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This research investigates effects of host country corruption and formal and informal institutional restrictiveness on the entry strategies of foreign multinational enterprises. Using data of over 400 telecommunication projects in developing markets between 2005 and 2011, we find that both formal and informal restrictiveness encourage the MNE to enter using an equity-mode with balanced ownership rather than a wholly owned subsidiary or a partnership with large differential in ownership. However, informal restrictiveness is a stronger force than the formal restrictiveness. We theorize and find a triple interaction effect which shows that this effect is stronger at lower levels than higher levels of informal restrictiveness.

Mavens are individuals who spread information about different aspects of products without the expectation of reward or recognition. This study sets out to ( a ) determine if dimensions of altruistic behavior identified in the Actively Caring Behavior Model such as Self-esteem, Belongingness, Personal control, Self-efficacy, and Optimism influence the development of Mavenism traits, and ( b ) understand and clarify how the development of these traits is influenced by demographics and moderated by gender, cultural background, and personal beliefs. Mavens with high Self-esteem, composed of Optimism, Self-efficacy and Personal control, tend to confirm personal traits of Mavenism. However, Gender, Culture and Religious beliefs act as moderators. Females and males have different motivations and Altruistic dimensions. The context becomes key in assessing how to communicate with Mavenism due to dissimilarities in the effects of Altruism dimensions especially for individuals with different backgrounds in their Culture and Religious beliefs.

Amid the plethora of research on advertising effectiveness, the authors of the current study believe consumers' online search behavior, subsequent to exposure to traditional advertising messages, has been understudied. Using data from a major telecommunication company, this study's findings support the influence of employing multiple channels, advertising expenditures, and television and online advertising on consumers' tendency to follow through with their own online investigations. INSET: Management Slant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on the origins of dynamic capabilities in multinational corporations (MNCs). Building on literature in the area of organizational memory and organizational learning, we investiga...