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There is currently an urgent demand to reuse waste heat from industrial processes with approaches that require minimal investment and low cost of operation. Thermoacoustic generator (TAG) is a device that converts heat energy into useful work through the use of acoustic wave, porous media (honeycomb ceramic celcor) and heat exchangers that are all enclosed in a custom-defined resonator. This paper reports the basic design of thermoacoustic generator that is tested using a design software known as a Design Environmental for Low-amplitude Thermoacoustic Energy Conversion (DeltaEC). Many studies have highlighted the relationships between the geometry of the stack and the performance of the device. In this study, attention is given on the impact of the length of stack which was found to be the best at a length of 0.6 m when the frequency of the flow is at 127.4 Hz. Performance indicators like the acoustic power and the temperature difference across the stack have been used to analyse the results. The result shows that the highest acoustic power can be achieved when the generator that work with air at an atmospheric pressure is designed with a resonator of 2.14 m long and a stack with a length of 0.6 m. The maximum value for acoustic power is predicted to be as much as 24.01 kW.

Thermoacoustics offer alternative solution for cooling needs where a method that is safer to environment is used. The thermodynamic process that needs to be completed by using interaction between inert gaseous and porous material must be made efficient so that the system works properly. This paper reports numerical and experimental investigations of the use of several porous material in air at atmospheric pressure to provide cooling effect. Experimental investigation was also conducted by using cheap and abundant materials as the porous media. Results were collected at two different frequencies and with two different stack lengths. The study showed that thin-walled honeycomb porous structure made of polycarbonate offers the best temperature for thermoacoustic cooler with air at atmospheric pressure. The best COP of 4.73 was recorded. Disparity between numerical and experimental results is expected to be the result of losses that need to be carefully addressed in the future especially when long stack is used in the system.

A molded expanded polystyrene (EPS) cushion is a flexible, closed-cell foam that can be molded to fit any packing application and is effective at absorbing shock. However, the packaging waste of EPS cushions causes pollution to landfills and the environment. Despite being known to cause pollution, this sustainable packaging actually has the potential to reduce this environmental pollution because of its reusability. Therefore, the objective of this study is to identify the accurate design parameter that can be emphasized in producing a sustainable design of EPS cushion packaging. An experimental method of drop testing and design simulation analysis was conducted. The effectiveness of the design parameters was also verified. Based on the results, there are four main elements that necessitate careful consideration: rib positioning, EPS cushion thickness, package layout, and packing size. These parameter findings make a significant contribution to sustainable design, where these elements were integrated directly to reduce and reuse packaging material. Thus, it has been concluded that 48 percent of the development cost of the cushion was decreased, 25 percent of mold modification time was significantly saved, and 27 percent of carbon dioxide (CO2) reduction was identified. The findings also aided in the development of productive packaging design, in which these design elements were beneficial to reduce environmental impact. These findings had a significant impact on the manufacturing industry in terms of the economics and time of the molded expanded polystyrene packaging development.

The thermoacoustic engine can be a device to convert waste heat energy in the engine car become useful energy such as for charging battery in car or Air conditioner of the car. This work can be done by experimentally and numerically. There are some parameters that have an impact on the performance of the engine. They are geometry of the engines, working fluid, and mean pressure. The performance of the engine depends on the efficiency and the heating temperature. In the car, waste heat energy is not high enough. Therefore, we need to utilize the low heating temperature to be converted into useful energy. This study contributes to numerically the effect of mean pressure and loop’s radius of the regenerator on the onset temperature and the efficiency of traveling wave thermoacoustic engines. The application that is used to solve numerical problems is fortran95. There are two codings that are used in fortran95. They are stability limits and efficiency codes. The lowest onset temperature that achieved is 153˚C with efficiency up to 38.1% that can be reached when the mean pressure is 4.0 MPa and the loop's radius is 5 cm. This result indicated that we can use low heating temperatures from waste heat of engine car to turn on electronics equipment inside the car.

In today's world, transportation system has a very vital role to play in day to day life. However, when it comes to take the public transportation especially bus transport, time and patience are of essence. In the other word, many people who use bus transport have experienced time loss because of waiting at the bus stop. In order to overcome this problem, the Malaysia Public Bus Monitoring Real-Time System via GPS and GSM is implemented to help the bus user to track the current location of the bus in the form of latitude and longitude coordinates by using GPS technology. It is to reduce the waiting time of the bus user and enhance the current bus service system to become more effective and efficient. This technology of Global Positioning System and Global System for Mobile communication is used where the GPS module will track on the current position of a particular bus by receiving signal from at least three GPS satellites. The data is then will be send to the microcontroller unit to be processed, control and interpreted. A microcontroller board based on the ATmega328P act as interface between the GPS and GSM Module where it will perform the process to interpret the output and input. As for the GSM Module, it will be used to allow the message to be sent to the user regarding the current bus position. As the outcome, the bus user will receive a text message containing the latitude and longitude coordinate of the current bus position. Results show that the location of the bus can be tracked in the form of latitude and longitude coordinates by using GPS technology. The waiting time of the bus user can be reduced by applying the GSM technology to inform the user vis Short Message Service. The current bus service system can also be enhanced to be more effective and efficient.

Lower limb rehabilitation as assisted by physiotherapists plays an important role for post-stroke recovery to help patient to regain body movement, gait and speech capabilities in which the rehabilitation process is performed at the hospital or rehabilitation centre. However, transporting the patients to such places for scheduled appointments would increase the overall cost and become unfavourable. Therefore, a prototype of portable home-based lower limb rehabilitation equipment is developed in this paper that is able to analyse the human muscle contraction during rehabilitation session and interpret the patient's progress in terms of animation performance scoring. Specifically, the developed rehabilitation equipment consists of an actuator for lower limb flexion and extension activities in which three electromyogram (EMG) electrodes are patched on the rectus femoris muscle for muscle contraction signal reading during the rehabilitation procedure. This project used Arduino as the microcontroller to collect the muscle contraction signal and interpret them in terms of animation to visualize the patient's progress. The assimilation test performed to a normal individual showed that the developed rehabilitation equipment has successfully collected vigorous muscle contraction during rehabilitation procedure of lower limb and visualized the performance-based index of the muscle progress via animation.

In this democracy world, voting is a way to determine and show the result choice of the majority. In Malaysia all earlier elections a voter used to cast his vote by using ballot paper and it is still being used until now. This is a long, time-consuming process and very much prone to errors. With people now getting busy in their work and voters had to come far away to voting center while some voters don't like to wait in queues. In this project, Cost Effective Real-Time Polling System is introduced using text messages to cast vote of their choice. The voting system is based on short message service to eliminate the drawback of traditional voting method. It used a microcontroller board based on the ATmega328P and equipped with groups of digital and analog input/output pins interfaced to several extension boards. In power failure condition, all votes will still be stored in the EEPROM memory. The results show the LCD screen with the total number of vote that have been collected during the voting process. This work indicates that it has reduced the polling time, the accurate vote data information without any mischief at the counting center and more efficiency in getting overall results.

In modern electronic devices for both consumer and industrial, wireless technology is rapidly becoming a must have feature. Wireless Bluetooth technology is now standard in almost all mobile phones, laptops and other devices. There are a few similar projects on the market previously and totally rely on main supply which limits the usage strictly. This project of Cost Effective Real-Time Polling System is designed to create self-sufficient system than can send audio data from a phone or other device. It allows the Bluetooth technology to directly integrate into small scale project at a low cost, while remaining fully functional and extensible. By using loud amplifier with IC TDA7240A and 12V input voltage, the amplifier is operated and produced loud audio output for outdoor purpose. It produces a small battery powered speakers and solar panel that can produce enough power to charge the battery by using solar charge controller to control and protect the battery. The Bluetooth module 5V input voltage and the voltage regulator is used to step down the voltage from 12V to 5V. Furthermore, IC LM3914 is used in this project to indicate the battery level capacity. Result shows that by using IC TDA7240A, the output audio was very loud and clear when the volume increased to 80%.

This paper describes about the implementation of redesign the component of grass cutting machine by using the application of Design for Manufacturing and Assembly (DFMA) methodology. The scope based on the existing grass cutting machine and the appropriate of DFMA methodology. The data was analysed by using Boothroyd-Dewhurst Design for Manufacture and Assembly method to verify the design efficiency, handling ratio and fitting ratio to achieve. The new proposed design of grass cutting machine drawn using CATIA V5 software based As a result, the assembly time for redesign showed an improvement of 18.68% where the assembly time was reduced from 568.84 s to 462.59 s and design efficiency was increased 8.33% from 24.40% to 34.70%. The total part, handling ratio fitting ratio and cost of existing design is reduced. Eventually, the improvement of redesign grass cutting machine the best design with optimal value is accomplished.

Thermoacoustic Heat Engine probably the most efficient energy source for electronic devices for the next 10 year ahead that require small amount of electrical energy to operate. This study was to simulate the Thermoacoustic Heat Engine (TAHE) standing wave system by conducting a Fluid Structure Interaction (FSI) by using a Thermoacoustic system’s software named DeltaEC for better uderstanding on the fundamental of TAHE standing wave system. Some characteristics or parameters in the system that were studied in order to derive the fundamental knowledge of TAHE standing wave system. The thickness of Hot Heat Exchangers (Hot HX) plays the major role in affecting the maximum acoustic power generated, the level of onset temperature difference and maximum pressure amplitude followed by the stack length. Hot HX dimension (thickness) contributes nearly 3.3% changes in maximum acoustic power where the lowest thickness scores the highest maximum acoustic power generated. 2.9% of increment on maximum acoustic power generated by altering the length of the stack by 5 mm.

Experimental studies are conducted on active vibration control using self-tuning proportional integral derivative and self-tuning proportional iterative learning algorithm control schemes to suppress vibration on a flexible beam via real-time computer control. An experimental rig is developed to investigate controller performance when a change in the dynamic behavior of the flexible beam system occurs. The performance of the self-tuning control schemes is validated experimentally and compared with that of conventional control schemes through the use of an iterative learning algorithm. Experimental results clearly reveal the effectiveness and robustness of the self-tuning control schemes over conventional control schemes.

Utilization of alternative fuels and utilization of waste heat has also become a major research area. This study reports on an investigation on a development of an energy converter of heat engine that converts energy from a waste heat flow process into acoustic power. The energy power converter operates with a temperature gradient imposed on a Celcor ceramic stack which then induces pressure oscillations. The system consists of a simple stainless steel pipe tube with a range of diameter open at one end. A waste heat gas is used to model a potential heat source from automobile engine. A two heat exchanger is required while copper plates are used as the ambient heat exchanger and hot heat exchanger. Effects on pressure oscillations have been observed with a calculated heat rate of 50 W at the stack. The system which operates at atmospheric pressure with air as the working fluid indicates a potential in utilizing the heat produced from waste heat automobile engine into making a new energy resource.

A green technology of acoustic of fluid-structure interactions become an emerging technology today, a call thermoacoustic heat engine. Thermoacoutics heat engine systems convert the energy on a harvesting from a waste heat energy and convert to an electrical energy. That component of devices a call a hot heat exchangers. This paper study was focused on a new design of thermoacoustics heat exchanger and investigation of its performance in terms of thermal analysis. A conceptual design was produced with three designs of hot heat exchangers, which are wire-type, finger-type and star-type. Commercial code ANSYS-CFX software are used on the evaluation, the heat exchanger’s designs were simulated with two thermal conditions which are steady state and transient heat conduction. Materialselection from copper and aluminium a chosen to look-out the engagement between theoretical and numerical study. There are three inlet temperatures that are assumed will be supplied by constant waste heat which are 200°C, 350°C and 500°C.The star-type design has the highest value of heat conduction through a fin heat conduction with copper as a material which is 32.84W. Star-type hot heat exchanger recorded the fastest time to distribute temperature compared to wiretype and fingertype heat exchanger. Result shown the combination between star-type design and copper material will produce a good agreement to design a hot heat exchanger. Normal 0 false false false EN-MY X-NONE X-NONE /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin-top:0cm; mso-para-margin-right:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0cm; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;}