is carried out on an 11 kW, 4 poles, 400 V/50 Hz induction machine testifying the quality of the sensorless control.
- Published
- 2021
26. High frequency converter topologies suitable for more electric aircraft
- Author
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Giovanni Susinni, Angelo Raciti, Ivan Spina, Gianluca Brando, Santi Agatino Rizzo, Adolfo Dannier, Dannier, A., Brando, G., Spina, I., Raciti, A., Rizzo, S. A., and Susinni, G.
- Subjects
010302 applied physics ,Aircraft application ,Computer science ,business.industry ,020208 electrical & electronic engineering ,GaN (Gallium Nitride) ,ComputerApplications_COMPUTERSINOTHERSYSTEMS ,Topology (electrical circuits) ,02 engineering and technology ,Network topology ,Converter topologie ,01 natural sciences ,Reliability engineering ,SiC (Silicon Carbide) ,Electrification ,Reliability (semiconductor) ,Aerospace electronics ,0103 physical sciences ,High frequency converter ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Power semiconductor device ,Converter device ,Electric aircraft ,Aerospace ,business - Abstract
In the last years the aerospace industry has put a growing effort to develop on-board electrification. The difficulties, which have emerged to implement the transition to the future aircraft, concern above all the constraints to be respected for aircraft applications (reliability, small size, reduced maintenance time, etc.). The present paper proposes to analyze and discuss the power devices and suitable converter topologies that bring the requirements of the airborne applications, especially devoted to match with the reliability and performance issues.
- Published
- 2018
27. A Constrained Optimal Model Predictive Control for Mono Inverter Dual Parallel PMSM Drives
- Author
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Ivan Spina, Rosario Miceli, Renato Rizzo, L. P. Di Noia, A. Cervone, Cervone, A., Di Noia, L. P., Rizzo, R., Spina, I., and Miceli, R.
- Subjects
Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,Computer science ,AC drive ,020209 energy ,020208 electrical & electronic engineering ,Constrained optimization ,Energy Engineering and Power Technology ,02 engineering and technology ,Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine ,Converters ,Power (physics) ,Reduction (complexity) ,Model predictive control ,Control theory ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Overhead (computing) ,Inverter ,Transient (oscillation) ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Dual motor ,Model Predictive Control - Abstract
The actual trends in the design of AC drives are directed to the reduction of the total weight, volume and cost. Usually, this implies the necessity to adopt new motor topologies and converter architectures. An important role is played by the mono-inverter dual parallel motor (MIDP), which gives the possibility to reduce the total weight and costs of power converters. This paper proposes a novel model predictive control algorithm in order to improve the transient performances of a MIDP used for an overhead carrier. The effectiveness of the proposal control is verified through some numerical simulations.
- Published
- 2018
28. A Novel Current References Limitation Strategy in Mono-Inverter Dual PMSM Drives
- Author
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Andrea Cervone, Ivan Spina, Renato Rizzo, L. P. Di Noia, Cervone, Andrea, Di Noia, L. P., Rizzo, R., and Spina, I.
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Permanent magnet synchronous motor ,Aircraft propulsion ,Computer science ,Mechanical Engineering ,020208 electrical & electronic engineering ,Energy Engineering and Power Technology ,Limitation strategy ,Active Damping ,02 engineering and technology ,Propulsion ,Dual (category theory) ,Parallel motor drive ,Reliability (semiconductor) ,Control theory ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Inverter ,020201 artificial intelligence & image processing ,Transient (oscillation) ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Current (fluid) ,Permanent magnet motor - Abstract
The increase of electrical drives power density and reliability allows the possibility to develop an all-electric propulsion systems for the aircraft. A configuration based on a mono-inverter dual-parallel (MIDP) permanent magnet synchronous motors could be suitable in order to reduce the cost and the weight of the propulsion systems. This paper proposes a novel current references limitation strategy to improve the overall dynamic behaviour of the system during transient operations, without the worsening of oscillations damping. The effectiveness of the proposed solution is demonstrated through numerical simulations.
- Published
- 2018
29. Battery losses in a MMC for BEVS application
- Author
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Gianluca Brando, Diego Iannuzzi, Ivan Spina, Adolfo Dannier, Dannier, A., Brando, G., Spina, I., and Iannuzzi, D.
- Subjects
Battery (electricity) ,Computer science ,020209 energy ,020208 electrical & electronic engineering ,Battery cell ,02 engineering and technology ,Automotive engineering ,DC-linked voltage ,Battery losse ,Electrical vehicles ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,CMMC topology ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,BMS - Abstract
Objective:This paper analyses the Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC) topology, where each individual Sub Module (SM), in half bridge configuration, is directly fed by an elementary electrochemical cell.Methods:The aim is to investigate how the reference voltages influence the cells currents waveforms, determining how the active powers and the losses are distributed among the cells. Considering a 2-level Voltage Source Inverter (VSI) topology working in the same conditions, the ratio between the MMC total cells losses and VSI total cells losses is calculated. After showing the system architecture and mathematical model, the cells current waveform investigation is presented and detailed both for triangular and sinusoidal voltage reference waveform.Results:Finally, the results are critically discussed with particular focus on the comparison between the MMC and the VSI topologies.
- Published
- 2018
30. High-Speed Machines: Typologies, Standards, and Operation under PWM Supply
- Author
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Vincenzo Castiglia, Vito Giuseppe Monopoli, Gianluca Brando, Antonino Oscar Di Tommaso, C. Nevoloso, Rosario Miceli, Ivan Spina, Giuseppe Schettino, Riccardo Leuzzi, Andrea Del Pizzo, Adolfo Dannier, Francesco Cupertino, Leuzzi, Riccardo, Monopoli, Vito Giuseppe, Cupertino, Francesco, Brando, Gianluca, Dannier, Adolfo, Spina, Ivan, Pizzo, Andrea Del, Tommaso, Antonino Oscar Di, Castiglia, Vincenzo, Schettino, Giuseppe, Nevoloso, Claudio, Miceli, Rosario, Leuzzi, R., Monopoli, V. G., Cupertino, F., Brando, G., Dannier, A., Spina, I., Pizzo, A. D., Tommaso, A. O. D., Castiglia, V., Schettino, G., Nevoloso, C., and Miceli, R.
- Subjects
High-speed machines ,Control and Optimization ,Computer science ,Computer Networks and Communications ,Automotive industry ,Energy Engineering and Power Technology ,02 engineering and technology ,Settore ING-IND/32 - Convertitori, Macchine E Azionamenti Elettrici ,High-frequency converters ,01 natural sciences ,Automotive engineering ,Reliability (semiconductor) ,Insulation system ,Partial discharge ,0103 physical sciences ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,010302 applied physics ,business.industry ,020208 electrical & electronic engineering ,Converters ,Insulation ageing ,Computer Networks and Communication ,Electromagnetic coil ,High-speed machine ,Pulse-width modulation ,business ,High-frequency converter ,Induction motor ,Voltage - Abstract
This paper presents an overview of the most recent state of the art in the field of high-speed electric machines fed through high-frequency converters. This type of systems is rapidly wide spreading in aeronautical and automotive applications, as well as microturbines. Each typology has its own advantages and downsides, which are analytically presented in this paper. Some types of high-speed electric machines require high-frequency voltage supply, highly stressing the dielectric materials of the winding insulation system. For this reason, in high-speed electric drives, premature failure may occur and a reduction of the total system reliability has been observed in the past years. Such issues are comprehensively investigated in this paper.
- Published
- 2018
31. Simplified Optimum Control Method for Monoinverter Dual Parallel PMSM Drive
- Author
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Ivan Spina, Luigi Piegari, Gianluca Brando, Brando, Gianluca, Piegari, Luigi, and Spina, Ivan
- Subjects
Test bench ,elettrici ,Computer science ,permanent magnet motor ,020208 electrical & electronic engineering ,monoinverter dual parallel (MIDP) motor drive ,02 engineering and technology ,Traction motor ,Dual (category theory) ,Maximum torque per ampere (MTPA), monoinverter dual parallel (MIDP) motor drive, permanent magnet motor, simplified control strategy, elettrici ,Maximum torque per ampere (MTPA) ,Control theory ,Control and Systems Engineering ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Inverter ,020201 artificial intelligence & image processing ,simplified control strategy ,Transient (oscillation) ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Synchronous motor ,Induction motor - Abstract
This paper proposes a simplified optimum control strategy for a monoinverter dual parallel (MIDP) permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM). With reference to the parallel PMSM unified model, two different auxiliary conditions are investigated. The first minimizes the supplied inverter current, and the second maximizes the motor's efficiency. Their formal expressions are derived by the introduction of three new normalized variables, linked to the load conditions. Thus, the optimum tracking considerations are general, and the parameters are independent. Simplified closed analytical forms are found for the optimum tracking, independently under steady-state and transient conditions. The selection of the best solution is then found via a parameter independent look-up table, and imposed through a closed-loop control diagram. The proposed control is compared to the present state of the art via experiments on a 1400-W MIDP PMSM test bench, showing an equivalent performance, with a lower computational burden.
- Published
- 2018
32. Generalised look‐up table concept for direct torque control in induction drives with multilevel inverters
- Author
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Andrea Del Pizzo, Renato Rizzo, Gianluca Brando, Adolfo Dannier, Ivan Spina, Brando, Gianluca, Dannier, Adolfo, DEL PIZZO, Andrea, Rizzo, Renato, and Spina, Ivan
- Subjects
Engineering ,business.industry ,Ripple ,Control engineering ,Direct torque control ,Control theory ,Lookup table ,Inverter ,Torque ,Transient (oscillation) ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,business ,Induction motor ,Voltage - Abstract
This study deals with direct torque control (DTC) of induction motor drives when a multilevel inverter is involved. The proposed control technique is finalised to reduce the amplitude of torque oscillations and to improve the motor dynamic response regardless of operating speed conditions while assuring a satisfactory input current distortion. This is achieved by using a special look-up-table built with a novel approach. The control itself is based on the application in each sampling interval of one or two voltage vectors suitably selected, in order to ensure low electromagnetic torque ripple in steady-state operations and fast dynamic behaviour in transient operations. In the algorithm, the converter voltage vectors selection is carried out by using a novel look-up table whose entry points are computed by means of a specialised relation, starting from the outputs of multilevel hysteresis controllers. The suggested method, suitable for a generic multilevel inverter, is detailed for a neutral point clamped three-level inverter. The proposed algorithm is validated by several numerical results, and compared with a DTC algorithm based on a traditional three-speed range look-up tables. Finally, some experimental results, obtained with a scale laboratory setup, are shown, discussed and compared with the numerical ones.
- Published
- 2015
33. Optimized Adaptive Perturb and Observe Maximum Power Point Tracking Control for Photovoltaic Generation
- Author
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Renato Rizzo, Pietro Tricoli, Ivan Spina, Luigi Piegari, Piegari, Luigi, Rizzo, Renato, Spina, Ivan, and Tricoli, Pietro
- Subjects
Engineering ,Control and Optimization ,Energy Engineering and Power Technology ,Perturbation (astronomy) ,push-pull converter ,Inductor ,lcsh:Technology ,Maximum power point tracking ,Perturb & Observe (P&O) ,jel:Q40 ,Control theory ,jel:Q ,jel:Q43 ,jel:Q42 ,jel:Q41 ,Electronic engineering ,jel:Q48 ,Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) ,Perturb & Observe (P&O); photovoltaic generation ,jel:Q47 ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Engineering (miscellaneous) ,jel:Q49 ,Push–pull converter ,Operating point ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,business.industry ,lcsh:T ,Computer Science (all) ,Photovoltaic system ,jel:Q0 ,jel:Q4 ,business ,Low voltage ,Energy (miscellaneous) ,Voltage ,photovoltaic generation - Abstract
The power extracted from PV arrays is usually maximized using maximum power point tracking algorithms. One of the most widely used techniques is the perturb &, observe algorithm, which periodically perturbs the operating point of the PV array, sometime with an adaptive perturbation step, and compares the PV power before and after the perturbation. This paper analyses the most suitable perturbation step to optimize maximum power point tracking performance and suggests a design criterion to select the parameters of the controller. Using this proposed adaptive step, the MPPT perturb &, observe algorithm achieves an excellent dynamic response by adapting the perturbation step to the actual operating conditions of the PV array. The proposed algorithm has been validated and tested in a laboratory using a dual input inductor push-pull converter. This particular converter topology is an efficient interface to boost the low voltage of PV arrays and effectively control the power flow when input or output voltages are variable. The experimental results have proved the superiority of the proposed algorithm in comparison of traditional perturb &, observe and incremental conductance techniques.
- Published
- 2015
34. Quick and high performance direct power control for multilevel voltage source rectifiers
- Author
-
Gianluca Brando, A. Del Pizzo, Adolfo Dannier, L. P. Di Noia, Ivan Spina, Brando, Gianluca, Dannier, Adolfo, DEL PIZZO, Andrea, DI NOIA, LUIGI PIO, and Spina, Ivan
- Subjects
Engineering ,Operating point ,business.industry ,Energy Engineering and Power Technology ,Converters ,Power (physics) ,Direct torque control ,Control theory ,Lookup table ,Voltage source ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,business ,Power control ,Voltage - Abstract
The paper deals with the control of three-phase voltage source rectifiers (VSRs) with an arbitrary number of voltage levels. By means of an approach borrowed from the “Direct Torque Control” of AC drives, the paper presents an enhanced direct power control (DPC) strategy for VSRs which directly controls both active (P) and reactive (Q) line power by considering the values of their time derivatives. This control strategy can be applied both to the Neutral Point Clamped and to Cascaded H-bridge multilevel converters. In every sampling interval the proposed control technique is able to select the most suitable converter voltage vector to obtain good dynamic response and to maintain P and Q within their respective reference bands. This result is achieved in the different operating conditions by means of a Dynamic Look-Up Table (D-LUT) of the converter voltage vectors, which are ordered on the basis of their influence on P and Q time derivatives. The mentioned D-LUT depends on the instantaneous operating point and is not predetermined. Some significant operating conditions are numerically investigated in order to show the capability of the modified DPC technique to ensure good values of power quality indexes for the grid. Experimental results on a laboratory setup based on a three-level VSR show good accordance with the simulation ones.
- Published
- 2015
35. Sensorless control of single-inverter dual-motor ac brushless drives
- Author
-
A. Del Pizzo, Andrea Cervone, Gianluca Brando, Ivan Spina, Brando, G., Cervone, A., Del Pizzo, A., and Spina, I.
- Subjects
Engineering ,Control and Optimization ,Vector control ,Rotor (electric) ,business.industry ,Mechanical Engineering ,Control engineering ,Sensorless control ,Multi-motor drive ,law.invention ,Traction motor ,PM drive ,Dual motor drive ,Direct torque control ,Control theory ,law ,Torque ,Brushed DC electric motor ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,business ,Synchronous motor ,Induction motor - Abstract
The paper deals with the vector control of two surface-mounted permanent-magnet (PM) synchronous-motors in configuration “single-inverter dual-motor”, operating also with unbalanced loads. Since this structure is justified by the objective of obtaining low cost drives, a low computation burden sensorless method is proposed in order to further reduce the system complexity. A very simple algorithm for position/speed estimation coupled with a hybrid adaptive Phase-Locked Loop is indeed sufficient to achieve satisfactory results also in heavy transient operations. Furthermore, a novel control strategy is conceived with reference to an “equivalent” motor, whose rotor position is the average of the separately evaluated positions of the two PM motors. The proposed control technique is validated by an extensive numerical campaign.
- Published
- 2017
36. A voltage divider strategy for reducing the hot spot temperature in partially shaded solar panels
- Author
-
Ivan Spina, Ilaria Matacena, Marino Coppola, Santolo Daliento, Pierluigi Guerriero, Guerriero, P., Coppola, M., Spina, I., Matacena, I., and Daliento, S.
- Subjects
Engineering ,partial shading ,Silicon ,Energy Engineering and Power Technology ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Hot spot (veterinary medicine) ,02 engineering and technology ,01 natural sciences ,Operation mode ,hot spot ,0103 physical sciences ,MOSFET ,Solar cable ,Power MOSFET ,010302 applied physics ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,business.industry ,Voltage divider ,Electrical engineering ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Active bypa ,chemistry ,Optoelectronics ,0210 nano-technology ,business ,Photovoltaic ,Voltage - Abstract
Over-temperature occurring in silicon solar panels, subject to partial shadowing, are reduced by means of a series connected voltage divider which sustains part of the reverse voltage developing across the shaded solar cells. The circuit is based on a power MOSFET which is driven by the output voltage of the solar panel. When the solar panel is uniformly illuminated the MOSFET is in the ON state and does not affect the operation of the module, while, when the solar panel is partially shaded, and the output voltage decreases, the MOSFET enters in the pinch-off operation mode, thus subtracting its voltage from the reverse voltage across the shaded cell. Experiments performed on a commercial solar panel showed one third of reduction of the reverse voltage across shaded solar cells, with a reduction of the hot spot temperature of about 25°C.
- Published
- 2017
37. Integrated BMS-MMC Balancing Technique Highlighted by a Novel Space-Vector Based Approach for BEVs Application
- Author
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Ivan Spina, Pietro Tricoli, Adolfo Dannier, Gianluca Brando, Brando, Gianluca, Dannier, Adolfo, Spina, Ivan, and Tricoli, Pietro
- Subjects
Battery (electricity) ,Engineering ,Lithium-ion cell ,Modular multilevel converters (MMCs) ,Control and Optimization ,020209 energy ,Energy Engineering and Power Technology ,02 engineering and technology ,Degrees of freedom (mechanics) ,lcsh:Technology ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Battery electric vehicle ,Battery management system (BMS) ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Special case ,MATLAB ,Engineering (miscellaneous) ,computer.programming_language ,Electric vehicles (EV) ,electric vehicles (EV) ,modular multilevel converters (MMCs) ,state-of-charge balancing ,traction drives ,battery management system (BMS) ,lithium-ion cells ,lcsh:T ,business.industry ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,020208 electrical & electronic engineering ,Computer Science (all) ,Control engineering ,Converters ,Modular design ,Traction drive ,State-of-charge balancing ,business ,computer ,Space vector ,Energy (miscellaneous) - Abstract
This paper proposes a new mathematical model of modular multilevel converters for battery electric vehicles with space-vectors enabling a critical analysis of cell balancing for the battery management system. In particular, the requirements for power balancing and the actual number of degrees of freedom of the control are investigated. The paper shows that the traditional approach of cell balancing is a special case of the proposed control methodology. Numerical analyses with Matlab/Simulink™ highlight the reasons of the slow response of the standard balancing technique for specific operating conditions of the battery electric vehicle. The paper suggests potential improvements that could be introduced through the proposed generalised approach.
- Published
- 2017
38. Perturb and Observe Control for an Embedded Point Pivoted Absorber
- Author
-
Domenico P. Coiro, Ivan Spina, Marino Coppola, Gianluca Brando, Andrea Del Pizzo, Adolfo Dannier, Brando, Gianluca, Coiro, Domenico, Coppola, Marino, Dannier, Adolfo, DEL PIZZO, Andrea, and Spina, Ivan
- Subjects
scale model ,Engineering ,Control and Optimization ,Q) ,020209 energy ,Control (management) ,Energy Engineering and Power Technology ,02 engineering and technology ,lcsh:Technology ,maximum power point tracking (MPPT) ,Marine energy ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Point (geometry) ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Engineering (miscellaneous) ,Towing ,wave energy converter (WEC) ,marine ,perturb and observe (P&Q); maximum power point tracking (MPPT) ,perturb and observe (P& ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,business.industry ,lcsh:T ,Control engineering ,Maximization ,Grid ,business ,Scale model ,Energy (signal processing) ,Energy (miscellaneous) - Abstract
Marine energy sources represent an attractive and inexhaustible reservoir able to contribute to the fulfillment of the world energy demand in accordance with climate/energy regulatory frameworks. Wave energy converter (WEC) integration into the main grid requires both the maximization of the harvested energy and the proper management of the generation variability. The present paper focuses on both these mentioned issues. More specifically, it presents an embedded point pivoted absorber (PPA) and its related control strategy aimed at maximizing the harvested energy. Experimental and numerical investigations have been carried out in a wave/towing tank facility in order to derive the design characteristics of the full-scale model and demonstrate the validity and effectiveness of the proposed control strategy.
- Published
- 2016
39. Control and Modulation Techniques for a Centralized PV Generation System Grid Connected via an Interleaved Inverter
- Author
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Ivan Spina, Gianluca Brando, Andrea Del Pizzo, Adolfo Dannier, Brando, Gianluca, Dannier, Adolfo, DEL PIZZO, Andrea, and Spina, Ivan
- Subjects
Engineering ,Maximum power principle ,020209 energy ,02 engineering and technology ,lcsh:Technology ,Maximum power point tracking ,lcsh:Chemistry ,interleaved inverter ,MPPT algorithm ,space vector modulation ,hysteresis control ,Control theory ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Electronic engineering ,Grid-connected photovoltaic power system ,General Materials Science ,Instrumentation ,lcsh:QH301-705.5 ,Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes ,business.industry ,lcsh:T ,Process Chemistry and Technology ,020208 electrical & electronic engineering ,Photovoltaic system ,General Engineering ,Converters ,Grid ,lcsh:QC1-999 ,Computer Science Applications ,lcsh:Biology (General) ,lcsh:QD1-999 ,lcsh:TA1-2040 ,Inverter ,business ,lcsh:Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ,Space vector modulation ,lcsh:Physics - Abstract
In the context of grid connected photovoitaic (PV) generation systems, there are two paramount aspects regarding the Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) of the photovoltaic units and the continuity of the service. The most diffused MPPT algorithms are based on either perturb and observe, or on an incremental conductance approach and need both PV current and voltage measurements. Several topology reconfigurable converters are also associated with the PV plants, guaranteeing fault-tolerant features. The generation continuity can also be assured by interleaved inverters, which keep the system operating at reduced maximum power in case of failure. In this paper, an evolution of a hysteresis based MPPT algorithm is presented, based on the measurement of only one voltage, together with a novel space vector modulation suitable for a two-channel three-phase grid connected interleaved inverter. The proposed MMPT algorithm and modulation technique are tested by means of several numerical analyses on a PV generation system of about 200 kW maximum power. The results testify the validity of the proposed strategies, showing good performance, even during a fault occurrence and in the presence of deep shading conditions.
- Published
- 2016
40. Fault detection via on-line parameter estimation for a strong variable parameters PM brushless machine
- Author
-
Marino Coppola, Pierluigi Guerriero, Ivan Spina, Coppola, M., Guerriero, P., and Spina, I.
- Subjects
Engineering ,Current (mathematics) ,Control and Optimization ,Basis (linear algebra) ,Estimation theory ,business.industry ,Mechanical Engineering ,020208 electrical & electronic engineering ,02 engineering and technology ,Recursive Least Square ,Fault Detection ,Fault detection and isolation ,Fault indicator ,Inductance ,Short Circuit ,Control theory ,Line (geometry) ,Automotive Engineering ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,PMSM ,020201 artificial intelligence & image processing ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,business ,Variable (mathematics) ,Parameter Monitoring - Abstract
With reference to a strong variable parameters AC brushless machine, the paper deals with an online method of fault detection for closed loop controlled PMSM. The proposed technique exploits the monitoring of the motor d,q axes inductances via a Recursive Least Square Algorithm (RLS). The motor parameters, which have been pre-mapped with reference to the d,q axes current components, are compared to the results of the online identification procedure and their discrepancy is evaluated in real time. A fault indicator index is derived and its behavior conditioned in order to properly recognize any anomalous condition. The proposed method is tested via numerical simulations on the basis of a real PM brushless machine whose parameter have been evaluated in different operating conditions by means of several off-line experimental measurements.
- Published
- 2016
41. Torque Derivative Control (TDC) in Induction Motor Drives Supplied by Multilevel Inverters
- Author
-
Ivan Spina, Gianluca Brando, Renato Rizzo, Andrea Del Pizzo, Adolfo Dannier, Brando, Gianluca, Dannier, Adolfo, DEL PIZZO, Andrea, Rizzo, Renato, and Spina, Ivan
- Subjects
Engineering ,Stall torque ,Vector control ,business.industry ,020209 energy ,020208 electrical & electronic engineering ,02 engineering and technology ,Direct torque control ,Control theory ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Torque ,Inverter ,Torque ripple ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,business ,Induction motor ,Machine control - Abstract
The study deals with a novel torque derivative control of induction motor drives. The proposed technique is mainly finalised to improve the motor dynamic response regardless of speed operating conditions, ensuring satisfactory values of both motor currents distortion and torque ripple. The core of the discussed approach is a special look-up table, in which the converter voltage space vectors are sorted with respect to their influence on the torque derivative, taking also into account their influence on the flux magnitude. The table is indeed accessed by a desired torque derivative value, obtained by properly processing the output of hysteresis controllers. Moreover, a variable duty-cycle technique is implemented in order to ensure a satisfactory torque ripple in steady-state conditions. The proposed algorithm, suitable for a general multilevel inverter, is numerically tested on a three-level neutral point clamped inverter and its performance are compared with the ones obtained by a traditional direct torque control method based on three speed ranges look-up tables. The control is then validated experimentally by means of a reduced scale laboratory prototype fixing the same condition used for numerical analysis.
- Published
- 2016
42. A single input dual buck-boost output reconfigurable converter for distributed generation
- Author
-
Ivan Spina, Renato Rizzo, Pietro Tricoli, Rizzo, Renato, Spina, Ivan, and Tricoli, P.
- Subjects
Engineering ,Electricity generation ,business.industry ,Buck converter ,Distributed generation ,Boost converter ,Buck–boost converter ,Ćuk converter ,Electronic engineering ,Topology (electrical circuits) ,Microgrid ,business - Abstract
The diffusion of distributed electric generation sources is a growing phenomenon, encouraged by the changes in the electric energy market and the concerns about gas emission. Microgrids are composed by different types of generators, several loads and power converters necessary to interface all the microgrid components and the microgrid itself with the main AC grid. This paper presents a new flexible power converter capable of changing its topology by means of static switches so that it can provide different conversion functions using the same hardware. This proposal aims to reduce the number of components, enhancing compactness and simplicity, and resulting in lower equipment costs. The proposed converter is conceived for domestic microgrids, is connected to the AC grid and a renewable energy source (RES) and is configurable as a single-input dual-output (SIDO) converter, providing two different DC voltage levels. After showing all the possible configurations of this converter, the analysis focuses on SIDO, deriving its mathematical model and discussing a procedure to design its elements. The controllability of the SIDO is tested via numerical simulations showing good performance even during fast transient conditions.
- Published
- 2015
43. Comparison of accuracy of different LiFePO4 battery circuital models
- Author
-
Gianluca Brando, Ivan Spina, Luigi Piegari, and Adolfo Dannier
- Subjects
Battery (electricity) ,Engineering ,business.industry ,Lithium iron phosphate ,Function (mathematics) ,Dielectric spectroscopy ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Limit (music) ,Range (statistics) ,Electronic engineering ,business ,Electrical impedance ,Power density - Abstract
In recent years lithium iron phosphate batteries are spreading because of their high energy and power density, long lifetime and high inherent safety. In technical literature different models have been proposed to characterize these batteries. These models have different complexity but give results of different accuracy. In this paper a comparison of three equivalent models is performed. The comparison is made taking into account the impedance of the cells as function of the working frequency. For this reason electrochemical impedance spectroscopy method is used. The real and imaginary parts of the impedance calculated at each frequency are compared with that resulting from experimental tests in order to understand which are the frequency limit of each model. From the analysis clearly results that the traditional simple models obtained with 2 or more RC branches cannot represent the behavior of these batteries in all the frequency range. On the contrary, the models presenting a Warburg impedance, even if more complex, can represent the frequency behavior of these batteries in a wider frequency range.
- Published
- 2014
44. Model predictive control for PMSM with flux-current nonlinear maps
- Author
-
Andrea Del Pizzo, Francesco Vasca, Ivan Spina, Gianluca Angelone, Angelone, G., DEL PIZZO, Andrea, Spina, Ivan, and Vasca, F.
- Subjects
Nonlinear system ,Engineering ,Model predictive control ,Motor controller ,Current (mathematics) ,Direct torque control ,business.industry ,Control theory ,Control engineering ,business ,Synchronous motor ,Ampere ,Tracking (particle physics) - Abstract
Typical operating conditions of permanent magnet synchronous motors correspond to nonlinear relationships between fluxes and currents. The determination of equivalent motor parameters is a non trivial task and can be critical for the design of motor controllers, which is typically based on a mathematical model. In this paper an experimental method to determine the flux-current nonlinear maps and a model based approach to implement a predictive controller capable to deal with such nonlinearities is presented. Numerical results show that the optimization technique is able to provide the maximum torque per ampere tracking.
- Published
- 2014
45. An off-grid single utility micro-cogenerator fed with Biogas
- Author
-
P. Capaldi, Ivan Spina, A. Del Pizzo, Renato Rizzo, Capaldi, Pietro, DEL PIZZO, Andrea, Rizzo, Renato, and Spina, Ivan
- Subjects
Engineering ,business.industry ,Natural ga ,Thermal power station ,Mechanical engineering ,Micro-grid ,Cogeneration ,Internal combustion engine ,Distributed generation ,Energy transformation ,Grid energy storage ,Electric power ,Electricity ,Micro-cogeneration ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Process engineering ,business - Abstract
In the paper is discusses the project, the design and overall performance of a micro-cogenerator prototype of 2.0 kW of electric power and about 5.0 kW of thermal power, suitable for single off-grid applications and fuelled by gas produced from biomass anaerobic digestion. This unit is based on a previous prototype designed and developed at Istituto Motori CNR of Italy and it has been conceived specifically as a local individual off-grid energy platform, born to be mated with small biomass reactor, which need part of the heat produced by the internal combustion engine to have a stable and efficient behaviour. The adopted internal combustion engine maintains many technical solutions and constructive elements already experimented in previous prototypes, the unit has been modified in order to be fuelled by natural gas with partial methane content, or with LPG when necessary. The generation system is a permanent magnet generator fed by a low cost inverter which can offer very high efficiency and a reasonable bulk and weight and gives to possibility to include an electric energy storage to compensate service discontinuity. The proposed cogeneration unit has in cost reduction, durability, low noise/vibration and a good electric efficiency the most important achieved objectives. It is very flexible in terms of gas supply and in respect of the electric needs of a generic utility, representing a very smart way for energy conversion in many situations when electricity couldn't be easily produced because of fuel availability and a cheap way to reach the full utilization of fuel energy together with a significant CO2 reduction.
- Published
- 2014
46. Comparative analysis of performance and energy losses in light railways vehicles equipped with im or PMSM drive
- Author
-
Ivan Spina, L. Beneduce, B. Cascone, Luigi Fratelli, A. Del Pizzo, Spina, Ivan, DEL PIZZO, Andrea, Beneduce, L., Cascone, B., and Fratelli, L.
- Subjects
Electric motor ,education.field_of_study ,Direct torque control ,Computer science ,Brushed DC electric motor ,Control engineering ,Traction unit ,education ,AC motor ,Automotive engineering ,Induction motor ,Traction motor ,Efficient energy use - Abstract
With reference to light railways transportation systems, in the paper a comparison is carried out between vehicles equipped with either Induction Motor Drive or Permanent Magnet Brushless Motor Drive. The attention is particularly focused on energetic performance, in term of losses and efficiency. The main characteristics of the traction units of the two compared vehicles have been chosen in accordance with the real constraints, usually imposed or suggested by the motor type, which influences mechanical and electrical configurations, control architectures and techniques. Thus, the analysis has not the aim to compare specific devices, which are different for the two considered cases, but the whole traction units, each one with its own proper characteristics. Based on both assigned characteristic of the railways sections and vehicle mission, an extensive numerical analysis has been carried out in various operating conditions, with the aim to comparatively evaluate either fast dynamic performance, in response to the PWM modulation, or slow dynamic performance, concerning the time constant of mechanical quantities, or losses and energy efficiency.
- Published
- 2014
47. Mathematical Model of a PM Brushless Motor with Different Stator-Rotor Pole Pairs Number
- Author
-
Ivan Spina, Diego La Cascia, Luigi Pio Di Noia, Renato Rizzo, IEEE, DI NOIA, LUIGI PIO, Spina, Ivan, Rizzo, Renato, D., La Cascia, Di Noia, LP, Spina, I, Rizzo, R, and La Cascia, D
- Subjects
Engineering ,Mathematical model ,Stator ,business.industry ,Brush ,Settore ING-IND/32 - Convertitori, Macchine E Azionamenti Elettrici ,law.invention ,Brushless motors ,Magnetomotive force ,law ,Control theory ,Magnet ,Fractional-Slot PM Motors, PM brushless motors, Instantaneous values mathematical model ,Synchronous motor ,business ,Armature (electrical engineering) - Abstract
The paper presents a mathematical model of Permanent Magnet AC brushless machines (PMSM) having a number of stator poles-obtained via the distribution of the three-phase winding- different from the rotor one, realized by the displacement of the permanent magnets. For these so- called ‘Fractional-Slot’ motors (where few total slots generate high equivalent number of poles) the available mathematical models appear partial and/or incomplete, despite of numerous designing considerations made in literature. In this paper an analytical approach is developed to point out an instantaneous- values mathematical model with concentrated parameters, that can be suitable for control architecture systems when some simplification hypotheses are added. The model takes into account a general distribution of the armature magnetomotive force field, and the total harmonic content of the rotor flux density. The whole MMF harmonic content is then properly reduced and the result is compared to a traditional PMSM model
- Published
- 2013
48. Comparison of energy management control strategy based on wayside ESS for LRV application
- Author
-
Diego Iannuzzi, Ivan Spina, Flavio Ciccarelli, Ciccarelli, Flavio, Iannuzzi, Diego, and Spina, Ivan
- Subjects
Energy conservation ,Engineering ,State of charge ,business.industry ,Energy management ,Real-time Control System ,Headway ,Control engineering ,business ,Energy (signal processing) ,Energy storage ,Power (physics) - Abstract
The paper focuses on an innovative energy management control strategy of a wayside supercapacitor (SC) applied in DC electrified light transit networks. In order to achieve minimum energy demand from the electric feeding substations, the target of the control is the optimal tracking of the storage device voltage subject to the minimization of the mean square of the supply currents and, consequently, the reduction of power losses along the line. Hence, optimization theory has been used for the analytical determination and implementation of real time control strategy. Therefore the proposed strategy has been verified and validated via numerical simulations with reference to realistic LRV operation and different headway among the operating vehicles. A comparison with a classical energy storage system (ESS) state of charge control has been also carried out, as well as the energy saving improvement has been highlighted and the energy storage system integration and challenges are addressed. The results validate the theoretical approach and prove that the suggested control strategy is quite effective, putting in evidence its potentiality and the possibility of an actual implementation.
- Published
- 2013
49. A nomogram for estimating energy loss in a distribution network due to penetration of V2G
- Author
-
Ivan Spina, Renato Rizzo, Satish M. Mahajan, Uwakwe C. Chukwu, IEEE, Chukwu, U. C., Mahajan, S. M., Spina, Ivan, and Rizzo, Renato
- Subjects
Electric utility ,Engineering ,Mathematical model ,Installation ,business.industry ,Parking lot ,Vehicle-to-grid ,AC power ,business ,Commercialization ,Electric distribution network ,Reliability engineering - Abstract
As Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) concept convenes strong interests among automakers, electric utility owners, and policy makers, it is critical to investigate the potential impacts of V2G on the electric distribution system. Such study, together with other benefits of V2G, may encourage utility support for V2G commercialization. This paper focuses on a pressing technical issue associated with the penetration of V2G into the electric distribution network-the energy loss in the feeders. Mathematical models are formulated to investigate how V2G reactive power injection and different load patterns can impact energy loss on a distribution system. It is shown that loss reduction can be greatly influenced by reactive loading factor, the pattern of loading, the amount of V2G reactive power injection, and the position of V2G parking lot on the feeder segment. Useful results are obtained, with a promise that more than 95% energy loss reduction (relative to energy loss in the system without V2G installed) is possible by optimally locating a V2G parking lot along the feeder. The results in this study may serve as a nomogram to determine energy loss at the planning stage of installing a V2G parking lot on a distribution feeder segment.
- Published
- 2013
50. Torque oscillations damping in micro-cogeneration units with high brake mean pressure engines and PM-brushless generators
- Author
-
A. Del Pizzo, P. Capaldi, Renato Rizzo, Ivan Spina, ENERGYCON, Capaldi, P., DEL PIZZO, Andrea, Rizzo, Renato, and Spina, Ivan
- Subjects
Engineering ,business.industry ,Electric generator ,Automotive engineering ,law.invention ,Vibration ,Cogeneration ,Internal combustion engine ,law ,Control theory ,Brake ,Torque ,Energy transformation ,Electric power ,business - Abstract
The paper discusses the concept and the overall performance of a 20 kW micro-cogeneration unit, suitable for distributed energy conversion and based on a 4-cylinder, supercharged methane fuelled, spark ignited, internal combustion engine (ICE). The latter is coupled to a three-phase PM-brushless electric generator, whose armature is controlled by an active front-end [12,14]. The ICE is derived from a widespread Diesel unit, which has been properly modified; it is chosen among many other engines as a reliable, very high efficiency, cost effective unit [6], suitable for energy conversion systems (such as residential or commercial applications). The paper starts by defining the criterion which led to the adoption of a high brake mean pressure, in order to produce the above mentioned electric power. After the description of the solutions adopted to optimize the ICE operation performance, a very simple and efficacious control strategy of the generator+converter set is presented. This technique is able to conveniently reduce the magnitude of shaft-torque ripple produced by a high brake mean pressure (and consequently cycle peak pressure), in order to reduce vibrations, noise and rotating speed oscillations. The control is based on assigned curves of ICE torque vs. shaft angular position. Some considerations are also made to define the right generator sizing, in order to allow an efficacious damping action, maintaining good efficiency levels of the generator+converter set. The effectiveness of the control is validated by a series of numerical results in significant operating conditions.
- Published
- 2012
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