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Citizen science has proven to be a useful paradigm both to contribute to science and to increase the public understanding of science. Thus the connection between citizen science and schools offers an interesting approach to explore. However, a lot of questions and challenges remain unclear, such as the balance between scientific and educational goals. In this research, we explore how citizen science initiatives have been implemented in formal education contexts through a systematic literature review. The final aim is to identify relevant characteristics, define profiles of initiatives and offer future implications. Through the PRISMA Protocol, we have selected 46 published citizen science initiatives to analyse. Our findings show four different profiles of citizen science initiatives in schools: Students using science, Students helping science, Students learning science collecting data and Students learning science by acting as scientists. From the discussion of these profiles, we suggest some considerations for researchers and designers.

El objetivo de esta investigación consistió en analizar los aportes de la aplicación del modelo plan individual de ajustes razonables (PIAR) al fortalecimiento de la inclusión de los estudiantes con discapacidad del grado octavo en el área de Ciencias Sociales del Colegio Nuestra Señora de Fátima en la ciudad de Valledupar, Cesar. El estudio se llevó a cabo bajo el paradigma sociocrítico y enfoque cualitativo, y se enmarcó en la investigación acción. Este estudio se desarrolló en tres fases: en la primera, se detectaron las necesidades o problemáticas, con el propósito de dar una solución; en la segunda, se elaboraron los planes, y en la tercera, se ejecutaron y evaluaron dichos planes. La unidad de trabajo estuvo conformada por 30 estudiantes de octavo grado, todos de sexo masculino y con edades entre los 13 y 14 años. De ellos, cuatro estudiantes presentaban condiciones especiales, ya diagnosticadas y medicadas. Para la recolección de la información, se utilizaron la entrevista, el diario de campo y una prueba por medio de la herramienta Padlet. Con la aplicación del modelo, los estudiantes demostraron agrado y satisfacción con el trabajo en equipo, lo que favoreció un buen nivel de aprendizaje. Esto les permitió comunicarse asertivamente y, mediante la colaboración y el apoyo mutuo, lograron alcanzar las diversas metas propuestas en cada encuentro. El aporte de PIAR fue positivo en el diseño y gestión de un entorno educativo favorecedor de la inclusión.

Summary: Background: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and its more severe form steatohepatitis (MASH) contribute to rising morbidity and mortality rates. The storage of fat in humans is closely associated with these diseases’ progression. Thus, adipose tissue metabolic homeostasis could be key in both the onset and progression of MASH. Methods: We conducted a case-control observational research using a systems biology-based approach to analyse liver, abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), omental visceral adipose tissue (VAT), and blood of n = 100 patients undergoing bariatric surgery (NCT05554224). MASH was diagnosed through histologic assessment. Whole-slide image analysis, lipidomics, proteomics, and transcriptomics were performed on tissue samples. Lipidomics and proteomics profiles were determined on plasma samples. Findings: Liver transcriptomics, proteomics, and lipidomics revealed interconnected pathways associated with inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and lipotoxicity in MASH. Paired adipose tissue biopsies had larger adipocyte areas in both fat depots in MASH. Enrichment analyses of proteomics and lipidomics data confirmed the association of liver lesions with mitochondrial dysfunction in VAT. Plasma lipidomics identified candidates with high diagnostic accuracy (AUC = 0.919, 95% CI 0.840–0.979) for screening MASH. Interpretation: Mitochondrial dysfunction is also present in VAT in patients with obesity-associated MASH. This may cause a disruption in the metabolic equilibrium of lipid processing and storage, which impacts the liver and accelerates detrimental adaptative responses. Funding: The project leading to these results has received funding from ‘la Caixa' Foundation (HR21-00430), and from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) (PI21/00510) and co-funded by the European Union.

Ischemic stroke consists of rapid neural death as a consequence of brain vessel obstruction, followed by damage to the neighboring tissue known as ischemic penumbra. The cerebral tissue in the core of the lesions becomes irreversibly damaged, however, the ischemic penumbra is potentially recoverable during the initial phases after the stroke. Therefore, there is real need for emerging therapeutic strategies to reduce ischemic damage and its spread to the penumbral region. For this reason, we tested the effect of Extreme Low Frequency Electromagnetic Stimulation (ELF-EMS) on in vitro primary neuronal and microglial cultures under oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) conditions. ELF-EMS under basal non-OGD conditions did not induce any effect in cell survival. However, ELF-EMS significantly reduced neuronal cell death in OGD conditions and reduced ischemic induced Ca2+ overload. Likewise, ELF-EMS modulated microglia activation and OGD-induced microglia cell death. Hence, this study suggests potential benefits in the application of ELF-EMS to limit ischemic irreversible damages under in vitro stroke conditions, encouraging in vivo preclinical validations of ELF-EMS as a potential therapeutic strategy for ischemic stroke.

Abstract Background Isoprostanes and prostaglandins are biomarkers for oxidative stress and inflammation. Their role in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathophysiology is yet unknown. In the current study, we aim to identify the association of isoprostanes and prostaglandins with the Amyloid, Tau, Neurodegeneration (ATN) biomarkers (Aβ-42, p-tau, and t-tau) of AD pathophysiology in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) subjects. Methods Targeted metabolomics profiling was performed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LCMS) in 147 paired plasma-CSF samples from the Ace Alzheimer Center Barcelona and 58 CSF samples of MCI patients from the Mannheim/Heidelberg cohort. Linear regression was used to evaluate the association of metabolites with CSF levels of ATN biomarkers in the overall sample and stratified by Aβ-42 pathology and APOE genotype. We further evaluated the role of metabolites in MCI to AD dementia progression. Results Increased CSF levels of PGF2α, 8,12-iso-iPF2α VI, and 5-iPF2α VI were significantly associated (False discovery rate (FDR)

El objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar el Objetivo de Desarrollo Sostenible 11 desde la Felicidad urbana y el emprendimiento con el propósito de identificar los desafíos que emergen para la política pública. Para ello, se aplicó una metodología cualitativa el análisis documental y la entrevista como técnicas de recolección de la información. En el análisis de las categorías estudiadas se identificaron elementos claves que permitieron encontrar los principales resultados; uno de ellos es que el plan de desarrollo de la ciudad de Barranquilla está alineado con los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS) específicamente el objetivo 11 el cual ha sido trabajado en el desarrollo sostenible de la ciudad a través del mejoramiento de la infraestructura urbana, creación de nuevos empleos e ideas emprendedoras. A raíz de esto, se identificaron desafíos que presenta la política pública en materia de desarrollo sostenible en las ciudades.

Judith Butler es una filósofa que se apoya en elementos deconstructivistas y se encuadra en el clima de la diferencia para escapar a la dinámica de las políticas y economías de signo neoliberal y esencialista. La concepción butleriana de la subjetividad, de fuerte impronta contextualista, es una asunción de la democracia en términos radicales y plurales y, por ello, su filosofía política y ética propone un feminismo de tintes postmodernos cuyo enclave es una figura de la subjetividad aperturista. La política de los nuevos movimientos sociales, más allá de los límites institucionales, así como el énfasis en las diferencias y en su reconocimiento, sirven para asumir al antagonismo como una posición deseable democráticamente.

La trata de personas es un fenómeno presente de forma global. En México, la que se lleva a cabo con fines de explotación sexual, cuenta con un mayor porcentaje de víctimas identificadas, quienes; además, son mujeres y niñas principalmente. Esto conlleva a colocar sobre la mesa de discusión que la identidad y corporeidad de las mujeres sigue atravesada por constructos sociales que devienen de un sistema y cultura patriarcal, que las hace objetos y deshumaniza para uso y placer de otros. Aunado a ello, se encuentra el sistema capitalista que ha encontrado en esta práctica una veta de ganancias para la acumulación al convertir a estas mujeres en mercancías. De esta manera, en la trata con fines de explotación sexual, se concreta la relación existente entre capitalismo y patriarcado al ser el cuerpo de las mujeres ya no sólo objeto de placer, sino mercancía que puede ser vendida al mejor postor. Para el presente artículo, en cuanto a la metodología, se recurrió a la revisión bibliográfica de informes y diagnósticos sobre el tema, ya que es un estudio documental. Asimismo, el análisis de los más recientes informes publicados sobre el tema en México, permite hacer énfasis en la situación de las mujeres como víctimas de trata con fines de explotación sexual, dado que el informe global del 2020, señalaba una presencia mayor de este grupo en esta modalidad de trata. De esta manera, es posible sustentar que la explotación sexual se basa en el uso de los cuerpos femeninos y es una forma de violencia.

Las iniciativas de ciencia ciudadana, donde la población no profesional contribuye al desarrollo de la ciencia, ha ido en aumento en los últimos años, entrando también en las aulas de escuelas e institutos. Esta colaboración no está exenta de retos, puesto que a menudo los objetivos de la ciencia profesional no están alineados con los objetivos educativos. En este artículo se investiga cuál es la calidad de las iniciativas que se han llevado a cabo en contexto escolar. Para ello se ha elaborado una herramienta que pretende caracterizar y valorar las dimensiones clave identificadas. Esta se ha aplicado a un conjunto de 46 iniciativas seleccionadas a partir de una revisión sistemática de la literatura. El análisis nos permite apuntar algunas reflexiones sobre cuál es la calidad y qué aspectos se deberían tener en cuenta para su diseño en las aulas escolares.

The synergistic effects observed in hydrocolloid mixtures hold significant potential for the discovery of new industrial products and compounds. Through an examination of the rheological behavior of mixtures of cellulose gum, xanthan gum, and guar gum, synergistic viscosity patterns were observed in binary mixtures. Notably, the viscosity of these mixtures exceeded that of the individual components. Binary and ternary systems with high elasticity and minimal temporal variation exhibited low levels of thixotropy and demonstrated stable elastic modulus values across various frequencies. Ternary mixtures containing a high proportion of xanthan gum exhibit enhanced stability in response to temperature fluctuations. This underscores the potential of hydrocolloid mixtures to yield novel functionalities by capitalizing on the distinct rheological behaviors arising from their interactions.

Antecedentes: La tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) es de importancia comercial y alimenticia para las familias nicaragüense. Objetivo: Evaluar el crecimiento de tilapia en estanques de liner, aplicando dos tipos de alimento multifuncional que contenían 24% y 14% de proteína. Metodología: Se seleccionaron dos estanques (G1 y G2), cada uno con capacidad de 90 toneladas de agua, en un sistema de producción semiintensiva. Ambos estanques fueron sembrados con una densidad de 13 peces/m², con pesos promedio iniciales de 22.9 g en G1 con fuente de alimento multifuncional de 24% de proteína y 20.2 g en G2 con alimento multifuncional de 14% de proteina. Se realizaron monitoreos biométricos semanales durante 9 semanas, así como un registro de parámetros fisicoquímicos dos veces al día, excepto la turbidez, que se midió a las 12:00 p.m. Resultados: Los resultados indicaron que los parámetros fisicoquímicos se mantuvieron dentro de rangos óptimos a lo largo del cultivo, sin variaciones significativas. Adicionalmente, el análisis de la densidad de microalgas en el estanque reveló que el alimento multifuncional con 24% de proteína no solo favoreció el incremento de biomasa, sino que también mejoró la productividad natural del ecosistema. El crecimiento registrado en el estanque con el alimento de 24% de proteína alcanzó los 135g, en comparación con los 98g en el estanque con alimento de 14% de proteína. Conclusión: Los tratamientos en estudio presentaron un Factor de Conversión Alimentaria de 0.7 al final del cultivo, estos resultados refuerzan la importancia de los contenidos proteicos en el crecimiento de tilapia.

El presente estudio se centra en investigar una dimensión de la competencia léxica: el tamaño del vocabulario receptivo en inglés de 345 estudiantes universitarios en México. Se adaptó el Vocabulary Size Test (VST) de Nation y Beglar (2007) de 100 reactivos que permite hacer estimaciones de hasta 20,000 palabras. Los resultados generales indican que los estudiantes universitarios tienen en promedio un vocabulario receptivo de 11,367 palabras y que siguen un patrón lineal acorde a su nivel autopercibido de inglés. El VST resultó ser un instrumento válido y confiable para determinar no solo la competencia léxica, sino también la competencia lingüística.

Objetivos: El propósito de este estudio es realizar una revisión sistemática de la literatura científica para comparar las técnicas de hilera simple y doble para los desgarros del manguito de los rotadores en términos de curación funcional, del dolor y estructural del tendón. Métodos: Para llevar a cabo la investigación se ha realizado una selección sistemática de artículos científicos consultando las bases de datos PubMed y The Cochrane Library. Los artículos incluidos en el presente estudio comparan las técnicas de una y dos hileras, con fecha de publicación entre 2016 y 2021. Resultados: Se observan diversos resultados en las escalas de valoración UCLA, SST, Constant y ASES y en el rango de movilidad, por lo que no se establece la superioridad de una técnica en cuanto a resultados funcionales. La técnica de doble hilera puede mostrar superioridad en la variable fuerza, aunque existe una variabilidad metodológica en su medición. La técnica de doble hilera puede estar relacionada con un dolor postoperatorio más intenso, mientras que la técnica de hilera simple con dolor residual en el hombro. Sin embargo, las variables fuerza y ​​dolor muestran datos no homogéneos o coincidentes. Se establece con resultados estadísticamente significativos, siendo los estudios más homogéneos y coincidentes, la superioridad de la reparación en doble hilera en la cicatrización estructural del tendón y una menor tasa de re-desgarro que la técnica de hilera simple.

The subfractionation of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a widely used technique in cell biology. However, current protocols present limitations such as low yield, the use of large number of dishes, and contamination with other organelles. Here, we describe an improved method for ER subfractionation that solves other reported methods' main limitations of being time consuming and requiring less starting material. Our protocol involves a combination of different centrifugations and special buffer incubations as well as a fine-tuned method for homogenization followed by western blotting to confirm the purity of the fractions. This protocol contains a method to extract clean ER samples from cells using only five (150 mm) dishes instead of over 50 plates needed in other protocols. In addition, in this article we not only propose a new cell fractionation approach but also an optimized method to isolate pure ER fractions from one mouse liver instead of three, which are commonly used in other protocols. The protocols described here are optimized for time efficiency and designed for seamless execution in any laboratory, eliminating the need for special/patented reagents.Key features• Subcellular fractionation from cells and mouse liver.• Uses only five dishes (150 mm) or one mouse liver to extract highly enriched endoplasmic reticulum without mitochondrial-associated membrane contamination.• These protocols require the use of ultracentrifuges, dounce homogenizers, and/or Teflon Potter Elvehjem.• As a result, highly enriched/clean samples are obtained.Graphical overview

Abstract Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) allows the detection of retinal vessel density (VD) loss, which is a reflection of brain vascular pathology. We aimed to investigate differences in macular VD in the superficial plexus in a large cohort of individuals cognitively unimpaired (CU), with mild cognitive impairment due to Alzheimer´s disease (MCI-AD), MCI due to cerebrovascular pathology (MCI-Va), probable Alzheimer´s disease dementia (ADD) and Vascular Dementia (VaD). Clinical, demographical, ophthalmological and OCT-A data from the Neuro-ophthalmology Research at Fundació ACE (NORFACE) project were analyzed. Differences of macular VD in four quadrants (superior, nasal, inferior and temporal) among the five diagnostic groups were assessed in a multivariate regression model, adjusted by age, sex, education, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, heart disease and stroke. The study cohort comprised 672 participants: 128 CU, 120 MCI-AD, 111 MCI-Va, 257 ADD and 56 VaD. Regression analysis showed a significantly higher VD in the temporal quadrant in MCI-AD compared to CU participants (49.05 ± 4.91 vs 47.27 ± 4.17, p = 0.02, d = 0.40), and a significantly lower VD in the inferior quadrant in MCI-Va compared to CU participants (48.70 ± 6.57 vs 51.27 ± 6.39, p = 0.02, d = 0.40). Individuals with heart disease presented significantly lower VD in the inferior quadrant than those without (p = 0.01). The interaction of sex and diagnosis had no effect in differentiating VD. Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores were not correlated to VD (all r 0.07). In conclusion, our study showed that the MCI-AD and MCI-Va groups had significant differences in macular VD in opposite directions in the temporal and inferior quadrants, respectively, compared to CU participants, suggesting that macular VD might be able to differentiate two pathogenic pathways (AD- and cerebrovascular-related) in early stages of cognitive decline.

Sin la africanía resultaría imposible entender la historia y la realidad socio-cultural de los países iberoamericanos, entre ellos, Cuba. Las contribuciones de los resultados historiográficos y en general los aportados por otras ciencias sociales como la sociología, la antropología y la etnografía relativos a la esclavitud y su legado actualizan la historia nacional y local. En la Educación Superior cubana la pertinencia de estos estudios, desde la teoría y la práctica sociocultural, permiten el acercamiento a una de las aristas más importantes de la identidad nacional. En la formación del estudiante de Gestión Sociocultural para el Desarrollo, se reconoce la necesidad de superar el enfoque tradicional, dogmático y desactualizado de este tema donde ha predominado una visión folklorista, con énfasis en las manifestaciones religiosas para favorecer el compromiso social, el enfrentamiento a manifestaciones racistas y discriminatorias, influir en las dinámicas sociocomunitarias, y promover el desarrollo local y comunitario. A partir de la utilización de métodos teóricos y técnicas de investigación histórica el artículo presenta los principales referentes historiográficos y didácticos que en su integración revelan la pertinencia de un nuevo enfoque sobre la esclavitud y su legado en la enseñanza de la Historia en la Educación Superior.

Antecedentes: De la revisión bibliográfica se generó un análisis de los valores y beneficios que generan los sistemas silvopastoriles (Si) en asocio con Leucaena leucopcephala (Lam.) de Wit., con especial referencia a manejo agronómico, integración árbol-pasto, densidad, intervalos de corte, producción y calidad nutricional de la biomasa. El objetivo fue recopilar información existente sobre el uso de leucaena como forraje. Metodología: Se revisaron artículos publicados desde 1999 a 2022. Los años con mayor producción científica fueron 2016, 2020, y 2014, con 8, 7 y 6 obras respectivamente, 2000 y 2004 no registraron artículos. Se obtuvo bibliografía de temas diversos, que citan la importancia de posible integrar leguminosas en los pastizales para incrementar la carga animal por hectárea, incrementar peso y producción de leche, en comparación con los sistemas que solo emplea pastos como alimento de los animales. Resultados: Los Si con asocio de leucaena constituyen una de las mejores alternativas para incrementar la ganancia de peso en la ganadería principalmente en zonas semisecas, ya que en ellos se hace un uso más eficiente del espacio y se obtiene un alimento de mejor calidad nutricional, mayor aporte de materia seca (MS), proteína cruda (PC), menor contenido de fibra detergente neutro (FDN) y de fibra detergente ácido (FDA). Conclusiones: Dentro de las condiciones a considerar en este sistema se debe tener presente la densidad la altura de corte, fecha y forma de siembra para obtener el mayor volumen de forraje por época.

Este artículo tiene como propósito estudiar el papel del marketing sensorial en las redes sociales como influencia en la toma de decisiones de los consumidores, el objetivo es realizar una mirada exploratoria del impacto de las estrategias promocionales que involucran los cinco sentidos en los entornos digitales. La metodología de la investigación fue mediante la triangulación, logrando resultados a través de las encuestas cuantitativas y las herramientas cualitativas que facilitaron la recepción de información entre los receptores (consumidores digitales) y emisores (desarrolladores de contenido) dentro de las plataformas en línea. Los hallazgos revelan la importancia de los sentidos visual y auditivo y el deficiente enfoque que los desarrolladores de contenido han tenido a los sentidos del tacto, olfato y gusto. Como conclusiones, se identificó que el consumidor digital tiene el poder y el control de observar, escuchar y sentir, por medio de los canales digitales, es así que el mensaje no es obligatorio, ni demandante, es sensorial, estableciendo nuevas oportunidades de implementar estrategias y tácticas que integren todos los sentidos y mejoren la experiencia entre el consumidor y las marcas.

Introduction: Elevated plasma levels of extracellular vesicles have been associated with impaired placentation, angiogenesis imbalance, intravascular inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction in women with preeclampsia, thus suggesting that circulating vesicles may be a good therapeutic target for the treatment of the disease. Recently, statins have been considered a potential treatment for the prevention of preeclampsia because of their pleiotropic effects, including the improvement of endothelial dysfunction and inhibition of inflammatory responses. However, the effects of these drugs on circulating vesicles concentration in women at risk of preeclampsia have not been established. Herein, we aimed to assess the effects of pravastatin on circulating extracellular vesicle generation in women at high risk of term preeclampsia.Methods: In a sample of 68 singleton pregnant women participating in the multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled STATIN trial (Nº EducraCT 2016-005206-19 ISRCTN), 35 women received a placebo and 33 women received a 20 mg/day dose of pravastatin for approximately 3 weeks (from 35 to 37 weeks of gestation until delivery). Large extracellular vesicles were characterized and quantified by flow cytometry using annexin V and cell-specific antibodies directed against platelet, endothelial, leukocyte, and syncytiotrophoblast cell surface markers.Results: In women who received the placebo, a significant increase in the plasma levels of large extracellular vesicles from platelets (34%, p < 0.01), leukocytes (33%, p < 0.01), monocytes (60%, p < 0.01), endothelial cells (40%, p < 0.05), and syncytiotrophoblast cells (22%, p < 0.05) were observed. However, treatment with pravastatin significantly reduced the plasma levels of large extracellular vesicles from platelets (42%, p < 0.001), leukocytes (25%, p < 0.001), monocytes (61%, p < 0.001), endothelial cells (69%, p < 0.001), activated endothelial cells (55%, p < 0.001), and syncytiotrophoblast cells (44%, p < 0.001).Discussion: These results indicate that pravastatin reduces the levels of activated cell-derived membrane vesicles from the maternal vasculature, blood, and placental syncytiotrophoblast of women at high risk of term preeclampsia, suggesting that this statin may be beneficial in reducing endothelial dysfunction and pro-inflammatory and pro-coagulatory state characteristics of the disease.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) affects millions of people worldwide and is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality. The skeletal muscle (SKM) is one of the most important tissues involved in maintaining glucose homeostasis and substrate oxidation, and it undergoes insulin resistance in T2D. In this study, we identify the existence of alterations in the expression of mitochondrial aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (mt-aaRSs) in skeletal muscle from two different forms of T2D: early-onset type 2 diabetes (YT2) (onset of the disease before 30 years of age) and the classical form of the disease (OT2). GSEA analysis from microarray studies revealed the repression of mitochondrial mt-aaRSs independently of age, which was validated by real-time PCR assays. In agreement with this, a reduced expression of several encoding mt-aaRSs was also detected in skeletal muscle from diabetic (db/db) mice but not in obese ob/ob mice. In addition, the expression of the mt-aaRSs proteins most relevant in the synthesis of mitochondrial proteins, threonyl-tRNA, and leucyl-tRNA synthetases (TARS2 and LARS2) were also repressed in muscle from db/db mice. It is likely that these alterations participate in the reduced expression of proteins synthesized in the mitochondria detected in db/db mice. We also document an increased iNOS abundance in mitochondrial-enriched muscle fractions from diabetic mice that may inhibit aminoacylation of TARS2 and LARS2 by nitrosative stress.Our results indicate a reduced expression of mt-aaRSs in skeletal muscle from T2D patients, which may participate in the reduced expression of proteins synthesized in mitochondria. An enhanced mitochondrial iNOS could play a regulatory role in diabetes.

Este trabajo abordó las creencias de un grupo de maestros colombianos, en torno a cinco factores relacionados con la discapacidad, a saber: (1) las percepciones sobre el estudiante con discapacidad (EcD); (2) la labor del maestro en los procesos de aprendizaje de los EcD; (3) las adaptaciones pedagógicas y el trabajo en el aula con EcD; (4) la instalación de valores inclusivos en la escuela gracias, entre otros, a la participación de alumnado con discapacidad; y (5) las condiciones y requisitos que deben darse en las escuelas para la formación de EcD. Para ello, se diseñó un cuestionario on-line que constaba de 47 preguntas, el cual fue diligenciado por 61 docentes pertenecientes a diversos niveles del sistema educativo colombiano. Los resultados indican que poseer formación en educación inclusiva y discapacidad, así como tener un posgrado en educación y trabajar en entornos educativos que fomenten acciones tendientes al reconocimiento de la diversidad, son tres variables cruciales que arrojan diferencias significativas en las creencias de los profesores encuestados. Todo lo anterior se discute en función de los retos que enfrenta la educación colombiana en el camino de alcanzar una educación inclusiva que acoja plenamente a los EcD.

Abstract Background FACEmemory® is the first computerized, self-administered verbal episodic memory test with voice recognition. It can be conducted under minimal supervision and contains an automatic scoring system to avoid administrator errors. Moreover, it is suitable for discriminating between cognitively healthy and amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI) individuals, and it is associated with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers. This study aimed to determine whether FACEmemory scoring is related to performance on classical memory tests and to AD biomarkers of brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and CSF in patients with early-onset MCI (EOMCI). Methods Ninety-four patients with EOMCI from the BIOFACE study completed FACEmemory, classical memory tests (the Spanish version of the Word Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test -FCSRT-, the Word List from the Wechsler Memory Scale, third edition, and the Spanish version of the Rey–Osterrieth Complex Figure Test), and a brain MRI. Eighty-two individuals also underwent a lumbar puncture. Results FACEmemory scoring was moderately correlated with FCSRT scoring. With regard to neuroimaging MRI results, worse execution on FACEmemory was associated with lower cortical volume in the right prefrontal and inferior parietal areas, along with the left temporal and associative occipital areas. Moreover, the total FACEmemory score correlated with CSF AD biomarkers (Aβ1-42/Aβ1-40 ratio, p181-tau, and Aβ1-42/p181-tau ratio). When performance on FACEmemory was compared among the ATN classification groups, significant differences between the AD group and normal and SNAP groups were found. Conclusions FACEmemory is a promising tool for detecting memory deficits sensitive to early-onset AD, but it also allows the detection of memory-impaired cases due to other etiologies. Our findings suggest that FACEmemory scoring can detect the AD endophenotype and that it is also associated with AD-related changes in MRI and CSF in patients with EOMCI. The computerized FACEmemory tool might be an opportunity to facilitate early detection of MCI in younger people than 65, who have a growing interest in new technologies.

BackgroundOptical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) is a novel method in the dementia field that allows the detection of retinal vascular changes. The comparison of OCT-A measures with established Alzheimer’s disease (AD)-related biomarkers is essential to validate the former as a marker of cerebrovascular impairment in the AD continuum. We aimed to investigate the association of macular vessel density (VD) in the superficial plexus quantified by OCT-A with the AT(N) classification based on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Aβ1-42, p181-tau and t-tau measurements in individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI).Materials and methodsClinical, demographic, ophthalmological, OCT-A and CSF core biomarkers for AD data from the Neuro-ophthalmology Research at Fundació ACE (NORFACE) project were analyzed. Differences in macular VD in four quadrants (superior, nasal, inferior, and temporal) among three AT(N) groups [Normal, Alzheimer and Suspected non-Alzheimer pathology (SNAP)] were assessed in a multivariate regression model, adjusted for age, APOE ε4 status, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, heart disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and smoking habit, using the Normal AT(N) group as the reference category.ResultsThe study cohort comprised 144 MCI participants: 66 Normal AT(N), 45 Alzheimer AT(N) and 33 SNAP AT(N). Regression analysis showed no significant association of the AT(N) groups with any of the regional macular VD measures (all, p > 0.16). The interaction between sex and AT(N) groups had no effect on differentiating VD. Lastly, CSF Aβ1-42, p181-tau and t-tau measures were not correlated to VD (all r < 0.13; p > 0.13).DiscussionOur study showed that macular VD measures were not associated with the AT(N) classification based on CSF biomarkers in patients with MCI, and did not differ between AD and other underlying causes of cognitive decline in our cohort.

La enseñanza de la química como estrategia para el desarrollo de pensamiento crítico en estudiantes de escuela secundaria, ofrece una serie de posibilidades que, si bien exigen del docente la recurrencia y construcción de didácticas encaminadas a tal objetivo, también implica que desde la academia se lleve a cabo una revisión de los diferentes planteamientos que al respecto se han elaborado para, que, en contraste con la praxis docente, se pueda llegar a establecer formas más efectivas de construcción de pensamiento crítico. En el anterior marco, el presente trabajo busca ser una recopilación documental que, si bien no detallada, articula las bases teóricas de las categorías de análisis seleccionadas para el desarrollo de una investigación sobre las concepciones acerca de pensamiento crítico, así como las estrategias de enseñanza de la química.

En la actualidad la tendencia de la formación del psicólogo se orienta bajo el enfoque de competencias, por lo tanto, los profesores de estos programas académicos deben acreditar competencias docentes que permitan una formación pertinente y de calidad. El objetivo fue analizar la teoría existente sobre competencias, docencia y competencias docentes transversales y específicas del profesor de programas de psicología. El método se llevó a cabo mediante el proceso de investigación bibliográfica con enfoque hermenéutico, se revisaron 65 documentos sobre el tema, correspondientes a artículos, libros y capítulos de libro resultado de investigación de los 14 últimos años; fundamentalmente la consulta se realizó en las bases de datos como Scielo, ProQuest Social Science Journals, Publindex y ISOC-psicología. Como resultados y conclusiones, la revisión bibliográfica con enfoque hermenéutico, muestra la importancia y la necesidad que en la última década tiene la implementación de la formación de profesionales bajo el enfoque de competencias, hecho que demanda nuevas funciones de los profesores universitarios que requiere acreditar en su perfil profesional competencias docentes, que les permitan orientar adecuadamente la formación del estudiante. Sin embargo, es evidente que la literatura es muy escasa cuando se indaga en el tema particular de competencias docentes transversales y específicas del profesor de programas de psicología; evidenciando la necesidad de investigación para aportar teóricamente sobre este tema.

Los currículos que abordan la formación de ciudadanos centrada en principios rectores, tienden a lograr una educación basada en valores que los estudiantes continuarán en las universidades, hasta lograr su formación técnica o profesional. El presente estudio busca identificar los valores que resaltan en el quehacer de los estudiantes universitarios dentro del modelo educativo colombiano. Se apoya en la teoría de valores asumida por Touriñán (2008); Spluga (2011); Merma et al. (2013); y Savater (2017). La investigación es de enfoque cuantitativo, de tipo descriptiva, transeccional y no experimental. La población está conformada por ciento sesenta y cuatro (164) alumnos matriculados en el Programa Gastronomía de la Universidad Católica Luis Amigó, Medellín – Colombia, para el II periodo de 2019, de los cuales se seleccionó una muestra probabilística de treinta y nueve (39) estudiantes. Los resultados revelan que los educandos otorgan más importancia a valores como: Responsabilidad, honradez, respeto y felicidad, que a otros como: Trabajo, solidaridad, capacidad de reflexión e independencia. Se concluye, que aun cuando los valores de los estudiantes se consolidan a lo largo de un proceso continuo que comienza en la familia, en la universidad hay que profundizar sus conductas para lograr profesionales integrales y competentes.

Este artículo se enmarca en una línea de investigación que pretende analizar el humor como estrategia creativa en el ensayo audiovisual español. Para ilustrar el objetivo propuesto, se han revisado tres largometrajes que, a pesar de su diversidad, encajan, de una u otra forma y con diversos objetivos, en esta manera de enunciación cinematográfica: La casa Emak Bakia (Oskar Alegria, 2012), Mapa (Elías León Siminiani, 2012) y Muchos hijos, un mono y un castillo (Gustavo Salmerón, 2017). Los tres comparten algunas características del ensayo audiovisual (la reflexividad, la escritura del yo y una preocupación estética que llega al cuestionamiento de las propias formas de expresión) y recurren al humor como un recurso para construir sus relatos. Por ello, se han revisado algunas de las características del ensayo audiovisual, se ha analizado el humor como elemento narrativo que se consigue a través de diversas instancias enunciativas y se ha pasado revista a dos recursos al servicio del humor.

Mycotic diseases are considered a worldwide growing concern related to public health. Lobomycosis like disease (LLD) (Lacazia loboi) is a chronic and progressive infection in skin of humans and small cetaceans present in both sides of the Americas, including Mexico but information is still limited. Marine predators are indicators of potential risks for human and wildlife health, including fungal diseases like LLD in bottlenose dolphins. Here we report the first findings of an initial assessment in LLD epidemiology, pathology, and behavioral constraints of coastal bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) from the Southwestern Gulf of Mexico (SWGM). Overall, LLD prevalence in the population was low, within ranges reported for the species, and only in highly associated unisexual pairs near the Alvarado coastal waters. Photo-identified individuals exhibited an annual increase in average progression for LLD skin lesions. Gross lesions and skin biopsy evidenced mycotic structures and subcutaneous alterations associated to LLD. Habitat quality, demographic, and social characteristics of bottlenose dolphins are likely influencing LLD geographical expansion and temporal prevalence, but global and local climate variability may influence LLD epidemiology, implying a potential risk for human and dolphin health from coastal communities at the SWGM.

Abstract Background More than 40 pathogenic heterozygous PRNP mutations causing inherited prion diseases have been identified to date. Recessive inherited prion disease has not been described to date. Methods We describe the clinical and neuropathological data of inherited early-onset prion disease caused by the rare PRNP homozygous mutation R136S. In vitro PrPSc propagation studies were performed using recombinant-adapted protein misfolding cyclic amplification technique. Brain material from two R136S homozygous patients was intracranially inoculated in TgMet129 and TgVal129 transgenic mice to assess the transmissibility of this rare inherited form of prion disease. Results The index case presented symptoms of early-onset dementia beginning at the age of 49 and died at the age of 53. Neuropathological evaluation of the proband revealed abundant multicentric PrP plaques and Western blotting revealed a ~ 8 kDa protease-resistant, unglycosylated PrPSc fragment, consistent with a Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker phenotype. Her youngest sibling suffered from progressive cognitive decline, motor impairment, and myoclonus with onset in her late 30s and died at the age of 48. Genetic analysis revealed the presence of the R136S mutation in homozygosis in the two affected subjects linked to homozygous methionine at codon 129. One sibling carrying the heterozygous R136S mutation, linked to homozygous methionine at codon 129, is still asymptomatic at the age of 74. The inoculation of human brain homogenates from our index case and an independent case from a Portuguese family with the same mutation in transgenic mice expressing human PrP and in vitro propagation of PrPSc studies failed to show disease transmissibility. Conclusion In conclusion, biallelic R136S substitution is a rare variant that produces inherited early-onset human prion disease with a Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker neuropathological and molecular signature. Even if the R136S variant is predicted to be “probably damaging”, heterozygous carriers are protected, at least from an early onset providing evidence for a potentially recessive pattern of inheritance in human prion diseases.

Abstract Background Studies on food cue reactivity have documented that altered responses to high-calorie food are associated with bulimic symptomatology, however, alterations in sexual motivations and behaviors are also associated clinical features in this population, which justify their inclusion as a research target. Here, we study responses to erotic cues—alongside food, neutral and aversive cues—to gain an understanding of specificity to food versus a generalized sensitivity to primary reinforcers. Methods We recorded peripheral psychophysiological indices –the startle reflex, zygomaticus, and corrugator responses—and self-reported emotional responses (valence, arousal, and dominance) in 75 women completing the Bulimia Test-Revised (BULIT-R). Multiple regression analysis tested whether BULIT-R symptoms were predicted by self-reported and psychophysiological responses to food versus neutral and erotic versus neutral images. Results The results showed that individuals with higher bulimic symptoms were characterized by potentiated eye blink startle response during binge food (vs. neutral images) and more positive valence ratings during erotic (vs. neutral) cues. Conclusions The results highlight the negative emotional reactivity of individuals with elevated bulimic symptoms toward food cues, which could be related to the risk of progression to full bulimia nervosa and thereby addressed in prevention efforts. Results also point to the potential role of reactivity to erotic content, at least on a subjective level. Theoretical models of eating disorders should widen their conceptual scope to consider reactivity to a broader spectrum of primary reinforcers, which would have implications for cue exposure-based treatments. Plain English summary We examined appetitive and aversive cue responses in college women to investigate how bulimic symptoms relate to primary reinforcers such as food and erotic images. We recorded peripheral psychophysiological indices (the startle reflex, zygomaticus, and corrugator responses) and self-reported emotional responses (valence, arousal, and dominance) in 75 college women that were presented with the Spanish version of the Bulimia Test-Revised. The results showed that bulimic symptoms increase both psychophysiological defensiveness toward food cues and subjective pleasure toward erotic cues. The findings suggest a generalized sensitivity to primary reinforcers in the presence of bulimic symptoms, and emphasize the relevance of adopting a wider framework in research and treatment on bulimia nervosa.

In recent years, titanium dioxide has shown high photocatalytic effectiveness when applied to different decontamination processes. However, the relatively low surface area of this material compared with those of other metal oxides limits its adsorption capacity. The modification of titanium dioxides with carbon species with high surface porosity is an excellent option in generating photocatalysts with high adsorption capacity and a promising activation potential. In addition, carbon materials may improve electron lifetime in TiO2 by decreasing charge recombination and reducing the band gap. In the present study, material synthesis has been carried out using different quantities of a variety of carbon species which were supported on mesoporous aggregates of photocatalytically active fluorine-doped anatase nanoparticles with ultra-reactive anatase facets {001}. These systems showed an initial adsorption capacity of 15–25% which favours an efficient photodegradation. High activity was observed in the adsorption/photodegradation of organic pollutants with elimination of up to 95% of concentrated solutions of methylene blue and common emerging pollutants such as ciprofloxacin (88%) and naproxen (75%) under UV light (300 W) in 10 min. Moreover, the systems were also doped with palladium nanoparticles thus becoming effective heterogeneous catalysts in Suzuki-Miyaura reactions with good to excellent halide conversions (between 80 and 99% for the formation of biphenyl derivatives) and high TON values (up to 110) at short reaction times and low Pd loading.

Known genetic loci account for only a fraction of the genetic contribution to Alzheimer’s disease. Here, the authors have performed a large genome-wide meta-analysis comprising 409,435 individuals to discover 6 new loci and demonstrate the efficacy of an Alzheimer’s disease polygenic risk score.

Abstract Background Alzheimer disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder affecting the elderly with a prevalence of 7.1% in women and 3.3% in men. Sex-related patterns have been reported in prognosis, biomarker status, and risk factors. Despite this, the interaction of sex has received limited attention, with AD trials persistently recruiting lower numbers of women than the population distribution and a lack of information on the sex-disaggregated effects of anti-dementia therapies. This is the first study aiming to identify the role of sex in the selection for screening in AD clinical trials. Methods This cross-sectional study provides a comprehensive analysis of screening eligibility according to a set of pre-selection criteria currently applied at Fundació ACE memory clinic for a more efficient trial screening process. A cohort of 6667 women and 2926 men diagnosed with AD dementia (55%) or mild cognitive impairment (45%) was analyzed. We also assessed the frequencies of men and women effectively screened for trial enrolment over a period of 10 years. Additionally, data from AddNeuroMed study was used to explore trends in eligibility based on the education criteria. Results Women showed a significantly lower chance of being eligible for screening than men (OR = 1.26; p < 0.01). This imbalance was confirmed by a lower frequency of women screened for enrolment compared to the study population (63.0% vs. 69.5%). Education was revealed as the key criterion contributing to this unbalance, with men showing over twice the chance of being screened compared with women (OR = 2.25, p < 0.01). Education-based differences were greater in earlier born patients, but the gap narrowed and achieved balance with increasing year of birth. This observation was replicated using data from other European populations included in AddNeuroMed study. Comorbidity was the most limiting criterion with sex differences in frequencies and significant discrimination against the selection of men (OR = 0.86, p < 0.01). Conclusions The large number of low-educated elderly women with AD demands for a sex-focused approach in clinical research. New assessment tools insensitive to education level should be developed to enable a proportional representation of women. Although this gender education gap is mostly inexistent in developed countries, economic or cultural factors may lead to different scenarios in other regions. Overlooking the impact of sex may lead to a handicap in AD research with a direct adverse impact on women’s health.

El uso eficaz de las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación, en forma de competencia digital, se ha convertido en una parte indispensable de la vida humana en el siglo XXI, no solo para el ocio sino también para el trabajo. Este estudio tiene como objetivo investigar el desarrollo de la competencia digital en el ámbito de la traducción, considerando variables personales como el género, la edad, la experiencia en la traducción y el grado autopercibido de competencia digital. Los participantes fueron 201 traductores que fueron encuestados a nivel nacional y virtualmente a través de un cuestionario adaptado de Competencias Digitales de Traductores Contemporáneos, que engloba 87 ítems agrupados en nueve categorías. Los resultados mostraron que la seguridad digital y la ofimática fueron las categorías de competencia digital más reportadas, mientras que la planificación de proyectos y la traducción asistidas por computadora fueron las menos reportadas, aunque en general toda la muestra obtuvo calificaciones relativamente bajas en competencia digital (por debajo de 1.6 en una escala de 0-3). En cuanto a las variables personales, se encontraron diferencias de género en las competencias digitales dentro de la categoría de localización y traducción audiovisual; es decir, los traductores del género masculino indicaron un mayor uso de dichas competencias. Además, la edad de los traductores se correlacionó positivamente con cinco categorías de competencia digital y los años de experiencia traductora se correlacionó con las nueve categorías, lo que significa que esta última surgió como un mejor descriptor. Por demás interesante, se observaron gráficamente diferencias significativas en los tres niveles de autopercepción de competencias, lo que refleja una alta coherencia en lo que informaron los participantes por cada competencia en particular. Finalmente, se discuten algunas implicaciones pedagógicas y profesionales en aras del diseño curricular y la capacitación y el desarrollo del traductor profesional.

Background and Objectives: Central aortic pressure (CAP) can be measured through noninvasive methods, and CAP wave analysis can provide information about arterial stiffness. The objective of this study was to compare CAP in women with preeclampsia and normotensive postpartum women from an urban region in western Mexico. Materials and Methods: We recruited 78 women in immediate puerperium, including 39 with preeclampsia and 39 with normotension, who received delivery care in our hospital between September 2017 and January 2018. Pulse wave analysis was used to assess central hemodynamics as well as arterial stiffness with an oscillometric device. For this purpose, the measurement of the wave of the left radial artery was obtained with a wrist applanation tonometer and the ascending aortic pressure wave was generated using the accompanying software (V 1.1, Omron, Japan). Additionally, the systolic CAP, diastolic pressure, pulse pressure, heart rate, and rise rate adjusted for a heart rate of 75 bpm were determined. The radial pulse wave was calibrated using the diastolic and mean arterial pressures obtained from the left brachial artery. For all the statistical analyses, we considered p < 0.05 to be significant. Results: The results were as follows: a systolic CAP of 125.40 (SD 15.46) vs. 112.10 (SD 10.12) with p < 0.0001 for women with and without preeclampsia, respectively. Systolic CAP was significantly elevated in women with preeclampsia and could indicate an elevated risk of cardiovascular disease. Conclusion: CAP is an important parameter that can be measured in this group of patients and is significantly elevated in women with postpartum preeclampsia, even when the brachial blood pressure is normal.

The use of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NP) in consumer products is increasing, raising concern about their potential toxicity to human health. Nanoparticles have endocrine disrupting effects and can induce oxidative stress, leading to biomolecule oxidation and cell dysfunction. The ovary is one of the most important endocrine organs in female reproduction. Nanoparticles accumulate in the ovary, but it is unknown whether and how exposure to these materials disrupts antral follicle functions. Thus, this study tested the hypothesis that the in vitro exposure to ZnO NPs affects the steroidogenic pathway and induces oxidative stress in ovarian antral follicles. Antral follicles from CD-1 mice were cultured with ZnO NPs (5, 10, and 15 µg/mL) for 96 h. ZnO NP exposure did not affect apoptosis and cell cycle regulators at any of the tested concentrations. ZnO NP exposure at low levels (5 µg/mL) increased aromatase levels, leading to increased estradiol levels and decreased estrogen receptor alpha (Esr1) expression. ZnO NP exposure at 15 µg/mL induced an antioxidant response in the antral follicles as evidenced by changes in expression of antioxidant molecules (Nrf2, Cat, Sod1, Gsr, Gpx) and decreased levels of reactive oxygen species. Interestingly, ZnO NPs dissolve up to 50% in media and are internalized in cells as soon as 1 h after culture. In conclusion, ZnO NPs are internalized in antral follicles, leading to increased estrogen production and an antioxidant response.

Objective: We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of the combination of atorvastatin and N-acetyl cysteine in increasing platelet counts in patients with immune thrombocytopenia who were resistant to steroid therapy or had a relapse after treatment. Material and Methods: The patients included in this study received oral treatment of atorvastatin at a dose of 40 mg daily and N-acetyl cysteine at a dose of 400 mg every 8 h. The desired treatment duration was 12 months, but we included patients who completed at least 1 month of treatment in the analysis. The platelet counts were measured prior to the administration of the study treatment and in the first, third, sixth, and twelfth months of treatment (if available). A p value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: We included 15 patients who met our inclusion criteria. For the total treatment duration, the global response was 60% (nine patients); eight patients (53.3%) had a complete response and one patient (6.7%) had a partial response. Six patients (40%) were considered as having undergone treatment failure. Of the responder group, five patients maintained a complete response after treatment (55.5%), three patients maintained a partial response (33.3%), and one patient (11.1%) lost their response to the treatment. All of the patients in the responder group had significant increases in their platelet counts after treatment (p < 0.05). Conclusion: This study provides evidence of a possible treatment option for patients with primary immune thrombocytopenia. However, further studies are needed.