Search

In this issue of JEM, Diny et al. (2022. J. Exp. Med.https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20210970) identify the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) as a key orchestrator of eosinophil tissue adaptation in the small intestine, controlling their lifespan, degranulation, and tissue-remodeling activities.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE:Although testosterone deficiency (TD) may be present in 1 out of 5 men 40 years or older, the factors responsible for TD remain largely unknown. Leydig stem cells (LSCs) ...

Zusammenfassung Einleitung Mehr als 50% der rund 37 Mio. Menschen, die weltweit mit HIV leben, sind Frauen. Heutzutage kann die MTCT (Mother-to-child Transmission) auf Methodik Im Zeitraum 2005–2016 wurden die HIV- und geburtshilflichen Daten aller HIV-positiver, schwangerer Frauen, der Bonner HIV-Kohorte und die neonatalen Daten der HIV-exponierten Kinder ausgewertet. Die HIV-MTCT wurde für diesen Zeitraum untersucht. Ergebnisse Es wurden 87 Schwangerschaften bei 61 Frauen identifiziert. 70 Kinder wurden an der Universitätsfrauenklinik Bonn lebend geboren. Die Frauen waren zu 53% afrikanischer Herkunft. Der Median der CD4+-Zellzahl betrug präpartal 510 Zellen/μl (IQR 444) und lag bei 32 Frauen (52%) über 500 Zellen/μl. Die HI-Viruslast war präpartal bei 77% vollständig supprimiert ( Zusammenfassung In den Jahren 2005–2016 der Analyse hat keine vertikale HIV-Transmission von Mutter zu Kind stattgefunden. Es kam zu einer deutlichen Reduktion der primären Sectiorate und und zu einem Rückgang der Frühgeborenenrate, was die Änderung der Behandlungsstrategie in diesem Zeitraum widerspiegelt. Eine optimale interdisziplinäre Zusammenarbeit bleibt Grundlage für eine erfolgreiche Versorgung HIV-positiver, schwangerer Frauen.

Worldwide, 37 million people are infected with HIV; more than 50% are women. Currently, MTCT (mother-to-child transmission) can be reduced to1%. The intention of the present study was to analyze the development of (1) the course of pregnancy of HIV-infected women, (2) the mode of delivery and (3) the post-exposure prophylaxis of the newborn over the last decade.In this retrospective study, data from HIV-infected women who between 2005 and 2016 received care at the HIV outpatient department and gave birth at the Department of Obstetrics at University Hospital Bonn was analyzed. Furthermore, neonatal data was collected and HIV-MTCT was evaluated.In the 2005-2016 study period, 87 pregnancies in 61 women were identified. Seventy babies were born alive at the Department of Obstetrics, University Hospital Bonn. 53% of these women were of African origin. The median of CD4Between 2005 and 2016 no vertical HIV transmission from mother to child occurred (0/70). Due to the change in treatment strategy, the elective cesarean section rate fell significantly as well the rate of premature births. An optimal interdisciplinary collaboration builds the basis for successful treatment of HIV in pregnancy.Mehr als 50% der rund 37 Mio. Menschen, die weltweit mit HIV leben, sind Frauen. Heutzutage kann die MTCT (Mother-to-child Transmission) auf1% reduziert werden. Intention der vorliegenden Untersuchung war es, die Entwicklung (1) des Schwangerschaftsverlaufs HIV-positiver Frauen, (2) des Entbindungsmodus und (3) der Postexpositionsprophylaxe der Neugeborenen, über den Verlauf der letzten Dekade aufzuzeigen.Im Zeitraum 2005–2016 wurden die HIV- und geburtshilflichen Daten aller HIV-positiver, schwangerer Frauen, der Bonner HIV-Kohorte und die neonatalen Daten der HIV-exponierten Kinder ausgewertet. Die HIV-MTCT wurde für diesen Zeitraum untersucht.Es wurden 87 Schwangerschaften bei 61 Frauen identifiziert. 70 Kinder wurden an der Universitätsfrauenklinik Bonn lebend geboren. Die Frauen waren zu 53% afrikanischer Herkunft. Der Median der CD4In den Jahren 2005–2016 der Analyse hat keine vertikale HIV-Transmission von Mutter zu Kind stattgefunden. Es kam zu einer deutlichen Reduktion der primären Sectiorate und und zu einem Rückgang der Frühgeborenenrate, was die Änderung der Behandlungsstrategie in diesem Zeitraum widerspiegelt. Eine optimale interdisziplinäre Zusammenarbeit bleibt Grundlage für eine erfolgreiche Versorgung HIV-positiver, schwangerer Frauen.

Autoimmune myositis encompasses various myositis-overlap syndromes, each being identified by the presence of serum marker autoantibodies. We describe a novel myositis-overlap syndrome in 4 patients characterized by the presence of a unique immunologic marker, autoantibodies to nuclear pore complexes. The clinical phenotype was characterized by prominent myositis in association with erosive, anti-CCP, and rheumatoid factor-positive arthritis, trigeminal neuralgia, mild interstitial lung disease, Raynaud phenomenon, and weight loss. The myositis was typically chronic, relapsing, and refractory to corticosteroids alone, but remitted with the addition of a second immunomodulating drug. There was no clinical or laboratory evidence for liver disease. The prognosis was good with 100% long-term survival (mean follow-up 19.5 yr). By indirect immunofluorescence on HEp-2 cells, sera from all 4 patients displayed a high titer of antinuclear autoantibodies (ANA) with a distinct punctate peripheral (rim) fluorescent pattern of the nuclear envelope characteristic of nuclear pore complexes. Reactivity with nuclear pore complexes was confirmed by immunoelectron microscopy. In a cohort of 100 French Canadian patients with autoimmune myositis, the nuclear pore complex fluorescent ANA pattern was restricted to these 4 patients (4%). It was not observed in sera from 393 adult patients with systemic sclerosis (n = 112), mixed connective tissue disease (n = 35), systemic lupus (n = 94), rheumatoid arthritis (n = 45), or other rheumatic diseases (n = 107), nor was it observed in 62 normal adults. Autoantibodies to nuclear pore complexes were predominantly of IgG isotype. No other IgG autoantibody markers for defined connective tissue diseases or overlap syndromes were present, indicating a selective and highly focused immune response. In 3 patients, anti-nuclear pore complex autoantibody titers varied in parallel with myositis activity, suggesting a pathogenic link to pathophysiology. The nuclear pore complex proteins, that is, nucleoporins (nup), recognized by these sera were heterogeneous and included Nup358/RanBP2 (n = 2 patients), Nup90 (n = 1), Nup62 (n = 1), and gp210 (n = 1). Taken together the data suggest that nup autoantigens themselves drive the anti-nup autoimmune response. Immunogenetically, the 4 patients shared the DQA1∗0501 allele associated with an increased risk for autoimmune myositis. In conclusion, we report an apparent novel subset of autoimmune myositis in our population of French Canadian patients with connective tissue diseases. This syndrome is recognized by the presence of a unique immunologic marker, autoantibodies to nuclear pore complexes that react with nups, consistent with an “anti-nup syndrome.”

Why did humans walk upright? Previous models based on adaptations to forest or savannah are challenged here in favour of physical incentives presented by steep rugged terrain—the kind of tectonically varied landscape that has produced early hominin remains. “Scrambler man” pursued his prey up hill and down dale and in so doing became that agile, sprinting, enduring, grasping, jumping two-legged athlete that we know today.

Additional file 4 : Table S4. Corticosteroid-free induction and maintenance therapy of patients with anti-HMGCR myopathy (N = 14)

Additional file 1 : Table S1. Definitions for therapy, remission, maintenance and severity of anti-HMGCR myopathy.

Additional file 2 : Table S2. Identifying therapeutic subgroups within the STATIN-PHESEMO study.

Additional file 2 : Table S2. Identifying therapeutic subgroups within the STATIN-PHESEMO study.

Additional file 5 : Table S5. Chronology of events, from disease onset to maintenance therapy, in patients with anti-HMGCR myopathy presenting with normal strength (N = 22)

Additional file 4 : Table S4. Corticosteroid-free induction and maintenance therapy of patients with anti-HMGCR myopathy (N = 14)

Additional file 5 : Table S5. Chronology of events, from disease onset to maintenance therapy, in patients with anti-HMGCR myopathy presenting with normal strength (N = 22)

Additional file 3 : Table S3. Chronology of events leading to corticosteroid-free treatment of patients with anti-HMGCR myopathy (N = 14).

Additional file 3 : Table S3. Chronology of events leading to corticosteroid-free treatment of patients with anti-HMGCR myopathy (N = 14).

Additional file 1 : Table S1. Definitions for therapy, remission, maintenance and severity of anti-HMGCR myopathy.