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Cyberbullying is an extremely damaging form of interpersonal violence. Little is yet known about cyberbullying behaviors in the child and youth population during the COVID-19 pandemic and what effect this reduction in face-to-face social interactions has had on an increase in socialization via the Internet and cyberbullying. The present study is a cross-sectional descriptive study conducted in young people between the ages of 12 and 27 years attending two secondary schools in southern Spain (

Cryogels from noble metal NPs have proven to be highly efficient catalysts due to their high specific surface area which increases the mass transfer channels and catalytic active sites. By using metal oxides as co-catalysts, the costs of the material can be significantly reduced, while the catalytic activity can remain the same or even improve due to synergetic effects. In this work, we synthesize different cryogel thin films supported on modified ITO substrates from Pt, Pd nanoparticles (NPs), and mixtures of these noble metals with γ-Fe2O3 NPs in a very low concentration (1 wt% of the noble metal). Structural and elemental analysis of the samples are performed, along with the measurement and analysis of their catalytic activity. The electrocatalytic activity of the cryogels towards ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR) in alkaline media was evaluated by means of cyclic voltammetry. By mixing γ-Fe2O3 NPs with Pt or Pd NPs in the cryogel structure, we observe increased tolerance against poisonous surface intermediates produced during the EOR. Moreover, we observe an increase in the catalytic activity towards EOR in the case of the 1 wt% Pd/γ-Fe2O3 cryogel, making them promising materials for the development of direct ethanol fuel cells.

We are indebted to Yamirka Rojas-Agramonte, Ian Williams, and an anonymous reviewer for their constructive comments. The thorough revision and editorial handling by Sumit Chakraborty are also gratefully acknowledged. This work has been financially supported by the research projects CGL2017-84469-P funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033/FEDER "Una manera de hacer Europa", PID2020-114872GB-I00 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033, and P20 _00550, P18-FR-1696 and A-RNM-245-UGR18 funded by FEDER/Junta de Andalucia-Consejeria de Transformacion Economica, Industria, Conocimiento y Universidades, and by grants PRE2018-083193 to I.M., funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 y FSE "El FSE invierte en tu futuro" and IJC2018-037960-I to A.C. funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 (Juan de la Cierva program) . Funding for open access charge: Universidad de Granada/CBUA . It is the IBERSIMS publication no. 82., Zircon derived from crustal rocks can survive dissolution into hot basalts during magma hybridization and rock assimilation if it is shielded as an inclusion phase in early-formed phenocrysts or in minerals from non-disaggregated xenoliths. Under these conditions, zircon can be thermally shocked, triggering recrystallization of metamict domains and reaction with its hosted mineral inclusions. This work simulates this process by performing thermal annealing experiments on zircon grains with variable degrees of metamictization. These were embedded in cristobalite powder under a N2 atmosphere at 1 bar and 1300 °C. The thermal annealing produces recrystallization of metamict domains, melting of multi-phase mineral inclusions, nanopore formation, and microcrack propagation by thermo-elastic stress. The porosity enhances intracrystalline melt mobility, leaching out trace-element and mineral impurities. Baddeleyite was formed at temperatures below the thermal decomposition of pure zircon by two mechanisms: (i) recrystallization of metamict domains assisted by silica migration from the reaction site and (ii) incongruent zircon dissolution into molten mineral inclusions with a high CaO/ SiO2 ratio. Highly metamict zircons with elevated common Pb and radiogenic Pb loss, which were impossible to date with SHRIMP, lost all their common Pb and some radiogenic Pb upon annealing, producing well-fitted discordias with a significant upper intercept age., MCIN/AEI/FEDER "Una manera de hacer Europa" CGL2017-84469-P, MCIN/AEI PID2020-114872GB-I00 PRE2018-083193, FEDER/Junta de Andalucia-Consejeria de Transformacion Economica, Industria, Conocimiento y Universidades P20 _00550 P18-FR-1696 an A-RNM-245-UGR18, FSE "El FSE invierte en tu futuro" PRE2018-083193, MCIN/AEI (Juan de la Cierva program) IJC2018-037960-I, Universidad de Granada/CBUA

We have investigated the structural, magnetic, and electrical transport properties of Pr_(0.7)Sr_(0.3)Mn_(1-x)Co_(x) O_(3) nanopowders (x = 0, 0.05, 0.10 and 0.15). The Pechini Sol-gel method was used to synthesize these nanopowders. X-ray diffraction at room temperature shows that all the nano powders have an orthorhombic structure of Pnma space group crystallography. The average crystallite size of samples x = 0, 0.05, 0.10, and 0.15 are 33.78 nm, 29 nm, 33.61 nm, and 24.27 nm, respectively. Semi-quantitative chemical analysis by energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) confirms the expected stoichiometry of the sample. Magnetic measurements indicate that all samples show a ferromagnetic (FM) to paramagnetic (PM) transition with increasing temperature. The Curie temperature T-C gradually decreases (300 K, 270 K, 250 K, and 235 K for x = 0, 0.05, 0.10, and 0.15, respectively) with increasing Co concentrations. The M-H curves for all compounds reveal the PM behavior at 300 K, while the FM behavior characterizes the magnetic hysteresis at low temperature (5 K). The electrical resistivity measurements show that all compounds exhibit metallic behavior at low temperature (T < T rho) well fitted by the relation rho = rho_(0) + rho_(2)T^(2) + rho_(4.5) T^(4.5) and semiconductor behavior above T rho (T > T rho), for which the electronic transport can be explained by the variable range hopping model and the adiabatic small polaron hopping model. All samples have significant magnetoresistance (MR) values, even at room temperature. This presented research provides an innovative and practical approach to develop materials in several technological areas, such as ultra-high density magnetic recording and magneto resistive sensors.

The amphibole-plagioclase NaSi-CaAl exchange thermometer by Holland and Blundy (1994) (expression B) has been extensively applied to calcic amphibole-bearing assemblages from metamorphic and igneous rocks, whereas the more recent calibrations of the amphibole-only thermometer by Ridolfi and Renzulli (2012) (expression 2) and Putirka (2016) (expressions 5 and 6) are employed for determining amphibole-saturation temperatures in hydrous magmas. However, a test of these expressions performed on experimental data compiled from the literature reveals significant inaccuracies, tending expression B to underestimate temperatures in high-Mg amphibole, and the amphibole-only expressions to overestimate temperatures in amphibole with either low Mg or high AlVI occupancies. Amphibole NaM4 and Fe3+ occupancies can also affect significantly the accuracy of expression B. In this work, we present three new accurate calibrations (expressions A1, A2, and B2) of the amphibole-plagioclase NaSi-CaAl exchange thermometer calculated by robust regression methods based on multiple maximum-likelihood estimators (MM-estimators; Yohai 1987), considering various calibration and test data subsets to evaluate the robustness of the derived parameters in the thermodynamic models, and the accuracy and precision of the expressions. Non-ideality in plagioclase was corrected using the ternary feldspar solution model of Elkins and Grove (1990) in expressions A1 and A2, whereas the simplified version of the Darken’s Quadratic Formalism (DQF) approach of Holland and Powell (1992) was used in expression B2. The formulation of the multisite macroscopic solution model of Powell and Holland (1993) was used for deriving the mixing parameters of amphibole in the three calibrations. Expression B2 is strictly pressure-independent, while the two others show a negligible dependence on pressure for plagioclase with low orthoclase component ( The new expressions can be used in a wide range of igneous and high-grade metamorphic rocks that bear subcalcic to calcic amphibole and oligoclase or more calcic plagioclase. However, they must be applied only to amphibole-plagioclase pairs whose compositions lie in the optimal region of use prescribed in the work.

Zircon derived from crustal rocks can survive dissolution into basic melt during rock assimilation and magma hybridization if shielded in mafic phenocrysts or minerals from non-disaggregated xenoliths. Under these conditions, zircon can be subject to thermal shock that triggers recrystallization of metamict domains and reaction with its hosted mineral inclusions. In this work, we simulate this process by performing thermal annealing experiments on zircon grains with a variable degree of metamictization. The results show recrystallization of metamict domains, melting of multi-phase mineral inclusions, nanopores formation, and microcracking propagation by thermo-elastic stress. Highly metamict zircon with elevated common-Pb and radiogenic-Pb loss, which were impossible to date with SHRIMP, lost all their common-Pb and some radiogenic-Pb upon annealing, producing well-fitted discordias with significant upper intercept age. The porosity enhances intracrystalline melt mobility, leaching out impurities. Baddeleyite was formed at temperatures below the thermal decomposition of pure zircon by two mechanisms: (1) incongruent zircon dissolution into molten mineral inclusions with a high CaO/SiO2 ratio (2) recrystallization of metamict domains aided by silica migration from the reaction site.

Objectives: To evaluate (1) the effect of a salivary substitute prepared using chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) flower and flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) seed to relieve Primary burning mouth sy...

Samples with inversion parameter values (δ) ranging from 0.27 to 0.14 while maintaining the crystallite size value have been successfully fabricated from commercially available powders by mechanical grinding and thermal annealing treatments at temperatures ranging between 400 and 600 °C. Detailed characterization studies of these samples using X-ray, neutron diffraction and magnetic measurements have confirmed for the first time the simultaneous coexistence at 2 K of short range antiferromagnetic and ferrimagnetic ordering for a wide range of the inversion parameter. The magnetic phase diagram obtained is different from the one previously reported, which shows at 2 K the coexistence of long range antiferromagnetic order and short range order for values of inversion parameters less than 0.1 and the presence of a ferrimagnetic order only for values of δ > 0.2. At room temperature, the Rietveld analysis of NPD patterns and the magnetization curves showed a paramagnetic behavior in the samples with δ ≤ 0.1. For the samples with higher cationic inversion, typical hysteresis curves of ferrimagnetic materials were observed and the saturation magnetization values obtained agree quite well with the net magnetic moment obtained from the Rietveld refinement of the neutron diffraction patterns., The authors acknowledge ILL and the D1B-CRG (Ministerio de Ciencia, e Innovación, Spain) for the beam time allocated at both the D1B and D2B instruments (Jose A. Jimenez; M.A.COBOS; LLORENTE CARRASCO Irene and PUENTE ORENCH Ines. (2020). Effect of inversion degree on the magnetic properties of spinel zinc ferrite. Institut Laue-Langevin (ILL) doi:10.5291/ILL-DATA.CRG-2710; Jose A. Jimenez; M.A.COBOS; LLORENTE CARRASCO Irene; NASSIF Vivian and PUENTE ORENCH Ines. (2021). Evolution of the magnetic properties with annealing temperature of spinel zinc ferrite disordered by ball milling. Institut Laue-Langevin (ILL) doi:10.5291/ILL-DATA.CRG-2797, Jose A. Jimenez; M.A.COBOS; LLORENTE CARRASCO Irene and PUENTE ORENCH Ines. (2020). Effect of microstructural features and defects introduced by mechanical milling and thermal treatments on the magnetic order of spinel zinc. Institut Laue-Langevin (ILL) doi:10.5291/ILL-DATA.5-31-2742). This research has been funded by Spanish Ministries of Science and Innovation (MICINN) and of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO) by means of the AFORMAR (PID2019-109334RB) and RTI2018-095856-B-C21 projects, respectively. The support of the grants from the Community of Madrid number S2018/NMT-4381-MAT4.0-CM and P2018/NMT-4321 is also recognized.

This work describes the preparation, characterization and functionalization with magnetic nanoparticles of a bone tissue-mimetic scaffold composed of collagen and hydroxyapatite obtained through a biomineralization process. Bone remodeling takes place over several weeks and the possibility to follow it

The Ossa-Morena Zone (OMZ), SW Iberia, has numerous Lower Carboniferous compositionally zoned plutons that formed in a Variscan intra-orogenic extensional setting. This magmatism shows a wide compositional variation comprising alkaline, transitional, and calc-alkaline suites. The calc-alkaline suite was produced by hybridization of alkaline magmas with felsic melts generated by crustal anatexis related to the intrusion of mafic magmas in the middle crust. In this work, we present a textural and mineralogical study of the Variscan Valencia del Ventoso main pluton from the OMZ to track the compositional evolution of magmas during hybridization using constraints from amphibole compositions and to determine the P-T conditions of emplacement using amphibolebased thermobarometry. This pluton exhibits reverse zoning with an inner facies containing alkaline dolerites, gabbros, and quartz diorites, an intermediate facies with transitional diorites, and an outer facies with calc-alkaline quartz diorites to monzogranites. Magmas from the intermediate and border facies crystallized under oxidizing conditions at relatively low temperatures (range: 640–760 ◦C) and ca. 280–300 MPa, implying near H2O-saturated conditions. These rock facies show mineralogical evidence of hybridization between alkaline to mildly alkalic and calc-alkaline magmas. The former is inferred from the occurrence of antecrysts of labradorite-andesine, high-Ti pargasite-hastingsite, and biotite with deficiency in tetrahedral-site occupancy, a distinctive feature of biotite from the inner facies alkaline dolerites. This contrasts with later crystallization from the calc-alkaline magma of andesine-oligoclase, low-Ti magnesiohornblende-edenite, and biotite with full tetrahedral-site occupancy. Constraints from amphibole-melt compositional relationships in antecrystic high-Ti amphibole suggest that the alkaline magmatic component could have a high- to ultra-K affinity., Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (Gobierno de España), CGL2017-84469-P

The classical Al-in-hornblende barometer has been very successful in determining the depth of intrusion of metaluminous cordilleran granitoid plutons that bear the buffering assemblage at near solidus conditions: hornblende-biotite-plagioclase-orthoclase-quartz-sphene-two Fe-Ti-oxides (or one Fe-Ti oxide + epidote)-melt-vapor (e.g., [1-3]). Ridolfi et al. [4] and Ridolfi and Renzulli [5] derived empirical amphibole-only barometric expressions that could be potentially applied to a larger number of phenocrystic assemblages from volcanic rocks. However, Erdmann et al. [6] claimed that these barometers are inaccurate and can give untenable estimates. A graphical barometer based on the partitioning of Al and Si between amphibole and plagioclase was derived by Fershtater [7] using amphibole-plagioclase compositional pairs of rocks from the Urals. More recently, Molina et al. [8] calibrated an empirical expression based on experimental data that can be applied to igneous and high-grade metamorphic rocks. In order to compare the reliability of amphibole-only and amphibole-plagioclase barometry, in this work, we test the performance of the expressions of Ridolfi and Renzulli [5] and Molina et al. [8], using an experimental data set compiled from the literature that has been recently published by Molina et al. [9]. In accordance with Erdmann et al.[6], the test reveals unsustainable pressure estimates with the amphibole-only barometric expressions from Ridolfi and Renzulli [5]. By contrast, the amphibole-plagioclase barometer from Molina et al. [8] performs well and yields a precision better than 1.7 kbar for Qz-Amp-Pl and Ol-free-Cpx-Amp-Pl assemblages with amphibole compositions having > 1 apfu (23O; normalisation to 13-CNK) Al, 0.05-0.27 apfu Ti: and < 1.07 apfu Fe3+. References 1. Hammarstrom and Zen, 1986, American Mineralogist 71, 1297–1313. 2 Schmidt, 1992, Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 110, 304–310. 3. Anderson and Smith, 1995, American Mineralogist 80, 549-449. 4. Ridolfi et al., 2010, Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 160, 45–66. 5. Ridolfi and Renzulli, 2012, Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 163, 877–895. 6. Erdmann et al., 2014, Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 167, 1016 7. Fershtater, 1990, Geokhimiya 3, 328–335. 8. Molina et al., 2015, Lithos 232 286–305. 9. Molina et al., 2020; American Mineralogist, in press, https://doi.org/10.2138/am-2020-7400

Zircon inheritance is a common phenomenon in igneous rocks, although more frequent in granitoids. Zircons inherited from granite magmas mostly come from the source, not from wall rocks or xenoliths. Consequently, they can provide invaluable information about the source materials, melting temperature, and melt segregation conditions. Miller et al. (Geology 31:529–532, 2003) divided granite rocks according to their zircon saturation temperature (TZr) into “hot” (TZr > 800 °C, with little or no inherited zircon) and “cold” (TZr

Macroscopic materials with nanoscopic properties have recently been synthesized by self-assembling defined nanoparticles to form self-supported networks, so-called aerogels. Motivated by the promising properties of this class of materials, the search for versatile routes toward the controlled assembly of presynthesized nanoparticles into such ultralight macroscopic materials has become a great interest. Overcoating procedures of colloidal nanoparticles with polymers offer versatile means to produce aerogels from nanoparticles, regardless of their size, shape, or properties while retaining their original characteristics. Herein, we report on the surface modification and assembly of various building blocks: photoluminescent nanorods, magnetic nanospheres, and plasmonic nanocubes with particle sizes between 5 and 40 nm. The polymer employed for the coating was poly(isobutylene-alt-maleic anhydride) modified with 1-dodecylamine side chains. The amphiphilic character of the polymer facilitates the stability of the nanocrystals in aqueous media. Hydrogels are prepared via triggering the colloidally stable solutions, with aqueous cations acting as linkers between the functional groups of the polymer shell. Upon supercritical drying, the hydrogels are successfully converted into macroscopic aerogels with highly porous, open structure. Due to the noninvasive preparation method, the nanoscopic properties of the building blocks are retained in the monolithic aerogels, leading to the powerful transfer of these properties to the macroscale. The open pore system, the universality of the polymer-coating strategy, and the large accessibility of the network make these gel structures promising biosensing platforms. Functionalizing the polymer shell with biomolecules opens up the possibility to utilize the nanoscopic properties of the building blocks in fluorescent probing, magnetoresistive sensing, and plasmonic-driven thermal sensing.

Recent research has challenged the extended idea that when presented with conflicting information provided by different sources, children, as do adults, make epistemic judgments based on the past accuracy of each source. Instead, individuals may use relatively simple, but adaptive non-epistemic strategies. Here we examined how primary-school children (N = 114) and undergraduate students (N = 57) deal with conflicting information provided by two key sources of information in their day-to-day lives: their teacher and the Internet. In order to study whether the inaccuracy of a source generated a decline in trust, we manipulated this variable between participants: teacher-wrong and Internet-wrong conditions. For this, we first presented two baseline trials, followed by the accuracy manipulation, and finally, two post-test trials. Analyses were performed on group performance as well as on individual performance, to explore the individual patterns of responses. Results revealed that most participants showed no preference for any source during baseline, with no age differences in their overall choices. Crucially, when a given source provided inaccurate information about a familiar issue, most children and adults did not lose trust on this source. We propose tentative explanations for these findings considering potential differences in the participants’ strategies to approach the task, whether or not epistemic.

It is well stablished that heating efficiency of magnetic nanoparticles under radiofrequency fields is due to the hysteresis power losses. In the case of microwires (MWs), it is not clear at all since they undergo non-coherent reversal mechanisms that decrease the coercive field and, consequently, the heating efficiency should be much smaller than the nanoparticles. However, colossal heating efficiency has been observed in MWs with values ranging from 1000 to 2800 W/g, depending on length and number of microwires, at field as low as H = 36 Oe at f = 625 kHz. It is inferred that this colossal heating is due to the Joule effect originated by the eddy currents induced by the induction field B = M + χH parallel to longitudinal axis. This effect is observed in MWs with nearly zero magnetostrictive constant as Fe2.25Co72.75Si10B15 of 30 μm magnetic diameter and 5 mm length, a length for which the inner core domain of the MWs becomes axial. This colossal heating is reached with only 24 W of power supplied making these MWs very promising for inductive heating applications at a very low energy cost.

Materials displaying novel magnetic ground states signify the most exciting prospects for nanoscopic devices for nanoelectronics and spintronics. Spin transition materials, e.g., spin liquids and spin glasses, are at the forefront of this pursuit; but the few synthesis routes available do not produce them at the nanoscale. Thus, it remains an open question if and how their spin transition nature persists at such small dimensions. Here we demonstrate a new route to synthesize nanoparticles of spin transition materials, gas-diffusion electrocrystallization (GDEx), wherein the reactive precipitation of soluble metal ions with the products of the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), i.e., in situ produced H2O2, OH−, drives their formation at the electrochemical interface. Using mixtures of Cu2+ and Zn2+ as the metal precursors, we form spin transition materials of the herbertsmithite family—heralded as the first experimental material known to exhibit the properties of a quantum spin liquid (QSL). Single-crystal nanoparticles of ∼10–16 nm were produced by GDEx, with variable Cu/Zn stoichiometry at the interlayer sites of ZnxCu4−x(OH)6Cl2. For x = 1 (herbertsmithite) the GDEx nanoparticles demonstrated a quasi-QSL behavior, whereas for x = 0.3 (0.3 < x < 1 for paratacamite) and x = 0 (clinoatacamite) a spin-glass behavior was evidenced. Finally, our discovery not only confirms redox reactions as the driving force to produce spin transition nanoparticles, but also proves a simple way to switch between these magnetic ground states within an electrochemical system, paving the way to further explore its reversibility and overarching implications. ispartof: Nanoscale vol:12 issue:9 pages:5412-5421 ispartof: location:England status: published

To determine number, species of Candida and Candida resistance to antifungal therapy according to the metabolic control state and the associated salivary changes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2).Samples of non-stimulated saliva were collected from 52 patients with DM2. Salivary pH was measured and cultured on Sabouraud glucose agar and the values of CFU/ml were calculated. The species were presumptively identified using CHROMagar CandidaSixty six percent of the yeasts isolated were Candida albicans, followed by C. glabrata (20.7%). In patients with decompensated DM2, there was an inverse association between HbA1c value and salivary pH. At higher levels of salivary acidification, a greater diversity and quantity of yeasts of the genus Candida were observed. With nystatin, higher inhibition was observed at lower pH.The antifungal therapies could be more effective if it consider, qualitative salivary characteristics as pH, that could determine the susceptibility of species of Candida to at least to nystatin, which is the most used antifungal for treatment to oral candidiasis in patients with DM2.

To modulate the properties of degradable implants from outside of the human body rep-resents a major challenge in the field of biomaterials. Polylactic acid is one of the most used polymers in biomedical applications, but it tends to lose its mechanical properties too quickly during degradation. In the present study, a way to reinforce poly-L lactic acid (PLLA) with magnetic nano-particles (MNPs) that have the capacity to heat under radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (EMF) is proposed. As mechanical and degradation properties are related to the crystallinity of PLLA, the aim of the work was to explore the possibility of modifying the structure of the polymer through the heating of the reinforcing MNPs by EMF within the biological limit range f·H < 5·× 10 Am. Composites were prepared by dispersing MNPs under sonication in a solution of PLLA. The heat released by the MNPs was monitored by an infrared camera and changes in the polymer were ana-lyzed with differential scanning calorimetry and nanoindentation techniques. The crystallinity, hardness, and elastic modulus of nanocomposites increase with EMF treatment., This research was funded by Community of Madrid projects ADITIMAT-CM -S2018/NMT- 4411 and S2018/NMT-4381-MAT4.0-CM.C; Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation projects RTI2018-096391-B-C31, RTI2018-095856-B-C21 and PTA2015-10497-I; and Ayudas a la Movilidad PDI URJC 2018 and 2019

Objetivo: Presentar un caso de hernia de hiato como causa de enfermedad por reflujo gastroesofágico. Metodología: Mujer de 68 años valorada en Consultas Externas de Cirugía General por cuadro de dolor abdominal y pirosis. Diagnosticada de enfermedad por reflujo gastroesofágico secundaria a hernia de hiato, se propone tratamiento quirúrgico para realizar una técnica antirreflujo por vía laparoscópica. Resultados: El postoperatorio y el seguimiento cursaron sin complicaciones evidenciándose un esófago sin alteraciones de calibre y sin dificultades en la progresión de la columna de contraste al estómago. La paciente presenta un buen estado clínico y es dada de alta definitiva. Conclusiones: La hernia de hiato es una de las causas más frecuentes de enfermedad por reflujo gastroesofágico. En caso de fracaso del tratamiento médico, la cirugía antirreflujo por vía laparoscópica es la técnica de elección, permitiendo una más rápida y mejor recuperación postoperatoria, y un buen resultado funcional a largo plazo., Objective: To present a case of hiatus hernia as a cause of gastroesophageal reflux disease. Methodology: A 68-year-old woman was evaluated in External Consultations of General Surgery due to abdominal pain and heartburn. Being diagnosed with gastroesophageal reflux disease secondary to hiatus hernia, surgical treatment is proposed to perform a laparoscopic antireflux technique. Results: The postoperative period and follow-up were without complications, evidencing an esophagus without alterations of caliber and without difficulties in the progression of the contrast column to the stomach. The patient has a good clinical condition and is definitively discharged. Conclusions: Hiatus hernia is one of the most frequent causes of gastroesophageal reflux disease. In case of failure of medical treatment, laparoscopic antireflux surgery is the technique of choice, allowing a faster and better postoperative recovery, and a good long-term functional result.

Amelogenesis imperfecta (AI) is a group of enamel development disorders that alter the structure and chemical composition of the tissue. There is great variability in the clinical presentation; according to Witkop, AI can be categorized into 14 subtypes, which makes its diagnosis extremely complex. Objective: This study aimed to describe and determine the frequency of clinical and radiographic features and inheritance patterns found in 41 Chilean families diagnosed with diverse types of AI. Material and Methods: We analyzed the clinical records, photographs, pedigrees and radiographs of 121 individuals recruited between 2003 and 2016. All of the information was included in a database that was analyzed using the application Stata 14. Results: The 72 affected individuals had average age of 16 years, and no sex association with the presence of AI was found. The most frequent clinical subtypes were as follows: 43% hypomature, 25% hypoplastic, 21% hypomature/hypoplastic, 7% hypocalcified and 4% hypocalcified/hypoplastic. The number of severely affected teeth was 22, which occurred in the patients with hypocalcified and hypocalcified/hypoplasic AI who presented the highest number of damaged teeth. Caries and periodontal disease were found in 47 and 32% of the patients, respectively. Malocclusions were observed in 43% of the individuals with AI, with open bite being the most frequent. Radiographically, the thickness of the enamel decreased in 51% of the patients, and 80% showed decreased radiopacity of the enamel compared to that of dentin. Autosomal dominant inheritance pattern was found in 37% of the families with hypoplastic AI, and autosomal recessive pattern was present in 56% of the other clinical subtypes, but more frequently in those affected with hypomature and hypocalcified AI. Conclusion: Of the five clinical subtypes, autosomal recessive hypomature, autosomal dominant hypoplastic and autosomal recessive hypomature/hypoplastic AI were the most prevalent subtypes in this group.

Zeolites are widely used in high-temperature oil refining processes such as fluid catalytic cracking (FCC), hydrocracking, and aromatization. Significant energy cost are associated with these processes due to the high temperatures required. The induction heating promoted by magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) under radio frequency fields could contribute to solving this problem by providing a supplementary amount of heat in a nano-localized way, just at the active centre site where the catalytic process takes place. In this study, the potential of such a complementary route to reducing energetic requirements is evaluated. The catalytic cracking reaction under a hydrogen atmosphere (hydrocracking) applied to the conversion of plastics was taken as an application example. Thus, a commercial zeolite catalyst (H-USY) was impregnated with three different magnetic nanoparticles: nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co), maghemite (γ-Fe2O3), and their combinations and subjected to electromagnetic fields. Temperature increases of approximately 80 °C were measured for H-USY zeolite impregnated with γ-Fe2O3 and Ni-γ-Fe2O3 due to the heat released under the radio frequency fields. The potential of the resulting MNPs derived catalyst for HDPE (high-density polyethylene) conversion was also evaluated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) under hydrogen atmosphere. This study is a proof of concept to show that induction heating could be used in combination with traditional resistive heating as an additional energy supplier, thereby providing an interesting alternative in line with a greener technology.

Objective The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of a chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla) and linseed (Linum usitatissimum) saliva substitute in the relief of xerostomia in older participants. Background In elders, xerostomia is a permanent and progressive condition that significantly affects their quality of life. The treatment for progressive xerostomia is currently restricted to palliative measures, and saliva substitutes are indicated. A lack of evidence on the effectiveness of the saliva substitutes in the relief of symptoms of xerostomia has been reported. Materials and methods Seventy-four elderly participants presenting xerostomia of diverse origin were selected. Herbal saliva substitute and carboxymethyl cellulose conventional saliva substitute were tested using a double-blind, randomised, cross-sectional clinical trial. Results Every participant of the study exhibited dry mouth sensation. A sensation of thick saliva was described in 59.5% of the participants. The need for liquid intake to swallow food, the sensation of difficulty in swallowing and the burning sensation in the tongue were observed in 54.1, 56.8 and 27.0% of the participants, respectively. The most prevalent diseases were hypertension, depressive symptoms and arthritis. Results of the clinical tests showed that the herbal saliva substitute produced a greater relief of dry mouth symptoms, thick saliva sensation and the sensation of difficulty in swallowing than the conventional substitute (Wilcoxon test p < 0.05). Conclusions New chamomile- and linseed-based saliva substitute was effective in relieving xerostomia symptoms in older participants of this study.

The ultra-stable Y (H-USY) zeolite is used as catalyst for the conversion of plastic feedstocks into high added value products through catalytic cracking technologies. However, the energy requirements associated with these processes are still high. On the other hand, induction heating by magnetic nanoparticles has been exploited for different applications such as cancer treatment by magnetic hyperthermia, improving of water electrolysis and many other heterogeneous catalytic processes. In this work, the heating efficiency of γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticle impregnated zeolites is investigated in order to determine the potential application of this system in catalytic reactions promoted by acid catalyst centers under inductive heating. The γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticle impregnated zeolite has been investigated by X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy, ammonia temperature program desorption (NH3-TPD), H2 absorption, thermogravimetry and dc and ac-magnetometry. It is observed that the diffusion of the magnetic nanoparticles in the pores of the zeolite is possible due to a combined micro and mesoporous structure and, even when fixed in a solid matrix, they are capable of releasing heat as efficiently as in a colloidal suspension. This opens up the possibility of exploring the application at higher temperatures., This research was funded by Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación grant number RTI2018-095856-B-C21, MAT2015-66334-C3-3-R and RTI2018-096391-B-C31, Comunidad de Madrid Projects grant number P2018/NMT-4321 and CM-S2018/NMT-4411; Ayudas a la Movilidad PDI URJC 2018 and PDI URJC 2019 and Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (Project UID/QUI/00100/2019 and FCT-CATSUS grant: PD/BD/12862/2017). The authors also acknowledge the technical support given by Fernando Giacomone financed by Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, PTA2015-10497-I.

Prodigiosin, a natural pigment produced as a secondary metabolite by the non-photosynthetic bacterium Serratia marcescens, was tested as a sensitizer in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC). The strain S. marcescens 11E, which was isolated from a natural spring located in the northeastern Mexican state of Nuevo Leon, was cultivated on peanut oil broth 1% v/v, a culture medium which is known to enhance the production of prodigiosin. The resulting pigment was extracted with chloroform and identified as prodigiosin based on the spectroscopic and structural characteristics obtained by UV–Vis spectrophotometry along with FTIR and 1H NMR spectroscopies. The initial absorbance decomposition test performed on the bacterial pigment demonstrated that prodigiosin exhibited high photostability after five days, while the photovoltaic performance test of the sensitized DSSC, resulted in an open voltage circuit of 560 mV, a current density of 0.096 mA/cm2, and efficiency of 0.032%. Structurally, the DSSC consisted of a titanium dioxide (TiO2) photoanode sensitized with the pigment by direct adsorption, an electrolyte containing a redox pair I−/I3− and a cathode or counter electrode prepared from a carbon paste. Since the overproduction of prodigiosin can be easily achieved on a large scale through the rapid fermentation of agro-industrial residues throughout the year without the need to allocate surfaces for the cultivation of pigment-producing plants or wait for specific seasons for their cultivation, our results suggest that prodigiosin could be considered an excellent candidate to be used in the development of a low-tech, low-cost DSSC.

RESUMEN: Introducción: Estomatitis Subprotésica, proceso inflamatorio crónico de la mucosa adyacente a prótesis removible. 71,4% de los sujetos con esta condición es portador de Candida y la severidad se relaciona con la presencia de esta levadura. Para su tratamiento se indica antimicóticos tópicos de la familia de polienos o de azoles. El propósito del estudio fue determinar el recuento de levaduras del género Candida en adultos mayores con candidiasis oral, antes y después de ser tratados con miconazol. Materiales y métodos: Se consignaron antecedentes sistémicos y locales en 32 adultos mayores con estomatitis subprotésica. Se determinó recuento de levaduras del género Candida en saliva, antes y después del tratamiento tópico con Miconazol 2%. Se aceptaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas con un error alfa igual o menor a 0.05%. Resultados: Los recuentos de levaduras del inicio del estudio disminuyeron significativamente a los días 8 y 15 después del tratamiento (mediana 6.800, 163, 60, respectivamente). 56,2% de los individuos presentó persistencia de levaduras después del tratamiento; 21,8% de ellos con recuentos superiores a 400 UFC/ml de saliva. Conclusiones: En el 56,2% de los individuos del estudio se observó persistencia de levaduras del género Candida luego de 2 semanas de tratamiento con miconazol al 2%.

International audience; The present manuscript reports the use of hybrid magneto-plasmonic nanoparticles (HMPNPs) based on iron oxide nanoparticles and Au nanorods as colloidal nanoheaters. The individual synthesis of the magnetic and plasmonic components allowed optimizing their features for heating performance separately, before they were hybridized. Besides, a detailed characterization and finite element simulations were carried out to explain the interaction effects observed between the phases of the HMPNPs. The study also analyzed the heating power of these nanostructures when they were excited with infrared light and AC magnetic fields, and compared this with the heating power of their plasmonic and magnetic components. In the latter case, the AC magnetization curves revealed that the magnetic dipolar interactions increase the amount of heat released by the hybrid nanostructures