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This paper aims to understand the emerging pattern of significance and correlation of the partnership research topics covering all countries. Our study used the scientometric method to reveal the trends and patterns in partnership research. The database was sourced from the scientific literature databases of the Web of Science (WoS). The study recorded 53,800 scientific papers on the partnership in general between 2000 to 2017. GDP and HDI were used to analyze the raison-d’être of the research on partnerships at the macro level. We examined the top 20 countries with the highest GDP, Research Productivity Indicator (RPI), and HDI. A country with a lower Human Development Index (HDI) and higher RPI tends to think that partnerships are essential in supporting national socio-economic development. This study showed that the resource-based view (RBV) theory was discussed more than the stakeholder theory among the two main partnership theories. Observing the motivation to develop partnerships, innovation-seeking was discussed the most in scientific productions. Innovation is used to enhance financial performance and leverage competitive advantage.

For most of the people with stable and well-controlled chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), air travel is safe and comfortable, but the flight environment may pose clinical challenges. This narrative review aims to update the requirements for allowance to fly of people with COPD without chronic respiratory failure. A literature review was performed on platforms: Pubmed, Scopus and Ovid, for citations in English from 2000 to 2021. The following key words were used: COPD AND: air-travel, in-flight hypoxemia, fitness to air travel. Official regulatory documents and guidelines were also examined. Current air travel statements recommend supplemental oxygen when in flight arterial oxygen tension (PaO2) is expected to fall below 6.6 or 7.3 kPa. Several lung function variables, prediction equations and algorithms have been proposed to estimate in-flight PaO2, the need for in-flight supplemental oxygen, and to select individuals needing more advanced pre-flight testing, such as the hypoxia-altitude simulation test. Exercise induced desaturation and aerobic capacity correlate significantly with in-flight PaO2. COPD patients with late intensification of disease, new changes in medications, recent acute exacerbation/ hospitalization or anticipated emotional and physical stress during the proposed air-travel should be carefully evaluated by the caring family or specialist physician.

The focus of this research is on the role of the village government in guaranteeing and fulfilling the disability rights needs of people with mental retardation. This study uses qualitative methods, research data obtained through the methods of observation, interviews, and documentation as well as data analysis techniques that researchers use in this study is using an interactive model. This research was conducted in Karangpatihan Village, Balong District, Ponorogo Regency which has 97 mentally retarded persons in 2020. The results of this study indicate that the Karangpatihan Village government has given rights to mentally retarded persons with twenty-two types of rights in accordance with Law number 8 of 2016 on Persons with Disabilities. Furthermore, in its implementation, the Karangpatihan Village Government also collaborates through the triple helix concept, namely between academics, business, and the third government, synergizing with each other to provide the best services for people with disabilities.

Abstract. Innovation is a critical key to sustainable tourism, as it plays a big part in shaping products and services to be provided in the tourism industry. The competition in sustainable tourism is high due to the discourse to bring positive externalities and the presence of the rent-seeking. This study aims to investigate the innovation process in sustainable tourism by employing a combination of the bibliometric analysis from and systematic review on 91 scientific publications on Web of Science (WoS). A contemporary view of innovation economics is used to approach the analysis. Our research reveals that innovations in most scientific literature are non-radical. Changing the business model is also essential for tourism firms to be more sustainable in the practices. There is a global trend to implement technological innovations in Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) to pursue the sustainability concept in tourism. Also, our literature review reveals that tourism firms utilise resource-efficient technologies to help to resolve the issues of climate change. Some limitations in investigating the implementation of innovation in sustainable tourism are also discussed. Finally, this study suggests theoretical contributions as well as methodological recommendations for future research. Keywords: Innovation, sustainable tourism, bibliometric study, systematic review

Pewarnaan kain batik dapat dilakukan dengan menggunakan zat warna alami dan zat warna sintetis. Keunggulan zat warna alam antara lain lebih murah, ramah lingkungan, dan menghasilkan warna yang khas. Salah satu zat warna alam yang berasal dari limbah yang dapat dimanfaatkan adalah limbah kulit buah rambutan. Kelemahan dari penggunaan pewarna alam yaitu ketahanan luntur warna dan intesitas (ketuaan) warna yang relatif kurang baik. Penggunaan zat fiksasi adalah salah alternatif untuk memecahkan masalah tersebut. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui sejauh mana pengaruh penggunaan konsentrasi dan jenis zat fiksasi kapur, tawas dan tunjung pada proses fiksasi terhadap daya tahan luntur dan penodaan warna kain batik katun yang dicelup dengan zwa ekstrak kulit buah rambutan. Bahan yang digunakan adalah kain batik katun yang dicelup dengan ekstrak zwa kulit buah rambutan, kemudian dilanjutkan pengerjaan fiksasi pada larutan kapur dengan variasi konsentrasi 5 g/l, 25 g/l dan 45 g/l pada setiap zat fiksasi sebagai variabel bebas dan variabel terikat yaitu ketahanan luntur dan penodaan warna terhadap pencucian. Hasil uji ketahanan luntur dan penodaan warna menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan zat fiksasi tawas didapatkan nilai ketahanan luntur yang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan zat fiksasi kapur dan tunjung sedangkan pada konsentrasi zat fiksasi yang berbeda menunjukkan bahwa pada penggunaan konsentrasi bahan fiksasi yang lebih tinggi (25% dan 45%), nilai greyscale dan stainingscale akan semakin baik.Kata kunci : rambutan, pewarna alam, kain, fiksasi

This study presents a data-driven machine learning approach to predict individual Galactic Cosmic Radiation (GCR) ion exposure for 4 He, 16 O, 28 Si, 48 Ti, or 56 Fe up to 150 mGy, based on Attentional Set-shifting (ATSET) experimental tests. The ATSET assay consists of a series of cognitive performance tasks on irradiated male Wistar rats. The GCR ion doses represent the expected cumulative radiation astronauts may receive during a Mars mission on an individual ion basis. The primary objective is to synthesize and assess predictive models on a per-subject level through Machine Learning (ML) classifiers. The raw cognitive performance data from individual rodent subjects are used as features to train the models and to explore the capabilities of three different ML techniques for elucidating a range of correlations between received radiation on rodents and their performance outcomes. The analysis employs scores of selected input features and different normalization approaches which yield varying degrees of model performance. The current study shows that support vector machine, Gaussian naive Bayes, and random forest models are capable of predicting individual ion exposure using ATSET scores where corresponding Matthews correlation coefficients and F 1 scores reflect model performance exceeding random chance. The study suggests a decremental effect on cognitive performance in rodents due to ≤150 mGy of single ion exposure, inasmuch as the models can discriminate between 0 mGy and any exposure level in the performance score feature space. A number of observations about the utility and limitations in specific normalization routines and evaluation scores are examined as well as best practices for ML with imbalanced datasets observed., Competing Interests: During the time of conducting the submitted study, AI and AS were employed by ZIN Technologies, Inc., and RP was employed by the USRA. AI, AS, and RP were employees of contractors funded for this work by the NASA’s Human Research Program. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2021 Prelich, Matar, Gokoglu, Gallo, Schepelmann, Iqbal, Lewandowski, Britten, Prabhu and Myers.)

This research uses machine-learned computational analyses to predict the cognitive performance impairment of rats induced by irradiation. The experimental data in the analyses is from a rodent model exposed to ≤15 cGy of individual galactic cosmic radiation (GCR) ions: 4 He, 16 O, 28 Si, 48 Ti, or 56 Fe, expected for a Lunar or Mars mission. This work investigates rats at a subject-based level and uses performance scores taken before irradiation to predict impairment in attentional set-shifting (ATSET) data post-irradiation. Here, the worst performing rats of the control group define the impairment thresholds based on population analyses via cumulative distribution functions, leading to the labeling of impairment for each subject. A significant finding is the exhibition of a dose-dependent increasing probability of impairment for 1 to 10 cGy of 28 Si or 56 Fe in the simple discrimination (SD) stage of the ATSET, and for 1 to 10 cGy of 56 Fe in the compound discrimination (CD) stage. On a subject-based level, implementing machine learning (ML) classifiers such as the Gaussian naïve Bayes, support vector machine, and artificial neural networks identifies rats that have a higher tendency for impairment after GCR exposure. The algorithms employ the experimental prescreen performance scores as multidimensional input features to predict each rodent's susceptibility to cognitive impairment due to space radiation exposure. The receiver operating characteristic and the precision-recall curves of the ML models show a better prediction of impairment when 56 Fe is the ion in question in both SD and CD stages. They, however, do not depict impairment due to 4 He in SD and 28 Si in CD, suggesting no dose-dependent impairment response in these cases. One key finding of our study is that prescreen performance scores can be used to predict the ATSET performance impairments. This result is significant to crewed space missions as it supports the potential of predicting an astronaut's impairment in a specific task before spaceflight through the implementation of appropriately trained ML tools. Future research can focus on constructing ML ensemble methods to integrate the findings from the methodologies implemented in this study for more robust predictions of cognitive decrements due to space radiation exposure., Competing Interests: During the time of conducting the submitted study, author AI was employed by ZIN Technologies, and author RP was employed by USRA. AI and RP were employees of contractors funded for this work by NASA’s Human Research Program. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2021 Matar, Gokoglu, Prelich, Gallo, Iqbal, Britten, Prabhu and Myers.)

Coordination of intracellular Ca 2+ signaling in parotid acini is crucial for controlling the secretion of primary saliva. Previous work from our lab has demonstrated acidic-organelle Ca 2+ release as a participant in agonist-evoked signaling dynamics of the parotid acinar cell. Furthermore, results implicated a potential role for the potent Ca 2+ releasing second messenger NAADP in these events. The current study interrogated a direct role of NAADP for Ca 2+ signaling in the parotid salivary gland acinar cell. Use of live-cell Ca 2+ imaging, patch-clamp methods, and confocal microscopy revealed for the first time NAADP can evoke or enhance Ca 2+ dynamics in parotid acini. These results were compared with pancreatic acini, a morphologically similar cell type previously shown to display NAADP-dependent Ca 2+ signals. Findings presented here may be relevant in establishing new therapeutic targets for those suffering from xerostomia produced by hypofunctioning salivary glands., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Autonomic neural activation of intracellular Ca 2+ release in parotid acinar cells induces the secretion of the fluid and protein components of primary saliva critical for maintaining overall oral homeostasis. In the current study, we profiled the role of acidic organelles in shaping the Ca 2+ signals of parotid acini using a variety of imaging and pharmacological approaches. Results demonstrate that zymogen granules predominate as an apically polarized population of acidic organelles that contributes to the initial Ca 2+ release. Moreover, we provide evidence that indicates a role for the intracellular messenger NAADP in the release of Ca 2+ from acidic organelles following elevation of cAMP. Our data are consistent with the "trigger" hypothesis where localized release of Ca 2+ sensitizes canonical intracellular Ca 2+ channels to enhance signals from the endoplasmic reticulum. Release from acidic stores may be important for initiating saliva secretion at low levels of stimulation and a potential therapeutic target to augment secretory activity in hypofunctioning salivary glands., (Copyright © 2016 the American Physiological Society.)

Novel thiazolidinedione derivatives were synthesized by incorporating pharmacologically significant heterocycles viz, substituted thiazole, triazole, and oxadiazole moieties linked to the central phenyl ring via heteroatomlinkage with one/two carbon spacer as the structural analogs of Pioglitazone by employing multistep synthetic protocols. Structures of all the newly synthesized intermediates and target molecules were established by analytical and spectral data. These newly synthesized compounds were screened for their invivo hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic activities in male wistar rats. Some of the synthesized compounds demonstrated good activity., (Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Interventions to promote exclusive breastfeeding have been estimated to have the potential to prevent 13% of all under-5 deaths in developing countries and are the single most important preventive intervention against child mortality. According to World Health Organization and United Nations Children Funds (UNICEF), only 39% infants are exclusively breastfed for less than 4 months. This review examines programme efforts to scale up exclusive breastfeeding in different countries and draws lesson for successful scale-up. Opportunities and challenges in scaling up of exclusive breastfeeding into Maternal and Child Health programmes are identified. The key processes required for exclusive breastfeeding scale-up are: (1) an evidence-based policy and science-driven technical guidelines; and (2) an implementation strategy and plan for achieving high exclusive breastfeeding rates in all strata of society, on a sustainable basis. Factors related to success include political will, strong advocacy, enabling policies, well-defined short- and long-term programme strategy, sustained financial support, clear definition of roles of multiple stakeholders and emphasis on delivery at the community level. Effective use of antenatal, birth and post-natal contacts at homes and through community mobilization efforts is emphasized. Formative research to ensure appropriate intervention design and delivery is critical particularly in areas with high HIV prevalence. Strong communication strategy and support, quality trainers and training contributed significantly to programme success. Monitoring and evaluation with feedback systems that allow for periodic programme corrections and continued innovation are central to very high coverage. Legal framework must make it possible for mothers to exclusively breastfeed for at least 4 months. Sustained programme efforts are critical to achieve high coverage and this requires strong national- and state-level leadership.

The objective of this study was to investigate the association between the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding and morbidity (diarrhoeal diseases and acute respiratory infection) in infants aged 0-3 month(s) using the Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) 2003 data from Bangladesh. The study population included 1633 infants aged 0-3 month(s). The prevalence of diarrhoea and acute respiratory infection was compared using the chi-square tests between infants aged 0-3 month(s) who were exclusively breastfed and infants who were not exclusively breastfed. Logistic regression was used to adjust for confounders and for calculating adjusted odds ratios. To adjust for cluster sampling and reduced variability, the adjusted chi-square value was divided by the design effect, and a re-estimated p value was calculated. The prevalence of diarrhoea and acute respiratory infection in this sample of 0-3-month old infants in Bangladesh was 14.3% and 31.2% respectively. The prevalence of both illnesses was significantly associated with lack of exclusive breastfeeding. The adjusted odds ratio for diarrhoea was 0.69 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.49-0.98, p = 0.039), and the adjusted odds ratio for acute respiratory infection was also 0.69 (95% CI 0.54-0.88, p = 0.003). Only 192 infants (11.7% of total sample) were exclusively breastfed at the time of interview, and 823 infants (50.3%) were never exclusively breastfed. The prevalence of prelacteal feeding was 66.6%. The results confirmed a protective effect of exclusive breastfeeding against infectious diseases-related morbidity in infancy and showed that frequently-collected cross-sectional datasets could be used for estimating effects. The low prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding in Bangladesh needs to be improved to decrease child morbidity.