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Natural compounds due to their less toxicity for human health are desired for antimicrobial food packaging. Natural compounds derived from plants, animals and microorganisms such as oils, phenols, terpenes, aliphatic compounds, aldehydes, organic acids and glucosinolates. Polyphenol around food inhibits gas exchange, moisture, flavor and other soluble transfer, hence, increase shelf life. Less use of phenols in food is enhanced by using polyphenols in the food industry, that maintain superficial expression, lowering bacterial activity at upper surfaced of vegetables, fruits and raw muscle food. From hypothetical studies, it is estimated that synthetic or artificial antibacterial agents are more beneficial as compared to the natural. Microbe’s free food is an innovative demand of the food industry and it is need of the hour to use cheaper safer and healthy ways for the preservation of food. The meat industry is dependent on the antimicrobial packaging which is necessary for the safety of the meat. Efficient packaging and antimicrobial agents are the main aspects of the best quality and safety of meat and meat products. This review gives new insight into natural compounds used for antimicrobial food packaging and the application of antimicrobial food packaging.

Nanomaterials have found extensive biomedical applications in the past few years because of their small size, low molecular weight, larger surface area, enhanced biological, and chemical reactivity. Among these nanomaterials, nanogels (NGs) are promising drug delivery systems and are composed of cross-linked polymeric nanoparticles ranging from 100 to 200 nm. NGs represent an innovative zone of research with speedy developments taking place on a daily basis. An incredible amount of focus is placed on the fabrication of NGs with novel polymers to achieve better control over the drug release. This review article covers a number of aspects of NGs including their types, associated pros and cons, and methods of preparation along with technical and economical superiority and therapeutic efficacy over each other. The last part of review summarizes the applications of NGs in the drug delivery and treatment of various diseases including brain disease, cardiovascular diseases, oxidative stress, diabetes, cancer therapy, tissue engineering, gene therapy, inflammatory disorders, pain management, ophthalmic and autoimmune diseases, and their future challenges. NGs appear to be an outstanding nominee for drug delivery systems, and further study is required to explore their interactions at the cellular and molecular levels.

Aim: The present study evaluates the efficacy of paromomycin (PM)-loaded mannosylated thiomeric nanoparticles for the targeted delivery to pathological organs for the oral therapy of visceral leishmaniasis. Materials & methods: Mannosylated thiolated chitosan (MTC)-coated PM-loaded PLGA nanoparticles (MTC-PLGA-PM) were synthesized and evaluated for morphology, drug release, permeation enhancing and antileishmanial potential. Results: MTC-PLGA-PM were spherical in shape with a size of 391.24 ± 6.91 nm and an encapsulation efficiency of 67.16 ± 14%. Ex vivo permeation indicated 12.73-fold higher permeation of PM with MTC-PLGA-PM against the free PM. Flow cytometry indicated enhanced macrophage uptake and parasite killing in Leishmania donovani infected macrophage model. In vitro antileishmanial activity indicated 36-fold lower IC50 for MTC-PLGA-PM as compared with PM. The in vivo studies indicated 3.6-fold reduced parasitic burden in the L. donovani infected BALB/c mice model. Conclusion: The results encouraged the concept of MTC-PLGA-PM nanoparticles as promising strategy for visceral leishmaniasis.

In the last decades, the understanding and knowledge regarding the intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been improved. Scientific research has made it possible to diagnose the liver cancer at the molecular level and provide optimal treatment to the patients to a maximum extent. The initial step, which is considered a landmark for future liver cancer management, was the discovery of TP53 hotspot mutation. In a nutshell, while decades ago the field of liver cancer was perplexing with grim perspectives, limited clinical data and research trials, it has now evolved into a competitive field with multiple advancements, research work and trials based evidence at a constant rate. Positive outcomes in preventive approaches, eliminating risk factors, understanding molecular mechanism, and better treatment chemistry will further increase the status of this field, and it might will exclude liver cancer from top 5 cancer killers.

It is comprised of a standard and systematic literature finding among all the available research documentations, and then appraisal of that searched document and introduction of results and final evaluation of the medical practice. Due to the availability of large amounts of data in this field, the searching for best evidence is a difficult task. The lengthy procedure makes it ineffective at sometimes, which are the main hindrance. The “evidence-based study” is the standard procedure and reduces a lot of time in searching procedure routinely.

Withdrawal: Igra Afzal, Sadia Zia, Shamaila Kausar, Ali Hazrat, Tour Jan, Madeeha Anwar, Muhammad Riaz, Fahad Said Khan, Muhammad Akram, Ghulam Rasool, Dose Response Relationship of Aloe vera to Cure Atopic Dermatitis in Rats, Dermatology Therapy 2020, (https://doi.org/10.1111/dth.13376). The above article, published online on 3 April 2020 in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com), as an Accepted Article (https://doi.org/10.1111/dth.13376) has been withdrawn at the authors' request, and in agreement between the authors, the journal Editor in Chief Torello Lotti, and John WileySons Ltd. The withdrawal has been agreed because in continuing work on this project the authors became aware of additional parameters to be considered.

Post-operative surgical site infections (SSI) present a serious threat and may lead to complications. Currently available dressings for SSI lack mucoadhesion, safety, efficacy and most importantly patient compliance. We aimed to address these concerns by developing a bioactive thiolated chitosan-alginate bandage embedded with zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) for localized topical treatment of SSI. The FTIR, XRD, DSC and TGA of bandage confirmed the compatibility of ingredients and modifications made. The porosity, swelling index and lysozyme degradation showed good properties for wound healing and biodegradation. Moreover, in-vitro antibacterial activity showed higher bactericidal effect as compared to ZnO-NPs free bandage. In-vivo wound healing in murine model showed significant improved tissue generation and speedy wound healing as compared to positive and negative controls. Over all, thiolated bandage showed potential as an advanced therapeutic agent for treating surgical site infections, meeting the required features of an ideal surgical dressing.

The prevalence of eating disorders among University students has been on rise throughout the world. The present descriptive cross sectional study was conducted to determine the prevalence of eating disorders among the female students of pharmacy department at University of Sargodha, Pakistan using well established EAT-26 questionnaire. The study included 177 female undergraduate pharmacy students from all five years of Pharm D. An EAT-26 score over 20 was indicator of disturbed eating behavior. Out of the total 177 students who participated the study, 47 (26.6%) students had disturbed eating behavior. The mean EAT-26 score was 14.7. According to BMI calculations, 31.64% of total individuals were underweight, 59.32% normal, 6.78% overweight and 2.26% belonged to obese category. The prevalence of eating disorders was found to be much higher than the studies conducted at developed countries. There is an urgent need of an effort to increase awareness of such disorders among students and general public. Conduction of such study at other institutes and at larger scale is recommended.

Headaches are common clinical presentations. These are non-specific on one hand and on other they are predictor of severe underlying causes. The persistent headache without any focal deficit needs further investigations. Objective; To determine the frequency of structural brain lesion in patients presenting wit non-focal deficit headache on CT brain. Methods; It was a cross sectional study which was conducted at Department of Medicine, Jinnah Hospital, Lahore during January 2016 to December 2016 in which 160 cases selected via non probability consecutive sampling, presenting with non focal deficit headache as per operational definition were included. Their detailed demographic data and other history regarding focal lesions was taken and recorded. They then underwent CT brain plain at Radiology department of the same institute. The different lesions detected were noted. Results; In this study there were total 160 cases presenting with the history of headache and out of these 96 (60%) were females and 64 (40%) males. The mean age at presentation was 29.46±4.48 years. In 110 (68.75%) cases, the CT was absolutely normal. Regarding different lesions detected sinusitis was seen in 38 (23.75%) cases, CSOM in 6 (3.75%), brain abscess in 4 (2.50%) and SOL in only 2 (1.25%) cases. Regarding the lesions among gender stratification 76 (69.09%) females had normal CT as compared to 34 (30.91%) males while sinusitis was common in males affecting 24 (63.16%) cases as compared to 14 (36.84%) females with a near significance of 0.07. Conclusion; Headache is a common presentation at hospitals and in two third of cases the CT brain done reveals no pathology. Key words; Headache, CT, CSOM, SOL

Myocardial infarction is a dreadful cardiac complication and can be fatal. Raised BMI is thought to be the one of reversible factor and its control can decrease the morbidity and mortality. Objectives: To determine the frequency of raised BMI in patients presenting with myocardial infarction. Material and methods. This was a cross sectional study that was conducted at Department of Cardiology, Jinnah Hospital, Lahore during January 2016 to December 2016 in which 200 cases of acute myocardial infarction (Diagnosed with ECG changes with raised Troponin T levels) were included. Socio demographic data like age, gender, BMI and relevant clinical data i.e. DM, HTN and type of MI (STEMI or NSTEMI) were taken. Raised BMI was labelled when it was more than 25 kg/m2. Results; In this study there were total 200 cases out of which 120 (60%) were males and 80 (40%) females with mean age of 55.17±4.77 years. There were 64 (32%) cases with DM and 80 (40%) with HTN while 144 (72%) had ST elevation MI. Raised BMI was seen in 80 (40%) of cases. This was significantly high in females where it affected 48 (60%) of cases as compared to 32 (26.67%) females with p= 0.01. This was more common in age group of 35 to 50 years (p=0.68). Raised BMI was common with DM but had equal distribution in cases with or without HTN. There was almost equal distribution of raised BMI in cases of both STEMI and NSTEMI with p= 0.98. Conclusion; Raised BMI is an independent risk factor in cases of acute coronary syndrome. It is significantly high in number in female cases. Key words: MI, Raised BMI, DM, HTN

Since medical education gives long-standing emphasis on assessments, it seems crucial to evaluate whether our current focus on testing makes sense. This report seeks to provide an account of learning gains attained through assessments and examinations, so we evaluate the views of medical students in a medical college that optimally utilizes educational assessments. For this purpose cross-sectional study was performed in which sample was randomly selected from 2nd, 3rdand 4thyear.The results obtained showed that most of the students found these assessments helpful in their learning process and they performed well in their professional examinations. So we conclude that assessments and examinations have a positive effect on student’s learning and they should take optimally.&nbsp