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Emotional reactivity to binge food and erotic cues in women with bulimia nervosa symptoms

Authors :
Isabel Hernández-Rivero
Jens Blechert
Laura Miccoli
Katharina Naomi Eichin
M. Carmen Fernández-Santaella
Rafael Delgado-Rodríguez
Source :
Journal of Eating Disorders, Vol 9, Iss 1, Pp 1-11 (2021)
Publication Year :
2021
Publisher :
BMC, 2021.

Abstract

Abstract Background Studies on food cue reactivity have documented that altered responses to high-calorie food are associated with bulimic symptomatology, however, alterations in sexual motivations and behaviors are also associated clinical features in this population, which justify their inclusion as a research target. Here, we study responses to erotic cues—alongside food, neutral and aversive cues—to gain an understanding of specificity to food versus a generalized sensitivity to primary reinforcers. Methods We recorded peripheral psychophysiological indices –the startle reflex, zygomaticus, and corrugator responses—and self-reported emotional responses (valence, arousal, and dominance) in 75 women completing the Bulimia Test-Revised (BULIT-R). Multiple regression analysis tested whether BULIT-R symptoms were predicted by self-reported and psychophysiological responses to food versus neutral and erotic versus neutral images. Results The results showed that individuals with higher bulimic symptoms were characterized by potentiated eye blink startle response during binge food (vs. neutral images) and more positive valence ratings during erotic (vs. neutral) cues. Conclusions The results highlight the negative emotional reactivity of individuals with elevated bulimic symptoms toward food cues, which could be related to the risk of progression to full bulimia nervosa and thereby addressed in prevention efforts. Results also point to the potential role of reactivity to erotic content, at least on a subjective level. Theoretical models of eating disorders should widen their conceptual scope to consider reactivity to a broader spectrum of primary reinforcers, which would have implications for cue exposure-based treatments. Plain English summary We examined appetitive and aversive cue responses in college women to investigate how bulimic symptoms relate to primary reinforcers such as food and erotic images. We recorded peripheral psychophysiological indices (the startle reflex, zygomaticus, and corrugator responses) and self-reported emotional responses (valence, arousal, and dominance) in 75 college women that were presented with the Spanish version of the Bulimia Test-Revised. The results showed that bulimic symptoms increase both psychophysiological defensiveness toward food cues and subjective pleasure toward erotic cues. The findings suggest a generalized sensitivity to primary reinforcers in the presence of bulimic symptoms, and emphasize the relevance of adopting a wider framework in research and treatment on bulimia nervosa.

Details

Language :
English
ISSN :
20502974
Volume :
9
Issue :
1
Database :
Directory of Open Access Journals
Journal :
Journal of Eating Disorders
Publication Type :
Academic Journal
Accession number :
edsdoj.52749cd947540d0b8b1b8367f0f121b
Document Type :
article
Full Text :
https://doi.org/10.1186/s40337-021-00475-9