Author: "Interactions Hôtes-Pathogènes-Environnements (IHPE)" - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

Your search keyword '"Interactions Hôtes-Pathogènes-Environnements (IHPE)"' showing total 370 results

Start Over Author "Interactions Hôtes-Pathogènes-Environnements (IHPE)"

370 results on '"Interactions Hôtes-Pathogènes-Environnements (IHPE)"'

1. Thermal regime and host clade, rather than geography, drive Symbiodinium and bacterial assemblages in the scleractinian coral Pocillopora damicornis sensu lato

Author: Brener-Raffalli , Kelly, Clerissi , Camille, Vidal-Dupiol , Jeremie, Adjeroud , Mehdi, Bonhomme , François, Pratlong , Marine, Aurelle , Didier, Mitta , Guillaume, Toulza , Eve, Interactions Hôtes-Pathogènes-Environnements (IHPE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD), Biocomplexité des écosystèmes coralliens de l'Indo-Pacifique (CoReUS2), Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Mathématiques de Marseille (I2M), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Interactions Hôtes-Pathogènes-Environnements ( IHPE ), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia ( UPVD ) -Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer ( IFREMER ) -Université de Montpellier ( UM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Biocomplexité des écosystèmes coralliens de l'Indo-Pacifique ( CoReUS2 ), Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier ( ISEM ), Université de Montpellier ( UM ) -Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut de Mathématiques de Marseille ( I2M ), Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Ecole Centrale de Marseille ( ECM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Diversité, évolution et écologie fonctionnelle marine ( DIMAR ), Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), and Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE)
Subjects: Oceanospirillaceae, Coral reefs, Thermal adaptation, Symbiodinium assemblages, lcsh:Microbial ecology, [ SDV.EE ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, [ SDV.MP ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S, Animals, Symbiosis, Scleractinian corals, Arcobacter, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, [ SDE.BE ] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Acinetobacter, Research, [SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], Microbiota, Coral holobiont, High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing, Pocillopora damicornis, Anthozoa, Bacterial communities, [ SDV.BID.EVO ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Dinoflagellida, lcsh:QR100-130, DNA, Intergenic, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract: Background Although the term holobiont has been popularized in corals with the advent of the hologenome theory of evolution, the underlying concepts are still a matter of debate. Indeed, the relative contribution of host and environment and especially thermal regime in shaping the microbial communities should be examined carefully to evaluate the potential role of symbionts for holobiont adaptation in the context of global changes. We used the sessile, long-lived, symbiotic and environmentally sensitive reef-building coral Pocillopora damicornis to address these issues. Results We sampled Pocillopora damicornis colonies corresponding to two different mitochondrial lineages in different geographic areas displaying different thermal regimes: Djibouti, French Polynesia, New Caledonia, and Taiwan. The community composition of bacteria and the algal endosymbiont Symbiodinium were characterized using high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA gene and internal transcribed spacer, ITS2, respectively. Bacterial microbiota was very diverse with high prevalence of Endozoicomonas, Arcobacter, and Acinetobacter in all samples. While Symbiodinium sub-clade C1 was dominant in Taiwan and New Caledonia, D1 was dominant in Djibouti and French Polynesia. Moreover, we also identified a high background diversity (i.e., with proportions
Published: 2018

2. Clearance of schistosome parasites by resistant genotypes at a single genomic region in Biomphalaria glabrata snails involves cellular components of the hemolymph

Author: Michael S. Blouin, Anaïs Portet, Christopher J. Bayne, Benjamin Gourbal, Euan R.O. Allan, Camila B. Dores, Department of Integrative Biology, College of Science, Interactions Hôtes-Pathogènes-Environnements ( IHPE ), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia ( UPVD ) -Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer ( IFREMER ) -Université de Montpellier ( UM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Oregon State University (OSU), Interactions Hôtes-Pathogènes-Environnements (IHPE), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Histology, Genotype, 030231 tropical medicine, Resistance, Zoology, Schistosomiasis, Hemocyte, Biology, Biomphalaria glabrata, Article, Host-Parasite Interactions, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Immune system, Hemolymph, parasitic diseases, medicine, Animals, Allele, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Plasma transfer, Larva, Biomphalaria, Ecology, [SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], fungi, Hemolymph transfer, Schistosoma mansoni, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, 030104 developmental biology, Infectious Diseases, [ SDV.BID.EVO ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], Neglected tropical diseases, Parasitology
Abstract: International audience; Schistosomiasis is one of the most detrimental neglected tropical diseases. Controlling the spread of this parasitic illness requires effective sanitation, access to chemotherapeutic drugs, and control over populations of the freshwater snails, such as Biomphalaria glabrata, that are essential intermediate hosts for schistosomes. Effectively controlling this disease, while minimising ecological implications of such control, will require an extensive understanding of the immunological interactions between schistosomes and their molluscan intermediate hosts. Here we histologically characterise the clearance of schistosome larvae by snails that exhibit allelic variation at a single genomic region, the Guadeloupe resistance complex. We show that snails with a resistant Guadeloupe resistance complex genotype clear schistosomes within the first 24-48 h, and that this resistance can be transferred to susceptible snails via whole hemolymph but not cell-free plasma. These findings imply that Guadeloupe resistance complex-coded proteins help to coordinate hemocyte-mediated immune responses to schistosome infections in Guadeloupean snails.
Published: 2018

3. The One Health Concept: 10 Years Old and a Long Road Ahead

Author: Delphine Destoumieux-Garzón, Patrick Mavingui, Gilles Boetsch, Jérôme Boissier, Frédéric Darriet, Priscilla Duboz, Clémentine Fritsch, Patrick Giraudoux, Frédérique Le Roux, Serge Morand, Christine Paillard, Dominique Pontier, Cédric Sueur, Yann Voituron, Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie des Substances Naturelles, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Ecologie microbienne ( EM ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Lyon ( ENVL ) -Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -VetAgro Sup ( VAS ), UMR 6578 : Adaptabilité Biologique et Culturelle ( UAABC ), Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Interactions Hôtes-Pathogènes-Environnements ( IHPE ), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia ( UPVD ) -Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer ( IFREMER ) -Université de Montpellier ( UM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Laboratoire de Biologie Intégrative des Modèles Marins ( LBI2M ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier ( ISEM ), Université de Montpellier ( UM ) -Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) ( LEMAR ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Brest ( UBO ) -Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer ( IFREMER ) -Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer ( IUEM ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Université de Brest ( UBO ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Université de Brest ( UBO ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ), Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive ( LBBE ), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique ( Inria ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Département Ecologie, Physiologie et Ethologie ( DEPE-IPHC ), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien ( IPHC ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Strasbourg ( UNISTRA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Strasbourg ( UNISTRA ), Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés ( LEHNA ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État ( ENTPE ) -Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon, Interactions Hôtes-Pathogènes-Environnements (IHPE), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical (PIMIT), Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IRD-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Ecologie Microbienne - UMR 5557 (LEM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Lyon (ENVL)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Mixte Internationale 'Environnement Santé Sociétés' (ESS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Téssékéré International Human-Environment Observatory Labex DRIIM, Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD), Vector Control Group (MIVEGEC-VCG), Evolution des Systèmes Vectoriels (ESV), Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Animal, Santé, Territoires, Risques et Ecosystèmes (UMR ASTRE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecoépidémiologie évolutionniste, Département écologie évolutive [LBBE], Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département Ecologie, Physiologie et Ethologie (DEPE-IPHC), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés (LEHNA), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), French National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS) National Institute of Ecology and Environment (INEE), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -VetAgro Sup, Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical ( PIMIT ), Université de la Réunion ( UR ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -IRD-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), UMI 3189 ESS Environnement, santé, sociétés, ( UMI 3189 ), CNRS and Cheikh Anta Diop University, Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle ( MIVEGEC ), Université de Montpellier ( UM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD [France-Sud] ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut Universitaire de France ( IUF ), Ministère de l'Éducation nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche ( M.E.N.E.S.R. ), Unité Physiologie Fonctionnelle des Organismes marins, Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer ( IFREMER ), UPR ASTRE, CIRAD, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer ( IFREMER ) -Université de Brest ( UBO ) -Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer ( IUEM ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Université de Brest ( UBO ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Université de Brest ( UBO ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), LabEx Ecofect, Eco-Evolutionary Dynamics of Infectious Diseases, Université de Strasbourg ( UNISTRA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Strasbourg ( UNISTRA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État ( ENTPE ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IRD-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de La Réunion (UR), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Lyon (ENVL), Unité Mixte Internationale 'Environnement Santé Sociétés' (UMI ESS), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - Brest (IFREMER Centre de Bretagne), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Lyon (ENVL)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS), UMR 6578 : Adaptabilité Biologique et Culturelle (UAABC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - UFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Laboratoire de Biologie Intégrative des Modèles Marins (LBI2M), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Station biologique de Roscoff [Roscoff] (SBR), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE), Giraudoux, Patrick, Génétique et évolution des maladies infectieuses (GEMI), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Génétique et évolution des maladies infectieuses (GEMI), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), and Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [SDE] Environmental Sciences, 0301 basic medicine, EcoHealth, Environmental pollution, Disease, Review, [ SDE ] Environmental Sciences, maladie infectieuse, One health, ecotoxicology, infectious disease, interdisciplinary research, multifactorial disease, non-communicable disease, public health, [SDV.MHEP.ME] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, 2. Zero hunger, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, [SDV.MHEP.ME]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, lcsh:Veterinary medicine, 3. Good health, [SDV.EE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, One Health, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Veterinary medicine and animal Health, écotoxicologie, medicine.medical_specialty, 030106 microbiology, Public policy, [ SDV.EE ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, 03 medical and health sciences, Globalization, medicine, Environmental planning, [ SDE.BE ] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, [SDV.BA.MVSA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Veterinary medicine and animal Health, General Veterinary, Public health, ACL, [SDV.BA.MVSA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Veterinary medicine and animal Health, Non-communicable disease, medicine.disease, [SDE.BE] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Médecine vétérinaire et santé animal, 030104 developmental biology, 13. Climate action, santé publique, lcsh:SF600-1100, Veterinary Science, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract: International audience; Over the past decade, a significant increase in the circulation of infectious agents was observed. With the spread and emergence of epizootics, zoonoses, and epidemics, the risks of pandemics became more and more critical. Human and animal health has also been threatened by antimicrobial resistance, environmental pollution, and the develop- ment of multifactorial and chronic diseases. This highlighted the increasing globalization of health risks and the importance of the human–animal–ecosystem interface in the evo- lution and emergence of pathogens. A better knowledge of causes and consequences of certain human activities, lifestyles, and behaviors in ecosystems is crucial for a rigor- ous interpretation of disease dynamics and to drive public policies. As a global good, health security must be understood on a global scale and from a global and crosscutting perspective, integrating human health, animal health, plant health, ecosystems health, and biodiversity. In this study, we discuss how crucial it is to consider ecological, evolu- tionary, and environmental sciences in understanding the emergence and re-emergence of infectious diseases and in facing the challenges of antimicrobial resistance. We also discuss the application of the “One Health” concept to non-communicable chronic dis- eases linked to exposure to multiple stresses, including toxic stress, and new lifestyles. Finally, we draw up a list of barriers that need removing and the ambitions that we must nurture for the effective application of the “One Health” concept. We conclude that the success of this One Health concept now requires breaking down the interdisciplinary barriers that still separate human and veterinary medicine from ecological, evolutionary, and environmental sciences. The development of integrative approaches should be pro- moted by linking the study of factors underlying stress responses to their consequences on ecosystem functioning and evolution. This knowledge is required for the development of novel control strategies inspired by environmental mechanisms leading to desired equilibrium and dynamics in healthy ecosystems and must provide in the near future a framework for more integrated operational initiatives.
Published: 2018

4. Oxidative stress induced by glyphosate-based herbicide on freshwater turtles

Author: Héritier , Laurent, Duval , David, Galinier , Richard, Meistertzheim , Anne-Leila, Verneau , Olivier, Centre de Formation et de Recherche sur les Environnements Méditérranéens ( CEFREM ), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia ( UPVD ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Interactions Hôtes-Pathogènes-Environnements ( IHPE ), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia ( UPVD ) -Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer ( IFREMER ) -Université de Montpellier ( UM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centre de Formation et de Recherche sur les Environnements Méditérranéens (CEFREM), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Interactions Hôtes-Pathogènes-Environnements (IHPE), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)
Subjects: [ SDV.BID.EVO ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], Oxidative stress, Mauremys leprosa, Glyphosate Catalase, Superoxide dismutase, Gene expression, Enzyme activity, [SDV.TOX.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Toxicology/Ecotoxicology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Trachemys scripta elegans
Abstract: International audience; Freshwater ecosystems face very strong anthropogenic pressures, among which overexploitation, habitat degradation, flow modification, species invasion, and water pollution lead to growing threats on biodiversity. Urbanization through wastewater treatment, industry through the release of inorganic and organic chemicals, and agriculture through the use of pesticides and herbicides are the main factors involved in water pollution. In France, more precisely in the Pyrenees-Orientales department, the poor quality of the watercourses is attributable overall to the use of glyphosate-based herbicides in agricultural activities. Because these chemicals can impact individuals, populations, and biodiversity, we investigated, under experimental conditions, the physiological response of animals facing abiotic contaminants. We selected as a model, juveniles of the freshwater turtle Trachemys scripta elegans. We measured the gene expression and activity of the catalase and superoxide dismutase enzymes as well as the levels of lipid peroxidation, which are all oxidative stress biomarkers, in turtles challenged with high concentrations of glyphosate-based herbicides, on the one hand, and with degraded waters collected from a local watercourse, on the other. We also measured the acetylcholinesterase activity across the same animals. We showed through variations in gene expression and enzyme activity that a glyphosate commercial formulation induced a stress in turtles. A similar outcome was obtained when turtles faced degraded waters. The results indicated that the poor quality of regional waters could be a real threat for animal health. Because turtles are globally less sensitive to contaminants than amphibians, which are lacking in the degraded waters of the Pyrenees-Orientales department, they could constitute an excellent model to follow the evolution of water quality through the study of oxidative stress biomarkers.
Published: 2017

5. A longitudinal survey in the wild reveals major shifts in fish host microbiota after parasite infection

Author: Eglantine Mathieu-Begne, Simon Blanchet, Olivier Rey, Eve Toulza, Charlotte Veyssière, Sophie Manzi, Maxim Lefort, Orlane Scelsi, Géraldine Loot, Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale (SETE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Fédération de Recherche Agrobiosciences, Interactions et Biodiversité (FR AIB), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Interactions Hôtes-Pathogènes-Environnements (IHPE), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), and ANR-10-LABX-0041,TULIP,Towards a Unified theory of biotic Interactions: the roLe of environmental(2010)
Subjects: Individual survey, host-parasite interaction, coinfection, individual survey, Co-infection, bacteria community, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, metabarcoding, [SDV.BA.ZV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Vertebrate Zoology, Metabarcoding, Genetics, Host-parasite interaction, Bacteria community, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, [SDV.EE.IEO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Symbiosis
Abstract: International audience; Recent studies have highlighted associations between diseases and host microbiota. It is yet extremely challenging-especially under natural conditions-to clarify whether the host microbiota promotes future infections, or whether changes in host microbiota result from infections. Nonetheless, deciphering between these two processes is essential for highlighting the role of microbes in disease progression. We longitudinally surveyed, in the wild, the microbiota of individual fish hosts (Leuciscus burdigalensis) both before and after infection by a crustacean ectoparasite (Tracheliastes polycolpus). We found a striking association between parasite infection and the host microbiota composition restricted to the fins the parasite anchored. We clearly demonstrated that infections by the parasite induced a shift in (and did not result from) the host fin microbiota. Fin microbiota further got similar to that of the adult stage, and the free-living infective stage of the parasite during infection with a predominance of the Burkholderiaceae bacteria family. This suggests that Burkholderiaceae bacteria is involved in a co-infection process and possibly facilitate T. polycolpus infection. We reveal novel mechanistic insights for understanding the role of the microbiota in host-parasite interactions, which has implications for predicting the progression of diseases in natural host populations.
Published: 2023

6. Evidence for a genetic sex determination in Cnidaria, the Mediterranean red coral (Corallium rubrum)

Author: Eve Toulza, S. Chenesseau, Pierre Pontarotti, Kelly Brener, M. Bonabaud, Marine Pratlong, Anne Haguenauer, S. Rialle, Didier Aurelle, Guillaume Mitta, Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale ( IMBE ), Université d'Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse ( UAPV ) -Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Interactions Hôtes-Pathogènes-Environnements ( IHPE ), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia ( UPVD ) -Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer ( IFREMER ) -Université de Montpellier ( UM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), BioCampus Montpellier ( BCM ), Université Montpellier 1 ( UM1 ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle-Université de Montpellier ( UM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut de Mathématiques de Marseille ( I2M ), Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Ecole Centrale de Marseille ( ECM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Avignon Université (AU), Interactions Hôtes-Pathogènes-Environnements (IHPE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD), BioCampus Montpellier (BCM), Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Mathématiques de Marseille (I2M), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), BioCampus (BCM), and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Cnidaria, Range (biology), Single-nucleotide polymorphism, Biology, DNA sequencing, 03 medical and health sciences, cnidaria, Genetics, lcsh:Science, Gene, Allele frequency, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Corallium rubrum, Multidisciplinary, corallium rubrum, [SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], RAD-sequencing, biology.organism_classification, Sexual reproduction, genetic sex determination, Multicellular organism, 030104 developmental biology, [ SDV.BID.EVO ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], lcsh:Q, rad-sequencing, Research Article
Abstract: Sexual reproduction is widespread among eukaryotes, and the sex-determining processes vary greatly among species. While genetic sex determination (GSD) has been intensively described in bilaterian species, no example has yet been recorded among non-bilaterians. However, the quasi-ubiquitous repartition of GSD among multicellular species suggests that similar evolutionary forces can promote this system, and that these forces could occur also in non-bilaterians. Studying sex determination across the range of Metazoan diversity is indeed important to understand better the evolution of this mechanism and its lability. We tested the existence of sex-linked genes in the gonochoric red coral ( Corallium rubrum , Cnidaria) using restriction site-associated DNA sequencing. We analysed 27 461 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 354 individuals from 12 populations including 53 that were morphologically sexed. We found a strong association between the allele frequencies of 472 SNPs and the sex of individuals, suggesting an XX/XY sex-determination system. This result was confirmed by the identification of 435 male-specific loci. An independent test confirmed that the amplification of these loci enabled us to identify males with absolute certainty. This is the first demonstration of a GSD system among non-bilaterian species and a new example of its convergence in multicellular eukaryotes.
Published: 2017

7. Long dsRNAs promote an anti-viral response in Pacific oyster hampering ostreid herpesvirus 1 replication

Author: Luca Bargelloni, Bruno Petton, Jacqueline Le Grand, Arnaud Huvet, Philippe Miner, Caroline Montagnani, Tristan Renault, Marianna Pauletto, Nicole Faury, Amélie Segarra, Caroline Fabioux, Yannick Labreuche, Virgile Quillien, Elodie Fleury, Universita degli Studi di Padova = University of Padua = Université de Padoue, Laboratoire de Génétique et Pathologie des Mollusques Marins, 17390 La Tremblade, France., Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer ( IFREMER ), Interactions Hôtes-Pathogènes-Environnements ( IHPE ), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia ( UPVD ) -Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer ( IFREMER ) -Université de Montpellier ( UM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) ( LEMAR ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer ( IFREMER ) -Université de Brest ( UBO ) -Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer ( IUEM ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Université de Brest ( UBO ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Université de Brest ( UBO ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire de Génétique et Pathologie ( LGP ), Physiologie et Ecophysiologie des Mollusques Marins ( PE2M ), Université de Caen Normandie ( UNICAEN ), Normandie Université ( NU ) -Normandie Université ( NU ) -Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer ( IFREMER ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, Università degli Studi di Padova = University of Padua (Unipd), Laboratoire de Génétique et Pathologie des Mollusques Marins (LGPMM), Santé, Génétique et Microbiologie des Mollusques (SGMM), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Interactions Hôtes-Pathogènes-Environnements (IHPE), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Laboratoire de Biologie Intégrative des Modèles Marins (LBI2M), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Station biologique de Roscoff (SBR), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Station biologique de Roscoff (SBR), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Génétique et Pathologie (LGP), Amélioration génétique, du contrôle des performances et de la santé des mollusques marins (AGSAE), ANR-08-GENM-0041,Gametogenes,Génomiques de la gamétogénèse chez l'huître creuse Crassostrea gigas(2008), European Project: 245119,EC:FP7:KBBE,FP7-KBBE-2009-3,REPROSEED(2010), Universita degli Studi di Padova, Laboratoire de Génétique et Pathologie des Mollusques Marins, 17390 La Tremblade, France. (LGPMM), Santé, Génétique et Microbiologie des Mollusques (IFREMER SG2M), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - Atlantique (IFREMER Atlantique), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - Atlantique (IFREMER Atlantique), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - Brest (IFREMER Centre de Bretagne), Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Oyster, Ostreid herpesvirus 1, Physiology, viruses, Aquatic Science, 03 medical and health sciences, Inhibitor of NF-kappa B, RNA interference, biology.animal, Animals, 14. Life underwater, Crassostrea, Molecular Biology, Gene, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, RNA, Double-Stranded, biology, ACL, [SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], fungi, DNA Viruses, RNA, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Pacific oyster, biology.organism_classification, Virology, Reverse genetics, Immunity, Innate, RNA silencing, 030104 developmental biology, [ SDV.BID.EVO ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], Marine bivalve, Viral replication, Inhibitor of NF-κB, Insect Science, Anti-viral response, DNA, Viral, 040102 fisheries, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Animal Science and Zoology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract: Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA)-mediated genetic interference (RNAi) is a widely used reverse genetic tool for determining the loss-of-function phenotype of a gene. Here, the possible induction of an immune response by long dsRNA was tested in a marine bivalve (Crassostrea gigas), as well as the specific role of the subunit 2 of the nuclear factor kappa B inhibitor (I kappa B2). This gene is a candidate of particular interest for functional investigations in the context of oyster mass mortality events, as Cg-I kappa B2 mRNA levels exhibited significant variation depending on the amount of ostreid herpesvirus 1 (OsHV-1) DNA detected. In the present study, dsRNAs targeting Cg-I kappa B2 and green fluorescent protein genes were injected in vivo into oysters before being challenged by OsHV-1. Survival appeared close to 100% in both dsRNA-injected conditions associated with a low detection of viral DNA and a low expression of a panel of 39 OsHV-1 genes as compared with infected control. Long dsRNA molecules, both Cg-I kappa B2- and GFP-dsRNA, may have induced an anti-viral state controlling the OsHV-1 replication and precluding the understanding of the specific role of Cg-I kappa B2. Immune-related genes including Cg-I kappa B1, Cg-Rel1, Cg-IFI44, Cg-PKR and Cg-IAP appeared activated in the dsRNA-injected condition, potentially hampering viral replication and thus conferring a better resistance to OsHV-1 infection. We revealed that long dsRNA-mediated genetic interference triggered an anti-viral state in the oyster, emphasizing the need for new reverse genetics tools for assessing immune gene function and avoiding off-target effects in bivalves.
Published: 2017

8. Identifying genes associated with genetic control of color polymorphism in the pearl oyster Pinctada margaritifera var. cumingii (Linnaeus 1758) using a comparative whole genome pool‐sequencing approach

Author: Pierre‐Louis Stenger, Chin‐Long Ky, Jeremie Vidal‐Dupiol, Serge Planes, Céline Reisser, Ecosystèmes Insulaires Océaniens (UMR 241) (EIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de la Polynésie Française (UPF)-Institut Louis Malardé [Papeete] (ILM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Interactions Hôtes-Pathogènes-Environnements (IHPE), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Centre de recherches insulaires et observatoire de l'environnement (CRIOBE), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation (UMR MARBEC), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)
Subjects: pooled whole genome sequencing, [SDV.GEN.GPO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], population genomics, [SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], pigmentation evolution, pearl farming, color, Pinctada margaritifera, [SDV.GEN.GA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Animal genetics, Pooled Whole Genome Sequencing, Genetics, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract: International audience; For hundreds of years, the color diversity of Mollusca shells has been a topic of interest for humanity. However, the genetic control underlying color expression is still poorly understood in mollusks. The pearl oyster Pinctada margaritifera is increasingly becoming a biological model to study this process due to its ability to produce a large range of colors. Previous breeding experiments demonstrated that color phenotypes were partly under genetic control, and while a few genes were found in comparative transcriptomics and epigenetic experiments, genetic variants associated to the phenotypes have not yet been investigated. Here, we used a pooled-sequencing approach on 172 individuals to investigate color-associated variants on three color phenotypes of economic interest for pearl farming, in three wild and one hatchery populations. While our results uncovered SNPs targeting pigment-related genes already identified in previous studies, such as PBGD, tyrosinases, GST, or FECH, we also identified new colorrelated genes occurring in the same pathways, like CYP4F8, CYP3A4 and CYP2R1. Moreover, we identified new genes involved in novel pathways unknown to be involved in shell coloration for P. margaritifera, like the carotenoid pathway, BCO1. These findings are essential to possibly implement future breeding programs focused on individual selection for specific color production in pearl oysters and improve the footprint of perliculture on Polynesian lagoon by producing less, but with a better quality.
Published: 2022

9. Ontogenetical development of branchial chambers of Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone, 1931) and their involvement in osmoregulation: ionocytes and Na+/K+-ATPase

Author: Jennyfers Chong-Robles, Ivone Giffard-Mena, Araceli Patrón-Soberano, Guy Charmantier, Viviane Boulo, Deyanira Rodarte-Venegas, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California (UABC), Instituto Potosino de Investigación Cientifca y Tecnológica, MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation (UMR MARBEC), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Interactions Hôtes-Pathogènes-Environnements (IHPE), and Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)
Subjects: Shrimp, [SDV.BA.ZI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Invertebrate Zoology, [SDV.BDD.EO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Development Biology/Embryology and Organogenesis, Histology, Mitochondria-rich cell, Ontogeny, Salinity adaptation, Hypo-osmoregulation, Postlarvae, Cell Biology, Pathology and Forensic Medicine
Abstract: International audience; Branchial chambers constitute the main osmoregulatory site in almost all decapod crustaceans. However, few studies have been devoted to elucidate the cellular function of specific cells in every osmoregulatory structure of the branchial chambers. In decapod crustaceans, it is well-known that the osmoregulatory function is localized in specific structures that progressively specialize from early developmental stages while specific molecular mechanisms occur. In this study, we found that although the structures developed progressively during the larval and postlarval stages, before reaching juvenile or adult morphology, the osmoregulatory capabilities of Litopenaeus vannamei were gradually established only during the development of branchiostegites and epipodites, but not gills. The cellular structures of the branchial chambers observed during the larval phase do not present the typical ultrastructure of ionocytes, neither N a + /K +-ATPase expression, likely indicating that pleura, branchiostegites, or bud gills do not participate in osmoregulation. During early postlarval stages, the lack of N a + / K +-ATPase immunoreactivity of the ionocytes from the branchiostegites and epipodites suggests that they are immature ionocytes (ionocytes type I). It could be inferred from IIF and TEM results that epipodites and branchiostegites are involved in iono-osmoregulation from PL15, while gills and pleura do not participate in this function.
Published: 2022

10. An epigenetic molluscicide

Author: Nelia Luviano, Ludovic Halby, Corinne Jallet, Paola B. Arimondo, Celine Cosseau, Christoph Grunau, Interactions Hôtes-Pathogènes-Environnements (IHPE), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Chimie biologique épigénétique - Epigenetic Chemical Biology (EpiCBio), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), This study is set within the framework of the « Laboratoire d’Excellence (LabEx) » TULIP (ANR-10-LABX-41) and CeMEB (ANR- 10-LABX-04-01). N.L. was supported by a PhD grant of the Region Occitanie, France and the UPVD, ANR-10-LABX-0041,TULIP,Towards a Unified theory of biotic Interactions: the roLe of environmental(2010), and ANR-10-LABX-0004,CeMEB,Mediterranean Center for Environment and Biodiversity(2010)
Subjects: molluscicide, [SDV.BA.ZI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Invertebrate Zoology, schistosomiases, epigenetics, DNA methylation inhibitor, [CHIM.THER]Chemical Sciences/Medicinal Chemistry, Biomphalaria glabrata
Abstract: Biomphalaria glabratais a fresh-water mollusk that serves as obligatory intermediate host toSchistosoma mansoni, agent of the neglected tropical disease schistosomiasis that affects roughly 250 Mio people. One of the ways to control the pathogenic agent is to interrupt the life cycle by eliminating the intermediate snail host though foal treatment of water bodies with molluscicides. Currently recommended molluscicides were developed in the 1950ths and lack sufficient specificity, e.g., they are toxic to fish. To provide new lead compounds for the development of a new type of molluscicides we used a rational approach based on the hypotheses that interfering with an important epigenetic mark, DNA methylation, would impede development of the snail host. We present here the compound 29, analogues-based compound that mimic substrates of DNA methyltransferases. We show that compound 29 has (i) low cytotoxicity for human cells, (ii) it inhibits DNA methylation, and (iii) it decreases fecundity inB.glabrata. It is therefore conceivable to produce compounds that act as specific epigenetic molluscicides.
Published: 2023

11. Marine transmissible cancer navigates urbanised waters, threatening to spillover

Author: M. Hammel, F. Touchard, E. A. V. Burioli, L. Paradis, F Cerqueira, E. Chailler, I. Bernard, H. Cochet, A. Simon, F. Thomas, D. Destoumieux-Garzón, G. M. Charrière, N. Bierne, Interactions Hôtes-Pathogènes-Environnements (IHPE), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), SAS Eurêka Mer, Centre de Recherches Ecologiques et Evolutives sur le Cancer (MIVEGEC-CREEC), Processus Écologiques et Évolutifs au sein des Communautés (PEEC), Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM), This work was supported by Montpellier Université d’Excellence (BLUECANCER project) and Agence Nationale de la Recherche (TRANSCAN project, ANR-18-CE35-0009). This study falls within the framework of the 'Laboratoires d’Excellence (LABEX)' CEMEB (10-LABX-0004) and Tulip (ANR-10-LABX-41). FT is supported by the MAVA Foundation., and ANR-18-CE35-0009,TRANSCAN,ECOLOGIE ET EVOLUTION DES CANCERS TRANSMISSIBLES(2018)
Subjects: Spillover, Mytilus mussels, Epidemiology, Biofouling, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Transmissible cancer, Bivalve Transmissible Neoplasia
Abstract: Transmissible cancer, a unique form of microparasites that spreads through direct transmission of living cancer cells, is increasingly reported in marine bivalves. In this study, we sought to understand the ecology of the propagation ofMytilus trossulusBivalve Transmissible Neoplasia 2 (MtrBTN2), a transmissible cancer affecting fourMytilusmussel species worldwide. We investigated the prevalence of MtrBTN2 in the mosaic hybrid zone ofM. edulisandM. galloprovincialisalong the French Atlantic coast, sampling contrasting natural and anthropogenic habitats. We observed a similar prevalence in both species, likely due to the proximity of the two species in this region. Our results showed that ports had higher prevalence of MtrBTN2, with a hotspot observed at a shuttle landing dock. No cancer was found in natural beds except for two sites around the hotspot, suggesting spillover. Ports may provide favourable conditions for the transmission of MtrBTN2, such as high mussel density, confined sheltered shores, or buffered temperatures. Ships may also spread the disease through biofouling, with maritime traffic being the best predictor of MtrBTN2 prevalence. Our results suggest ports may serve as epidemiological hubs, with maritime routes providing artificial gateways for MtrBTN2 propagation. This highlights the importance of preventing biofouling on docks and ships’ hulls to limit the spread of marine pathogens.
Published: 2023

12. MALDI-TOF: A new tool for the identification of Schistosoma cercariae and detection of hybrids

Author: Antoine Huguenin, Julien Kincaid-Smith, Jérôme Depaquit, Jérôme Boissier, Hubert Ferté, Epidémiosurveillance de protozooses à transmission alimentaire et vectorielle (ESCAPE), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie (LPM), IFR 53, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-CHU Maison Blanche-UPRES EA 2070, Interactions Hôtes-Pathogènes-Environnements (IHPE), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (UMR CBGP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Montpellier (UM), This research was funded by the program HySWARM (ANR-18-CE35-0001) from the French Research National Agency., and ANR-18-CE35-0001,HySWARM,Hybrid Swarm: rôle de l'hybridation dans les capacités invasives, l'épidémiologie et le diagnostic de la schistosomiase(2018)
Subjects: Infectious Diseases, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology
Abstract: Schistosomiasis is a neglected water-born parasitic disease caused by Schistosoma affecting more than 200 million people. Introgressive hybridization is common among these parasites and raises issues concerning their zoonotic transmission. Morphological identification of Schistosoma cercariae is difficult and does not permit hybrids detection. Our objective was to assess the performance of MALDI-TOF for the specific identification of cercariae in human and non-human Schistosoma and for the detection of hybridization between S. bovis and S. haematobiumSpectra were collected from laboratory reared molluscs infested with strains of S. haematobium, S. mansoni, S. bovis, S. rodhaini and S. bovis x S. haematobium natural (Corsican hybrid) and artificial hybrids. Cluster analysis showed a clear separation between S. haematobium, S. bovis, S. mansoni and S. rodhaini. Corsican hybrids are classified with those of the parental strain of S. haematobium whereas other hybrids formed a distinct cluster. In blind test analysis the developed MALDI-TOF spectral database permits identification of Schistosoma cercariae with high accuracy (94%) and good specificity (S. bovis: 99.59%, S. haematobium 99.56%, S. mansoni and S. rodhaini: 100%). Most misidentifications were between S. haematobium and the Corsican hybrids. The use of machine learning permits to improve the discrimination between these last two taxa, with accuracy, F1 score and Sensitivity/Specificity > 97%. In multivariate analysis the factors associated with obtaining a valid identification score (> 1.7) were absence of ethanol preservation (p < 0.001) and a number of 2-3 cercariae deposited per well (p < 0.001). Also spectra acquired from S. mansoni cercariae are more likely to obtain a valid identification score than those acquired from S. haematobium (pMALDI-TOF is a reliable technique for high-throughput identification of Schistosoma cercariae of medical and veterinary importance and could be useful for field survey in endemic areas.Author SummarySchistosomoses are neglected tropical diseases, affecting approximately 200 million people worldwide. They are transmitted during contact with water contaminated with the infesting stage of the parasite (the cercaria stage). Species-level recognition of cercariae present in water has important implications for field campaigns aimed at eradicating schistosomiasis. In addition, Schistosomes are able to hybridize between different species. Identification of Schistosomes cercariae on microscopy is difficult because of their similarity, and it does not allow hybrids to be distinguished. Molecular biology techniques allow a reliable diagnosis but are expensive. MALDI-TOF is a recent technique that permits an inexpensive identification of micro-organisms in a few minutes. In this paper, we evaluate MALDI-TOF identification of Schistosomes cercariae.We have implemented a database of MALDI-TOF cercariae spectra obtained from parental strains and hybrids of species of medical or veterinary interest, allowing reliable identification with an accuracy of 94%. The identification errors mainly come from confusion between the natural Corsican hybrid (S. haematobium x S. bovis) and S. haematobium. The use of machine learning algorithms permits to obtain an accuracy of more than 97% in the recognition of these two parasites. In conclusion, MALDI-TOF is a promising tool for the identification of Schistosome cercariae.
Published: 2023

13. Emergence and clonal expansion of Vibrio aestuarianus lineages pathogenic for oysters in Europe

Author: Aurélie Mesnil, Maude Jacquot, Céline Garcia, Delphine Tourbiez, Lydie Canier, Audrey Bidois, Lionel Dégremont, Deborah Cheslett, Michelle Geary, Alessia Vetri, Ana Roque, Dolors Furones, Alison Garden, Petya Orozova, Isabelle Arzul, Mathieu Sicard, Guillaume M. Charrière, Delphine Destoumieux‐Garzón, Marie‐Agnès Travers, Producció Animal, Aqüicultura, Interactions Hôtes-Pathogènes-Environnements (IHPE), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Adaptation et Santé des Invertébrés Marins (ASIM), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Laboratoire de Génétique et Pathologie des Mollusques Marins (LGPMM), Santé, Génétique et Microbiologie des Mollusques (SGMM), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Marine Institute [Oranmore], Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries = Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA), National Diagnostic and Research Veterinary Medical Institute, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), and ANR-10-LABX-0041,TULIP,Towards a Unified theory of biotic Interactions: the roLe of environmental(2010)
Subjects: [SDV.BA.MVSA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Veterinary medicine and animal Health, Genetics, [SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract: Crassostrea gigas oysters represent a significant global food source, with 4.7 million tons harvested per year. In 2001, the bacterium V. aesturianus francensis emerged as a pathogen that causes adult oyster mortality in France and Ireland. Its impact on oyster aquaculture has increased in Europe since its reemergence in 2012. To better understand the evolutionary mechanisms leading to the emergence and persistence over time of this pathogen, we conducted a survey of mollusk diseases through national reference laboratories (NRLs) across Europe. We analyzed 54 new genomes of V. aestuarianus (Va) isolated from multiple environmental compartments since 2001, in areas with and without bivalve mortalities. We used a combination of comparative genomics and population genetics approaches to show that Va francensis lineages have undergone clonal expansion in Europe, likely after a recent selective bottleneck. Low mutation and recombination rates may have selected particular virulent genotypes. Furthermore, we identified a specific cus-cop-containing island conferring copper resistance to Va francensis whose acquisition may have favored the emergence of pathogenic lineages adapted to oysters.
Published: 2023

14. Fasciolosis in the Mediterranean island of Corsica (France): Insights from epidemiological and malacological investigations

Author: A. Alba, S. Grech-Angelini, A.A. Vázquez, P. Alda, Q. Blin, L. Lemmonier, A. Chauvin, C. Chartier, P. Douchet, S. Hurtrez-Boussès, O. Rey, J. Foata, J. Boissier, Y. Quilichini, Sciences pour l'environnement (SPE), Université Pascal Paoli (UPP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Instituto de Medicina Tropical «Pedro Kouri», Instituto de Medicina Tropical «Pedro Kouri» Cuba, Groupement Technique Vétérinaire de Corse, Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM), Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida [Bahía Blanca] (CERZOS), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas [Buenos Aires] (CONICET)-Universidad Nacional del Sur [Argentina] (UNS), Laboratoire de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire Végétales - UMR6134, Biologie, Epidémiologie et analyse de risque en Santé Animale (BIOEPAR), École nationale vétérinaire, agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Interactions Hôtes-Pathogènes-Environnements (IHPE), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Centre de Recherche en Ecologie et Evolution de la Santé (CREES), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)
Subjects: [SDV.BA.MVSA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Veterinary medicine and animal Health, Ecology, Epidemiology, Husbandry practices, prevalence, Corsica, lymnaeid snails, Fasciola hepatica, livestock, husbandry practices, Prevalence, Parasitology, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Lymnaeid snails, ecology
Abstract: International audience; Fasciolosis is a re-emergent parasitic disease of worldwide significance with a major global impact on livestock health and production. In the French Mediterranean island of Corsica, fasciolosis has been recognized for a long time but little is known about its dynamic as the main investigations are outdated. Three compartments-definitive domestic hosts, intermediate hosts and environment-involved in fasciolosis transmission were studied by applying an integrative and extensive approach: (1) farm and abattoir surveys, (2) snail sampling, identification and infection prospection, and (3) snail habitat analysis; and (4) a questionnaire-based survey to inquire about husbandry practices and environmental risks. Our results indicate a significant circulation of the liver flukes in Corsican livestock, with 90% (252/279) of the sampled farms testing positive for anti-F. hepatica antibodies. At the abattoir, 46% (67/149) of cattle were positive for F. hepatica antibodies and eggs were present in the bile of 19% (26/139) bovines. In addition, high prevalence of Dicrocoelium dendriticum (69%) was observed in slaughtered cattle. Malacological surveys registered the occurrence of several lymnaeid species in a variety of habitats throughout the island. In particular, we report for the first time the presence of the invasive lymnaeid snail Pseudosuccinea columella in Corsica, a potential intermediate host for F. hepatica. We also found that the presence of Galba truncatula and, to a lesser extent, that of Peregriana peregra, is associated with altitude. Fasciola hepatica DNA was detected in the latter species occurring at two different sites. Finally, a questionnaire-based study revealed risky management practices among Corsican farmers, low perception of transmission and a suboptimal use of flukicide treatments as main control strategy. Our results show that animal fasciolosis in Corsica is characterised by a significant circulation and a favourable epidemiological scenario for transmission to occur.
Published: 2023

15. Copper homeostasis at the host vibrio interface: lessons from intracellular vibrio transcriptomics

Author: Vanhove, A.S., Rubio, T.P., Nguyen, A.N., Lemire, A., Roche, D., Nicod, J., Vergnes, Agnès, Poirier, Aurore, Disconzi, E., Bachère, Evelyne, Le Roux, F., Jacq, Annick, Charrière, Guillaume M, Destoumieux-Garzón, Delphine, Interactions Hôtes-Pathogènes-Environnements (IHPE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD), Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule (I2BC), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Signalisation et Réseaux de Régulations Bactériens (SRRB), Département Biologie des Génomes (DBG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule (I2BC), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Biologie Intégrative des Modèles Marins (LBI2M), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Station biologique de Roscoff [Roscoff] (SBR), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Génomique métabolique (UMR 8030), Genoscope - Centre national de séquençage [Evry] (GENOSCOPE), Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Interactions Hôtes-Pathogènes-Environnements ( IHPE ), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia ( UPVD ) -Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer ( IFREMER ) -Université de Montpellier ( UM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule ( I2BC ), Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ), Laboratoire de Biologie Intégrative des Modèles Marins ( LBI2M ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Génomique métabolique ( UMR 8030 ), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne ( UEVE ) -Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Station biologique de Roscoff [Roscoff] (SBR), and Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0303 health sciences, Cytoplasm, [SDV.BA.MVSA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Veterinary medicine and animal Health, Hemocytes, Base Sequence, Virulence, 030306 microbiology, Sequence Analysis, RNA, Superoxide Dismutase, Microbiology, [SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, [ SDE ] Environmental Sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, Bacterial Proteins, [SDV.BBM.GTP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Genomics [q-bio.GN], [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Host-Pathogen Interactions, Animals, Homeostasis, Crassostrea, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Copper, 030304 developmental biology, Shellfish, Vibrio
Abstract: International audience; Recent studies revealed that several vibrio species have evolved the capacity to survive inside host cells. However, it is still often ignored if intracellular stages are required for pathogenicity. Virulence of Vibrio tasmaniensis LGP32, a strain pathogenic for Crassostrea gigas oysters, depends on entry into hemocytes, the oyster immune cells. We investigated here the mechanisms of LGP32 intracellular survival and their consequences on the host-pathogen interaction. Entry and survival inside hemocytes were required for LGP32-driven cytolysis of hemocytes, both in vivo and in vitro. LGP32 intracellular stages showed a profound boost in metabolic activity and a major transcription of antioxidant and copper detoxification genes, as revealed by RNA sequencing. LGP32 isogenic mutants showed that resistance to oxidative stress and copper efflux are two main functions required for vibrio intracellular stages and cytotoxicity to hemocytes. Copper efflux was also essential for host colonization and virulence in vivo. Altogether our results identify copper resistance as a major mechanism to resist killing by phagocytes, induce cytolysis of immune cells and colonize oysters. Selection of such resistance traits could arise from vibrio interactions with copper-rich environmental niches including marine invertebrates, which favor the emergence of pathogenic vibrios resistant to intraphagosomal killing across animal species.
Published: 2015

16. The emergence of Vibrio pathogens in Europe : ecology, evolution, and pathogenesis (Paris, 11-12th March 2015)

Author: Alexander K. T. Kirschner, Luigi Vezzulli, Stephan Huehn, Craig Baker-Austin, Eckhard Strauch, Tom Defoirdt, Felipe Cava, Carlos R. Osorio, Didier Mazel, Frédérique Le Roux, Delphine Destoumieux-Garzón, K. Mathias Wegner, Lone Gram, Jennifer M. Ritchie, Carmen Amaro, Melanie Blokesch, Carolin C. Wendling, Annick Jacq, Laboratoire de Biologie Intégrative des Modèles Marins (LBI2M), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC) - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Physiologie Fonctionnelle des Organismes marins, Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research (AWI), Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science [Weymouth] (CEFAS), Department of Earth, Environmental and Life Sciences (DISTAV), Universita degli studi di Genova, Instituto de Acuicultura, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, University of Valencia, University of Surrey (UNIS), UGent Aquaculture R&D Consortium, Interactions Hôtes-Pathogènes-Environnements (IHPE), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD) - Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER) - Université de Montpellier (UM) - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Global Health Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Plasticité du Génome Bactérien, Institut Pasteur [Paris] - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de génétique et microbiologie [Orsay] (IGM), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11) - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Umea University (SWEDEN), Technical University of Denmark [Lyngby] (DTU), GEOMAR - Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel (GEOMAR), Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Medical University of Vienna, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Departamento de Microbioloxía e Parasitoloxía, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Instituto de Acuicultura, Station biologique de Roscoff [Roscoff] (SBR), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Coastal Ecology, Alfred Wegener Institute, Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), Università degli studi di Genova = University of Genoa (UniGe), Departamento de Microbioloxía e Parasitoloxía, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela [Spain] (USC ), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Universiteit Gent = Ghent University (UGENT), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Global Health Institute - Institut d'Infectiologie [Lausanne], Plasticité du Génome Bactérien - Bacterial Genome Plasticity (PGB), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule (I2BC), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Umeå University, Danmarks Tekniske Universitet = Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research [Kiel] (GEOMAR), Bundesinstitut für Risikobewertung - Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Institute for Hygiene and Applied Immunology, Medizinische Universität Wien = Medical University of Vienna, Free University of Berlin (FU), We warmly thank EUROMARINE, EMBRC-France, the Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR) for their financial support, Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer ( IFREMER ), Laboratoire de Biologie Intégrative des Modèles Marins ( LBI2M ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research ( AWI ), Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science [Weymouth] ( CEFAS ), Department of Earth, Environmental and Life Sciences ( DISTAV ), Instituto de Acuicultura, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, University of Surrey ( UNIS ), Ghent University [Belgium] ( UGENT ), Interactions Hôtes-Pathogènes-Environnements ( IHPE ), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia ( UPVD ) -Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer ( IFREMER ) -Université de Montpellier ( UM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne ( EPFL ), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule ( I2BC ), Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ), Technical University of Denmark [Lyngby] ( DTU ), GEOMAR - Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research [Kiel] ( GEOMAR ), Free University of Berlin ( FU ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Station biologique de Roscoff [Roscoff] (SBR), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD), and Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Cell- och molekylärbiologi, lcsh:QR1-502, Network, PACIFIC OYSTERS, [ SDV.MP.BAC ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, global warming, human health, genome plasticity, HORIZONTAL GENE-TRANSFER, lcsh:Microbiology, european network, OYSTERS CRASSOSTREA-GIGAS, Applied research, Food security, biology, Ecology, Genome plasticity, MARINE PHOTOBACTERIUM, Human health risks, aquaculture, SECRETION SYSTEM, Perspective, Vibrio-host interaction, VIRULENCE FACTORS, Microbiology (medical), Ecology (disciplines), Social issues, Microbiology, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, [SDV.BID.EVO] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], 14. Life underwater, SDG 14 - Life Below Water, SDG 2 - Zero Hunger, Bacterial disease, animal model, Global warming, Outbreak, Biology and Life Sciences, genome asticity, D-AMINO ACIDS, Animal model, Aquaculture, Biotic-abiotic interactions, Human health, interactions, biology.organism_classification, CLINICAL SOURCES, [SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, bacterial disease, Vibrio, DAMSELAE SUBSP DAMSELAE, 13. Climate action, networks, Cell and Molecular Biology, PHOTOBACTERIUM-DAMSELAE
Abstract: Global change has caused a worldwide increase in reports of Vibrio-associated diseases with ecosystem-wide impacts on humans and marine animals. In Europe, higher prevalence of human infections followed regional climatic trends with outbreaks occurring during episodes of unusually warm weather. Similar patterns were also observed in Vibrio-associated diseases affecting marine organisms such as fish, bivalves and corals. Basic knowledge is still lacking on the ecology and evolutionary biology of these bacteria as well as on their virulence mechanisms. Current limitations in experimental systems to study infection and the lack of diagnostic tools still prevent a better understanding of Vibrio emergence. A major challenge is to foster cooperation between fundamental and applied research in order to investigate the consequences of pathogen emergence in natural Vibrio populations and answer federative questions that meet societal needs. Here we report the proceedings of the first European workshop dedicated to these specific goals of the Vibrio research community by connecting current knowledge to societal issues related to ocean health and food security We warmly thank EUROMARINE, EMBRC-France, the Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR) for their financial support and EFOR organization to this first workshop SI
Published: 2015

17. Amorphous-to-crystal transition in the layer-by-layer growth of bivalve shell prisms

Author: Julien Duboisset, Patrick Ferrand, Arthur Baroni, Tilman A. Grünewald, Hamadou Dicko, Olivier Grauby, Jeremie Vidal-Dupiol, Denis Saulnier, Le Moullac Gilles, Martin Rosenthal, Manfred Burghammer, Julius Nouet, Corinne Chevallard, Alain Baronnet, Virginie Chamard, MOSAIC (MOSAIC), Institut FRESNEL (FRESNEL), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Coherent Optical Microscopy and X-rays (COMiX), Centre Interdisciplinaire de Nanoscience de Marseille (CINaM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Interactions Hôtes-Pathogènes-Environnements (IHPE), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Ecosystèmes Insulaires Océaniens (UMR 241) (EIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de la Polynésie Française (UPF)-Institut Louis Malardé [Papeete] (ILM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), European Synchroton Radiation Facility [Grenoble] (ESRF), Géosciences Paris Saclay (GEOPS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire sur l'Organisation Nanométrique et Supramoléculaire (LIONS), Nanosciences et Innovation pour les Matériaux, la Biomédecine et l'Energie (ex SIS2M) (NIMBE UMR 3685), Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and European Project: 724881,H2020,3D-BioMat(2017)
Subjects: Biomineralization, Technology, CALCIUM-CARBONATE, PROTEINS, Materials Science, Biomedical Engineering, 02 engineering and technology, Biochemistry, Calcium Carbonate, Pinna nobilis, Pinctada margaritifera, Biomaterials, 03 medical and health sciences, Engineering, ORGANIC PHASES, Animals, Pinctada, Engineering, Biomedical, Molecular Biology, Mollusk prisms, 030304 developmental biology, Materials Science, Biomaterials, 0303 health sciences, Science & Technology, SPECTROSCOPY, Proteins, LOCALIZATION, General Medicine, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Bivalvia, PEARL OYSTER, STRUCTURE-PROPERTY RELATIONSHIPS, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], Vectorial ptychography, CRYSTALLIZATION, Coherent raman microscopy, Crystallization, 0210 nano-technology, MATRIX, Biotechnology
Abstract: Biomineralization integrates complex physical and chemical processes bio-controlled by the living organisms through ionic concentration regulation and organic molecules production. It allows tuning the structural, optical and mechanical properties of hard tissues during ambient-condition crystallisation, motivating a deeper understanding of the underlying processes. By combining state-of-the-art optical and X-ray microscopy methods, we investigated early-mineralized calcareous units from two bivalve species, Pinctada margaritifera and Pinna nobilis, revealing chemical and crystallographic structural insights. In these calcite units, we observed ring-like structural features correlated with a lack of calcite and an increase of amorphous calcium carbonate and proteins contents. The rings also correspond to a larger crystalline disorder and a larger strain level. Based on these observations, we propose a temporal biomineralization cycle, initiated by the production of an amorphous precursor layer, which further crystallizes with a transition front progressing radially from the unit centre, while the organics are expelled towards the prism edge. Simultaneously, along the shell thickness, the growth occurs following a layer-by-layer mode. These findings open biomimetic perspectives for the design of refined crystalline materials. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Calcareous biominerals are amongst the most present forms of biominerals. They exhibit astonishing structural, optical and mechanical properties while being formed at ambient synthesis conditions from ubiquitous ions, motivating the deep understanding of biomineralization. Here, we unveil the first formation steps involved in the biomineralization cycle of prismatic units of two bivalve species by applying a new multi-modal non-destructive characterization approach, sensitive to chemical and crystalline properties. The observations of structural features in mineralized units of different ages allowed the derivation of a temporal sequence for prism biomineralization, involving an amorphous precursor, a radial crystallisation front and a layer-by-layer sequence. Beyond these chemical and physical findings, the herein introduced multi-modal approach is highly relevant to other biominerals and bio-inspired studies. ispartof: ACTA BIOMATERIALIA vol:142 pages:194-207 ispartof: location:England status: published
Published: 2022

18. Development of environmental loop-mediated isothermal amplification (eLAMP) diagnostic tool for Bulinus truncatus field detection

Author: Blin, M., Senghor, Bruno, Boissier, Jérôme, Mulero, Stephen, REY, Olivier, Portela, Julien, Interactions Hôtes-Pathogènes-Environnements (IHPE), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Vecteurs - Infections tropicales et méditerranéennes (VITROME), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées [Brétigny-sur-Orge] (IRBA), S.A.S ParaDev, and ANR-10-LABX-0004,CeMEB,Mediterranean Center for Environment and Biodiversity(2010)
Subjects: Infectious Diseases, LAMP assay, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Parasitology, Environmental DNA, Intermediate host control, Bulinus truncatus
Abstract: Background Global changes are reshaping the distribution of vector-borne diseases by spreading vectors to previously non-endemic areas. Since 2013, urogenital schistosomiasis has emerged in Corsica and threatens European countries. Gastropod vectors release schistosome larvae that can infect humans who come into contact with freshwater bodies. Monitoring schistosomiasis host vectors is a prerequisite to understand and subsequently to control this pathogen transmission. Because malacological surveys are time consuming and require special expertise, the use of a simple molecular method is desirable. Methods The aim of this study is to develop a ready-to-use protocol using the LAMP (loop-mediated isothermal amplification) method to detect environmental DNA of Bulinus truncatus, vector of Schistosoma haematobium. Interestingly, LAMP method possesses all the characteristics required for adaptability to field conditions particularly in low-income countries: speed, simplicity, lyophilized reagents, low cost and robustness against DNA amplification inhibitors. We have tested this new method on Corsican water samples previously analysed by qPCR and ddPCR. Results We demonstrate that our diagnostic tool B. truncatus eLAMP (Bt-eLAMP) can detect the eDNA of Bulinus truncatus as effectively as the two other methods. Bt-eLAMP can even detect 1/4 of positive samples not detectable by qPCR. Moreover, the complete Bt-eLAMP protocol (sampling, sample pre-process, amplification and revelation) does not require sophisticated equipment and can be done in 1 ½ h. Conclusions LAMP detection of environmental DNA provides large-scale sensitive surveillance of urogenital schistosomiasis possible by identifying potentially threatened areas. More generally, eLAMP method has great potential in vector-borne diseases and ecology. Graphical Abstract
Published: 2023

19. Present and future challenges for the investigation of transgenerational epigenetic inheritance

Author: Manon Fallet, Mélanie Blanc, Michela Di Criscio, Philipp Antczak, Magnus Engwall, Carlos Guerrero Bosagna, Joëlle Rüegg, Steffen H. Keiter, Interactions Hôtes-Pathogènes-Environnements (IHPE), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Örebro University, Laboratoire Service d' Experimentations Aquacoles [Palavas les Flots] (LSEA MARBEC), MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation (UMR MARBEC), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Center for Molecular Medicine [Cologne] (CMMC), University of Cologne, and Örebro University Hospital [Örebro, Sweden]
Subjects: DNA methylation, Evolution, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Genetics, Post-translational histone modifications, Phenotypic plasticity, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Adaptation, Genetik, Miljövetenskap, Non-coding RNAs, Environmental Sciences, General Environmental Science
Abstract: Epigenetic pathways are essential in different biological processes and in phenotype-environment interactions in response to different stressors and they can induce phenotypic plasticity. They encompass several processes that are mitotically and, in some cases, meiotically heritable, so they can be transferred to subsequent generations via the germline. Transgenerational Epigenetic Inheritance (TEI) describes the phenomenon that phenotypic traits, such as changes in fertility, metabolic function, or behavior, induced by environmental factors (e.g., parental care, pathogens, pollutants, climate change), can be transferred to offspring generations via epigenetic mecha-nisms. Investigations on TEI contribute to deciphering the role of epigenetic mechanisms in adaptation, adver-sity, and evolution. However, molecular mechanisms underlying the transmission of epigenetic changes between generations, and the downstream chain of events leading to persistent phenotypic changes, remain unclear. Therefore, inter-, (transmission of information between parental and offspring generation via direct exposure) and transgenerational (transmission of information through several generations with disappearance of the triggering factor) consequences of epigenetic modifications remain major issues in the field of modern biology. In this article, we review and describe the major gaps and issues still encountered in the TEI field: the general challenges faced in epigenetic research; deciphering the key epigenetic mechanisms in inheritance processes; identifying the relevant drivers for TEI and implement a collaborative and multi-disciplinary approach to study TEI. Finally, we provide suggestions on how to overcome these challenges and ultimately be able to identify the specific contribution of epigenetics in transgenerational inheritance and use the correct tools for environmental science investigation and biomarkers identification.
Published: 2023

20. Traits of a mussel transmissible cancer are reminiscent of a parasitic life style

Author: Burioli, E., Hammel, M., Bierne, N., Thomas, F., Houssin, M., Destoumieux-Garzón, D., Charrière, G., Interactions Hôtes-Pathogènes-Environnements (IHPE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD), Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Recherches Ecologiques et Evolutives sur le Cancer (MIVEGEC-CREEC), Processus Écologiques et Évolutifs au sein des Communautés (PEEC), Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), LABÉO, Pôle d’analyses et de recherche de Normandie (LABÉO), Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), and ANR-18-CE35-0009,TRANSCAN,ECOLOGIE ET EVOLUTION DES CANCERS TRANSMISSIBLES(2018)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Cell biology, Hemocytes, Cell Survival, Mytilus edulis, Science, Diseases, [SDV.CAN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, Hemolymph, Neoplasms, Animals, Parasites, Seawater, 14. Life underwater, Cancer, Cell Proliferation, 030304 developmental biology, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, 0303 health sciences, Multidisciplinary, Ecology, 3. Good health, Phenotype, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Medicine
Abstract: Some cancers have evolved the ability to spread from host to host by transmission of cancerous cells. These rare biological entities can be considered parasites with a host-related genome. Still, we know little about their specific adaptation to a parasitic lifestyle. MtrBTN2 is one of the few lineages of transmissible cancers known in the animal kingdom. Reported worldwide, MtrBTN2 infects marine mussels. We isolated MtrBTN2 cells circulating in the hemolymph of cancerous mussels and investigated their phenotypic traits. We found that MtrBTN2 cells had remarkable survival capacities in seawater, much higher than normal hemocytes. With almost 100% cell survival over three days, they increase significantly their chances to infect neighboring hosts. MtrBTN2 also triggered an aggressive cancerous process: proliferation in mussels was ~ 17 times higher than normal hemocytes (mean doubling time of ~ 3 days), thereby favoring a rapid increase of intra-host population size. MtrBTN2 appears to induce host castration, thereby favoring resources re-allocation to the parasites and increasing the host carrying capacity. Altogether, our results highlight a series of traits of MtrBTN2 consistent with a marine parasitic lifestyle that may have contributed to the success of its persistence and dissemination in different mussel populations across the globe.
Published: 2021

21. Urogenital schistosomiasis in three different water access in the Senegal river basin: prevalence and monitoring praziquantel efficacy and re-infection levels

Author: Bruno Senghor, Eglantine Mathieu-Begné, Olivier Rey, Souleymane Doucouré, Doudou Sow, Bocar Diop, Mariama Sène, Jérôme Boissier, Cheikh Sokhna, Vecteurs - Infections tropicales et méditerranéennes (VITROME), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées [Brétigny-sur-Orge] (IRBA), Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale (SETE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Fédération de Recherche Agrobiosciences, Interactions et Biodiversité (FR AIB), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Interactions Hôtes-Pathogènes-Environnements (IHPE), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Institut Hospitalier Universitaire Méditerranée Infection (IHU Marseille), University Gaston Berger, LERSTAD, Saint-Louis, Senegal (UGB), and Gaston Berger University of Saint-Louis
Subjects: S. haematobium, Drug efficacy, Infectious Diseases, School children, [SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], Urinary schistosomiasis, Senegal river basin, S.haematobium, Re-infection, Praziquantel, Senegal
Abstract: Background Urogenital schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease most prevalent in sub-Saharan Africa. In the Senegal river basin, the construction of the Diama dam led to an increase and endemicity of schistosomiasis. Since 2009, praziquantel has frequently been used as preventive chemotherapy in the form of mass administration to Senegalese school-aged children without monitoring of the treatment efficacy and the prevalence after re-infection. This study aims to determine the current prevalence of urogenital schistosomiasis (caused by Schistosoma haematobium), the efficacy of praziquantel, and the re-infection rates in children from five villages with different water access. Methods The baseline prevalence of S. haematobium was determined in August 2020 in 777 children between 5 and 11 years old and a single dose of praziquantel (40 mg/kg) was administered to those positive. The efficacy of praziquantel and the re-infection rates were monitored 4 weeks and 7 months after treatment, respectively, in 226 children with a high intensity of infection at baseline. Results At the baseline, prevalence was low among children from the village of Mbane who live close to the Lac de Guiers (38%), moderate among those from the villages of Dioundou and Khodit, which neighbor the Doue river (46%), and very high at Khodit (90.6%) and Guia (91.2%) which mainly use an irrigation canal. After treatment, the observed cure rates confirmed the efficacy of praziquantel. The lowest cure rate (88.5%) was obtained in the village using the irrigation canal, while high cure rates were obtained in those using the lake (96.5%) and the river (98%). However, high egg reduction rates (between 96.7 and 99.7%) were obtained in all the villages. The re-infection was significantly higher in the village using the canal (42.5%) than in the villages accessing the Lac de Guiers (18.3%) and the Doue river (14.8%). Conclusion Praziquantel has an impact on reducing the prevalence and intensity of urogenital schistosomiasis. However, in the Senegal river basin, S. haematobium remains a real health problem for children living in the villages near the irrigation canals, despite regular treatment, while prevalence is declining from those frequenting the river and the Lac de Guiers. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04635553. Registered 19 November 2020 retrospectively registered, https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04635553?cntry=SN&draw=2&rank=4
Published: 2022

22. Sub-micrometric spatial distribution of amorphous and crystalline carbonates in biogenic crystals using coherent Raman microscopy

Author: Hamadou Dicko, Tilman A. Grünewald, Patrick Ferrand, Jérémie Vidal-Dupiol, Vaihiti Teaniniuraitemoana, Manaari Sham Koua, Gilles le Moullac, Jérémy Le Luyer, Denis Saulnier, Virginie Chamard, Julien Duboisset, Coherent Optical Microscopy and X-rays (COMiX), Institut FRESNEL (FRESNEL), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Interactions Hôtes-Pathogènes-Environnements (IHPE), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Laboratoire d'Excellence CORAIL (LabEX CORAIL), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université de la Polynésie Française (UPF)-Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie (UNC)-Institut d'écologie et environnement-Université des Antilles (UA), MOSAIC (MOSAIC), and European Project: 724881,H2020,3D-BioMat(2017)
Subjects: Microscopy, Structural Biology, Carbonates, Reproducibility of Results, [PHYS.COND]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat], Calcium Carbonate
Abstract: International audience; In living organisms, calcium carbonate biomineralization combines complex bio-controlled physical and chemical processes to produce crystalline hierarchical hard tissues (usually calcite or aragonite) typically from an amorphous precursor phase. Understanding the nature of the successive transient amorphous phases potentially involved in the amorphous-to-crystalline transition requires characterization tools, which are able to provide a spatial and spectroscopic analysis of the biomineral structure. In this work, we present a highly sensitive coherent Raman microscopy approach, which allows one to image molecular bond concentrations in post mortem shells and living animals, by exploiting the vibrational signature of the different carbonates compounds. To this end, we target the nu_1 calcium carbonate vibration mode and produce spatially and spectroscopically resolved images of the shell border of a mollusk shell, the Pinctada margaritifera pearl oyster. A novel approach is further presented to efficiently compare the amount of amorphous carbonate with respect to its crystalline counterpart. Finally, the whole microscopy method is used to image in vivo the shell border and demonstrate the feasibility and the reproducibility of the technique. These findings open chemical imaging perspectives for the study of biogenic and bio-inspired crystals.
Published: 2022

23. Adult sex ratios: causes of variation and implications for animal and human societies

Author: Ryan Schacht, Steven R. Beissinger, Claus Wedekind, Michael D. Jennions, Benjamin Geffroy, András Liker, Peter M. Kappeler, Franz J. Weissing, Karen L. Kramer, Therese Hesketh, Jérôme Boissier, Caroline Uggla, Mike Hollingshaus, Tamás Székely, East Carolina University [Greenville] (ECU), University of North Carolina System (UNC), Museum of Vertebrate Zoology [Berkeley], University of California [Berkeley] (UC Berkeley), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management [Berkeley] (ESPM), Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL), Australian National University (ANU), MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation (UMR MARBEC), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), University of Pannonia, German Primate Center - Deutsches Primatenzentrum -- Leibniz Insitute for Primate Research -- [Göttingen, Allemagne] (GPC - DPZ), University of Göttingen, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences [Groningen] (GELIFES), University of Groningen [Groningen], University of Utah, University College of London [London] (UCL), Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Interactions Hôtes-Pathogènes-Environnements (IHPE), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Stockholm University, Milner Centre for Evolution, University of Bath [Bath], University of Debrecen Egyetem [Debrecen], and Weissing group
Subjects: Male, Adult, Humans, Animals, Sex Ratio, Phylogeny, Biological Evolution, [SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], Medicine (miscellaneous), General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Abstract: Converging lines of inquiry from across the social and biological sciences target the adult sex ratio (ASR; the proportion of males in the adult population) as a fundamental population-level determinant of behavior. The ASR, which indicates the relative number of potential mates to competitors in a population, frames the selective arena for competition, mate choice, and social interactions. Here we review a growing literature, focusing on methodological developments that sharpen knowledge of the demographic variables underlying ASR variation, experiments that enhance understanding of the consequences of ASR imbalance across societies, and phylogenetic analyses that provide novel insights into social evolution. We additionally highlight areas where research advances are expected to make accelerating contributions across the social sciences, evolutionary biology, and biodiversity conservation.
Published: 2022

24. Structure of an amorphous calcium carbonate phase involved in the formation of Pinctada margaritifera shells

Author: Tilman A. Grünewald, Stefano Checchia, Hamadou Dicko, Gilles Le Moullac, Manaarii Sham Koua, Jeremie Vidal-Dupiol, Julien Duboisset, Julius Nouet, Olivier Grauby, Marco Di Michiel, Virginie Chamard, Coherent Optical Microscopy and X-rays (COMiX), Institut FRESNEL (FRESNEL), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Università degli Studi di Milano = University of Milan (UNIMI), Ecosystèmes Insulaires Océaniens (UMR 241) (EIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de la Polynésie Française (UPF)-Institut Louis Malardé [Papeete] (ILM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Interactions Hôtes-Pathogènes-Environnements (IHPE), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), MOSAIC (MOSAIC), Géosciences Paris Saclay (GEOPS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Interdisciplinaire de Nanoscience de Marseille (CINaM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), European Synchroton Radiation Facility [Grenoble] (ESRF), ANR-10-LABX-0041,TULIP,Towards a Unified theory of biotic Interactions: the roLe of environmental(2010), and European Project: 724881,H2020,3D-BioMat(2017)
Subjects: Biomineralization, Multidisciplinary, amorphous calcium carbonate, [SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], Amorphous calcium carbonate, calcium carbonate, biomineralization, Calcium carbonate, nonclassical crystallization
Abstract: Some mollusc shells are formed from an amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC) compound, which further transforms into a crystalline material. The transformation mechanism is not fully understood but is however crucial to develop bioinspired synthetic biomineralization strategies or accurate marine biomineral proxies for geoscience. The difficulty arises from the simultaneous presence of crystalline and amorphous compounds in the shell, which complicates the selective experimental characterization of the amorphous fraction. Here, we use nanobeam X-ray total scattering together with an approach to separate crystalline and amorphous scattering contributions to obtain the spatially resolved atomic pair distribution function (PDF). We resolve three distinct amorphous calcium carbonate compounds, present in the shell of Pinctada margaritifera and attributed to: interprismatic periostracum, young mineralizing units, and mature mineralizing units. From this, we extract accurate bond parameters by reverse Monte Carlo (RMC) modeling of the PDF. This shows that the three amorphous compounds differ mostly in their Ca–O nearest-neighbor atom pair distance. Further characterization with conventional spectroscopic techniques unveils the presence of Mg in the shell and shows Mg–calcite in the final, crystallized shell. In line with recent literature, we propose that the amorphous-to-crystal transition is mediated by the presence of Mg. The transition occurs through the decomposition of the initial Mg-rich precursor into a second Mg-poor ACC compound before forming a crystal.
Published: 2022

25. Species and population genomic differentiation in Pocillopora corals (Cnidaria, Hexacorallia)

Author: Didier Aurelle, Marine Pratlong, Nicolas Oury, Anne Haguenauer, Pauline Gélin, Hélène Magalon, Mehdi Adjeroud, Pascal Romans, Jeremie Vidal-Dupiol, Michel Claereboudt, Camille Noûs, Lauric Reynes, Eve Toulza, François Bonhomme, Guillaume Mitta, Pierre Pontarotti, Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecologie Marine et BIOdiversité (EMBIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB ), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Pythéas (OSU PYTHEAS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Université de La Réunion (UR), Ecologie marine tropicale dans les Océans Pacifique et Indien (ENTROPIE [Réunion]), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sorbonne Universités (COMUE), Interactions Hôtes-Pathogènes-Environnements (IHPE), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Sultan Qaboos University (SQU), Laboratoire Cogitamus, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Microbes évolution phylogénie et infections (MEPHI), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-11-LABX-0061,OTMed,Objectif Terre : Bassin Méditerranéen(2011), ANR-11-IDEX-0001,Amidex,INITIATIVE D'EXCELLENCE AIX MARSEILLE UNIVERSITE(2011), ANR-12-ADAP-0016,ADACNI,Processus adaptatifs chez les cnidaires: étude intégrative de la réponse au stress thermique et au changement climatique, des gènes aux populations(2012), ANR-10-INBS-0009,France-Génomique,Organisation et montée en puissance d'une Infrastructure Nationale de Génomique(2010), and ANR-10-LABX-0041,TULIP,Towards a Unified theory of biotic Interactions: the roLe of environmental(2010)
Subjects: Genetic Structures, species delineation, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Plant Science, General Medicine, RAD sequencing, Anthozoa, [SDV.BA.ZI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Invertebrate Zoology, Species Specificity, Insect Science, Genetics, genetic structure, Animals, Animal Science and Zoology, Metagenomics, Pocillopora, clonal reproduction, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, coral
Abstract: International audience; Correctly delimiting species and populations is a prerequisite for studies of connectivity, adaptation and conservation. Genomic data are particularly useful to test for species differentiation for organisms with few informative morphological characters or low discrimination of cytoplasmic markers, as in Scleractinians. Here we applied Restriction site Associated DNA sequencing (RADsequencing) to the study of species differentiation and genetic structure in populations of Pocillopora spp. from Oman and French Polynesia, with the objectives to test species hypotheses, and to study the genetic structure among sampling sites within species. We focused here on coral colonies morphologically similar to P. acuta (damicornis type β). We tested the impact of different filtering strategies on the stability of the results. The main genetic differentiation was observed between samples from Oman and French Polynesia. These samples corresponded to different previously defined primary species hypotheses (PSH), i.e. PSHs 12 and 13 in Oman, and PSH 5 in French Polynesia. In Oman, we did not observe any clear differentiation between the two putative species PSH 12 and 13, nor between sampling sites. In French Polynesia, where a single species hypothesis was studied, there was no differentiation between sites. Our analyses allowed the identification of clonal lineages in Oman and French Polynesia. The impact of clonality on genetic diversity is discussed in light of individual-based simulations.
Published: 2022

26. Single cell RNA sequencing reveals hemocyte heterogeneity in Biomphalaria glabrata: Plasticity over diversity

Author: Pichon, Rémi, Pinaud, Silvain, Vignal, Emmanuel, Chaparro, Cristian, Pratlong, Marine, Portet, Anaïs, Duval, David, Galinier, Richard, Gourbal, Benjamin, Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, Interactions Hôtes-Pathogènes-Environnements (IHPE), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute [Cambridge, Royaume-Uni] (CRUK), University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (IGF), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle - Montpellier GenomiX (IGF MGX), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-BioCampus (BCM), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, and Modat, Anne
Subjects: glabrata, Biomphalaria, Sequence Analysis, RNA, Snails, Immunology, innate immune system, Schistosoma mansoni, mansoni, B. glabrata, [SDV.IMM.II]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology/Innate immunity, Schistosomiasis mansoni, [SDV.BA.ZI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Invertebrate Zoology, hemocytes, [SDV.BA.ZI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Invertebrate Zoology, Animals, Humans, Immunology and Allergy, S. mansoni, [SDV.IMM.II] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology/Innate immunity, single cell RNA seq
Abstract: Peer reviewed: True, The freshwater snail Biomphalaria glabrata is an intermediate host of Schistosoma mansoni, the agent of human intestinal schistosomiasis. However, much is to be discovered about its innate immune system that appears as a complex black box, in which the immune cells (called hemocytes) play a major role in both cellular and humoral response towards pathogens. Until now, hemocyte classification has been based exclusively on cell morphology and ultrastructural description and depending on the authors considered from 2 to 5 hemocyte populations have been described. In this study, we proposed to evaluate the hemocyte heterogeneity at the transcriptomic level. To accomplish this objective, we used single cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) technology coupled to a droplet-based system to separate hemocytes and analyze their transcriptome at a unique cell level in naive Biomphalaria glabrata snails. We were able to demonstrate the presence of 7 hemocyte transcriptomic populations defined by the expression of specific marker genes. As a result, scRNAseq approach showed a high heterogeneity within hemocytes, but provides a detailed description of the different hemocyte transcriptomic populations in B. glabrata supported by distinct cellular functions and lineage trajectory. As a main result, scRNAseq revealed the 3 main population as a super-group of hemocyte diversity but, on the contrary, a great hemocytes plasticity with a probable capacity of hemocytes to engage to different activation pathways. This work opens a new field of research to understand the role of hemocytes particularly in response to pathogens, and towards S. mansoni parasites.
Published: 2022

27. RNAi suppression of DNA methylation affects the drought stress response and genome integrity in transgenic poplar

Author: Jose Caius, Sophie Lanciano, Régis Fichot, Sylvie Citerne, Véronique Brunaud, Jörg Tost, Vincent Segura, Steven H. Strauss, Ludivine Soubigou-Taconnat, Stéphane Maury, Alain Delaunay, Isabelle Le Jan, Marie-Claude Lesage-Descauses, Franck Brignolas, Anne-Laure Le Gac, Marie Mirouze, Christoph Grunau, Cristian Chaparro, Hervé Cochard, Christian Daviaud, Mamadou Dia Sow, Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures (LBLGC), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Diversité, adaptation, développement des plantes (UMR DIADE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Biologie intégrée pour la valorisation de la diversité des Arbres et de la Forêt (BioForA), Office national des forêts (ONF)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut des Sciences des Plantes de Paris-Saclay (IPS2 (UMR_9213 / UMR_1403)), Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire de Physique et Physiologie Intégratives de l’Arbre en environnement Fluctuant (PIAF), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Amélioration génétique et adaptation des plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales (UMR AGAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Interactions Hôtes-Pathogènes-Environnements (IHPE), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Institut de Biologie François JACOB (JACOB), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Oregon State University (OSU), Ministere de la Recherche et Enseignement Superieur, INRAEPI EFPA-2014, RTP3E CNRS grants for mobility, ANR-17-CE32-0009,EPITREE,Impacts évolutif et fonctionnel de variations épigénétiques chez des arbres forestiers.(2017), ANR-17-EURE-0007,SPS-GSR,Ecole Universitaire de Recherche de Sciences des Plantes de Paris-Saclay(2017), ANR-13-JSV6-0002,EXTRACHROM,Contrôle épigénétique des formes extrachromosomiques des éléments transposables chez les plantes.(2013), ANR-10-LABX-0041,TULIP,Towards a Unified theory of biotic Interactions: the roLe of environmental(2010), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Laboratoire Génome et développement des plantes (LGDP), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Office National des Forêts (ONF)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD), and Ministère de la Recherche et Enseignement SupérieurINRAE PI EFPA-2014RTP3E CNRS grantsIJPB's Plant Observatory technological platformsInfinity English SIRET 82950710200012
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Transposable element, Physiology, Meristem, hormone, drought, Plant Science, Biology, 01 natural sciences, Transcriptome, 03 medical and health sciences, shoot apical meristem, Gene Expression Regulation, Plant, [SDV.BBM.GTP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Genomics [q-bio.GN], mobilome, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Epigenetics, Gene, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, DNA methylation, [INFO.INFO-DB]Computer Science [cs]/Databases [cs.DB], epigenetics, fungi, 15. Life on land, ddm1, Droughts, Chromatin, Cell biology, [SDV.BV.AP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Plant breeding, Populus, Differentially methylated regions, poplar, RNA Interference, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: Trees are long-lived organisms that continuously adapt to their environments, a process in which epigenetic mechanisms are likely to play a key role. Via down regulation of the chromatin remodeler DECREASED IN DNA METHYLATION 1 (DDM1) in poplar (Populus tremula 9 Populus alba) RNAi lines, we examined how DNA methylation coordinates genomic and physiological responses to moderate water deficit.We compared the growth and drought response of two RNAi-ddm1 lines to wild-type (WT) trees under well-watered and water deficit/rewatering conditions, and analyzed their methylomes, transcriptomes, mobilomes and phytohormone contents in the shoot apical meristem. The RNAi-ddm1 lines were more tolerant to drought-induced cavitation but did not differ in height or stem diameter growth. About 5000 differentially methylated regions were consistently detected in both RNAi-ddm1 lines, colocalizing with 910 genes and 89 active transposable elements. Under water deficit conditions, 136 differentially expressed genes were found, including many involved in phytohormone pathways ; changes in phytohormone concentrations were also detected. Finally, the combination of hypomethylation and drought led to the mobility of two transposable elements. Our findings suggest major roles for DNA methylation in regulation of genes involved in hormone-related stress responses, and the maintenance of genome integrity through repression of transposable elements.
Published: 2021

28. Transmission of Schistosomes : Scaling up the competence concept to the ecosystem level

Author: Douchet, Philippe, Senghor, Bruno, Boissier, Jérôme, Rey, Olivier, Interactions Hôtes-Pathogènes-Environnements (IHPE), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Vecteurs - Infections tropicales et méditerranéennes (VITROME), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées [Brétigny-sur-Orge] (IRBA), and World Federation of Parasitologists
Subjects: [SDE]Environmental Sciences
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2022

29. Structural variation turnovers and defective genomes: key drivers for the in vitro evolution of the large double-stranded DNA koi herpesvirus (KHV)

Author: Nurul Novelia Fuandila, Anne-Sophie Gosselin-Grenet, Marie-Ka Tilak, Sven M Bergmann, Jean-Michel Escoubas, Sandro Klafack, Angela Mariana Lusiastuti, Munti Yuhana, Anna-Sophie Fiston-Lavier, Jean-Christophe Avarre, Emira Cherif, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Diversité, Génomes & Interactions Microorganismes - Insectes [Montpellier] (DGIMI), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL), Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics [Lausanne] (SIB), Interactions Hôtes-Pathogènes-Environnements (IHPE), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Friedrich-Loeffer-Institute, Research Institute for Freshwater Aquaculture and Fisheries Extension, Bogor Agricultural University - IPB (INDONESIA), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), and Société Française de BioInformatique (SFBI)
Subjects: [SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE]
Abstract: Structural variations (SVs) constitute a significant source of genetic variability in virusgenomes. Yet knowledge about SV variability and contribution to the evolutionaryprocess in large double-stranded (ds)DNA viruses is limited. Cyprinid herpesvirus 3(CyHV-3), also commonly known as koi herpesvirus (KHV), has the largest dsDNA genomewithin herpesviruses. This virus has become one of the biggest threats to common carpand koi farming, resulting in high morbidity and mortalities of fishes, seriousenvironmental damage, and severe economic losses. A previous study analyzing CyHV-3virulence evolution during serial passages onto carp cell cultures suggested that CyHV-3evolves, at least in vitro, through an assembly of haplotypes that alternatively becomedominant or under-represented. The present study investigates the SV diversity anddynamics in CyHV-3 genome during 99 serial passages in cell culture using, for the firsttime, ultra-deep whole-genome and amplicon-based sequencing. The results indicatethat KHV polymorphism mostly involves SVs. These SVs display a wide distribution alongthe genome and exhibit high turnover dynamics with a clear bias towards inversion anddeletion events. Analysis of the pathogenesis-associated ORF150 region in tenintermediate cell passages highlighted mainly deletion, inversion and insertion variationsthat deeply altered the structure of ORF150. Our findings indicate that SV turnovers anddefective genomes represent key drivers in the viral population dynamics and in vitroevolution of KHV. Thus, the present study can contribute to the basic research needed todesign safe live-attenuated vaccines, classically obtained by viral attenuation after serial passages in cell culture.&nbsp
Published: 2022

30. Frontloading of stress response genes enhances robustness to environmental change in chimeric corals

Author: Jeremie Vidal-Dupiol, Erwan Harscouet, Dor Shefy, Eve Toulza, Olivier Rey, Jean-François Allienne, Guillaume Mitta, Baruch Rinkevich, Interactions Hôtes-Pathogènes-Environnements (IHPE), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Ecosystèmes Insulaires Océaniens (UMR 241) (EIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de la Polynésie Française (UPF)-Institut Louis Malardé [Papeete] (ILM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), and Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research (IOLR)
Subjects: Plasticity/robustness, Plasticity, Physiology, Chimera, [SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], Acclimatization, Cell Biology, Plant Science, robustness, Anthozoa, Environmental change, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Structural Biology, Stress, Physiological, Larva, Corals, Animals, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Transcriptomics, Global change, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Developmental Biology, Biotechnology
Abstract: Background Chimeras are genetically mixed entities resulting from the fusion of two or more conspecifics. This phenomenon is widely distributed in nature and documented in a variety of animal and plant phyla. In corals, chimerism initiates at early ontogenic states (larvae to young spat) and results from the fusion between two or more closely settled conspecifics. When compared to genetically homogenous colonies (non-chimeras), the literature has listed ecological and evolutionary benefits for traits at the chimeric state, further positioning coral chimerism as an evolutionary rescue instrument. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this suggestion remain unknown. Results To address this question, we developed field monitoring and multi-omics approaches to compare the responses of chimeric and non-chimeric colonies acclimated for 1 year at 10-m depth or exposed to a stressful environmental change (translocation from 10- to 2-m depth for 48h). We showed that chimerism in the stony coral Stylophora pistillata is associated with higher survival over a 1-year period. Transcriptomic analyses showed that chimeras lose transcriptomic plasticity and constitutively express at higher level (frontload) genes responsive to stress. This frontloading may prepare the colony to face at any time environmental stresses which explain its higher robustness. Conclusions These results show that chimeras are environmentally robust entities with an enhanced ability to cope with environmental stress. Results further document the potential usefulness of chimeras as a novel reef restoration tool to enhance coral adaptability to environmental change, and confirm that coral chimerism can be an evolutionary rescue instrument.
Published: 2022

31. Temperature-induced masculinisation of Nile tilapia: effects seen in the adult gonad

Author: d'Cotta, H., Sissao, R., Rebordinos, L., Grunau, Christoph, Belkhir, K., Chaparro, Cristian, Toguyeni, A., Baroiller, J.F., Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Département Performances des systèmes de production et de transformation tropicaux (Cirad-PERSYST), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Laboratorio de Genética, Universidad Complutense de Madrid = Complutense University of Madrid [Madrid] (UCM), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD), Interactions Hôtes-Pathogènes-Environnements (IHPE), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Centre de Recherche en Informatique, Signal et Automatique de Lille - UMR 9189 (CRIStAL), Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centrale Lille, and American Fisheries Society
Subjects: [SDE]Environmental Sciences
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2022

32. Early life microbial exposures shape the Crassostrea gigas immune system for lifelong and intergenerational disease protection

Author: Manon Fallet, Caroline Montagnani, Bruno Petton, Luc Dantan, Julien de Lorgeril, Sébastien Comarmond, Cristian Chaparro, Eve Toulza, Simon Boitard, Jean-Michel Escoubas, Agnès Vergnes, Jacqueline Le Grand, Ingo Bulla, Yannick Gueguen, Jérémie Vidal-Dupiol, Christoph Grunau, Guillaume Mitta, Céline Cosseau, Interactions Hôtes-Pathogènes-Environnements (IHPE), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecologie marine tropicale dans les Océans Pacifique et Indien (ENTROPIE [Réunion]), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (UMR CBGP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Ecosystèmes Insulaires Océaniens (UMR 241) (EIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de la Polynésie Française (UPF)-Institut Louis Malardé [Papeete] (ILM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Laboratoire d'Excellence CORAIL (LabEX CORAIL), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université de la Polynésie Française (UPF)-Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie (UNC)-Institut d'écologie et environnement-Université des Antilles (UA), The present study was supported by the ANR project DECIPHER (ANR-14-CE19-0023), by the 'Chercheur d’Avenir' project TRANSGIGAS (Region Languedoc Roussillon), by the EU funded project VIVALDI (H2020 program, n°678589) and by Ifremer, CNRS, Université de Montpellier and Université de Perpignan Via Domitia. With the support of LabEx CeMEB, an ANR 'Investissements d’Avenir 'Laboratoires d'Excellences' program through the Environmental Epigenomics Platform (ANR-10-LABX-0004) and LabEx TULIP (ANR‐10‐LABX‐0041)., ANR-10-LABX-0004,CeMEB,Mediterranean Center for Environment and Biodiversity(2010), ANR-10-LABX-0041,TULIP,Towards a Unified theory of biotic Interactions: the roLe of environmental(2010), ANR-14-CE19-0023,DECIPHER,Déchiffrage des maladies multifactorielles: cas des mortalités de l'huître(2014), and European Project: 678589,H2020,H2020-SFS-2015-2,VIVALDI(2016)
Subjects: Microbiology (medical), animal structures, DNA methylation, Oyster, Innate immune shaping, Microbiota, Epigenetic, Aquaculture, Microbiology, [SDV.IMM.II]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology/Innate immunity, [SDV.BA.ZI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Invertebrate Zoology, Immune System, [SDV.BBM.GTP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Genomics [q-bio.GN], Animals, bacteria, Crassostrea, Transcriptome
Abstract: Background The interaction of organisms with their surrounding microbial communities influences many biological processes, a notable example of which is the shaping of the immune system in early life. In the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas, the role of the environmental microbial community on immune system maturation — and, importantly, protection from infectious disease — is still an open question. Results Here, we demonstrate that early life microbial exposure durably improves oyster survival when challenged with the pathogen causing Pacific oyster mortality syndrome (POMS), both in the exposed generation and in the subsequent one. Combining microbiota, transcriptomic, genetic, and epigenetic analyses, we show that the microbial exposure induced changes in epigenetic marks and a reprogramming of immune gene expression leading to long-term and intergenerational immune protection against POMS. Conclusions We anticipate that this protection likely extends to additional pathogens and may prove to be an important new strategy for safeguarding oyster aquaculture efforts from infectious disease. tag the videobyte/videoabstract in this section
Published: 2022

33. Gene expression plasticity, genetic variation and fatty acid remodelling in divergent populations of a tropical bivalve species

Author: Jérémy Le Luyer, Cristian J. Monaco, Léo Milhade, Céline Reisser, Claude Soyez, Hirohiti Raapoto, Corinne Belliard, Gilles Le Moullac, Chin‐Long Ky, Fabrice Pernet, Ecosystèmes Insulaires Océaniens (UMR 241) (EIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de la Polynésie Française (UPF)-Institut Louis Malardé [Papeete] (ILM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation (UMR MARBEC), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Interactions Hôtes-Pathogènes-Environnements (IHPE), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [SDV.GEN.GPO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], Physiology, Acclimatization, Climate Change, Fatty Acids, Temperature, Gene Expression, Genetic Variation, acclimation, RNAseq, Bivalvia, fatty acids remodelling, [SDV.BA.ZI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Invertebrate Zoology, [SDV.GEN.GA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Animal genetics, Fatty acids remodelling, physiology, Animals, Animal Science and Zoology, Genetic divergence, [SDV.EE.BIO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Bioclimatology, Acclimation, thermal plasticity, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, genetic divergence
Abstract: Ocean warming challenges marine organisms' resilience, especially for species experiencing temperatures close to their upper thermal limits. A potential increase in thermal tolerance might significantly reduce the risk of population decline, which is intrinsically linked to variability in local habitat temperatures. Our goal was to assess the plastic and genetic potential of response to elevated temperatures in a tropical bivalve model, Pinctada margaritifera. We benefit from two ecotypes for which local environmental conditions are characterized by either large diurnal variations in the tide pools (Marquesas archipelago) or low mean temperature with stable to moderate seasonal variations (Gambier archipelago). We explored the physiological basis of individual responses to elevated temperature, genetic divergence as well as plasticity and acclimation by combining lipidomic and transcriptomic approaches. We show that P. margaritifera has certain capacities to adjust to long-term elevated temperatures that was thus far largely underestimated. Genetic variation across populations overlaps with gene expression and involves the mitochondrial respiration machinery, a central physiological process that contributes to species thermal sensitivity and their distribution ranges. Our results present evidence for acclimation potential in P. margaritifera and urge for longer term studies to assess populations resilience in the face of climate change.Le réchauffement des océans remet en question la résilience des organismes marins, en particulier pour les espèces connaissant des températures proches de leurs limites thermiques supérieures. Une augmentation potentielle de la tolérance thermique pourrait ainsi réduire considérablement le risque de déclin de la population. L'objectif de cette étude était d'évaluer le potentiel plastique et génétique de la réponse à l'exposition courte et chronique à températures élevées chez une espèce de bivalve tropical, Pinctada margaritifera. Ce modèle bénéficie de l'existence de deux écotypes pour lesquels les conditions environnementales locales sont caractérisées soit par de fortes variations diurnes associées aux marées (archipel des Marquises) soit par une température moyenne plus basse et des variations saisonnières prononcées (archipel des Gambier). Nous avons exploré les bases physiologiques des réponses individuelles ainsi que la divergence génétique et quantifié la plasticité en combinant des approches lipidomique et transcriptomique. Nous montrons que P. margaritifera possède des capacités d'acclimatation à des températures élevées sur le long terme jusqu'à présent largement sous-estimées. La divergence génétique entre populations est par ailleurs associée à des différences d'expression des gènes et implique la machinerie respiratoire mitochondriale, un processus physiologique central qui contribue à la sensibilité thermique des espèces et à leurs répartitions. Nos résultats présentent les bases des potentiels d'acclimatation chez P. margaritifera et soulignent l'importance d'études à plus long terme pour évaluer la résilience des populations face au changement climatique.
Published: 2022

34. Mating Interactions between Schistosoma bovis and S. mansoni and Compatibility of Their F1 Progeny with Biomphalaria glabrata and Bulinus truncatus

Author: Amos Mathias Onyekwere, Alejandra De Elias-Escribano, Julien Kincaid-Smith, Sarah Dametto, Jean-François Allienne, Anne Rognon, Maria Dolores Bargues, Jérôme Boissier, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu-Alike, Ikwo (AE-FUNAI), Interactions Hôtes-Pathogènes-Environnements (IHPE), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Departamento de Parasitologia, Universitat de València (UV)-Facultad de farmacia, Facultad de Farmacia, Universitat de València (UV), CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (UMR CBGP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Montpellier (UM), This research was funded by Campus France, France and Tertiary Education Trust Fund (TETfund), Nigeria and was supported by the program HySWARM (ANR-18-CE35-0001) from the French Research National Agency respectively awarded to J.B. and A.M.O. is funded by Campus France. M.D.B. and A.D.E.-E. were funded by the Red de Investigacion de Centros de Enfermedades Tropicales-RICET (RD16/0027/0023) of the PN de I+D+I, ISCIII-Subdireccion General de Redes y Centros de Investigacion Cooperativa RETICS, Ministry of Health and Consumption, Madrid, by CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CB21/13/00056), ISCIII, Ministry of Science and Education, Madrid, Spain, by the PROMETEO Program, Programa de Ayudas para Grupos de Investigacion de Excelencia (2021/004), Generalitat Valenciana, Valencia, Spain and by BEFPI/2021/019. This study is set within the framework of the 'Laboratoires d'Excellence (LABEX)' TULIP (ANR-10-LABX-0041)., ANR-18-CE35-0001,HySWARM,Hybrid Swarm: rôle de l'hybridation dans les capacités invasives, l'épidémiologie et le diagnostic de la schistosomiase(2018), and ANR-10-LABX-0041,TULIP,Towards a Unified theory of biotic Interactions: the roLe of environmental(2010)
Subjects: Microbiology (medical), mating interactions, [SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], fungi, Schistosoma mansoni, compatibility, Microbiology, Biomphalaria glabrata, Schistosoma bovis, F1 progeny, Bulinus truncatus, [SDV.BDLR.RS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Reproductive Biology/Sexual reproduction, Virology, parasitic diseases, [SDV.MP.PAR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology
Abstract: Contrary to the majority of other Trematoda, Schistosoma species are gonochoric. Consequently, in endemic areas where several schistosome species overlap and can co-infect the same definitive host, there may be frequent opportunities for interspecific pairing. Our experimental study provides novel insight on the pairing behavior between Schistosoma bovis and S. mansoni in mixed infections in mice. We used six mate choice experiments to assess mating interactions between the two schistosome species. We show that mating between the two Schistosoma species is not random and that S. mansoni exhibits greater mate recognition compared to S. bovis. We also performed reciprocal crosses (male S. mansoni × female S. bovis) and (female S. mansoni × male S. bovis) that produce active swimming miracidia. These miracidia were genotyped by ITS2 sequencing and proposed for mollusc infection. Molecular analyses show that all the miracidia are parthenogenetically produced (i.e., their harbor the mother ITS2 genotype) and as a consequence can only infect the mollusc of the maternal species. Offspring produced by male S. mansoni × female S. bovis pairing can only infect Bulinus truncatus whereas offspring produced by female S. mansoni × male S. bovis can only infect Biomphalaria glabrata snails. Evolutionary and epidemiological consequences are discussed.
Published: 2022

35. The Active Microbiota of the Eggs and the Nauplii of the Pacific Blue Shrimp Litopenaeus stylirostris Partially Shaped by a Potential Vertical Transmission

Author: Carolane Giraud, Nolwenn Callac, Viviane Boulo, Jean-Sébastien Lam, Dominique Pham, Nazha Selmaoui-Folcher, Nelly Wabete, Ecologie marine tropicale des océans Pacifique et Indien (ENTROPIE [Nouvelle-Calédonie]), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [Nouvelle-Calédonie])-Ifremer - Nouvelle-Calédonie, Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie (UNC), Institut de sciences exactes et appliquées (ISEA), Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie (UNC), Interactions Hôtes-Pathogènes-Environnements (IHPE), and Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)
Subjects: Microbiology (medical), microbial colonization, core microbiota, Eggs, Microbiology, [SDV.BA.ZI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Invertebrate Zoology, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, shrimps, eggs, Vertical transmission, vertical transmission, active microbiota, nauplii, [SDV.EE.IEO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Symbiosis
Abstract: The many ecological niches present in an organism harbor distinct microorganisms called microbiota. Different factors can influence the establishment of these commensal microbial communities. In a previous article, we have concluded that some bacterial lineages associated with the early larval stages of the Pacific blue shrimp Litopenaeus stylirostris could be acquired from the breeders via a potential vertical transmission. The present study was conducted in order to investigate this hypothesis. Using HiSeq sequencing of the V4 region of 16S rRNA gene, we analyzed the active microbiota associated with the eggs and the nauplii of L. stylirsotris as well as with the reproductive organs of their breeders. Microbial communities associated with the rearing water were also considered to discriminate environmental microbial lineages. Using these analyses, we highlight a set of core bacterial families present in all samples and composed of members of Colwelliaceae, Alteromonadaceae, Pseudoalteromonadaceae, Saccharospirillaceae, Oceanospirillaceae, Vibrionaceae, Burkholderiaceae, Rhodobacteraceae, Flavobacteraceae, and Corynebacteriaceae; showing the importance of the environment in the establishment of the larval microbiota. We also present specific bacteria affiliated to the Arcobacteraceae, Rhodobacteraceae, Comamonadaceae, and Colwelliaceae families, which were only found in the breeders and their offspring strengthening the hypothesis of a potential vertical transmission shaping the active microbiota of the eggs and the nauplii of L. stylirostris.
Published: 2022

36. Make visible the invisible: Optimized development of an environmental DNA metabarcoding tool for the characterization of trematode parasitic communities

Author: Philippe Douchet, Jérôme Boissier, Stephen Mulero, Hubert Ferté, Margot Doberva, Jean‐François Allienne, Eve Toulza, Kévin Bethune, Olivier Rey, Interactions Hôtes-Pathogènes-Environnements (IHPE), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA ), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Epidémiosurveillance de protozooses à transmission alimentaire et vectorielle (ESCAPE), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), Plateforme technologique BioEnvironnement, Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0303 health sciences, cryptic diversity, Ecology, [SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], parasites, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, biodiversity assessment, 03 medical and health sciences, water-sediment interface, metabarcoding, Genetics, 14. Life underwater, Trematoda, freshwater, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, parastes, 030304 developmental biology
Abstract: International audience; The world's parasitic and mutualistic biodiversity is undergoing major upheavals related to modifications in host community structures, changes in interactions between species, and through coextinction events. Trematodes are an important component of this invisible biodiversity, in terms of species richness, but also because of their role in ecosystems functioning and in the emergence of associated diseases. Together, these elements point to the need for a better assessment and understanding of the structure and dynamics of trematode diversity. In this context, our aim was to develop an optimized eDNA-based metabarcoding approach to detect trematodes and characterizetheir communities, most of which associated to aquatic environments. The efficiency of this newly developed tool was first assessed by exhaustive in silico and in vitro validation steps. We next assessed the ability of our eDNA-based approach to reconstruct trematode communities compared to a classical trematode monitoring method over four freshwater aquatic ecosystems. Our eDNA-based monitoring tool displayed a high amplification enrichment of trematode DNA, a 100% detection score for tracking back an in vitro mock community composed of 28 trematode species, and high genetic resolution which makes it relevant to discriminate between even phylogenetically close trematode species. Over the four natural ecosystems screened in natura, 33 OTUs were generated from the eDNA-based approach, from which 11 trematode species were identified. In comparison, we identified fivetrematode species using the classical monitoring method, three of which were also detected by the eDNA-based approach. We believe that this new eDNA-based metabarcoding tool will open new perspectives for fundamental and applied research in community ecology, conservation, and healthsurvey.
Published: 2022

37. Automated ChIPmentation procedure on limited biological material of the human blood fluke Schistosoma mansoni

Author: Chrystelle Lasica, Hélène Moné, Cristian Chaparro, Christoph Grunau, Agnieszka Zelisko-Schmidt, Ronaldo de Carvalho Augusto, Gabriel Mouahid, Anne-Clémence Veillard, Interactions Hôtes-Pathogènes-Environnements (IHPE), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Laboratoire de biologie et modélisation de la cellule (LBMC UMR 5239), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), diagenode, Modat, Anne, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), and École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL)
Subjects: 0303 health sciences, limited biological material, biology, Human blood, library input, 030231 tropical medicine, ChIPmentation, Medicine (miscellaneous), Computational biology, Schistosoma mansoni, biology.organism_classification, Biological materials, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, ChIP-seq, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Human parasite, [SDV.MP.PAR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, Chromatin immunoprecipitation, [SDV.MP.PAR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, 030304 developmental biology, N-ChIP
Abstract: In living cells, the genetic information stored in the DNA sequence is always associated with chromosomal and extra-chromosomal epigenetic information. Chromatin is formed by the DNA and associated proteins, in particular histones. Covalent histone modifications are important bearers of epigenetic information and as such have been increasingly studied since about the year 2000. One of the principal techniques to gather information about the association between DNA and modified histones is chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), also combined with massive sequencing (ChIP-Seq). Automated ChIPmentation procedure is a convenient alternative to native chromatin immunoprecipitation (N-ChIP). It is now routinely used for ChIP-Seq in many model species, using in general roughly 106 cells per experiment. Such high cell numbers are sometimes difficult to produce. Using the human parasite Schistosoma mansoni, whose production requires sacrificing animals and should therefore be kept to a minimum, we show here that automated ChIPmentation is suitable for limited biological material. We define the operational limit as ≥20,000 Schistosoma cells. We also present a streamlined protocol for the preparation of ChIP input libraries.
Published: 2022

38. Seaweeds influence oyster microbiota and disease susceptibility

Author: Petton Bruno, Yannick Gueguen, Elyne Dugény, Fabrice Pernet, Eve Toulza, De Lorgeril Julien, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Interactions Hôtes-Pathogènes-Environnements (IHPE), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), and European Project: 678589,H2020,H2020-SFS-2015-2,VIVALDI(2016)
Subjects: macroalgae, Microbiota, [SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], fungi, food and beverages, microbiome, Seaweed, bivalve, disease ecology, Animals, Animal Science and Zoology, Seawater, epidemiology, Disease Susceptibility, Crassostrea, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, pathogen
Abstract: International audience; 1-A growing awareness of role that microbiota can play in mediating the effects of pathogens on hosts has given rise to the concept of the pathobiome. Recently, we demonstrated that the Pacific oyster mortality syndrome affecting Crassostrea gigas oysters is caused by infection with the Ostreid herpesvirus type 1 (OsHV-1) followed by infection with multiple bacterial taxa. 2-Here we extend the concept of this pathobiome beyond the host species and its bacterial microbiota by investigating how seaweed living in association with oysters influences their response to the disease. We hypothesized that by their mere presence in the environment, different species of seaweeds can positively or negatively influence the risk of disease in oysters by shaping their bacterial microbiota and their immune response. Although seaweed and oysters do not have direct ecological interactions, they are connected by seawater and likely share microbes. 3-To test our hypothesis, oysters were acclimated with green, brown or red algae for 2 weeks and then challenged with OsHV-1. We monitored host survival and pathogen proliferation and performed bacterial microbiota and transcriptome analyses. 4-We found that seaweeds can alter the bacterial microbiota of the host and its response to the disease. More particularly, green algae belonging to the genus Ulva spp. induced bacterial microbiota dysbiosis in oyster and modification of its transcriptional immune response leading to increased susceptibility to the disease. 5-This work provides a better understanding of a marine disease and highlights the importance of considering both macrobiotic and microbiotic interactions for conservation, management and exploitation of marine ecosystems and resources.
Published: 2022

39. Transcriptomic Adjustments in a Freshwater Ectoparasite Reveal the Role of Molecular Plasticity for Parasite Host Shift

Author: Eglantine Mathieu-Bégné, Simon Blanchet, Guillaume Mitta, Clément Le Potier, Géraldine Loot, Olivier Rey, Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale (SETE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Fédération de Recherche Agrobiosciences, Interactions et Biodiversité (FR AIB), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Interactions Hôtes-Pathogènes-Environnements (IHPE), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Ecosystèmes Insulaires Océaniens (UMR 241) (EIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de la Polynésie Française (UPF)-Institut Louis Malardé [Papeete] (ILM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), and ANR-11-JSV7-0010,INCLIMPAR,Les effets du changement climatique sur les parasites : une étude prédictive intégrée(2011)
Subjects: Fresh Water, rapid adaptation, host shift, plasticity, gene expression, parasite specificity, emerging parasites, Host-Parasite Interactions, Fish Diseases, [SDV.BBM.GTP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Genomics [q-bio.GN], Genetics, Animals, [SDV.MP.PAR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, Parasites, Transcriptome, Genetics (clinical), [SDV.EE.IEO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Symbiosis
Abstract: International audience; A parasite’s lifestyle is characterized by a critical dependency on its host for feeding, shelter and/or reproduction. The ability of parasites to exploit new host species can reduce the risk associated with host dependency. The number of host species that can be infected by parasites strongly affects their ecological and evolutionary dynamics along with their pathogenic effects on host communities. However, little is known about the processes and the pathways permitting parasites to successfully infect alternative host species, a process known as host shift. Here, we tested whether molecular plasticity changes in gene expression and in molecular pathways could favor host shift in parasites. Focusing on an invasive parasite, Tracheliastes polycolpus, infecting freshwater fish, we conducted a transcriptomic study to compare gene expression in parasites infecting their main host species and two alternative host species. We found 120 significant differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between parasites infecting the different host species. A total of 90% of the DEGs were identified between parasites using the main host species and those using the two alternative host species. Only a few significant DEGs (seven) were identified when comparing parasites from the two alternative host species. Molecular pathways enriched in DEGs and associated with the use of alternative host species were related to cellular machinery, energetic metabolism, muscle activity and oxidative stress. This study strongly suggests that molecular plasticity is an important mechanism sustaining the parasite’s ability to infect alternative hosts.
Published: 2022
Full Text: View/download PDF

40. Spatial epidemiological modelling of infection by Vibrio aestuarianus shows that connectivity and temperature control oyster mortality

Author: LUPO, Coralie, Dutta, Bhagat Lal, Petton, Sébastien, Ezanno, Pauline, Tourbiez, Delphine, Travers, Marie-Agnès, Pernet, Fabrice, Bacher, Cédric, Santé, Génétique et Microbiologie des Mollusques (IFREMER SG2M), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - Atlantique (IFREMER Atlantique), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Biologie, Epidémiologie et analyse de risque en Santé Animale (BIOEPAR), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Interactions Hôtes-Pathogènes-Environnements (IHPE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD), Dynamiques de l'Environnement Côtier (DYNECO), ANR-12-AGRO-0001,GIGASSAT,Adaptation des écosystèmes ostréicoles au changement global(2012), ANR-15-CE35-0004,ENVICOPAS,Impact des changements environnementaux sur les organismes pathogènes dans les écosystèmes côtiers(2015), Laboratoire de Génétique et Pathologie des Mollusques Marins (LGPMM), Santé, Génétique et Microbiologie des Mollusques (SGMM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École nationale vétérinaire, agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), and Dynamiques des Écosystèmes Côtiers (DYNECO)
Subjects: Ecology, [SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], Oyster disease, Crassostrea gigas, Hydrodynamics, Vibrio aestuarianus, Aquaculture. Fisheries. Angling, food and beverages, SH1-691, Sensitivity analysis, Basic reproduction number, QH540-549.5
Abstract: International audience; Vibrio aestuarianus infection in oyster populations causes massive mortality, resulting in losses for oyster farmers. Such dynamics result from host-pathogen interactions and contagion through water-borne transmission. To assess the spatiotemporal spread of V. aestuarianus infection and associated oyster mortality at a bay scale, we built a mathematical model informed by experimental infection data at 2 temperatures and spatially dependent marine connectivity of oyster farms. We applied the model to a real system and tested the importance of each factor using a number of modelling scenarios. Results suggest that introducing V. aestuarianus in a fully susceptible adult oyster population in the bay would lead to the mortality of all farmed oysters over 6 to 12 mo, depending on the location in which infection was initiated. The effect of temperature was captured by the basic reproduction number (R0), which was >1 at high seawater temperatures, as opposed to values
Published: 2020

41. Oyster hemolymph is a complex and dynamic ecosystem hosting bacteria, protists and viruses

Author: Yannick Gueguen, J. de Lorgeril, Samuel Dupont, C. Salmeron, G. Tanguy, Caroline Montagnani, J.Y. Bou Khalil, Jean-Christophe Auguet, Jean-Michel Escoubas, Bruno Petton, B. La Scola, Eve Toulza, A. Lokmer, Christelle Desnues, Guillaume Mitta, David Pecqueur, Erwan Corre, Laure Guillou, Interactions Hôtes-Pathogènes-Environnements (IHPE), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), Éco-Anthropologie (EA), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ABiMS - Informatique et bioinformatique = Analysis and Bioinformatics for Marine Science (ABIMS), Fédération de recherche de Roscoff (FR2424), Station biologique de Roscoff (SBR), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Station biologique de Roscoff (SBR), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation (UMR MARBEC), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Observatoire océanologique de Banyuls (OOB), Adaptation et diversité en milieu marin (ADMM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Station biologique de Roscoff (SBR), ECOlogy of MArine Plankton (ECOMAP), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Station biologique de Roscoff (SBR), Microbes évolution phylogénie et infections (MEPHI), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Hospitalier Universitaire Méditerranée Infection (IHU Marseille), The present study was supported by: the DHOF program of the UMR5244/IHPE (http://ihpe.univ-perp.fr/en/ihpe-transversal-holobiont/), the Ifremer project HémoMicrobiote, EMBRC-France, whose French state funds are managed by the ANR within the Investments of the Future (ANR-10-INBS-02), the ANR projects DECIPHER (ANR-14-CE19–0023) and ENVICOPAS (ANR-15-CE35–0004), the EU funded project VIVALDI (H2020 program, n°678589), by Ifremer, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Université de Perpignan via Domitia, by the IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France, by the French Government under the «Investissements d’avenir» program (reference: Méditerranée Infection 10-IAHU-03) and by the Région Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur and by the European funding FEDER PRIMI. This study is set within the framework of the 'Laboratoires d’Excellences (LABEX)' TULIP (ANR-10-LABX-41)., ANR-10-INBS-0002,EMBRC-France,CENTRE NATIONAL DE RESSOURCES BIOLOGIQUES MARINES(2010), ANR-14-CE19-0023,DECIPHER,Déchiffrage des maladies multifactorielles: cas des mortalités de l'huître(2014), ANR-15-CE35-0004,ENVICOPAS,Impact des changements environnementaux sur les organismes pathogènes dans les écosystèmes côtiers(2015), ANR-11-IDEX-0002,UNITI,Université Fédérale de Toulouse(2011), European Project: 678589,H2020,H2020-SFS-2015-2,VIVALDI(2016), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD), Éco-Anthropologie (EAE), ABiMS - Informatique et bioinformatique = Analysis and Bioinformatics for Marine Science (FR2424), Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO), Adaptation et diversité en milieu marin (AD2M), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Station biologique de Roscoff (SBR), Institut d’Électronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie (IEMN) - UMR 8520 (IEMN), Ecole Centrale de Lille-Institut supérieur de l'électronique et du numérique (ISEN)-Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambrésis (UVHC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF), Laboratoire Bordelais de Recherche en Informatique (LaBRI), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Électronique, Informatique et Radiocommunications de Bordeaux (ENSEIRB)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2, Institut Hospitalier Universitaire Méditerranée Infection (IHU AMU), Génome, populations, interactions, adaptation (GPIA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2), Parasitologie fonctionnelle et évolutive (PFE), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Radiopathologie et Thérapies Expérimentales [IRSN, Fontenay-aux-Roses] (PRP-HOM - SRBE), Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Station biologique de Roscoff (SBR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Oyster, animal structures, Early-life microbiota, lcsh:QR1-502, Zoology, medicine.disease_cause, Within-host ecosystem, lcsh:Microbiology, 03 medical and health sciences, biology.animal, medicine, Trans-kingdom interactions, Human virome, Microbiome, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 030304 developmental biology, Ecological niche, 0303 health sciences, lcsh:Veterinary medicine, biology, 030306 microbiology, Host (biology), Oyster genetic background, [SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], fungi, Protist, General Medicine, Pacific oyster, biology.organism_classification, Transplantation, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, Crassostrea gigas, lcsh:SF600-1100, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Acln, Hemolymph microbiota dynamics, Research Article
Abstract: Background The impact of the microbiota on host fitness has so far mainly been demonstrated for the bacterial microbiome. We know much less about host-associated protist and viral communities, largely due to technical issues. However, all microorganisms within a microbiome potentially interact with each other as well as with the host and the environment, therefore likely affecting the host health. Results We set out to explore how environmental and host factors shape the composition and diversity of bacterial, protist and viral microbial communities in the Pacific oyster hemolymph, both in health and disease. To do so, five oyster families differing in susceptibility to the Pacific oyster mortality syndrome were reared in hatchery and transplanted into a natural environment either before or during a disease outbreak. Using metabarcoding and shotgun metagenomics, we demonstrate that hemolymph can be considered as an ecological niche hosting bacterial, protist and viral communities, each of them shaped by different factors and distinct from the corresponding communities in the surrounding seawater. Overall, we found that hemolymph microbiota is more strongly shaped by the environment than by host genetic background. Co-occurrence network analyses suggest a disruption of the microbial network after transplantation into natural environment during both non-infectious and infectious periods. Whereas we could not identify a common microbial community signature for healthy animals, OsHV-1 μVar virus dominated the hemolymph virome during the disease outbreak, without significant modifications of other microbiota components. Conclusion Our study shows that oyster hemolymph is a complex ecosystem containing diverse bacteria, protists and viruses, whose composition and dynamics are primarily determined by the environment. However, all of these are also shaped by oyster genetic backgrounds, indicating they indeed interact with the oyster host and are therefore not only of transient character. Although it seems that the three microbiome components respond independently to environmental conditions, better characterization of hemolymph-associated viruses could change this picture.
Published: 2020

42. Differential basal expression of immune genes confers Crassostrea gigas resistance to Pacific oyster mortality syndrome

Author: Jean-Michel Escoubas, Philippe Haffner, Bruno Petton, Franck Lagarde, Yannick Gueguen, Aude Lucasson, Valérie Perez, Pierre-Louis Stenger, Jean-François Allienne, Caroline Montagnani, Julien de Lorgeril, M. Leroy, Guillaume Mitta, Jeremie Vidal-Dupiol, Lionel Degremont, Interactions Hôtes-Pathogènes-Environnements (IHPE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD), Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - Brest (IFREMER Centre de Bretagne), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Ecosystèmes Insulaires Océaniens (UMR 241) (EIO), Université de la Polynésie Française (UPF)-Institut Louis Malardé [Papeete] (ILM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Laboratoire de Génétique et Pathologie des Mollusques Marins, 17390 La Tremblade, France. (LGPMM), Santé, Génétique et Microbiologie des Mollusques (IFREMER SG2M), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - Atlantique (IFREMER Atlantique), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - Atlantique (IFREMER Atlantique), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation (UMR MARBEC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), The present study was supported by the ANR project DECIPHER (ANR-14-CE19–0023), by the ANR project DECICOMP and by Ifremer, CNRS, Université de Montpellier and Université de Perpignan via Domitia., ANR-14-CE19-0023,DECIPHER,Déchiffrage des maladies multifactorielles: cas des mortalités de l'huître(2014), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de la Polynésie Française (UPF)-Institut Louis Malardé [Papeete] (ILM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Laboratoire de Génétique et Pathologie des Mollusques Marins (LGPMM), Santé, Génétique et Microbiologie des Mollusques (SGMM), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Oyster, animal structures, Invertebrate immunity, lcsh:QH426-470, lcsh:Biotechnology, Resistance, Transcriptome, 03 medical and health sciences, Antiviral molecular pathways, Stress, Physiological, biology.animal, lcsh:TP248.13-248.65, Genotype, Genetics, Animals, Pacific oyster, RNA-Seq, 14. Life underwater, Crassostrea, Gene, Panzootic, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, biology, OsHV-1, Acl, [SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], Oyster disease, food and beverages, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, biology.organism_classification, Phenotype, lcsh:Genetics, Genes, 040102 fisheries, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Biotechnology, Research Article
Abstract: Background As a major threat to the oyster industry, Pacific Oyster Mortality Syndrome (POMS) is a polymicrobial disease affecting the main oyster species farmed across the world. POMS affects oyster juveniles and became panzootic this last decade, but POMS resistance in some oyster genotypes has emerged. While we know some genetic loci associated with resistance, the underlying mechanisms remained uncharacterized. So, we developed a comparative transcriptomic approach using basal gene expression profiles between different oyster biparental families with contrasted phenotypes when confronted to POMS (resistant or susceptible). Results We showed that POMS resistant oysters show differential expression of genes involved in stress responses, protein modifications, maintenance of DNA integrity and repair, and immune and antiviral pathways. We found similarities and clear differences among different molecular pathways in the different resistant families. These results suggest that the resistance process is polygenic and partially varies according to the oyster genotype. Conclusions We found differences in basal expression levels of genes related to TLR-NFκB, JAK-STAT and STING-RLR pathways. These differences could explain the best antiviral response, as well as the robustness of resistant oysters when confronted to POMS. As some of these genes represent valuable candidates for selective breeding, we propose future studies should further examine their function.
Published: 2020

43. Early life microbial exposures shape the Crassostrea gigas immune system for lifelong and intergenerational disease protection

Author: Fallet, Manon, Montagnani, C., Petton, Bruno, de Lorgeril, Julien, Comarmond, Sébastien, Chaparro, Cristian, Toulza, Eve, Boitard, Simon, Escoubas, Jean-Michel, Vergnes, Agnès, Le Grand, Jacqueline, Bulla, Ingo, Gueguen, Yannick, Vidal-Dupiol, Jérémie, Grunau, Christoph, Mitta, Guillaume, Cosseau, Céline, Interactions Hôtes-Pathogènes-Environnements (IHPE), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecologie marine tropicale dans les Océans Pacifique et Indien (ENTROPIE [Réunion]), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (UMR CBGP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), The present study was supported by the ANR project DECIPHER (ANR-14-CE19-0023), by the 'Chercheur d’Avenir' project TRANSGIGAS (Region Languedoc Roussillon), by the EU funded project VIVALDI (H2020 program, n°678589) and by Ifremer, CNRS, Université de Montpellier and Université de Perpignan Via Domitia. With the support of LabEx CeMEB, an ANR 'Investissements d’Avenir 'Laboratoires d'Excellences' program through the Environmental Epigenomics Platform (ANR-10-LABX-0004) and LabEx TULIP (ANR‐10‐LABX‐0041)., ANR-10-LABX-0004,CeMEB,Mediterranean Center for Environment and Biodiversity(2010), ANR-10-LABX-0041,TULIP,Towards a Unified theory of biotic Interactions: the roLe of environmental(2010), and European Project: 678589,H2020,H2020-SFS-2015-2,VIVALDI(2016)
Subjects: oyster, DNA methylation, animal structures, aquaculture, innate immune shaping, [SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], microbiota, bacteria, epigenetic
Abstract: Background The interaction of organisms with their surrounding microbial communities influences many biological processes, a notable example of which is the shaping of the immune system in early life. In the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas, the role of the environmental microbial community on immune system maturation – and, importantly, protection from infectious disease – is still an open question. Results Here, we demonstrate that early life microbial exposure durably improves oyster survival when challenged with the pathogen causing Pacific Oyster Mortality Syndrome (POMS), both in the exposed generation and in the subsequent one. Combining microbiota, transcriptomic, genetic, and epigenetic analyses, we show that the microbial exposure induced changes in epigenetic marks and a reprogramming of immune gene expression leading to long-term and intergenerational immune protection against POMS. Conclusions We anticipate that this protection likely extends to additional pathogens and may prove to be an important new strategy for safeguarding oyster aquaculture efforts from infectious disease.
Published: 2022

44. Getting out of crises: Environmental, social-ecological and evolutionary research is needed to avoid future risks of pandemics

Author: Destoumieux-Garzón, Delphine, Matthies-Wiesler, Franziska, Bierne, Nicolas, Binot, Aurélie, Boissier, Jérôme, Devouge, Anaïs, Garric, Jeanne, Gruetzmacher, Kim, Grunau, Christoph, Guégan, Jean-François, Hurtrez-Boussès, Sylvie, Huss, Anke, Morand, Serge, Palmer, Clare, Sarigiannis, Denis, Vermeulen, Roel, Barouki, Robert, IRAS OH Epidemiology Chemical Agents, dIRAS RA-2, Interactions Hôtes-Pathogènes-Environnements (IHPE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD), Helmholtz-Zentrum München (HZM), Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226, Animal, Santé, Territoires, Risques et Ecosystèmes (UMR ASTRE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Département Systèmes Biologiques (Cirad-BIOS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Toxicité environnementale, cibles thérapeutiques, signalisation cellulaire (T3S - UMR_S 1124), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Riverly (Riverly), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Museum für Naturkunde [Berlin], Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Universiteit Utrecht, Texas A&M University [College Station], Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Istituto Universitario di Studi Superiori (IUSS), European Commission : 825417, Laboratoires d'Excellence (LABEX) : ANR-10-LABX-41, National Institutes of Health-National Science Foundation Ecology of Infectious Disease Program Grant : NSF-1911457, IRD, INRAE, French School of Public Health (EHESP), University of Montpellier, Thailand International Cooperation Agency (TICA) project 'Animal Innovative Health', ANR-10-LABX-0041,TULIP,Towards a Unified theory of biotic Interactions: the roLe of environmental(2010), ANR-17-CE35-0003,FutureHealthSEA,Scénarios de la santé en Asie du Sud-Est: changements d'utilisation des terres, changement climatique et maladies infectieuses(2017), Morand, Serge, Towards a Unified theory of biotic Interactions: the roLe of environmental - - TULIP2010 - ANR-10-LABX-0041 - LABX - VALID, Scénarios de la santé en Asie du Sud-Est: changements d'utilisation des terres, changement climatique et maladies infectieuses - - FutureHealthSEA2017 - ANR-17-CE35-0003 - AAPG2017 - VALID, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Helmholtz Zentrum München = German Research Center for Environmental Health, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM), IRAS OH Epidemiology Chemical Agents, dIRAS RA-2, German Research Center for Environmental Health - Helmholtz Center München (GmbH), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Montpellier (UM), Utrecht University [Utrecht], University School for Advanced Study IUSS, ANR-10-LABX-0025,CEBA,CEnter of the study of Biodiversity in Amazonia(2010), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), and RiverLy - Fonctionnement des hydrosystèmes (RiverLy)
Subjects: Naturebased solutions, Biodiversity Loss, Climate Change, Ecology, Emerging Infectious Disease, Evolution, Nature-based Solutions, Ecological health, Ecology (disciplines), Social ecology, EcoHealth, Social Environment, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Multidisciplinary approach, Environmental Science(all), Political science, 11. Sustainability, media_common.cataloged_instance, Animals, Humans, [SDV.EE.SANT] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Health, Climate change, GE1-350, European union, Pandemics, Ecosystem, 030304 developmental biology, General Environmental Science, media_common, [SDV.EE.SANT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Health, 0303 health sciences, SARS-CoV-2, [SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], Nature-based solutions, COVID-19, Emerging infectious disease, 3. Good health, Environmental sciences, One Health, 13. Climate action, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Biodiversity loss
Abstract: International audience; The implementation of One Health/EcoHealth/Planetary Health approaches has been identified as key (i) to address the strong interconnections between risk for pandemics, climate change and biodiversity loss and (ii) to develop and implement solutions to these interlinked crises. As a response to the multiple calls from scientists on that subject, we have here proposed seven long-term research questions regarding COVID-19 and emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) that are based on effective integration of environmental, ecological, evolutionary, and social sciences to better anticipate and mitigate EIDs. Research needs cover the social ecology of infectious disease agents, their evolution, the determinants of susceptibility of humans and animals to infections, and the human and ecological factors accelerating infectious disease emergence. For comprehensive investigation, they include the development of nature-based solutions to interlinked global planetary crises, addressing ethical and philosophical questions regarding the relationship of humans to nature and regarding transformative changes to safeguard the environment and human health. In support of this research, we propose the implementation of innovative multidisciplinary facilities embedded in social ecosystems locally: ecological health observatories and living laboratories. This work was carried out in the frame of the European Community project HERA (www. HERAresearchEU.eu), which aims to set priorities for an environment, climate and health research agenda in the European Union by adopting a systemic approach in the face of global environmental change
Published: 2022

45. Genetic Diversity and Connectivity of the Ostreid Herpesvirus 1 Populations in France: A First Attempt to Phylogeographic Inference for a Marine Mollusc Disease

Author: Jean Delmotte, Camille Pelletier, Benjamin Morga, Richard Galinier, Bruno Petton, Jean-Baptiste Lamy, Oliver Kaltz, Jean-Christophe Avarre, Maude Jacquot, Caroline Montagnani, Jean-Michel Escoubas, Interactions Hôtes-Pathogènes-Environnements (IHPE), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Adaptation et Santé des Invertébrés Marins (ASIM), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), and European Project: 678589,H2020,H2020-SFS-2015-2,VIVALDI(2016)
Subjects: Oyster, minor variations, Population, [SDV.BID]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity, phylogeography, Microbiology, Genome, Molecular ecology, 03 medical and health sciences, herpesvirus, Virology, biology.animal, viral spread, Pacific oyster, Herpes virus, 14. Life underwater, education, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, education.field_of_study, Genetic diversity, biology, Phylogenetic tree, OsHV-1, 030306 microbiology, genetic diversity, biology.organism_classification, Phylogeography, Evolutionary biology, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, non-redundant genomes
Abstract: The genetic diversity of viral populations is a key driver of the spatial and temporal diffusion of viruses; yet, studying the diversity of whole genomes from natural populations still remains a challenge. Phylodynamic approaches are commonly used for RNA viruses harboring small genomes, but have only rarely been applied to DNA viruses with larger genomes. Here, we used the Pacific Oyster Mortality Syndrome (POMS, a disease that affects oyster farms around the world) as a model to study the genetic diversity of its causative agent, the Ostreid herpesvirus 1 (OsHV-1) in the three main French oyster-farming areas. Using ultra-deep sequencing on individual moribund oysters and an innovative combination of bioinformatics tools, we de novo assembled 21 OsHV-1 new genomes. Combining quantification of major and minor genetic variations, phylogenetic analysis and ancestral state reconstruction of discrete traits approaches; we assessed the connectivity of OsHV-1 viral populations between the three oyster-farming areas. Our results suggest that the Marennes- Oléron Bay represents the main source of OsHV-1 diversity, from where the virus has dispersed to other farming areas, a scenario consistent with current practices of oyster transfers in France. We demonstrate that phylodynamic approaches can be applied to aquatic DNA viruses to determine how epidemiological, immunological, and evolutionary processes act and potentially interact to shape their diversity patterns.ImportancePhylogeography is a field of research that attempts to reconstruct the relationships between individual genotypes within a species and then correlate these genealogical relationships with their geographic and temporal origin. This field of research has become an essential step in the understanding of pandemics, in particular to determine the origin, spread and evolution of a pathogen as currently illustrated in studies on viral pandemics. However, because phylogeographic analyses are based on genome variation, stable genomes yield less information than labile genomes. Accordingly, viruses with double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) genomes generally have lower nucleotide diversity than RNA viruses. In this study, by combining the use of both major and minor genetic variations with phylogeographic analyses of the oyster herpesvirus OsHV-1, we highlight genealogical relationships that are not depicted in phylogenetic trees based on consensus viral genomes only. These data offer a plausible scenario reflecting the origin and spread of OsHV-1 populations between oyster- farming sites.
Published: 2022

46. Functional Diversification of Oyster Big Defensins Generates Antimicrobial Specificity and Synergy against Members of the Microbiota

Author: Noémie De San Nicolas, Aromal Asokan, Rafael D. Rosa, Sébastien N. Voisin, Marie-Agnès Travers, Gustavo Rocha, Luc Dantan, Yann Dorant, Guillaume Mitta, Bruno Petton, Guillaume M. Charrière, Jean-Michel Escoubas, Viviane Boulo, Juliette Pouzadoux, Hervé Meudal, Karine Loth, Vincent Aucagne, Agnès F. Delmas, Philippe Bulet, Caroline Montagnani, Delphine Destoumieux-Garzón, Destoumieux-Garzon, Delphine, Interactions Hôtes-Pathogènes-Environnements (IHPE), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Centre de biophysique moléculaire (CBM), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina = Federal University of Santa Catarina [Florianópolis] (UFSC), BioPark Archamps (BioPark), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Université de la Polynésie Française (UPF), Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute for Advanced Biosciences / Institut pour l'Avancée des Biosciences (Grenoble) (IAB), and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire [Grenoble] (CHU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Etablissement français du sang - Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes (EFS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)
Subjects: Bacteria, [SDV.BA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology, [SDV.BA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology, antibacterial peptide, invertebrate, Pharmaceutical Science, microbiome, mollusk, beta defensin, diversity, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Defensins, [SDE.BE] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Drug Discovery, evolution, [SDV.BBM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Animals, [SDV.BBM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Crassostrea, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (miscellaneous)
Abstract: International audience; Big defensins are two-domain antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) that have highly diversified in mollusks. Cg-BigDefs are expressed by immune cells in the oyster Crassostrea gigas, and their expression is dampened during the Pacific Oyster Mortality Syndrome (POMS), which evolves toward fatal bacteremia. We evaluated whether Cg-BigDefs contribute to the control of oyster-associated microbial communities. Two Cg-BigDefs that are representative of molecular diversity within the peptide family, namely Cg-BigDef1 and Cg-BigDef5, were characterized by gene cloning and synthesized by solid-phase peptide synthesis and native chemical ligation. Synthetic peptides were tested for antibacterial activity against a collection of culturable bacteria belonging to the oyster microbiota, characterized by 16S sequencing and MALDI Biotyping. We first tested the potential of Cg-BigDefs to control the oyster microbiota by injecting synthetic Cg-BigDef1 into oyster tissues and analyzing microbiota dynamics over 24 h by 16S metabarcoding. Cg-BigDef1 induced a significant shift in oyster microbiota β-diversity after 6 h and 24 h, prompting us to investigate antimicrobial activities in vitro against members of the oyster microbiota. Both Cg-BigDef1 and Cg-BigDef5 were active at a high salt concentration (400 mM NaCl) and showed broad spectra of activity against bacteria associated with C. gigas pathologies. Antimicrobial specificity was observed for both molecules at an intra- and inter-genera level. Remarkably, antimicrobial spectra of Cg-BigDef1 and Cg-BigDef5 were complementary, and peptides acted synergistically. Overall, we found that primary sequence diversification of Cg-BigDefs has generated specificity and synergy and extended the spectrum of activity of this peptide family.
Published: 2022

47. A fine‐scale analysis reveals microgeographic hotspots maximizing infection rate between a parasite and its fish host

Author: Géraldine Loot, Geoffrey Marselli, Orlane Scelsi, Olivier Rey, Simon Blanchet, Camille Poesy, Eglantine Mathieu-Bégné, Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Station d'écologie théorique et expérimentale (SETE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Interactions Hôtes-Pathogènes-Environnements (IHPE), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale (SETE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Fédération de Recherche Agrobiosciences, Interactions et Biodiversité (FR AIB), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), ANR-11-JSV7-0010,INCLIMPAR,Les effets du changement climatique sur les parasites : une étude prédictive intégrée(2011), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0303 health sciences, Host (biology), microhabitat, aggregation, Zoology, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Infection rate, Scale analysis (statistics), 03 medical and health sciences, host-parasite interactions, Parasite hosting, %22">Fish , [SDV.MP.PAR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, 14. Life underwater, freshwater, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 030304 developmental biology, encounter filter, [SDV.EE.IEO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Symbiosis
Abstract: International audience; For parasites, finding their hosts in vast and heterogeneous environments is a task that can be complex. Some parasite species rely on elaborate strategies to increase encounter rate with their hosts (e.g. behavioural modification of host), but others do not. For these parasites, a key issue is to reveal the processes that enable them to successfully find their hosts and complete their life cycles. Here, we tested the hypothesis that infective larvae of the freshwater ectoparasite Tracheliastes polycolpus are not homogeneously distributed along the river and preferentially occur in very specific microhabitats that maximize encounter rate, and hence infection rate, with their host fish. To do this, we combined an in situ experiment (caging) with an empirical survey carried out on the same sites to identify potential 'hotspots' of infection at the microgeographic scale and their environmental characteristics. Experimental and empirical results demonstrated that infections were not evenly distributed among microhabitats, and that infections were spatially aggregated in hotspots at a very fine spatial grain. We further found that certain combinations of environmental variables were consistently and nonlinearly associated with higher infection rate for both caged and wild-caught fish. Microhabitats characterized by very low or high stream velocities, associated with medium or very small substrate, respectively, and a deep water column were strongly and repeatedly associated with higher infection rates. These microhabitats could concentrate parasites and/or promote physical contact with the hosts. We conclude that the characteristics of some microhabitats could facilitate contact between hosts and parasites and explain how some parasites manage to find their hosts in complex environments.
Published: 2022

48. New insights into the role of DNA methylation in Biomphalaria glabrata infection susceptibility

Author: Luviano, Nelia, Lopez, Marie, Gawehns, Fleur, Chaparro, Cristian, Arimondo, Paola, Halby, Ludovic, Verhoeven, Koen, Pujol, Benoit, Gourbal, Benjamin, Duval, David, Ittiprasert, Wannaporn, Allienne, Jean-François, Pouzol, Damien, Tavernier, Geneviève, Cosseau, Celine, Grunau, Christoph, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO), Terrestrial Ecology (TE), Interactions Hôtes-Pathogènes-Environnements (IHPE), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron [Pôle Chimie Balard] (IBMM), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM), Université de Montpellier (UM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Netherlands Institute of Ecology - NIOO-KNAW (NETHERLANDS), Chimie biologique épigénétique - Epigenetic Chemical Biology (EpiCBio), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Pharmacochimie de la Régulation Epigénétique du Cancer (ETaC), PIERRE FABRE-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de recherches insulaires et observatoire de l'environnement (CRIOBE), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Georgetown University [Washington] (GU), Institut de médecine moléculaire de Rangueil (I2MR), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)- Institut Fédératif de Recherche Bio-médicale Institution (IFR150)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), This work was supported by Wellcome Trust strategic award (107475/Z/15/Z) and by a PhD grant to NL from the Region Occitanie (EPIPARA project) and the University of Perpignan Via Domitia graduate school ED305. With the support of LabEx CeMEB, an ANR'Investissements d’avenir' program (ANR-10-LABX-04-01) through the Environmental Epigenomics Platform and the 'projets de recherche exploratoires du CeMEB 2018' project 'Epigenetics of inbreeding depression (EPID)'. This study is set within the framework of the 'Laboratoires d'Excellences (LABEX)' TULIP (ANR-10-LABX-41). BQR UPVD provided funding for the Nanoject III Programmable Nanoliter Injector., FIOCRUZ, ANR-10-LABX-0004,CeMEB,Mediterranean Center for Environment and Biodiversity(2010), and ANR-10-LABX-0041,TULIP,Towards a Unified theory of biotic Interactions: the roLe of environmental(2010)
Subjects: [SDE]Environmental Sciences
Abstract: Introduction As for many transmissible diseases non-pharmacological interventions are one of the most effective ways to control schistosoma infections. One of theses, the control of the intermediate host, is also recognized by WHO as a key element to eradication of the disease in humans. Biomphalaria snails can show remarkable resistance to schistosomes and prevalence is low in snail populations even in regions where the parasite is highly present in the vertebrate host.Resistance is a heritable trait, but it shows also high plasticity e.g., snails can be become resistant to the same parasite strain after a primary infection. One of the components of heritable plasticity is epigenetic information that refers to the heritable but reversible changes in gene function, and one of the bearers of epigenetic information is DNA methylation. We reasoned that modifying DNA methylation in the snail would have potentially positive effects on resistance traits. Methods We developed chemical DNA methylation modulators to which the snails were exposed to modify their pan-genomic methylation and we established a method for targeted DNA methylation modifications based on dCas9/Crispr. For heritability of resistance measure we used epigenetic recombinant inbred lines (EpiRILs) and experimental infections. Results We applied a dCas9-SunTag-DNMT3A complex and synthetic sgRNA to transfect B. glabrata embryos and observed an increase of CpG methylation at the target site in 50% of the hatching snails. DNA methylations were also introduced in an inbred B.glabrata line by chemical treatment in F0. This led to phenotypic variation in F3 and methylation differences in F3. Both increase and decrease (up to 100% and down to 20% prevalence from 86% control) of infection success indicating variation in complex resistance/compatibility trait. Conclusions We show that DNA methylation can be modified in B.glabrata both chemically and dCas-based, and pan-genomic or targeted. These modifications produce heritable phenotypic variants and have an influence on infection susceptibility confirming the epigenetic component of this trait. A rational of DNA methylation-based vector control will be presented.
Published: 2022

49. Recent advances in bivalve-microbiota interactions for disease prevention in aquaculture

Author: Isabelle Arzul, Luigi Vezzulli, K. Mathias Wegner, Alberto Pallavicini, Christine Paillard, Yannick Gueguen, David Bass, Paillard, Christine, Gueguen, Yannick, Wegner, K Mathia, Bass, David, Pallavicini, Alberto, Vezzulli, Luigi, Arzul, Isabelle, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Interactions Hôtes-Pathogènes-Environnements (IHPE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD), Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research (AWI), The Natural History Museum [London] (NHM), Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science [Weymouth] (CEFAS), Department of Life Sciences, Università degli studi di Trieste, National Institute of Oceanography and Applied Geophysics (OGS), Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra dell'Ambiente e della Vita (DISTAV), Universita degli studi di Genova, Laboratoire de Génétique et Pathologie des Mollusques Marins, 17390 La Tremblade, France. (LGPMM), Santé, Génétique et Microbiologie des Mollusques (IFREMER SG2M), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - Atlantique (IFREMER Atlantique), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - Atlantique (IFREMER Atlantique), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Università degli studi di Trieste = University of Trieste, Università degli studi di Genova = University of Genoa (UniGe), Laboratoire de Génétique et Pathologie des Mollusques Marins (LGPMM), Santé, Génétique et Microbiologie des Mollusques (SGMM), and ANR-17-EURE-0015,ISBlue,Interdisciplinary Graduate School for the Blue planet(2017)
Subjects: Functional role, Biomedical Engineering, Bioengineering, Context (language use), [SDV.SA.ZOO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Zootechny, Disease, Aquaculture, Biology, Animals, Host-Pathogen Interactions, Bivalvia, Microbiota, 03 medical and health sciences, 14. Life underwater, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, 030306 microbiology, Ecology, Host (biology), business.industry, Animal, [SDV.BA.ZI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Invertebrate Zoology, Host-Pathogen Interaction, 13. Climate action, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Disease prevention, business, Biotechnology, [SDV.EE.IEO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Symbiosis
Abstract: International audience; In bivalves, no clear-cut functional role of microbiota has yet been identified, although many publications suggest that they could be involved in nutrition or immunity of their host. In the context of climate change, integrative approaches at the crossroads of disciplines have been developed to explore the environment-host-pathogen microbiota system. Here, we attempt to synthesize work on (1) the current methodologies to analyse bivalve microbiota, (2) the comparison of microbiota between species, between host compartments and their surrounding habitat, (3) how the bivalve microbiota are governed by environmental factors and host genetics and (4) how host-associated microorganisms act as a buffer against pathogens and/or promote recovery, and could thereby play a role in the prevention of disease or mortalities.
Published: 2022

50. Morphological and genomic characterisation of the Schistosoma hybrid infecting humans in Europe reveals admixture between Schistosoma haematobium and Schistosoma bovis

Author: Julien Kincaid-Smith, Alan Tracey, Ronaldo de Carvalho Augusto, Ingo Bulla, Nancy Holroyd, Anne Rognon, Olivier Rey, Cristian Chaparro, Ana Oleaga, Santiago Mas-Coma, Jean-François Allienne, Christoph Grunau, Matthew Berriman, Jérôme Boissier, Eve Toulza, Interactions Hôtes-Pathogènes-Environnements (IHPE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD), Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (UMR CBGP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK., Universität Greifswald - University of Greifswald, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Parasitology Laboratory, Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Salamanca (IRNASA, CSIC), Universitat de València (UV), Departamento de Parasitologia, Universitat de València (UV)-Facultad de farmacia, CG and RA were supported by the Wellcome Trust [grant number 107475/Z/15/Z], and Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft Fellowship BU 2685/5-1. MB was supported by the Wellcome Trust [grant number 098051]. SMC was funded by Health Research Project No. PI16/00520, Plan Estatal de Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnica y de Innovacion, ISCIII-MINECO, Madrid, Spain, Red de Investigacion de Centros de Enfermedades Tropicales - RICET (Project No. RD16/0027/0023 of the PN de I+D+I, ISCIII-RETICS), Ministry of Health and Consumption, Madrid, Spain. JB, ET, OR were funded by the French National Research Agency ANR project HySWARM ANR-18-CE35-0001., ANR-18-CE35-0001,HySWARM,Hybrid Swarm: rôle de l'hybridation dans les capacités invasives, l'épidémiologie et le diagnostic de la schistosomiase(2018), Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Oleaga, Ana, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), and Oleaga, Ana [0000-0002-8019-7354]
Subjects: Male, Physiology, Introgression, Eggs, RC955-962, Snails, Disease Vectors, 0302 clinical medicine, Medical Conditions, Reproductive Physiology, Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine, Invertebrate Genomics, Medicine and Health Sciences, Body Size, Schistosomiasis, 0303 health sciences, [SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], Eukaryota, Genomics, 3. Good health, Europe, Infectious Diseases, Schistosoma bovis, Schistosoma haematobium, Schistosoma, Female, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270, Schistosomes, Research Article, Evolutionary Processes, Bulinus, 030231 tropical medicine, 03 medical and health sciences, Helminths, Parasitic disease, parasitic diseases, Genetics, Parasitic Diseases, Animals, Humans, [SDV.MP.PAR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, 030304 developmental biology, Evolutionary Biology, Genome, Helminth, [SDV.GEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics, Chimera, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Organisms, Biology and Life Sciences, Paleontology, Invertebrates, Animal Genomics, Earth Sciences, Hybridization, Genetic, Paleogenetics, Zoology
Abstract: Schistosomes cause schistosomiasis, the world’s second most important parasitic disease after malaria in terms of public health and social-economic impacts. A peculiar feature of these dioecious parasites is their ability to produce viable and fertile hybrid offspring. Originally only present in the tropics, schistosomiasis is now also endemic in southern Europe. Based on the analysis of two genetic markers the European schistosomes had previously been identified as hybrids between the livestock- and the human-infective species Schistosoma bovis and Schistosoma haematobium, respectively. Here, using PacBio long-read sequencing technology we performed genome assembly improvement and annotation of S. bovis, one of the parental species for which no satisfactory genome assembly was available. We then describe the whole genome introgression levels of the hybrid schistosomes, their morphometric parameters (eggs and adult worms) and their compatibility with two European snail strains used as vectors (Bulinus truncatus and Planorbarius metidjensis). Schistosome-snail compatibility is a key parameter for the parasites life cycle progression, and thus the capability of the parasite to establish in a given area. Our results show that this Schistosoma hybrid is strongly introgressed genetically, composed of 77% S. haematobium and 23% S. bovis origin. This genomic admixture suggests an ancient hybridization event and subsequent backcrosses with the human-specific species, S. haematobium, before its introduction in Corsica. We also show that egg morphology (commonly used as a species diagnostic) does not allow for accurate hybrid identification while genetic tests do., PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 15 (12), ISSN:1935-2727, ISSN:1935-2735
Published: 2021

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources

See catalog results

Searchworks

Select search scope, currently: Articles Catalog books, media & more in Jio Institute collections Articles journal articles & other e-resources

Search

Search Constraints

Refine your results

Search Limiters

Topic

Publication Year Range

Language

Publication Type

Journal

Region

Database

Publisher

370 results on '"Interactions Hôtes-Pathogènes-Environnements (IHPE)"'

Search Results

Catalog

Select search scope, currently: Articles

Catalog

books, media & more in Jio Institute collections

Articles

journal articles & other e-resources