Author: "Instituto nacional de saude" - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

Your search keyword '"Instituto nacional de saude"' showing total 94 results

Start Over Author "Instituto nacional de saude"

94 results on '"Instituto nacional de saude"'

1. Characterising Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in a Peri-urban Population in Mozambique (AfriCoVER)

Author: European and Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership (EDCTP), Instituto Nacional de Saude, Mozambique, Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement, and UMC Utrecht
Published: 2023

2. TB Sequel: Pathogenesis and Risk Factors of Long-term Sequelae of Pulmonary TB (TBSEQUEL)

Author: Ludwig-Maximilians - University of Munich, Research Center Borstel, University of Witwatersrand, South Africa, Mbeya Medical Research Centre NIMR, Ministry of Health Instituto Nacional de Saude, Medical Research Council Unit, The Gambia, and Karolinska Institutet
Published: 2021

3. Plano de atividades 2018

Author: Instituto Nacional de Saude Doutor Ricardo Jorge, IP, Correia, Ângela, and Sanches, Susana
Subjects: Plano de Atividades, Portugal, Difusão da Cultura Científica, Genética Humana, Saúde Pública, Ministério da Saúde, Formação, Laboratório de Referência, Saúde Ambiental, Doenças Infecciosas, Promoção da Saúde e Doenças Não Transmissíveis, Instituto Nacional de Saude, Observatório de Saúde, Epidemiologia, Investigação & Desenvolvimento, Instrumentos de Gestão, Prestação de Serviços Diferenciados, Alimentação e Nutrição
Abstract: Plano de atividades de 2018 homologado. Plano de atividades do Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge (INSA) para o ano de 2018. O INSA é um organismo público integrado na administração indireta do Estado, sob a tutela do Ministério da Saúde. Enquanto Laboratório do Estado, o Instituto tem por missão contribuir para ganhos em saúde pública através de atividades de investigação e desenvolvimento tecnológico, atividade laboratorial de referência, observação da saúde e vigilância epidemiológica, bem como coordenar a avaliação externa da qualidade laboratorial, difundir a cultura científica, fomentar a capacitação e formação e ainda assegurar a prestação de serviços diferenciados, nos referidos domínios. Este instrumento constitui um referencial para a atividade a desenvolver pelo Instituto durante este ano, baseado nas estratégias objetivos e metas institucionalmente consensualizados. N/A
Published: 2018

4. Plano estratégico 2017-2019

Author: Instituto Nacional de Saude Doutor Ricardo Jorge, IP, Correia, Ângela, and Sanches, Susana
Subjects: 2017-2019, Portugal, Difusão da Cultura Científica, Genética Humana, Plano Estratégico, Saúde Pública, Ministério da Saúde, Formação, Laboratório de Referência, Saúde Ambiental, Doenças Infecciosas, Promoção da Saúde e Doenças Não Transmissíveis, Observatório de Saúde, Epidemiologia, Investigação & Desenvolvimento, Instrumentos de Gestão, Prestação de Serviços Diferenciados, Alimentação e Nutrição
Abstract: Plano Estratégico 2017-2019 homologado Plano Estratégico do Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge (INSA) para 2017-2019. O INSA é um organismo público integrado na administração indireta do Estado, sob a tutela do Ministério da Saúde. Enquanto Laboratório do Estado, o Instituto tem por missão contribuir para ganhos em saúde pública através de atividades de investigação e desenvolvimento tecnológico, atividade laboratorial de referência, observação da saúde e vigilância epidemiológica, bem como coordenar a avaliação externa da qualidade laboratorial, difundir a cultura científica, fomentar a capacitação e formação e ainda assegurar a prestação de serviços diferenciados, nos referidos domínios. Este instrumento tem como objetivo apresentar a visão, os valores institucionais e as linhas estratégicas a adotar neste triénio. N/A
Published: 2017

5. Plano de atividades 2017

Author: Instituto Nacional de Saude Doutor Ricardo Jorge, IP, Sanches, Susana, and Correia, Ângela
Subjects: Plano de Atividades, Portugal, Difusão da Cultura Científica, Genética Humana, Saúde Pública, Ministério da Saúde, Formação, Laboratório de Referência, Saúde Ambiental, Doenças Infecciosas, Promoção da Saúde e Doenças Não Transmissíveis, Instituto Nacional de Saude, Observatório de Saúde, Epidemiologia, Investigação & Desenvolvimento, Instrumentos de Gestão, Prestação de Serviços Diferenciados, Alimentação e Nutrição
Abstract: Plano de atividades de 2017 homologado. Plano de atividades do Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge (INSA) para o ano de 2017. O INSA é um organismo público integrado na administração indireta do Estado, sob a tutela do Ministério da Saúde. Enquanto Laboratório do Estado, o Instituto tem por missão contribuir para ganhos em saúde pública através de atividades de investigação e desenvolvimento tecnológico, atividade laboratorial de referência, observação da saúde e vigilância epidemiológica, bem como coordenar a avaliação externa da qualidade laboratorial, difundir a cultura científica, fomentar a capacitação e formação e ainda assegurar a prestação de serviços diferenciados, nos referidos domínios. Este instrumento constitui um referencial para a atividade a desenvolver pelo Instituto durante este ano, baseado nas estratégias objetivos e metas institucionalmente consensualizados. N/A
Published: 2017

6. Relatório de atividades 2016

Author: Instituto Nacional de Saude Doutor Ricardo Jorge, IP, Correia, Ângela, and Sanches, Susana
Subjects: Portugal, Genética Humana, Saúde Pública, Ministério da Saúde, Formação Difusão da Cultura Científica, Relatório de Atividades, Laboratório de Referência, Saúde Ambiental, Doenças Infecciosas, Promoção da Saúde e Doenças Não Transmissíveis, Observatório de Saúde, Epidemiologia, Investigação & Desenvolvimento, Instrumentos de Gestão, Prestação de Serviços Diferenciados, Alimentação e Nutrição
Abstract: O presente instrumento de gestão do Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge (INSA) relativo a ano de 2016: tem três grandes objetivos: 1) Averiguar a concretização do Quadro de Avaliação e Responsabilização (QUAR) e do Plano de Ação (PA) de 2016, nomeadamente, avaliar a estratégia assumida através dos seus objetivos estratégicos, verificando o grau de realização dos programas e dos objetivos operacionais que foram propostos nestes documentos; 2) Disponibilizar informação institucional relativa à execução do orçamento, à alocação de recursos humanos, financeiros e técnicos; 3) Demonstrar quantitativa, e qualitativamente, a informação relativa às funções essenciais do Instituto, aos Departamentos Técnico Científicos (DTC), ao Museu da Saúde e aos Serviços de Suporte. N/A
Published: 2017

7. Relatório de Atividades 2015

Author: Instituto Nacional de Saude Doutor Ricardo Jorge, IP and Correia, Ângela
Subjects: Genética Humana, Saúde Pública, Formação Difusão da Cultura Científica, Relatório de Atividades, Laboratório de Referência, Indicadores, Saúde Ambiental, Doenças Infecciosas, Promoção da Saúde e Doenças Não Transmissíveis, Observatório de Saúde, Epidemiologia, Investigação & Desenvolvimento, Prestação de Serviços Diferenciados, Alimentação e Nutrição
Abstract: Relatório de atividades do INSA relativo ao ano de 2015. Este instrumento tem dois grandes objetivos: 1) Averiguar a concretização do Plano de Ação de 2015. Nomeadamente, avalia a estratégia assumida através dos seus objetivos estratégicos, isto é, verificar o grau de realização dos programas e dos objetivos operacionais atingidos que foram propostos no QUAR e no Plano de Ação; 2) Prestar informação institucional relativamente à execução do orçamento, à alocação de recursos humanos, financeiros e técnicos, para além de demonstrar quantitativa e qualitativamente os dados das funções essenciais inerentes ao Departamentos Técnicos e Científicos.
Published: 2016

8. Plano de Atividades de 2016

Author: Instituto Nacional de Saude Doutor Ricardo Jorge, IP and Correia, Ângela
Subjects: Plano de Atividades, Portugal, Difusão da Cultura Científica, Genética Humana, Saúde Pública, Ministério da Saúde, Formação, Laboratório de Referência, Saúde Ambiental, Doenças Infecciosas, Promoção da Saúde e Doenças Não Transmissíveis, Observatório de Saúde, Instrumentos de Gestão, Epidemiologia, Investigação & Desenvolvimento, Prestação de Serviços Diferenciados, Alimentação e Nutrição
Abstract: Plano de atividades do INSA, I.P. para o ano de 2016. Este instrumento constitui um referencial para a atividade a desenvolver pelo Instituto durante este ano, baseado nas estratégias objetivos e metas institucionalmente consensualizados.
Published: 2016

9. Relatório de Atividades 2014

Author: Instituto Nacional de Saude Doutor Ricardo Jorge, IP, Correia, Ângela, and Cardeira, Marcelo
Subjects: Difusão da Cultura Científica, Genética Humana, Saúde Pública, Formação, Relatório de Atividades, Laboratório de Referência, Indicadores, Promoção da Saúde e Doenças Não-Transmissíveis, Saúde Ambiental, Doenças Infecciosas, Observatório de Saúde, Epidemiologia, Investigação & Desenvolvimento, Prestação de Serviços Diferenciados, Alimentação e Nutrição
Abstract: Relatório de atividades do INSA relativo ao ano de 2014. Este instrumento tem dois grandes objetivos: 1) Averiguar a concretização do Plano de Ação de 2013. Nomeadamente, avalia a estratégia assumida através dos seus objetivos estratégicos, isto é, verificar o grau de realização dos programas e dos objetivos operacionais atingidos que foram propostos no QUAR e no Plano de Ação; 2) Prestar informação institucional relativamente à execução do orçamento, à alocação de recursos humanos, financeiros e técnicos, para além de demonstrar quantitativa e qualitativamente os dados das funções essenciais inerentes ao Departamentos Técnicos e Científicos.
Published: 2015

10. Relatório de Atividades 2012

Author: Instituto Nacional de Saude Doutor Ricardo Jorge, IP and Almeida, Glória
Subjects: Difusão da Cultura Científica, Genética Humana, Saúde Pública, Formação, Relatório de Atividades, Laboratório de Referência, Indicadores, Promoção da Saúde e Doenças Não-Transmissiveis, Saúde Ambiental, Doenças Infecciosas, Observatório de Saúde, Epidemiologia, Investigação & Desenvolvimento, Prestação de Serviços Diferenciados, Alimentação e Nutrição
Abstract: O relatório de Atividades de 2012, à semelhança do realizado em 2011, possui duas versões: a presente versão impressa que inclui as iniciativas de maior relevo desenvolvidas durante o ano de 2012, e uma versão em ebook. A versão em ebook encontra-se disponível no site do INSA, e inclui a informação de gestão, a evolução da atividade técnico-científica do INSA desde 2007, e a atividade das unidades de suporte técnico.
Published: 2013

11. Bat coronavirus phylogeography in the Western Indian Ocean

Author: Yann Gomard, Steven M. Goodman, Léa Joffrin, Camille Lebarbenchon, Eduardo Samo Gudo, Patrick Mavingui, Rajendraprasad Sookhareea, Pablo Tortosa, Erwan Lagadec, David A. Wilkinson, M. Corrie Schoeman, Andréa Dos Santos, Beza Ramasindrazana, Simon Julienne, Gildas Le Minter, Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical (PIMIT), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IRD-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de La Réunion (UR), Association Vahatra [Antananarivo, Madagascar], Schlumberger-Doll Research, Schlumberger, European Southern Observatory (ESO), Eduardo Mondlane University, Instituto nacional de saude [Lisbon, Portugal], Tortosa, Pablo, Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IRD-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Field Museum of Natural History [Chicago, USA], Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), University of KwaZulu-Natal [Durban, Afrique du Sud] (UKZN), National Parks and Conservation Service, Partenaires INRAE, Ministry of health of Seychelles, and Instituto Nacional de Saude [Maputo, Mozambique] (INS)
Subjects: Pollination, lcsh:Medicine, Ecosystem services, Chiroptera, Zoonoses, [SDV.EE.ECO] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Prevalence, lcsh:Science, Phylogeny, 0303 health sciences, Multidisciplinary, Phylogenetic tree, [SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], Alphacoronavirus, Phylogeography, Key (lock), Coronavirus Infections, animal structures, Seed dispersal, Zoology, Biology, Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Host Specificity, Article, Evolution, Molecular, 03 medical and health sciences, Betacoronavirus, Viral reservoirs, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Indian Ocean Islands, [SDV.BID.EVO] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], [SDV.EE.SANT] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Health, Animals, 14. Life underwater, Viral evolution, Ecosystem, 030304 developmental biology, [SDV.EE.SANT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Health, Base Sequence, 030306 microbiology, Host (biology), lcsh:R, Genetic Variation, 15. Life on land, RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase, [SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, Biodiversity hotspot, DNA, Viral, lcsh:Q, [SDV.MP.BAC] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology
Abstract: Bats provide key ecosystem services such as crop pest regulation, pollination, seed dispersal, and soil fertilization. Bats are also major hosts for biological agents responsible for zoonoses, such as coronaviruses (CoVs). The islands of the Western Indian Ocean are identified as a major biodiversity hotspot, with more than 50 bat species. In this study, we tested 1,013 bats belonging to 36 species from Mozambique, Madagascar, Mauritius, Mayotte, Reunion Island and Seychelles, based on molecular screening and partial sequencing of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase gene. In total, 88 bats (8.7%) tested positive for coronaviruses, with higher prevalence in Mozambican bats (20.5% ± 4.9%) as compared to those sampled on islands (4.5% ± 1.5%). Phylogenetic analyses revealed a large diversity of α- and β-CoVs and a strong signal of co-evolution between CoVs and their bat host species, with limited evidence for host-switching, except for bat species sharing day roost sites.ImportanceThis is the first study to report the presence of coronaviruses (CoVs) in bats in Mayotte, Mozambique and Reunion Island, and in insectivorous bats in Madagascar. Eight percent of the tested bats were positive for CoVs, with higher prevalence in continental Africa than on islands. A high genetic diversity of α- and β-CoVs was found, with strong association between bat host and virus phylogenies, supporting a long history of co-evolution between bats and their associated CoVs in the Western Indian Ocean. These results highlight that strong variation between islands does exist and is associated with the composition of the bat species community on each island. Future studies should investigate whether CoVs detected in these bats have a potential for spillover in other hosts.
Published: 2020

12. Pf7: an open dataset of Plasmodium falciparum genome variation in 20,000 worldwide samples

Author: Abdel Hamid, Muzamil Mahdi, Abdelraheem, Mohamed Hassan, Acheampong, Desmond Omane, Ahouidi, Ambroise, Ali, Mozam, Almagro-Garcia, Jacob, Amambua-Ngwa, Alfred, Amaratunga, Chanaki, Amenga-Etego, Lucas, Andagalu, Ben, Anderson, Tim, Andrianaranjaka, Voahangy, Aniebo, Ifeyinwa, Aninagyei, Enoch, Ansah, Felix, Ansah, Patrick, Apinjoh, Tobias, Arnaldo, Paulo, Ashley, Elizabeth, Auburn, Sarah, Awandare, Gordon, Ba, Hampate, Baraka, Vito, Barry, Alyssa, Bejon, Philip, Bertin, Gwladys, Boni, Maciej, Borrmann, Steffen, Bousema, Teun, Bouyou-Akotet, Marielle, Branch, Oralee, Bull, Peter, Cheah, Huch, Chindavongsa, Keobouphaphone, Chookajorn, Thanat, Chotivanich, Kesinee, Claessens, Antoine, Conway, David, Corredor, Vladimir, Courtier, Erin, Craig, Alister, d'Alessandro, Umberto, Dama, Souleymane, Day, Nicholas, Denis, Brigitte, Dhorda, Mehul, Diakite, Mahamadou, Djimde, Abdoulaye, Dolecek, Christiane, Dondorp, Arjen, Doumbia, Seydou, Drakeley, Chris, Drury, Eleanor, Duffy, Patrick, Echeverry, Diego, Egwang, Thomas, Enosse, Sonia Maria Mauricio, Erko, Berhanu, Fairhurst, Rick, Faiz, Abdul, Fanello, Caterina, Fleharty, Mark, Forbes, Matthew, Fukuda, Mark, Gamboa, Dionicia, Ghansah, Anita, Golassa, Lemu, Goncalves, Sonia, Harrison, G, Healy, Sara Anne, Hendry, Jason, Hernandez-Koutoucheva, Anastasia, Hien, Tran Tinh, Hill, Catherine, Hombhanje, Francis, Hott, Amanda, Htut, Ye, Hussein, Mazza, Imwong, Mallika, Ishengoma, Deus, Jackson, Scott, Jacob, Chris, Jeans, Julia, Johnson, Kimberly, Kamaliddin, Claire, Kamau, Edwin, Keatley, Jon, Kochakarn, Theerarat, Konate, Drissa, Konaté, Abibatou, Kone, Aminatou, Kwiatkowski, Dominic, Kyaw, Myat, Kyle, Dennis, Lawniczak, Mara, Lee, Samuel, Lemnge, Martha, Lim, Pharath, Lon, Chanthap, Loua, Kovana, Mandara, Celine, Marfurt, Jutta, Marsh, Kevin, Maude, Richard James, Mayxay, Mayfong, Maïga-Ascofaré, Oumou, Miotto, Olivo, Mita, Toshihiro, Mobegi, Victor, Mohamed, Abdelrahim Osman, Mokuolu, Olugbenga, Montgomery, Jaqui, Morang'A, Collins Misita, Mueller, Ivo, Murie, Kathryn, Newton, Paul, Ngo Duc, Thang, Nguyen, Thuy, Nguyen, Thuy-Nhien, Nguyen Thi Kim, Tuyen, Nguyen Van, Hong, Noedl, Harald, Nosten, François, Noviyanti, Rintis, Ntui, Vincent Ntui-Njock, Nzila, Alexis, Ochola-Oyier, Lynette Isabella, Ocholla, Harold, Oduro, Abraham, Omedo, Irene, Onyamboko, Marie, Ouedraogo, Jean-Bosco, Oyebola, Kolapo, Oyibo, Wellington Aghoghovwia, Pearson, Richard, Peshu, Norbert, Phyo, Aung, Plowe, Christopher, Price, Ric, Pukrittayakamee, Sasithon, Quang, Huynh Hong, Randrianarivelojosia, Milijaona, Rayner, Julian, Ringwald, Pascal, Rosanas-Urgell, Anna, Rovira-Vallbona, Eduard, Ruano-Rubio, Valentin, Ruiz, Lastenia, Saunders, David, Shayo, Alex, Siba, Peter, Simpson, Victoria, Sissoko, Mahamadou, Smith, Christen, Su, Xin-Zhuan, Sutherland, Colin, Takala-Harrison, Shannon, Talman, Arthur, Tavul, Livingstone, Thanh, Ngo Viet, Thathy, Vandana, Thu, Aung Myint, Toure, Mahamoudou, Tshefu, Antoinette, Verra, Federica, Vinetz, Joseph, Wellems, Thomas, Wendler, Jason, White, Nicholas, Whitton, Georgia, Yavo, William, van der Pluijm, Rob, MalariaGEN, University of Khartoum, University of Cape Coast [Ghana], Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD), The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute [Cambridge], London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine [Fajara, Gambia], London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases [Bethesda] (NIAID-NIH), National Institutes of Health [Bethesda] (NIH), West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens [Legon, Ghana] (WACCBIP), University of Ghana, Navrongo Health Research Centre [Navrongo, Ghana] (NHRC), Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Texas Biomedical Research Institute [San Antonio, TX], Université d'Antananarivo, University of Buéa, Instituto Nacional de Saude [Maputo, Mozambique] (INS), Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health [Oxford, UK], Nuffield Department of Medicine [Oxford, UK] (Big Data Institute), University of Oxford-University of Oxford, Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit (MORU), University of Oxford-Mahidol University [Bangkok]-Wellcome Trust, Menzies School of Health Research [Australia], Charles Darwin University [Australia], Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine [Oxford], University of Oxford, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Laboratory of Pathogen and Host Immunity [Montpellier] (LPHI), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM)
Subjects: data resource, lnfectious Diseases and Global Health Radboud Institute for Health Sciences [Radboudumc 4], plasmodium falciparum, genomics, malaria, Medicine (miscellaneous), genomic epidemiology, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology
Abstract: Contains fulltext : 291985.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access) We describe the MalariaGEN Pf7 data resource, the seventh release of Plasmodium falciparum genome variation data from the MalariaGEN network. It comprises over 20,000 samples from 82 partner studies in 33 countries, including several malaria endemic regions that were previously underrepresented. For the first time we include dried blood spot samples that were sequenced after selective whole genome amplification, necessitating new methods to genotype copy number variations. We identify a large number of newly emerging crt mutations in parts of Southeast Asia, and show examples of heterogeneities in patterns of drug resistance within Africa and within the Indian subcontinent. We describe the profile of variations in the C-terminal of the csp gene and relate this to the sequence used in the RTS,S and R21 malaria vaccines. Pf7 provides high-quality data on genotype calls for 6 million SNPs and short indels, analysis of large deletions that cause failure of rapid diagnostic tests, and systematic characterisation of six major drug resistance loci, all of which can be freely downloaded from the MalariaGEN website.
Published: 2023

13. Investigation of astrovirus, coronavirus and paramyxovirus co-infections in bats in the western Indian Ocean

Author: Beza Ramasindrazana, Dana Al Halabi, Andréa Dos Santos, Gildas Le Minter, Marie Köster, M. Corrie Schoeman, Erwan Lagadec, Axel O. G. Hoarau, Camille Lebarbenchon, Steven M. Goodman, Eduardo Samo Gudo, Patrick Mavingui, Univ, Réunion, Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical (PIMIT), Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IRD-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Association Vahatra [Antananarivo, Madagascar], Eduardo Mondlane University, University of KwaZulu-Natal [Durban, Afrique du Sud] (UKZN), and Instituto Nacional de Saude [Maputo, Mozambique] (INS)
Subjects: Virus transmission, viruses, Short Report, Paramyxoviridae Infections, Triaenops afer, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216, medicine.disease_cause, Astrovirus, Astroviridae Infections, Chiroptera, Virology, medicine, Madagascar, Animals, Mozambique, Coronavirus, [SDV.MP.VIR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, Triaenops menamena, biology, Coinfection, Multiple infections, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, Indian ocean, Infectious Diseases, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, Coronavirus Infections, Reunion, Co infection
Abstract: Co-infections have a key role in virus transmission in wild reservoir hosts. We investigated the simultaneous presence of astroviruses, coronaviruses, and paramyxoviruses in bats from Madagascar, Mayotte, Mozambique, and Reunion Island. A total of 871 samples from 28 bat species representing 8 families were tested by polymerase chain reactions (PCRs) targeting the RNA-dependent RNA-polymerase genes. Overall, 2.4% of bats tested positive for the presence of at least two viruses, only on Madagascar and in Mozambique. Significant variation in the proportion of co-infections was detected among bat species, and some combinations of co-infection were more common than others. Our findings support that co-infections of the three targeted viruses occur in bats in the western Indian Ocean region, although further studies are needed to assess their epidemiological consequences. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12985-021-01673-2.
Published: 2021

14. Influenza surveillance capacity improvements in Africa during 2011‐2017

Author: Gideon O. Emukule, Hugo Kavunga-Membo, paul simusika, Issaka Maman, Meredith McMorrow, Punam Mangtani, Patrick Nguipdop-Djomo, Ivan Kiggundu Mambule, Emmanuel Nakouné, Ann Moen, Cheryl Cohen, Jean-Michel Heraud, Vashonia Weatherspoon, Thelma Williams, Ndongo Dia, Julius J. Lutwama, Derrar Fawzi, Almiro Tivane, Vida Mmbaga, Ndahwouh Talla Nzussouo, Sibongile Walaza, Margaret McCarron, Stefano Tempia, Adedeji Adebayo, Richard Njouom, Adamou Lagare, Ledor S Igboh, Eduardo Azziz-Baumgartner, Samba O. Sow, Mary Okeyo, Coulibaly Dauoda, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [Atlanta] (CDC), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [Pretoria, South Africa] (CDC-South Africa), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), University of the Witwatersrand [Johannesburg] (WITS), MassGenics [Atlanta, GA], National Influenza Center [Johannesburg, South Africa], Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [Kenya], Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [Accra, Ghana] (CDC), Institut Pasteur d'Algérie, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Centre Pasteur du Cameroun, Institut Pasteur de Bangui, Institut National d'Hygiène Publique [Côte d'Ivoire] (INHP), Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale [Kinshasa] (INRB), National Public Health Institute [Nairobi, Kenya] (NPHI), Unité de Virologie [Antananarivo, Madagascar] (IPM), Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Malawi Liverpool Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme (MLW), Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine (LSTM)-University of Liverpool-Wellcome Trust-University of Malawi, Ministère de la Santé et des Affaires Sociales du Mali [Bamako, Mali], Instituto Nacional de Saude [Maputo, Mozambique] (INS), Centre de Recherche Médicale et Sanitaire (Niamey, Niger) (CERMES), Nigeria Centre for Disease Control [Abuja, Nigeria] (NCDC), Institut Pasteur de Dakar, National Reference Laboratory [Dar es Salaam, Tanzania], National Influenza Reference Laboratory [Lome, Togo], Uganda Virus Research Institute (UVRI), University of Zambia [Lusaka] (UNZA), National Institute for Communicable Diseases [Johannesburg] (NICD), and U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Subjects: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, ANISE, Epidemiology, Population, Psychological intervention, Total population, 030312 virology, Laboratory testing, 03 medical and health sciences, Severe acute respiratory infection, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Surveys and Questionnaires, Environmental health, Influenza, Human, medicine, Humans, education, Pandemics, Respiratory Tract Infections, 0303 health sciences, education.field_of_study, [SDV.MHEP.ME]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, Descriptive statistics, business.industry, capacity, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, [SDV.BBM.BM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Molecular biology, Original Articles, 3. Good health, System characteristics, Infectious Diseases, Africa, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, surveillance, Original Article, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, business, influenza
Abstract: International audience; BackgroundInfluenza surveillance helps time prevention and control interventions especially where complex seasonal patterns exist. We assessed influenza surveillance sustainability in Africa where influenza activity varies and external funds for surveillance have decreased.MethodsWe surveyed African Network for Influenza Surveillance and Epidemiology (ANISE) countries about 2011-2017 surveillance system characteristics. Data were summarized with descriptive statistics and analyzed with univariate and multivariable analyses to quantify sustained or expanded influenza surveillance capacity in Africa.ResultsEighteen (75%) of 24 ANISE members participated in the survey; their cumulative population of 710 751 471 represent 56% of Africa's total population. All 18 countries scored a mean 95% on WHO laboratory quality assurance panels. The number of samples collected from severe acute respiratory infection case-patients remained consistent between 2011 and 2017 (13 823 vs 13 674 respectively) but decreased by 12% for influenza-like illness case-patients (16 210 vs 14 477). Nine (50%) gained capacity to lineage-type influenza B. The number of countries reporting each week to WHO FluNet increased from 15 (83%) in 2011 to 17 (94%) in 2017.ConclusionsDespite declines in external surveillance funding, ANISE countries gained additional laboratory testing capacity and continued influenza testing and reporting to WHO. These gains represent important achievements toward sustainable surveillance and epidemic/pandemic preparedness.
Published: 2020

15. The Genomic Impact of European Colonization of the Americas

Author: Alessandro Raveane, Shahlo Turdikulova, Donata Luiselli, Pongsakorn Wangkumhang, Marta E. Alarcón-Riquelme, Francesco Montinaro, Guido Alberto Gnecchi-Ruscone, Damir Marjanović, Mait Metspalu, Sarabjit S. Mastana, Oleg Balanovsky, Alessandro Achilli, Antonio Torroni, Lejla Kovacevic, L. A. Atramentova, Anna Olivieri, Maria Fernanda Lima-Costa, Linda Ongaro, Cristian Capelli, Toomas Kivisild, Bernardo L. Horta, Nédio Mabunda, Marilia O. Scliar, Roy J. King, Etienne Patin, Kristiina Tambets, Garrett Hellenthal, Mauricio Lima Barreto, Celia A. May, Miguel Gonzalez-Santos, Andreja Leskovac, Andrés Moreno-Estrada, Eduardo Tarazona-Santos, Alexandre C. Pereira, Rodrigo Flores, Anastasia Kouvatsi, Luca Pagani, Stefania Sarno, Elena Balanovska, Ornella Semino, Davide Marnetto, Ongaro L., Scliar M.O., Flores R., Raveane A., Marnetto D., Sarno S., Gnecchi-Ruscone G.A., Alarcon-Riquelme M.E., Patin E., Wangkumhang P., Hellenthal G., Gonzalez-Santos M., King R.J., Kouvatsi A., Balanovsky O., Balanovska E., Atramentova L., Turdikulova S., Mastana S., Marjanovic D., Mulahasanovic L., Leskovac A., Lima-Costa M.F., Pereira A.C., Barreto M.L., Horta B.L., Mabunda N., May C.A., Moreno-Estrada A., Achilli A., Olivieri A., Semino O., Tambets K., Kivisild T., Luiselli D., Torroni A., Capelli C., Tarazona-Santos E., Metspalu M., Pagani L., Montinaro F., Institute of Genomics [Tartu, Estonia], University of Tartu, Universidade de São Paulo = University of São Paulo (USP), Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie 'Lazzaro Spallanzani' = Department of Biology and Biotechnology [Univ di Pavia] (DBB UNIPV), Università degli Studi di Pavia = University of Pavia (UNIPV), Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History (MPI-SHH), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Reearch (GENYO), Génétique Evolutive Humaine - Human Evolutionary Genetics, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University College of London [London] (UCL), University of Oxford, Stanford University School of Medicine [CA, USA], Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS), V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National University (KhNU), Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry [Tashkent, Uzbekistan], Academy of Sciences of Republic of Uzbekistan, Loughborough University, International Burch University [Sarajevo], University of Belgrade [Belgrade], Fundação Oswaldo Cruz / Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Universidade Federal de Pelotas = Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), Instituto Nacional de Saude [Maputo, Mozambique] (INS), University of Leicester, National Laboratory of Genomics for Biodiversity (LANGEBIO), Centro de Investigacion y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV), Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie 'L. Spallanzani', Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), University of Bologna/Università di Bologna, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais [Belo Horizonte] (UFMG), University of São Paulo (USP), Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie ‘Lazzaro Spallanzani’, University of Pavia, University of Pavia, BIGEA, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum – University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Oxford [Oxford], Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), and University of Bologna
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, admixture history of the America, Human genetic variation, Colonialism, Atlantic Slave Trade, Gene flow, 0302 clinical medicine, Colonization, European colonization, African Continental Ancestry Group, 0303 health sciences, Genome, Middle East, Geography, Caribbean Region, Genetic structure, Ethnology, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Atlantic slave trade, Human, MESH: Caribbean Region, Gene Flow, American Native Continental Ancestry Group, Demographic history, European Continental Ancestry Group, Black People, Biology, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, White People, 03 medical and health sciences, sex-biased admixture, Humans, admixture history of the Americas, MESH: Gene Flow, MESH: Genome, Human, American Indian or Alaska Native, 030304 developmental biology, MESH: Central America, MESH: Humans, [SDV.GEN.GPO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], Central America, North America, South America, Genome, Human, MESH: South America, MESH: North America, 030104 developmental biology, [SDV.GEN.GH]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Human genetics, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: The complexity of the admixture dynamics that shaped American populations is unveiled by Ongaro et al., where genetic data for more than 12,000 individuals from the continents are investigated. This study evaluates the dramatic impact of events after the colonial era, revealing a spatial and temporal heterogeneity and mirroring historical records. © 2019 Elsevier Ltd The human genetic diversity of the Americas has been affected by several events of gene flow that have continued since the colonial era and the Atlantic slave trade. Moreover, multiple waves of migration followed by local admixture occurred in the last two centuries, the impact of which has been largely unexplored. Here, we compiled a genome-wide dataset of ∼12,000 individuals from twelve American countries and ∼6,000 individuals from worldwide populations and applied haplotype-based methods to investigate how historical movements from outside the New World affected (1) the genetic structure, (2) the admixture profile, (3) the demographic history, and (4) sex-biased gene-flow dynamics of the Americas. We revealed a high degree of complexity underlying the genetic contribution of European and African populations in North and South America, from both geographic and temporal perspectives, identifying previously unreported sources related to Italy, the Middle East, and to specific regions of Africa. © 2019 Elsevier Ltd Preprint version of the article: "The genomic impact of European colonization of the Americas", posted June 28, 2019 on bioRxiv. Article is now published in Current Biology doi: [dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2019.09.076]. Published version on this repository: [http://vinar.vin.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/8654].
Published: 2019

16. Bat Astrovirus in Mozambique

Author: Hoarau, Flora, Le Minter, Gildas, Joffrin, Léa, Schoeman, M. Corrie, Lagadec, Erwan, Ramasindrazana, Beza, Dos Santos, Andréa, Goodman, Steven, Gudo, Eduardo, Mavingui, Patrick, Lebarbenchon, Camille, Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical (PIMIT), Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IRD-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal [Durban, Afrique du Sud] (UKZN), Association Vahatra [Antananarivo, Madagascar], Eduardo Mondlane University, Field Museum of Natural History [Chicago, USA], Instituto nacional de saude [Lisbon, Portugal], Field research was funded by the ‘Partenariat Mozambique-Réunion dans la recherche en santé: pour une approche intégrée d’étude des maladies infectieuses à risque épidémique (MoZaR)’ (Fond Européen de Développement Régional, Programme Opérationnel de Coopération Territoriale) and by the ‘Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique’ (Projets Exploratoires Premier Soutien BATMAN). Molecular analyses were funded by tutorship institutions of the UMR PIMIT. LJ is supported by a ‘Région Réunion, European Regional Development Funds (FEDER 2014-2020)’ PhD fellowship. BR’s post-doctoral fellowship was supported by the ‘Run Emerge’ European Union’s Seventh Framework Program (FP7/2007–2013, Grant agreement NO 263958), the ‘Fonds de Coopération Régionale, Prefecture de La Réunion’ and The Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, through the Ralph and Marian Falk Medical Research Trust. CL is supported by a ‘Chaire mixte: Université de La Réunion – INSERM’., We thank Koussay Dellagi and Hervé Pascalis for the development and the management of the ‘partenariat Mozambique-Réunion dans la recherche en santé: pour une approche intégrée d’étude des maladies infectieuses à risque épidémique (MoZaR)’ research program., European Project: 263958,EC:FP7:REGPOT,FP7-REGPOT-2010-1,RUN-EMERGE(2011), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IRD-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de La Réunion (UR), University of KwaZulu-Natal (UKZN), Solofoharivelo, Marie Chrystine, and Supporting the research potential on emerging infectious diseases in La Réunion Island, an EU outermost region in the South-Western Indian Ocean - RUN-EMERGE - - EC:FP7:REGPOT2011-01-15 - 2015-01-14 - 263958 - VALID
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, animal structures, Genes, Viral, Short Report, Mayotte, Zoology, Triaenops afer, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Animal Diseases, lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases, Mammastrovirus, 03 medical and health sciences, Astroviridae Infections, Chiroptera, Virology, East africa, Madagascar, Animals, [SDV.EE.SANT] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Health, lcsh:RC109-216, Phylogeny, Mozambique, [SDV.MP.VIR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, [SDV.EE.SANT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Health, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, [SDV.BA.MVSA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Veterinary medicine and animal Health, Phylogenetic tree, biology, business.industry, [SDV.BA.MVSA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Veterinary medicine and animal Health, Interspecific competition, biology.organism_classification, Biological materials, 3. Good health, 030104 developmental biology, Infectious Diseases, Pteropus seychellensis, Archipelago, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, Bat astroviruses, Astroviridae, RNA, Viral, Livestock, business
Abstract: Astroviruses (AstVs) are responsible for infection of a large diversity of mammalian and avian species, including bats, aquatic birds, livestock and humans. We investigated AstVs circulation in bats in Mozambique and Mayotte, a small island in the Comoros Archipelago located between east Africa and Madagascar. Biological material was collected from 338 bats and tested for the presence of the AstV RNA-dependent RNA-polymerase gene with a pan-AstV semi-nested polymerase chain reaction assay. None of the 79 samples obtained from Mayotte bats (Pteropus seychellensis comorensis and Chaerephon pusillus) tested positive; however, 20.1% of bats sampled in Mozambique shed AstVs at the time of sampling and significant interspecific variation in the proportion of positive bats was detected. Many AstVs sequences obtained from a given bat species clustered in different phylogenetic lineages, while others seem to reflect some level of host-virus association, but also with AstVs previously reported from Malagasy bats. Our findings support active circulation of a large diversity of AstVs in bats in the western Indian Ocean islands, including the southeastern African coast, and highlight the need for more detailed assessment of its risk of zoonotic transmission to human populations. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12985-018-1011-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Published: 2018

17. Seroepidemiological Studies of Arboviruses in Africa

Author: Eduardo Samo, Gudo, S, Ali, V S, António, I R, Chelene, I, Chongo, M, Demanou, K, Falk, O C, Guiliche, N, Heinrich, V, Monteiro, A F, Muianga, J, Oludele, F, Mula, F, Mutuku, N, Amade, P, Alho, E, Betsem, Z, Chimbuinhe, A J, Cristovam, G, Galano, A, Gessain, E, Harris, M, Heise, F, Inalda, I, Jala, E, Jaszi, C, King, U, Kitron, B M, Kümmerer, A D, LaBeaud, N, Lagerqvist, G, Malai, M, Mazelier, S, Mendes, D, Mukoko, B, Ndenga, R, Njouom, G, Pinto, A, Tivane, D M, Vu, J, Vulule, Instituto Nacional de Saude [Maputo, Mozambique] (INS), Centre Pasteur du Cameroun, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Karolinska Institutet [Stockholm], Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU), Technical University of Mombasa, Université de Yaoundé I, Epidémiologie et Physiopathologie des Virus Oncogènes (EPVO (UMR_3569 / U-Pasteur_3)), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Pemba Provincial Hospital, Direccao Provincial de Maputo, University of California [Berkeley] (UC Berkeley), University of California (UC), University of North Carolina [Chapel Hill] (UNC), University of North Carolina System (UNC), Khon Kaen University [Thailand] (KKU), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [Atlanta] (CDC), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Case Western Reserve University [Cleveland], Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Stanford School of Medicine [Stanford], Stanford Medicine, Stanford University-Stanford University, Polana Caniço General Hospital Mozambique, Nampula Central Hospital, and Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)
Subjects: MESH: Humans, MESH: Seroepidemiologic Studies, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Arbovirus Infections, Seroprevalence of emerging viruses in Africa, MESH: Africa, Antibodies, Viral, Seroepidemiologic Studies, Prospective studies of emerging virus transmission in Africa, MESH: Arboviruses, Africa, MESH: Arbovirus Infections, Animals, Humans, Molecular surveillance of emerging viruses in Africa, Differential diagnosis, MESH: Animals, Virology in Africa, Arboviruses, MESH: Antibodies, Viral
Abstract: International audience; The literature on sero-epidemiological studies of flaviviral infections in the African continent is quite scarce. Much of the viral epidemiology studies have been focussing on diseases such as HIV/AIDS because of their sheer magnitude and impact on the lives of people in the various affected countries. Increasingly disease outbreaks caused by arboviruses such as the recent cases of chikungunya virus, dengue virus and yellow fever virus have prompted renewed interest in studying these viruses. International agencies from the US, several EU nations and China are starting to build collaborations to build capacity in many African countries together with established institutions to conduct these studies. The Tofo Advanced Study Week (TASW) was established to bring the best scientists from the world to the tiny seaside town of Praia do Tofo to rub shoulders with African virologists and discuss cutting-edge science and listen to the work of researchers in the field. In 2015 the 1st TASW focussed on Ebola virus. The collections of abstracts from participants at the 2nd TASW which focused on Dengue and Zika virus as well as presentations on other arboviruses are collated in this chapter.
Published: 2018

18. Drug-Resistant Polymorphisms and Copy Numbers in Plasmodium falciparum, Mozambique, 2015

Author: Sonia Enosse, Quique Bassat, Eva De Carvalho, Marian Warsame, Pascal Ringwald, Crizolgo Salvador, Himanshu Gupta, Didier Menard, Eusebio Macete, Helder Bulo, Alfredo Mayor, Instituto de Salud Global - Institute For Global Health [Barcelona] (ISGlobal), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona Centre for International Health Research, Hospital Clinic (CRESIB), Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça [Maputo, Mozambique] (CISM), Instituto Nacional de Saude [Maputo, Mozambique] (INS), Organisation Mondiale de la Santé / World Health Organization Office (OMS / WHO), Malaria Molecular Epidemiology, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Institut Pasteur [Paris], Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Hospital Sant Joan de Déu [Barcelona], We thank the World Health Organization for providing the funds for this study, as well as the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (PI13/01478 cofunded by the Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional, and CES10/021-I3SNS) to A.M. A.M. is also supported by the Departament d’Universitats i Recerca de la Generalitat de Catalunya, Agència de Gestió d'Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca (2014SGR263). H.G. has a fellowship from the Overseas Postdoctoral Fellowship program by the Science and Engineering Research Board, Department of Science & Technology, Government of India (SB/OS/PDF-043/2015-16). The Centro de Investigaçao em Saude de Manhica receives major core funding from the Spanish Agency for International Cooperation. ISGlobal is a member of the CERCA Programme, Generalitat de Catalunya., Malaria Molecular Epidemiology (MMEU), and Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Epidemiology, medicine.medical_treatment, vector-borne infections, lcsh:Medicine, Drug resistance, plasmepsin2, 0302 clinical medicine, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Artemisinin, Malaria, Falciparum, Mozambique, MESH: Plasmodium falciparum, K13, MESH: Malaria, Falciparum, Drug-Resistant Polymorphisms and Copy Numbers in Plasmodium falciparum, Mozambique, 2015, 3. Good health, Infectious Diseases, MESH: Drug Resistance, MESH: DNA Copy Number Variations, medicine.drug, Microbiology (medical), DNA Copy Number Variations, Sulfadoxine, MESH: Mozambique, 030106 microbiology, 030231 tropical medicine, Plasmodium falciparum, malaria, Dihydroartemisinin, Biology, parasites, lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases, 03 medical and health sciences, Antimalarials, Piperaquine, copy number, parasitic diseases, MESH: Polymorphism, Genetic, medicine, Humans, lcsh:RC109-216, [SDV.MP.PAR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, antimicrobial resistance, Alleles, Polymorphism, Genetic, MESH: Humans, Research, MESH: Alleles, lcsh:R, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Moçambic, Virology, MESH: Antimalarials, Pyrimethamine, polymorphisms, Malaria
Abstract: One of the fundamental steps toward malaria control is the use of antimalarial drugs. The success of antimalarial treatment can be affected by the presence of drug-resistant populations of Plasmodium falciparum. To assess resistance, we used molecular methods to examine 351 P. falciparum isolates collected from 4 sentinel sites in Mozambique for K13, pfmdr1, pfcrt, and pfdhps polymorphisms and for plasmepsin2 (pfpm2) and pfmdr1 copy numbers. We found multiple copies of pfpm2 in 1.1% of isolates. All isolates carried K13 wild-type alleles (3D7-like), except 4 novel polymorphisms (Leu619Leu, Phe656Ile, Val666Val, Gly690Gly). Prevalence of isolates with pfcrt mutant (K76T) allele was low (2.3%). Prevalence of isolates with pfdhps mutant alleles (A437G and K540E) was >80%, indicating persistence of sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine resistance; however, markers of artemisinin were absent, and markers of piperaquine resistance were low. Piperaquine resistance isolates may spread in Mozambique as dihydroartemisinin/piperaquine drug pressure increases.
Published: 2018

19. Convergence of Genes and Cellular Pathways Dysregulated in Autism Spectrum Disorders

Author: Joana Almeida, Christian R. Marshall, Hakon Hakonarson, Bárbara Oliveira, Anthony J. Griswold, Jacob A. S. Vorstman, Bhooma Thiruvahindrapuram, Suma Jacob, Judith Conroy, Alistair T. Pagnamenta, Christelle Cabrol, Jeremy R. Parr, Daniel H. Geschwind, Nancy J. Minshew, Xiao Xu, Richard Anney, Sven Bölte, Zhuozhi Wang, Emily L. Crawford, Elsa Delaby, Margaret A. Pericak-Vance, Joachim Hallmayer, Jonathan L. Haines, Dalila Pinto, Susana Mouga, Alexander Kolevzon, Elena Bacchelli, Frederico Duque, Bernie Devlin, Latha Soorya, Cátia Café, Kirsty Wing, Jennifer K. Lowe, Ana Tryfon, Stephen J. Guter, Geraldine Dawson, Tiago R. Magalhaes, Anthony J. Bailey, Michael Gill, Peter Szatmari, Steven Gallinger, Marion Pilorge, James S. Sutcliffe, Bridget A. Fernandez, Herman van Engeland, Catalina Betancur, Guiomar Oliveira, Andrew Green, Eftichia Duketis, Bernadette Rogé, Ann Le Couteur, Evdokia Anagnostou, Michelle Cotterchio, Daniele Merico, Giovanna Pellecchia, Jonathan Green, Regina Regan, Jillian P. Casey, Guiqing Cai, Gerard D. Schellenberg, Jennifer L. Howe, Elena Maestrini, Andrew D. Paterson, L. Alison McInnes, Patrick Bolton, Edwin H. Cook, Richard Delorme, Lambertus Klei, Thomas Bourgeron, Gillian Baird, Christine M. Freitag, Beth A. Dombroski, Andreas G. Chiocchetti, Sabine M. Klauck, Susan E. Folstein, Mafalda Barbosa, Anthony P. Monaco, Marion Leboyer, Nadia Bolshakova, Fritz Poustka, Richard Holt, Kerstin Wittemeyer, Wendy Roberts, Lonnie Zwaigenbaum, Louise Gallagher, Susan G. McGrew, Joseph D. Buxbaum, Graham Casey, Simon Wallace, Catherine Lord, Sean Brennan, Robert Ziman, Alison K. Merikangas, John I. Nurnberger, Christopher Gillberg, Ellen M. Wijsman, Astrid M. Vicente, Inȇs C. Conceição, Sean Ennis, Patricia Jiménez González, Hilary Coon, Raphael Bernier, John R. Gilbert, Ann P. Thompson, Susanne Thomson, Agatino Battaglia, Maretha de Jonge, Michael L. Cuccaro, Catarina Correia, Veronica J. Vieland, Stephen W. Scherer, Pauline Chaste, Departments of Psychiatry, Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai [New York] (MSSM)-Seaver Autism Center-, The Mindich Child Health & Development Institute, Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai [New York] (MSSM), Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Friedman Brain Institute, The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, The Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Neurosciences Paris Seine (NPS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Program in Genetics and Genomic Biology, Hospital for Sick Children-University of Toronto McLaughlin Centre, Trinity College Dublin-St. James's Hospital, Department of Psychiatry [Pittsburgh], University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE)-Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE), University Medical Center [Utrecht]-Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University [Hamilton, Ontario]-Offord Centre for Child Studies, Academic Centre on Rare Diseases (ACoRD), University College Dublin [Dublin] (UCD), The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics [Oxford], University of Oxford [Oxford], Instituto Nacional de Saùde Dr Ricardo Jorge [Portugal] (INSA), McLaughlin Centre, University of Toronto, BioFIG, Center for Biodiversity, Functional and Integrative Genomics, Department of Neurology, University of California [Los Angeles] (UCLA), University of California-University of California-David Geffen School of Medicine [Los Angeles], University of California-University of California, Fisico-Quimica Biologica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami [Coral Gables], Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania [Philadelphia], Department of Pathology, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine [Nashville], Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics and Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University [Nashville]-Centers for Human Genetics Research and Molecular Neuroscience, Division of Molecular Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center - Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum [Heidelberg] (DKFZ), Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), Familial Gastrointestinal Cancer Registry, Mount Sinai Hospital [Toronto, Canada] (MSH), Prevention & Cancer Control, Cancer Care Ontario, Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California (USC), Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, School of Education, University of Birmingham [Birmingham], University of Oxford [Oxford]-Warneford Hospital, Octogone Unité de Recherche Interdisciplinaire (Octogone), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Autism Research Unit, The Hospital for sick children [Toronto] (SickKids)-University of Toronto, Unidade de Neurodesenvolvimento e Autismo (UNDA), Hospital Pediatrico de Coimbra, Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Science, University of Coimbra [Portugal] (UC), Vanderbilt University [Nashville], Center for Autism and the Developing Brain (CADB), Weill Medical College of Cornell University [New York], Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale (IMRB), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-IFR10, Service de psychiatrie, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Henri Mondor-Hôpital Albert Chenevier, Institute of Health and Society, Newcastle University [Newcastle], Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Newcastle University [Newcastle]-Institute of Health & Society (Child & Adolescent Psychiatry), Child Developmental and Behavioral Unit, Hospital Nacional de Niños Dr Sáenz Herrera, Institute for Juvenile Research-University of Illinois [Chicago] (UIC), University of Illinois System-University of Illinois System, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Gillberg Neuropsychiatry Centre [Göteborg, Sueden], Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology [Göteborg]-University of Gothenburg (GU), Institute of Child Health, University College of London [London] (UCL), Memorial University of Newfoundland [St. John's], Disciplines of Genetics and Medicine, Génétique Humaine et Fonctions Cognitives, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, King‘s College London, Institute of psychiatry, University of Washington [Seattle], Paediatric Neurodisability, King‘s College London-King's Health Partners, MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre (SGDP), King‘s College London-The Institute of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia (UBC), Bloorview Research Institute, Division of Medical Genetics [Seattle], Departments of Biostatistics and Medicine, Battelle Center for Mathematical Medicine, Ohio State University [Columbus] (OSU)-Nationwide Children's Hospital, Institute of Neuroscience [Newcastle] (ION), Institutes of Neuroscience and Health and Society, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indiana University System-Indiana University System, The Center for Applied Genomics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP ), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania [Philadelphia]-University of Pennsylvania [Philadelphia]-Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP ), Utah Autism Research Program, University of Utah Psychiatry Department, University of Miami School of Medicine, Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris [Pisa], Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences [Stanford], Stanford Medicine, Stanford University-Stanford University, Stanford School of Medicine [Stanford], Institute for Juvenile Research, University of Illinois [Chicago] (UIC), Department of Neuroscience, Main funders of the Autism Genome Project: Autism Speaks (USA), the Health Research Board (Ireland, AUT/2006/1, AUT/2006/2, PD/2006/48), the Medical Research Council (UK), the Hilibrand Foundation (USA), Genome Canada, the Ontario Genomics Institute, and the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR), Autism Genome Project Consortium, Neuroscience Paris Seine (NPS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Oxford, University of California (UC)-University of California (UC)-David Geffen School of Medicine [Los Angeles], University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), University of Pennsylvania, University of Oxford-Warneford Hospital, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IFR10-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Memorial University of Newfoundland = Université Memorial de Terre-Neuve [St. John's, Canada] (MUN), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Pennsylvania-University of Pennsylvania-Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP ), Betancur, Catalina, Instituto Nacional de Saude Dr Ricardo Jorge, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro [Rio de Janeiro] (UFRJ), Laboratoire Analyse et Modélisation pour la Biologie et l'Environnement (LAMBE - UMR 8587), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Cergy Pontoise (UCP), Université Paris-Seine-Université Paris-Seine-Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), Mount Sinai Hospital (MSH), University of Toronto-The Hospital for Sick Children, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Hôpital Henri Mondor-Hôpital Albert Chenevier, Gillberg Neuropsychiatry Centre, University of Gothenburg (GU), Stanford University Medical School, Stanford University School of Medicine [Stanford], Stanford University [Stanford], Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT), Pinto D, Delaby E, Merico D, Barbosa M, Merikangas A, Klei L, Thiruvahindrapuram B, Xu X, Ziman R, Wang Z, Vorstman JA, Thompson A, Regan R, Pilorge M, Pellecchia G, Pagnamenta AT, Oliveira B, Marshall CR, Magalhaes TR, Lowe JK, Howe JL, Griswold AJ, Gilbert J, Duketis E, Dombroski BA, De Jonge MV, Cuccaro M, Crawford EL, Correia CT, Conroy J, Conceição IC, Chiocchetti AG, Casey JP, Cai G, Cabrol C, Bolshakova N, Bacchelli E, Anney R, Gallinger S, Cotterchio M, Casey G, Zwaigenbaum L, Wittemeyer K, Wing K, Wallace S, van Engeland H, Tryfon A, Thomson S, Soorya L, Rogé B, Roberts W, Poustka F, Mouga S, Minshew N, McInnes LA, McGrew SG, Lord C, Leboyer M, Le Couteur AS, Kolevzon A, Jiménez González P, Jacob S, Holt R, Guter S, Green J, Green A, Gillberg C, Fernandez BA, Duque F, Delorme R, Dawson G, Chaste P, Café C, Brennan S, Bourgeron T, Bolton PF, Bölte S, Bernier R, Baird G, Bailey AJ, Anagnostou E, Almeida J, Wijsman EM, Vieland VJ, Vicente AM, Schellenberg GD, Pericak-Vance M, Paterson AD, Parr JR, Oliveira G, Nurnberger JI, Monaco AP, Maestrini E, Klauck SM, Hakonarson H, Haines JL, Geschwind DH, Freitag CM, Folstein SE, Ennis S, Coon H, Battaglia A, Szatmari P, Sutcliffe JS, Hallmayer J, Gill M, Cook EH, Buxbaum JD, Devlin B, Gallagher L, Betancur C, and Scherer SW.
Subjects: Male, INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY, pathways, Genome-wide association study, [SDV.GEN] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics, Bioinformatics, DUPLICATIONS, Intellectual disability, Gene Regulatory Networks, Genetics(clinical), Copy-number variation, 10. No inequality, Child, GDI1, Genetics (clinical), Sequence Deletion, COPY NUMBER VARIANTS, Genetics, gene networks, Copy Number Variation, 3. Good health, Pedigree, Fragile X syndrome, Multigene Family, Female, Metabolic Networks and Pathways, de novo, DNA Copy Number Variations, autism, Biology, rare CNV, PHENOTYPE ONTOLOGY, Article, Structural variation, mental disorders, medicine, Humans, ddc:610, FRAGILE-X-SYNDROME, GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION, Gene, [SDV.GEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics, HDAC4, SETD5, medicine.disease, CHD2, inherited, STRUCTURAL VARIATION, DELETIONS, DE-NOVO MUTATIONS, Child Development Disorders, Pervasive, Autism
Abstract: International audience; Rare copy-number variation (CNV) is an important source of risk for autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). We analyzed 2,446 ASD-affected families and confirmed an excess of genic deletions and duplications in affected versus control groups (1.41-fold, p = 1.0 × 10(-5)) and an increase in affected subjects carrying exonic pathogenic CNVs overlapping known loci associated with dominant or X-linked ASD and intellectual disability (odds ratio = 12.62, p = 2.7 × 10(-15), ∼3% of ASD subjects). Pathogenic CNVs, often showing variable expressivity, included rare de novo and inherited events at 36 loci, implicating ASD-associated genes (CHD2, HDAC4, and GDI1) previously linked to other neurodevelopmental disorders, as well as other genes such as SETD5, MIR137, and HDAC9. Consistent with hypothesized gender-specific modulators, females with ASD were more likely to have highly penetrant CNVs (p = 0.017) and were also overrepresented among subjects with fragile X syndrome protein targets (p = 0.02). Genes affected by de novo CNVs and/or loss-of-function single-nucleotide variants converged on networks related to neuronal signaling and development, synapse function, and chromatin regulation.
Published: 2014
Full Text: View/download PDF

20. Temporal Patterns of Influenza A and B in Tropical and Temperate Countries: What Are the Lessons for Influenza Vaccination?

Author: Marietjie Venter, Juan Yang, Simona Puzelli, Antonino Bella, Joshua A. Mott, Rodrigo Fasce, Coulibaly Daouda, Jenny Lara, Hongjie Yu, Winston Andrade, Selim Badur, Cláudio Maierovitch Pessanha Henriques, François G. Schellevis, Jean-Michel Heraud, Akerke Ospanova, Sonam Wangchuk, Brechla Moreno, Herve A. Kadjo, Raymond T. P. Lin, Juan Manuel Rudi, Walquiria Aparecida Ferreira de Almeida, Gabriela Kusznierz, Joseph S. Bresee, Cheryl Cohen, Mai thi Quynh Le, Rhonda Owen, Maria Zambon, Maria Luisa Matute, Kunzang Dorji, Kate Pennington, Global Influenza B Study, Herman Kosasih, Nurhayati, Alla Mironenko, Ming Li, Angel Balmaseda, Alexey Clara, Alfredo Bruno, Richard Njouom, Phuong Vu Mai Hoang, Ana Paula Rodrigues, Celina de Lozano, Luzhao Feng, Olha Holubka, Amal Barakat, Lyazzat Kiyanbekova, Norosoa Harline Razanajatovo, Saverio Caini, Meral Akcay Ciblak, Raquel Guiomar, Richard Pebody, Leticia Castillo, Gideon O. Emukule, Liza Lopez, Doménica de Mora, Jeffery Cutter, Q. Sue Huang, Marie-Astrid Vernet, Abderrahman Bimohuen, John Paget, Lynnette Brammer, General practice, EMGO - Quality of care, Netherlands Institute for Health Services Research, Instituto de Salud Pública de Chile (ISP), Istanbul University, Ministry of Health [Nicaragua] (MINSA), Ministry of Health [Morocco], Istituto Superiore di Sanita [Rome], Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [Atlanta] (CDC), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Instituto Nacional de Investigación en Salud Pública [Guayaquil, Ecuador] (INSPI), Ministerio de Salud Publica y Asistencia Social [Guatemala] (MSPAS), US Centers for Disease Control, University of the Witwatersrand [Johannesburg] (WITS), Ministry of Health, Institut Pasteur de Côte d'Ivoire, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Ministerio de Salud de El Salvador (MINSAL), Ministry of Health [Bhoutan], US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Instituto nacional de saude, Unité de Virologie [Antananarivo, Madagascar] (IPM), Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Institute of Environmental Science and Research (ESR), Astana Center of Sanitary Epidemiology Expertise, US Naval Medical Research Unit n°2, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias 'Dr. Emilio Coni', Ministry of Health [Costa Rica], National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology [Hanoi, Vietnam] (NIHE), Ministry of Health [Honduras] (SESAL), National Influenza Center, Centre Pasteur du Cameroun, Office of Health Protection, Woden, ACT, Australia (DHAISS), Public Health England [London], National Institute of Health, University of Pretoria [South Africa], The Global Influenza B Study is supported by an unrestricted research grant from Sanofi Pasteur. The study sponsor had no role in the design of the study, in the collection, analysis, and interpretation of data, in the writing of the report, and and in the decision to submit the paper for publication. The corresponding author had full access to all the data in the study and had final responsibility for the decision to submit for publication. The study sponsor had no access to the data in the study.
Subjects: Infecções Respiratórias, Influenza Viruses, Epidemiology, Gripe, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Geographical locations, 0302 clinical medicine, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, DRIVERS, Estados de Saúde, Public and Occupational Health, SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA, lcsh:Science, MESH: Influenza B virus, Northern Hemisphere, [SDV.MHEP.ME]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, Geography, MESH: Influenza, Human, Vaccination, virus diseases, 3. Good health, Global Influenza B Study, MESH: Tropical Climate, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, Science & Technology - Other Topics, Immunology, Disease Surveillance, SEASONAL INFLUENZA, Microbiology, Influenza Vaccin, 03 medical and health sciences, Influenza Vaccination, SURVEILLANCE, Humans, Microbial Pathogens, Retrospective Studies, MESH: Humans, Science & Technology, lcsh:R, Organisms, Correction, Influenza a, MESH: Retrospective Studies, [SDV.BBM.BM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Molecular biology, medicine.disease, Virology, Influenza, MADAGASCAR, lcsh:Q, Preventive Medicine, People and places, Demography, RNA viruses, Viral Diseases, lcsh:Medicine, medicine.disease_cause, Tropical climate, Medicine and Health Sciences, Influenza A virus, 030212 general & internal medicine, Multidisciplinary, Medical microbiology, Vaccination and Immunization, Multidisciplinary Sciences, Infectious Diseases, Viruses, Human mortality from H5N1, Southern Hemisphere, Seasons, Pathogens, Brazil, Research Article, Infectious Disease Control, General Science & Technology, 030231 tropical medicine, MESH: Influenza A virus, Healthcare improvement science Radboud Institute for Health Sciences [Radboudumc 18], MD Multidisciplinary, Influenza, Human, Temperate climate, medicine, Tropical Climate, Biology and life sciences, business.industry, Other Research Radboud Institute for Health Sciences [Radboudumc 0], Viral pathogens, Tropics, MESH: Vaccination, South America, Seasonality, Earth sciences, Influenza B virus, Infectious Disease Surveillance, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, business, Geographic areas, MESH: Seasons, Orthomyxoviruses
Abstract: Erratum in - Correction: Temporal Patterns of Influenza A and B in Tropical and Temperate Countries: What Are the Lessons for Influenza Vaccination? PLoS One. 2016 May 2;11(5):e0155089. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155089. Introduction: Determining the optimal time to vaccinate is important for influenza vaccination programmes. Here, we assessed the temporal characteristics of influenza epidemics in the Northern and Southern hemispheres and in the tropics, and discuss their implications for vaccination programmes. Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of surveillance data between 2000 and 2014 from the Global Influenza B Study database. The seasonal peak of influenza was defined as the week with the most reported cases (overall, A, and B) in the season. The duration of seasonal activity was assessed using the maximum proportion of influenza cases during three consecutive months and the minimum number of months with 80% of cases in the season. We also assessed whether co-circulation of A and B virus types affected the duration of influenza epidemics. Results: 212 influenza seasons and 571,907 cases were included from 30 countries. In tropical countries, the seasonal influenza activity lasted longer and the peaks of influenza A and B coincided less frequently than in temperate countries. Temporal characteristics of influenza epidemics were heterogeneous in the tropics, with distinct seasonal epidemics observed only in some countries. Seasons with co-circulation of influenza A and B were longer than influenza A seasons, especially in the tropics. Discussion: Our findings show that influenza seasonality is less well defined in the tropics than in temperate regions. This has important implications for vaccination programmes in these countries. High-quality influenza surveillance systems are needed in the tropics to enable decisions about when to vaccinate. The Global Influenza B Study is supported by an unrestricted research grant from Sanofi Pasteur. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Published: 2016

21. Enabling the genomic revolution in Africa

Author: Anh Quynh Nguyen, Daniel T. Lackland, Gustave Simo, Oumar Samassekou, Lukman Owolabi, Faisal M. Fadlelmola, Matthias Kretzler, Victoria Adabayeri, Jeffrey B. Kopp, Mary T Mayige, Mark S. Guyer, Charlotte Osafo, Nigel J. Crowther, Winston Hide, Eyitayo Fakunle, Guillaume Paré, Issa Sidibe, Bamidele O. Tayo, Manmak Mamven, Stephen Tollman, Christian T. Happi, Anne Fischer, James A. G. Whitworth, Andrew Tareila, Moses Joloba, Kristian G. Andersen, Odile Ouwe Missi Oukem-Boyer, Paul L. Kimmel, Thuli Mthiyane, Anita Ghansah, Sylvester Leonard Lyantagaye, T O Olanrewaju, John Enyaru, Kwamena W. Sagoe, Maia Lesosky, Neil A. Hanchard, Rita T. Lawlor, Ellis Owusu-Dabo, Eileen Obe, Shiksha Reddy, Margaret B. Penno., Rembert Pieper, Maria Y. Giovanni, Louise Wideroff, Yasmina Jaufeerally-Fakim, Marape Marape, Stacy Carrington-Lawrence, Oyekanmi Nash, Dwomoa Adu, Rebekah S. Rasooly, Rajkumar Ramesar, Mukthar Kader, Carolyn Jenkins, Simani Gaseitsiwe, Michèle Ramsay, Betty Nsangi, Olukemi K. Amodu, Mark P. Nicol, Adeodata Kekitiinwa, Thomas Lehner, Nzovu Ulenga, Saidi Kapiga, Victor Jongeneel, Gebregziabher Mulugeta, Nathan L. Yozwiak, Gabriel Anabwani, Solomon F. Ofori-Acquah, Misaki Wayengera, Rasheed Bakare, Marianne Alberts, Jantina de Vries, Robert F. Garry, Marsha Treadwell, Robert Kleta, Eugene Sobngwi, Ezra Susser, Mo Nagdee, Carmen Swanepoel, Osman Sankoh, Masego Tsimako-Johnstone, Godfred Tangwa, Zané Lombard, Darren P. Martin, Donald S. Grant, Bernard Keavney, Mahamadou Traoré, Ahmed El Sayed, Seth O. McLigeyo, Charles Mondo, Dan J. Stein, Özlem Tastan Bishop, Jane Peterson, Ute Jentsch, Moffat Nyirenda, Charles N. Rotimi, Shane A. Norris, Chengetai R. Mahomva., Gobena Ameni, Sheryl A. McCurdy, M Boehnke, Sally N Akarolo-Anthony, Oumou Sow Bah, Muntaser E. Ibrahim, Ishmael Kasvosve, Dean Everett, Kathleen Kahn, S.W.O. Ogendo, Abraham Oduro, Cheryl A. Winkler, Robin Mason, Orlando Alonso Betancourt, Hugh-G. Patterton, Heather J. Zar, John Oli, Audrey Duncanson, Daouda Ndiaye, Alan Christoffels, Adebowale Adeyemo, Kenneth H. Fischbeck, Manjinder S. Sandhu, Kwaku Ohene-Frempong, Samuel Ajayi, Chester W. Brown, Godfred Agongo, Tunde Salako, Ablo Prudence Wachinou, Gasnat Shaboodien, Pardis C. Sabeti, Jean Claude Mbanya, Peter Donkor, Dieuodonne Mumba, Heather J. Cordell, Sarah Winnicki, Reginald Obiakor, Fourie Joubert, Samar K. Kassim, Mark I. McCarthy, Scott Hazelhurst, Pontiano Kaleebu, Richard S. Cooper, Jennifer L. Troyer, Hermann Sorgho, Oyedunni Arulogun, Ravnit Grewal, Bongani M. Mayosi, Jacob Plange-Rhule, Christiane Hertz-Fowler, Alia Benkahla, Okechukwu S Ogah, Akin Abayomi, Mayowa O. Owolabi, Mark E Engel, Rufus Akinyemi, Ezekiel Adebiyi, Alash'le Abimiku, John Chisi, Patricia A. Marshall, Bruce Ovbiagele, Catherine Kyobutungi, Ambroise Wonkam, Vincent Tukei, David T. Burke, Fred Stephen Sarfo, Andrew Owen, Julie Makani, Leslie Derr, Mary Claire King, Nicki Tiffin, Vincent Boima, Barrington G. Burnett, Martin Simuunza, Christine Beiswanger, Nicola Mulder, Ekaete Tobin, Katherine Littler, Frank C. Brosius, Rulan S. Parekh, Halidou Tinto, Talishiea Croxton, Onikepe A. Folarin, Seydou Doumbia, Parham Goesbeck, Salina P. Waddy, Andrew Brooks, Marva Moxey-Mims, Guida Landouré, Marie Sarr, Martin R. Pollak, Akinlolu O. Ojo, Danny Asogun, Beverley van Rooyen, Clement Adebamowo, Jeanne F. Loring, Naomi S. Levitt, Jonathan K. Kayondo, Nadia Carstens, John V. Moran, F. Xavier Gómez-Olivé, John Musuku, Enock Matovu, Ifeoma Ulasi, Alisha N. Wade, Regina James, Ebony B. Madden, Liam Smeeth, Friedhelm Hilderbrandt, James Brandful, Chisomo L. Msefula, Christopher Hugo-Hamman, Annette MacLeod, Lara Bethke, Judit Kumuthini, Julia Puzak, Mengistu Tadase Yewondwossen, Sudha Srinivasan, Sheik Humarr Khan, Daniel K. Masiga, Mathurin Koffi, Oathokwa Nkomazana, Sununguko Wata Mpoloka, Fatiu A Arogundade, Dissou Affolabi, Ahmed M. Alzohairy, Ayesha A. Motala, Pan Pan Jiang, Adebowale D. Ademola, Ana Olga Mocumbi, Samuel Kyobe, Graeme Mardon, Albert Akpalu, Karen A. Lacourciere, Himla Soodyall, Branwen J. Hennig, Bruno Bucheton, Naby Balde, Michael Mate-Kole, Alexander K. Nyarko, Helen McIlleron, Mary Lynn Baniecki, Ivy Ekem, Corrine Merle, Rasheed Gbadegesin, Junaid Gamieldien, Makerere University [Kampala, Ouganda] (MAK), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), University of Malawi, University of Liverpool, Université Jean Lorougnon Guédé (UJloG ), University of Glasgow, Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale [Kinshasa] (INRB), Centre international de recherche-développement sur l'élevage en zone sub-humide (CIRDES), Université de Dschang, University of Zambia [Lusaka] (UNZA), University of Cape Town, University of Nairobi (UoN), Instituto Nacional de Saude [Maputo, Mozambique] (INS), Windhoek Central Hospital [Namibie], University College Hospital [Ibadan, Nigeria], Alzaiem Alazhari University [Soudan] (AAU-Sudan), Mulago Hospital [Kampala, Ouganda], Newcastle University [Newcastle], McMaster University [Hamilton, Ontario], University of Manchester [Manchester], Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine [Durban, South Africa] (NRMSM), University of KwaZulu-Natal (UKZN), University of Yaoundé [Cameroun], Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia (MRC), Hôpital Donka, Ministère de la Santé [Conakry, Guinea], Malawi Liverpool Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme (MLW), Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine (LSTM)-University of Liverpool-Wellcome Trust-University of Malawi, University of Nigeria, Institute of Human Virology [Nigeria] (IHVN), National Institute for Medical Research [Tanzania] (NIMR), MRC/UVRI & LSHTM Uganda Research Unit, Medical Research Council-London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM)-Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia (MRC)-Uganda Virus Research Institute (UVRI), The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute [Cambridge], London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (OCDEM), University of Oxford [Oxford], The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics [Oxford], National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, and Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)
Subjects: MESH: Health, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], MEDLINE, Genomics, Genome-wide association study, Computational biology, Biology, MESH: Africa, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, MESH: England, Research capacity, MESH: Disease/genetics, MESH: United States, 030212 general & internal medicine, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, Multidisciplinary, MESH: Humans, business.industry, MESH: Genomics/trends, Biotechnology, MESH: Genome-Wide Association Study/trends, MESH: Genetics, Medical/trends, business, MESH: National Institutes of Health (U.S.)
Abstract: H3Africa is developing capacity for health-related genomics research in Africa
Published: 2014

22. Genetic relationship between five psychiatric disorders estimated from genome-wide SNPs

Author: Laura J. Scott, Bernie Devlin, Steven A. McCarroll, James S. Sutcliffe, Stefan Herms, Yunjung Kim, Richard O. Day, Thomas F. Wienker, Frank Dudbridge, I. Nicol Ferrier, Bettina Konte, Marta Ribasés, C. Robert Cloninger, Brenda W.J.H. Penninx, Detelina Grozeva, Herbert Roeyers, Peter Holmans, Colm O'Dushlaine, Scott D. Gordon, Sarah E. Bergen, Fan Meng, Morten Mattingsdal, Hugh Gurling, Ina Giegling, Gerard van Grootheest, Ania Korszun, Markus J. Schwarz, George Kirov, Sebastian Zöllner, Kenneth S. Kendler, Nicholas G. Martin, Michael Conlon O'Donovan, Michael C. Neale, Jim van Os, Aravinda Chakravarti, Timothy W. Yu, Mikael Landén, Inez Myin-Germeys, Markus M. Nöthen, Kathryn Roeder, James B. Potash, Alan W. McLean, Louise Gallagher, Anna K. Kähler, Thomas Bettecken, Nigel Williams, Frank Bellivier, Joseph D. Buxbaum, Derek W. Morris, Susan L. Smalley, Jung-Ying Tzeng, Martin Schalling, Douglas M. Ruderfer, Caroline M. Nievergelt, T. Scott Stroup, David H. Ledbetter, Jennifer Crosbie, Anita Thapar, Barbara Franke, Jeffrey A. Lieberman, Huda Akil, Miguel Casas, Daniel H. Geschwind, Paul Cormican, Bertram Müller-Myhsok, Lyudmila Georgieva, Robert Krasucki, Martin Hautzinger, Alysa E. Doyle, Cinnamon S. Bloss, Gerard D. Schellenberg, Todd Lencz, Melvin G. McInnis, Catalina Betancur, Josep Antoni Ramos-Quiroga, Stephen Sanders, Eftichia Duketis, Don H. Linszen, Matthew W. State, Richard M. Myers, Soumya Raychaudhuri, Lizzy Rossin, Howard J. Edenberg, Michael E. Goddard, S. Hong Lee, Elisabeth B. Binder, Pablo V. Gejman, William A. Scheftner, Wolfgang Maier, Judith A. Badner, Christel M. Middeldorp, Maria Helena Pinto de Azevedo, Johannes H. Smit, Willem A. Nolen, Lieuwe de Haan, Gonneke Willemsen, Keith Matthews, Ellen M. Wijsman, Jennifer K. Lowe, Rebecca McKinney, Magdalena Gross, Dorothy E. Grice, James A. Knowles, Andrew C. Heath, Jana Strohmaier, Vishwajit L. Nimgaonkar, William Byerley, William E. Bunney, Dan E. Arking, Andrew McQuillin, William M. McMahon, Manuel Mattheisen, Hans-Christoph Steinhausen, Joseph Biederman, Guy A. Rouleau, James J. McGough, Sian Caesar, Edward M. Scolnick, Lefkos T. Middleton, Jack D. Barchas, Ian B. Hickie, Danyu Lin, Patrik K. E. Magnusson, Douglas Blackwood, Francis J. McMahon, Ingrid Agartz, Elena Maestrini, Marian L. Hamshere, Lindsey Kent, Walter J. Muir, Stephan Ripke, Lydia Krabbendam, Christine Fraser, Maria Hipolito, Louise Frisén, Eric Fombonne, Emma M. Quinn, Michael Bauer, Richard P. Ebstein, Michael Steffens, Jordan W. Smoller, Stanley J. Watson, Michael Boehnke, Philip Asherson, Agatino Battaglia, Elliot S. Gershon, Russell Schachar, Marcus Ising, Peng Zhang, Margaret A. Pericak-Vance, Joachim Hallmayer, Sean Ennis, Radhika Kandaswamy, René S. Kahn, Susanne Hoefels, Thomas W. Mühleisen, Pamela Sklar, Paul Lichtenstein, Verneri Anttila, Michael L. Cuccaro, Florian Holsboer, René Breuer, Eric M. Morrow, Vinay Puri, Naomi R. Wray, Szabocls Szelinger, Sabine M. Klauck, John B. Vincent, Shrikant Mane, Aribert Rothenberger, Marion Friedl, Ian Jones, Khalid Choudhury, Michael R. Barnes, Adebayo Anjorin, Edwin H. Cook, William Lawson, Allan H. Young, Lambertus Klei, Bryan J. Mowry, Johannes Schumacher, Michael Gill, James L. Kennedy, Marcella Rietschel, Aiden Corvin, Henrik B. Rasmussen, Susmita Datta, Kimberly Chambert, Daniel Moreno-De-Luca, Benjamin S. Pickard, Stan F. Nelson, Veronica J. Vieland, Stephen W. Scherer, Peter M. Visscher, John Strauss, Andreas Reif, Andrew D. Paterson, Ann Olincy, Phoenix Kwan, Anthony J. Bailey, Patrick F. Sullivan, Pierandrea Muglia, Gunnar Morken, Susanne Lucae, Ayman H. Fanous, Jacob Lawrence, Donald J. MacIntyre, Nancy G. Buccola, Rita M. Cantor, Christina M. Hultman, Weihua Guan, Anthony P. Monaco, Jouke-Jan Hottenga, Elaine Kenny, Jianxin Shi, Dale R. Nyholt, Kevin A. McGhee, Falk W. Lohoff, Jonna Kuntsi, Niklas Långström, John I. Nurnberger, Nelson B. Freimer, Erin N. Smith, John P. Rice, Michael T. Murtha, Thomas H. Wassink, Alexandre A. Todorov, Edmund J.S. Sonuga-Barke, Dan Rujescu, Roy H. Perlis, John S. Witte, Christopher A. Walsh, Matthew C. Keller, Pamela B. Mahon, Patrick J. McGrath, Susan L. Santangelo, Annette M. Hartmann, Ole A. Andreassen, Tatiana Foroud, Shaun Purcell, Josef Frank, Douglas F. Levinson, William Coryell, Ana Miranda, Alan F. Schatzberg, Peter Szatmari, Jun Li, Gerome Breen, Stephen V. Faraone, Anil K. Malhotra, Helena Medeiros, Martin A. Kohli, Nicholas Bass, Catherine Lord, Peter Propping, Wei Xu, Federica Tozzi, Ivan Nikolov, Jan K. Buitelaar, Thomas G. Schulze, Katherine Gordon-Smith, Michele L. Pergadia, Fritz Poustka, Valentina Moskvina, David Curtis, Tobias Banaschewski, Devin Absher, Danielle Posthuma, Stanley Zammit, Gary Donohoe, Ingrid Melle, Karola Rehnström, Thomas Hansen, Myrna M. Weissman, Stanley I. Shyn, Hakon Hakonarson, Christa Lese Martin, Digby Quested, Darina Czamara, Jeremy R. Parr, Pamela A. F. Madden, Jens Treutlein, Aarno Palotie, Robert Freedman, Sandra Meier, Bru Cormand, Nicholas J. Schork, Michele T. Pato, John R. Kelsoe, Vanessa Hus, Frans G. Zitman, Josephine Elia, David St Clair, Roel A. Ophoff, Peter McGuffin, Jonathan Pimm, Jonathan L. Haines, Wiepke Cahn, Matthew Flickinger, Steven P. Hamilton, Michael John Owen, Paul D. Shilling, Jeremy M. Silverman, David Craig, Mark J. Daly, Sarah E. Medland, Robert D. Oades, Marion Leboyer, Alan R. Sanders, Vihra Milanova, Chunyu Liu, Jobst Meyer, Dorret I. Boomsma, Evaristus A. Nwulia, Thomas B. Barrett, Jennifer L. Moran, Donald W. Black, Mònica Bayés, Witte J.G. Hoogendijk, Franziska Degenhardt, Benjamin M. Neale, Daniel L. Koller, Carlos N. Pato, Nicholas John Craddock, Richard Bruggeman, Enda M. Byrne, Edward G. Jones, Eco J. C. de Geus, Stéphane Jamain, Jubao Duan, Anne Farmer, Astrid M. Vicente, Grant W. Montgomery, Thomas Werge, Cathryn M. Lewis, Srdjan Djurovic, Phil Lee, Richard Anney, Elaine K. Green, Wade H. Berrettini, Peter P. Zandi, Susan L. Slager, Stephanie H. Witt, Ian W. Craig, Lisa Jones, Sven Cichon, Bruno Etain, Mark Lathrop, Hilary Coon, Robert C. Thompson, Lena Backlund, A. Jeremy Willsey, Andres Ingason, Christine M. Freitag, Sandra K. Loo, Guiomar Oliveira, Line Olsen, Edwin J. C. G. van den Oord, Geraldine Dawson, Joseph A. Sergeant, David A. Collier, Farooq Amin, Srinivasa Thirumalai, Manfred Uhr, Joseph Piven, Andrew M. McIntosh, Anjali K. Henders, Urban Ösby, Klaus-Peter Lesch, Tiffany A. Greenwood, Interdisciplinary Centre Psychopathology and Emotion regulation (ICPE), Perceptual and Cognitive Neuroscience (PCN), Lee, S Hong, Ripke, Stephan, Neale, Benjamin M, Faraone, Stephen V, Wray, Naomi R, Cross-Disorder Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium, International Inflammatory Bowel Disease Genetics Consortium (IIBDGC), Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland [Brisbane], Massachusetts General Hospital [Boston], Harvard Medical School [Boston] (HMS), Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard (BROAD INSTITUTE), Harvard Medical School [Boston] (HMS)-Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)-Massachusetts General Hospital [Boston], SUNY Upstate Medical University, State University of New York (SUNY), Mount Sinai School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry-Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai [New York] (MSSM), Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Medical Research Council (MRC)-School of Medicine [Cardiff], Cardiff University-Institute of Medical Genetics [Cardiff]-Cardiff University-Institute of Medical Genetics [Cardiff], New South Wales Department of Primary Industries (NSW DPI), Faculty of Land and Food Resources, University of Melbourne, HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology [Huntsville, AL], Institute of Clinical Medicine [Oslo], Faculty of Medicine [Oslo], University of Oslo (UiO)-University of Oslo (UiO), Diakonhjemmet Hospital, University of Michigan [Ann Arbor], University of Michigan System, Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Institute (MBNI), University of Michigan System-University of Michigan System, Emory University [Atlanta, GA], Oslo University Hospital [Oslo], University College of London [London] (UCL), Trinity College Dublin, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine [Baltimore], MRC Social Genetic Developmental and Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, University of Coimbra [Portugal] (UC), Karolinska Institutet [Stockholm], University of Chicago, University of British Columbia (UBC), Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy [Mannheim], Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg] = Heidelberg University, Weill Medical College of Cornell University [New York], GlaxoSmithKline, Glaxo Smith Kline, Portland Veterans Administration Medical Center, Windeyer Institute for Medical Sciences, IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris [Pisa], University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus [Dresden, Germany], Technische Universität Dresden = Dresden University of Technology (TU Dresden), Centro Nacional de Analisis Genomico [Barcelona] (CNAG), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), European Network of Bipolar Research Expert Centres (ENBREC), ENBREC, Department of Psychiatry [Philadelphia], University of Pennsylvania, Physiopathologie des Maladies du Système Nerveux Central, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité de recherche Phytopharmacie et Médiateurs Chimiques (UPMC), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Massachusetts General Hospital [Boston, MA, USA], University of Iowa [Iowa City], University of Edinburgh, Royal Hospital for Sick Children [Edinburgh], The Scripps Research Institute [La Jolla, San Diego], MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre (SGDP), King‘s College London-The Institute of Psychiatry, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre (SGDP), King‘s College London, Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry [Mannhein], Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg] = Heidelberg University-Central Institute of Mental Health Mannheim, Department of Psychiatry, University of Groningen [Groningen]-University Medical Center Groningen [Groningen] (UMCG), Trinity College Dublin-St. James's Hospital, School of Nursing, Louisiana State University (LSU), Donders Center for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Donders Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Radboud University [Nijmegen]-Radboud University [Nijmegen], Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California [Irvine] (UC Irvine), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Friedman Brain Institute, Mount Sinai, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai [New York] (MSSM), Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Department of Neuroscience, Departments of Psychiatry, Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai [New York] (MSSM)-Seaver Autism Center-, The Mindich Child Health & Development Institute, Friedman Brain Institute, The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, University of California [San Francisco] (UC San Francisco), Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham [ Birmingham] (UAB), Department of Human Genetics, Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine [Los Angeles], University of California [Los Angeles] (UCLA), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC)-University of California [Los Angeles] (UCLA), McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Harvard Medical School [Boston] (HMS)-Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)-Massachusetts General Hospital [Boston]-Harvard Medical School [Boston] (HMS)-Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)-Massachusetts General Hospital [Boston], Mental Health Sciences Unit, Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, Universität Bonn = University of Bonn, Institute of Human Genetics, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Center Juelich, Academic Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Disability and Human Development, University of Illinois [Chicago] (UIC), University of Illinois System-University of Illinois System, Department of Developmental Neuroscience, Neuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group, University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami [Coral Gables], East London NHS Foundation Trust, Queen Mary University of London (QMUL), Max-Planck-Institut für Psychiatrie, Genetics Institute, Autism Speaks and the Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina [Chapel Hill] (UNC), University of North Carolina System (UNC)-University of North Carolina System (UNC), School of Neurology, Neurobiology and Psychiatry, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Medstar Research Institute, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, University of Oslo (UiO)-Institute of Clinical Medicine-Oslo University Hospital [Oslo], Deparment of Medical Genetics, Human Genetics Branch, National Institutes of Health [Bethesda] (NIH)-National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), Harvard Medical School [Boston] (HMS)-Massachusetts General Hospital [Boston], Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Chicago-NorthShore University Health System, Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Psychology Department, National University of Singapore (NUS), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indiana University System-Indiana University System, Academic Centre on Rare Diseases (ACoRD), University College Dublin [Dublin] (UCD), Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale (IMRB), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IFR10-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Service de psychiatrie, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Henri Mondor-Hôpital Albert Chenevier, Virginia Institute of Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU), University of Dundee School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan System-University of Michigan System-School of public health, The University of Hong Kong (HKU)-The University of Hong Kong (HKU), Department of Child Psychiatry, McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada]-Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University Health Center [Montreal] (MUHC)-McGill University Health Center [Montreal] (MUHC), Howard University College of Medicine, University of Colorado [Denver], Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Department of Genomics, Department of Molecular Medicine, Department of Neurology, University of California (UC)-University of California (UC)-David Geffen School of Medicine [Los Angeles], Medical Research Council-Cardiff University, Department of Psychiatry [Pittsburgh], University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE)-Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE), Fisico-Quimica Biologica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine [Nashville], Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania-University of Pennsylvania-Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP ), The Center for Applied Genomics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP ), Stanford School of Medicine [Stanford], Stanford Medicine, Stanford University-Stanford University, Institute for Human Genetics, Neurosciences Centre of Excellence in Drug Discovery, GlaxoSmithKline Research and Development, Center for Genomic Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet [Copenhagen], Copenhagen University Hospital, Department of Clinical and Developmental Psychology, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen = Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen, Clinical Research Unit, Brain & Mind Research Institute-The University of Sydney, Functional Genomics, Neuronal Plasticity / Mouse Behaviour, Erasmus University Medical Center [Rotterdam] (Erasmus MC), Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (MEB), Autism and Communicative Disorders Centre, Center for Human Genetic Research, Center for neuroscience-University of California [Davis] (UC Davis), Bioinformatics Research Center, North Carolina State University [Raleigh] (NC State), Norwegian University of Science and Technology [Trondheim] (NTNU), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)-Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Emory University [Atlanta, GA]-Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Psychiatric Neurogenetics Section, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, School of Medicine, University of St Andrews [Scotland], Institute of Human Genetics [Erlangen, Allemagne], Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Division of Molecular Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center - Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum [Heidelberg] (DKFZ), Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Insitute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg (GU), Institut de Génomique d'Evry (IG), Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Biologie François JACOB (JACOB), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Developmental Brain and Behaviour Unit, University of Southampton, Division of Psychiatric Genomics, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Statistical Genetics Group, Department of Human Genetics, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins University and Hospital, W.M. Keck Biotechnology Resource Laboratory, Yale University [New Haven], Institutes of Neuroscience and Health and Society, Newcastle University [Newcastle], Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Department of Biomedicine and the Centre for Integrative Sequencing, Aarhus University [Aarhus], Sorlandet Hospital HF, Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh-Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Medical Genetics Section, University of Edinburgh-Western General Hospital, Unit on the Genetic Basis of Mood and Anxiety Disorders, National Institutes of Health [Bethesda] (NIH), Unidade de Neurodesenvolvimento e Autismo (UNDA), Hospital Pediatrico de Coimbra, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, University of Michigan System-University of Michigan System-Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, Research and Development, First Psychiatric Clinic-Alexander University Hospital, Registo Oncológico Regional-Sul, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Francisco Gentil, The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics [Oxford], University of Oxford, St. Olav's Hospital, Brown University, Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Translational Centre for Regenerative Medicine (TRM), Department of Cell Therapy, Universität Leipzig-Universität Leipzig, Human Genetics Department, University of Pittsburgh (PITT), Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Science, University Medical Center [Utrecht]-Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Head of Medical Sequencing, Program in Genetics and Genomic Biology, Hospital for Sick Children-University of Toronto McLaughlin Centre, The Centre for Applied Genomics, Toronto, The Hospital for sick children [Toronto] (SickKids)-University of Toronto-Department of Molecular Genetics-McLaughlin Centre, Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Rush University Medical Center [Chicago], Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg (JMU), Washington University in Saint Louis (WUSTL), Department of Statistics, Carnegie Mellon University [Pittsburgh] (CMU), Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Universiteit Gent = Ghent University (UGENT), Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Georg-August-University = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Department of Medicine, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CR CHUM), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Université de Montréal (UdeM)-Université de Montréal (UdeM)-Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Université de Montréal (UdeM)-Université de Montréal (UdeM), Departments of Psychiatry and Genetics, Yale School of Medicine [New Haven, Connecticut] (YSM), Maine Medical Center, Free University of Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences [Stanford], Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Scripps Translational Science Institute and The Scripps Research Institute, Psychiatric Center Nordbaden, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute [Bethesda] (NCI-NIH), National Institutes of Health [Bethesda] (NIH)-National Institutes of Health [Bethesda] (NIH), The Scripps Translational Science Institute and Scripps Health, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Aarhus University Hospital, Molecular Neuropsychiatry and Development Laboratory, Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics and Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University [Nashville]-Centers for Human Genetics Research and Molecular Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University [Hamilton, Ontario]-Offord Centre for Child Studies, The Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Marlborough House Secure Unit, Instituto Nacional de Saùde Dr Ricardo Jorge [Portugal] (INSA), BioFIG, Center for Biodiversity, Functional and Integrative Genomics, Battelle Center for Mathematical Medicine, Ohio State University [Columbus] (OSU)-Nationwide Children's Hospital, University of Toronto, Diamantina Institute, Carver College of Medicine [Iowa City], University of Iowa [Iowa City]-University of Iowa [Iowa City], Departments of Biostatistics and Medicine, University of Washington [Seattle], ArcelorMittal Maizières Research SA, ArcelorMittal, Institute of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health [Baltimore], Johns Hopkins University (JHU)-Johns Hopkins University (JHU), Psychiatrie & Neuropsychologie, Farmacologie en Toxicologie, RS: CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, RS: MHeNs School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Biological Psychology, Educational Neuroscience, Clinical Neuropsychology, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam - Brain Mechanisms in Health & Disease, LEARN! - Social cognition and learning, Biophotonics and Medical Imaging, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam - Neurobiology of Mental Health, LEARN! - Brain, learning and development, EMGO+ - Mental Health, LEARN!, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam - Brain Imaging Technology, LaserLaB - Biophotonics and Microscopy, State University of New York (SUNY)-State University of New York (SUNY), Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Faculty of Land and Environment, Biosciences Research Division, Department of Environment and Primary Industries Victoria, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California [San Francisco] (UCSF), University of California-University of California, Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg], Cornell University [New York]-Weill Medical College of Cornell University [New York], Bioinformatics, Internal Medicine, Portland Va Medical Center : Ganzini Linda MD, Technische Universität Dresden = Dresden University of Technology (TU Dresden)-University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Centro Nacional de Análisis Genómico (CNAG), Parc Científic de Barcelona (PCB), University of Pennsylvania [Philadelphia], Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Clinical and Research Programs in Pediatric Psychopharmacology and Adult ADHD, Division Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health [Mannheim], Medical Faculty [Mannheim]-Medical Faculty [Mannheim], Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg]-Central Institute of Mental Health Mannheim, Radboud university [Nijmegen]-Radboud university [Nijmegen], University of California [Irvine] (UCI), University of California-University of California-University of California [Los Angeles] (UCLA), University of Bonn, University of California-University of California-David Geffen School of Medicine [Los Angeles], Cardiff University-Medical Research Council, University of Pennsylvania [Philadelphia]-University of Pennsylvania [Philadelphia]-Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP ), Bureau d'Économie Théorique et Appliquée (BETA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Biologie François JACOB (JACOB), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, University of Oxford [Oxford], Universität Leipzig [Leipzig]-Universität Leipzig [Leipzig], University of Toronto-The Hospital for sick children [Toronto] (SickKids)-Department of Molecular Genetics-McLaughlin Centre, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg [Wurtzbourg, Allemagne] (JMU), Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), University of Göttingen - Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Yale University School of Medicine, Georg-August-University [Göttingen], ANS - Amsterdam Neuroscience, Adult Psychiatry, Child Psychiatry, Psychiatry, Human genetics, NCA - Brain mechanisms in health and disease, NCA - Neurobiology of mental health, EMGO - Mental health, NCA - Brain imaging technology, Lee SH, Ripke S, Neale BM, Faraone SV, Purcell SM, Perlis RH, Mowry BJ, Thapar A, Goddard ME, Witte JS, Absher D, Agartz I, Akil H, Amin F, Andreassen OA, Anjorin A, Anney R, Anttila V, Arking DE, Asherson P, Azevedo MH, Backlund L, Badner JA, Bailey AJ, Banaschewski T, Barchas JD, Barnes MR, Barrett TB, Bass N, Battaglia A, Bauer M, Bayés M, Bellivier F, Bergen SE, Berrettini W, Betancur C, Bettecken T, Biederman J, Binder EB, Black DW, Blackwood DH, Bloss CS, Boehnke M, Boomsma DI, Breen G, Breuer R, Bruggeman R, Cormican P, Buccola NG, Buitelaar JK, Bunney WE, Buxbaum JD, Byerley WF, Byrne EM, Caesar S, Cahn W, Cantor RM, Casas M, Chakravarti A, Chambert K, Choudhury K, Cichon S, Cloninger CR, Collier DA, Cook EH, Coon H, Cormand B, Corvin A, Coryell WH, Craig DW, Craig IW, Crosbie J, Cuccaro ML, Curtis D, Czamara D, Datta S, Dawson G, Day R, De Geus EJ, Degenhardt F, Djurovic S, Donohoe GJ, Doyle AE, Duan J, Dudbridge F, Duketis E, Ebstein RP, Edenberg HJ, Elia J, Ennis S, Etain B, Fanous A, Farmer AE, Ferrier IN, Flickinger M, Fombonne E, Foroud T, Frank J, Franke B, Fraser C, Freedman R, Freimer NB, Freitag CM, Friedl M, Frisén L, Gallagher L, Gejman PV, Georgieva L, Gershon ES, Geschwind DH, Giegling I, Gill M, Gordon SD, Gordon-Smith K, Green EK, Greenwood TA, Grice DE, Gross M, Grozeva D, Guan W, Gurling H, De Haan L, Haines JL, Hakonarson H, Hallmayer J, Hamilton SP, Hamshere ML, Hansen TF, Hartmann AM, Hautzinger M, Heath AC, Henders AK, Herms S, Hickie IB, Hipolito M, Hoefels S, Holmans PA, Holsboer F, Hoogendijk WJ, Hottenga JJ, Hultman CM, Hus V, Ingason A, Ising M, Jamain S, Jones EG, Jones I, Jones L, Tzeng JY, Kähler AK, Kahn RS, Kandaswamy R, Keller MC, Kennedy JL, Kenny E, Kent L, Kim Y, Kirov GK, Klauck SM, Klei L, Knowles JA, Kohli MA, Koller DL, Konte B, Korszun A, Krabbendam L, Krasucki R, Kuntsi J, Kwan P, Landén M, Långström N, Lathrop M, Lawrence J, Lawson WB, Leboyer M, Ledbetter DH, Lee PH, Lencz T, Lesch KP, Levinson DF, Lewis CM, Li J, Lichtenstein P, Lieberman JA, Lin DY, Linszen DH, Liu C, Lohoff FW, Loo SK, Lord C, Lowe JK, Lucae S, MacIntyre DJ, Madden PA, Maestrini E, Magnusson PK, Mahon PB, Maier W, Malhotra AK, Mane SM, Martin CL, Martin NG, Mattheisen M, Matthews K, Mattingsdal M, McCarroll SA, McGhee KA, McGough JJ, McGrath PJ, McGuffin P, McInnis MG, McIntosh A, McKinney R, McLean AW, McMahon FJ, McMahon WM, McQuillin A, Medeiros H, Medland SE, Meier S, Melle I, Meng F, Meyer J, Middeldorp CM, Middleton L, Milanova V, Miranda A, Monaco AP, Montgomery GW, Moran JL, Moreno-De-Luca D, Morken G, Morris DW, Morrow EM, Moskvina V, Muglia P, Mühleisen TW, Muir WJ, Müller-Myhsok B, Murtha M, Myers RM, Myin-Germeys I, Neale MC, Nelson SF, Nievergelt CM, Nikolov I, Nimgaonkar V, Nolen WA, Nöthen MM, Nurnberger JI, Nwulia EA, Nyholt DR, O'Dushlaine C, Oades RD, Olincy A, Oliveira G, Olsen L, Ophoff RA, Osby U, Owen MJ, Palotie A, Parr JR, Paterson AD, Pato CN, Pato MT, Penninx BW, Pergadia ML, Pericak-Vance MA, Pickard BS, Pimm J, Piven J, Posthuma D, Potash JB, Poustka F, Propping P, Puri V, Quested DJ, Quinn EM, Ramos-Quiroga JA, Rasmussen HB, Raychaudhuri S, Rehnström K, Reif A, Ribasés M, Rice JP, Rietschel M, Roeder K, Roeyers H, Rossin L, Rothenberger A, Rouleau G, Ruderfer D, Rujescu D, Sanders AR, Sanders SJ, Santangelo SL, Sergeant JA, Schachar R, Schalling M, Schatzberg AF, Scheftner WA, Schellenberg GD, Scherer SW, Schork NJ, Schulze TG, Schumacher J, Schwarz M, Scolnick E, Scott LJ, Shi J, Shilling PD, Shyn SI, Silverman JM, Slager SL, Smalley SL, Smit JH, Smith EN, Sonuga-Barke EJ, St Clair D, State M, Steffens M, Steinhausen HC, Strauss JS, Strohmaier J, Stroup TS, Sutcliffe JS, Szatmari P, Szelinger S, Thirumalai S, Thompson RC, Todorov AA, Tozzi F, Treutlein J, Uhr M, van den Oord EJ, Van Grootheest G, Van Os J, Vicente AM, Vieland VJ, Vincent JB, Visscher PM, Walsh CA, Wassink TH, Watson SJ, Weissman MM, Werge T, Wienker TF, Wijsman EM, Willemsen G, Williams N, Willsey AJ, Witt SH, Xu W, Young AH, Yu TW, Zammit S, Zandi PP, Zhang P, Zitman FG, Zöllner S, Devlin B, Kelsoe JR, Sklar P, Daly MJ, O'Donovan MC, Craddock N, Sullivan PF, Smoller JW, Kendler KS, Wray NR, Cardiff University-Medical Research Council (MRC), HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, The Institute of Psychiatry-King‘s College London, Cornell University-Weill Medical College of Cornell University [New York], Stanford University Medical School, Technische Universität Dresden (TUD)-University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Hôpital Henri Mondor-Hôpital Albert Chenevier, McGill University-Montreal Children's Hospital, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro [Rio de Janeiro] (UFRJ), Stanford University School of Medicine [Stanford], Stanford University [Stanford], Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Friedrich Alexander University [Erlangen-Nürnberg], Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), University of Toronto-The Hospital for Sick Children-Department of Molecular Genetics-McLaughlin Centre, Washington University School of Medicine, Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), University of Goettingen, CHUM Research Center, Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Stanford University School of Medicine [CA, USA], Aalborg Psychiatric Hospital, Aarhus University Hospital, Washington University in St Louis, Instituto Nacional de Saude Dr Ricardo Jorge, Oades, Robert D., Guellaen, Georges, Medical Oncology, Epidemiology, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry / Psychology, and Hematology
Subjects: Netherlands Twin Register (NTR), Medizin, Inheritance Patterns, Social Sciences, AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS, nosology, heritability, COMMON SNPS, 0302 clinical medicine, Crohn Disease, SCHIZOPHRENIA, Child, Psychiatric genetics, Genetics & Heredity, MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER, RISK, 0303 health sciences, ATTENTION-DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER, 120 000 Neuronal Coherence, Mental Disorders, Variants, BIPOLAR DISORDER, ASSOCIATION, Genomic disorders and inherited multi-system disorders [DCN PAC - Perception action and control IGMD 3], Psychiatric Disorders, CROHNS-DISEASE, 3. Good health, Schizophrenia, genetic association study, Medical genetics, Major depressive disorder, SNPs, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, genetic etiology, medical genetics, DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER, Biology, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, behavioral disciplines and activities, Article, Genomic disorders and inherited multi-system disorders DCN MP - Plasticity and memory [IGMD 3], Heritability, Genetic Heterogeneity, 03 medical and health sciences, Prevalence of mental disorders, mental disorders, [SDV.BBM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Genetics, medicine, ddc:61, Humans, Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, [SDV.BBM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, DCN PAC - Perception action and control NCEBP 9 - Mental health, ddc:610, Medizinische Fakultät » Universitätsklinikum Essen » LVR-Klinikum Essen » Klinik für Psychiatrie, Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie des Kindes- und Jugendalters, Bipolar disorder, Psychiatry, 030304 developmental biology, Depressive Disorder, Major, Genome, Human, Genetic heterogeneity, medicine.disease, schizophrenia, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Child Development Disorders, Pervasive, Perturbações do Desenvolvimento Infantil e Saúde Mental, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Genome-Wide Association Study
Abstract: AM Vicente - Cross-Disorder Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium Most psychiatric disorders are moderately to highly heritable. The degree to which genetic variation is unique to individual disorders or shared across disorders is unclear. To examine shared genetic etiology, we use genome-wide genotype data from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (PGC) for cases and controls in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). We apply univariate and bivariate methods for the estimation of genetic variation within and covariation between disorders. SNPs explained 17-29% of the variance in liability. The genetic correlation calculated using common SNPs was high between schizophrenia and bipolar disorder (0.68 ± 0.04 s.e.), moderate between schizophrenia and major depressive disorder (0.43 ± 0.06 s.e.), bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder (0.47 ± 0.06 s.e.), and ADHD and major depressive disorder (0.32 ± 0.07 s.e.), low between schizophrenia and ASD (0.16 ± 0.06 s.e.) and non-significant for other pairs of disorders as well as between psychiatric disorders and the negative control of Crohn's disease. This empirical evidence of shared genetic etiology for psychiatric disorders can inform nosology and encourages the investigation of common pathophysiologies for related disorders.
Published: 2013

23. Operational Research to Support Rapid Evidence-Based Responses to Outbreaks: Learnings from COVID-19.

Author: Hoppe A, Dani P, Mwangoka G, Vreden S, Breton G, Ateudjieu J, Nankabirwa JI, Sambo J, Masaba R, Maparo T, Sibeko G, Njouom R, Tchounga B, Ssewanyana I, Chavula C, Nchimunya L, Djikeussi T, Accellam S, Cairo H, Walcott D, Khan AJ, Khan S, and Bausch DG
Abstract: During the COVID-19 pandemic, the need for making testing readily available was recognized as an important factor for individuals to help make informed decisions, including to isolate or seek care, and for policymakers to control transmission. Toward this end, FIND and the Access to COVID-19 Tools Accelerator funded 16 rapid operational research studies and one implementation project in Africa, the Caribbean, and Asia evaluating the utility, acceptability, and feasibility of different community-based SARS-CoV-2 testing approaches. Here, we discuss common factors and challenges encountered during study implementation. We note six key factors essential for success: 1) collaboration and partnerships; 2) buy-in of local stakeholders, including communities; 3) access to affordable supplies; 4) flexible financing; 5) effective approval systems; and 6) a skilled and motivated workforce. We also note various challenges that must be addressed to fully capitalize on these success factors. In particular, ethics committees are often not well equipped to assess operational research during outbreaks. Outbreaks, especially of novel pathogens, are unpredictable, and transmission dynamics are even more likely to change if the pathogen is prone to frequent mutations, such as SARS-CoV-2. Research that aims to evaluate strategies for curbing transmission must hence be easily and swiftly adaptable. This requires flexibility from researchers, funders, staff conducting the studies, and ethics and other approval committees. International guidelines for evaluating operational research protocols in outbreaks are needed to provide timely evidence to enable informed decisions by individuals, communities, and policymakers, thereby reducing both the human and the economic impact of outbreaks.
Published: 2024
Full Text: View/download PDF

24. Neurological Symptoms and Cause of Death Among Young Children in Low- and Middle-Income Countries.

Author: Ajanovic S, Madewell ZJ, El Arifeen S, Gurley ES, Hossain MZ, Islam KM, Rahman A, Assefa N, Madrid L, Abdulahi M, Igunza KA, Murila F, Revathi G, Christopher M, Sow SO, Kotloff KL, Tapia MD, Traor CB, Mandomando I, Xerinda E, Varo R, Kincardett M, Ogbuanu IU, Nwajiobi-Princewill P, Swarray-Deen A, Luke R, Madhi SA, Mahtab S, Dangor Z, du Toit J, Akelo V, Mutevedzi P, Tippett Barr BA, Blau DM, Whitney CG, and Bassat Q
Subjects: Humans, Infant, Child, Preschool, Male, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Nervous System Diseases mortality, Kenya epidemiology, Infant, Newborn, South Africa epidemiology, Bangladesh epidemiology, Ethiopia epidemiology, Sierra Leone epidemiology, Mali epidemiology, Mozambique epidemiology, Autopsy statistics & numerical data, Developing Countries statistics & numerical data, Cause of Death
Abstract: Importance: The emergence of acute neurological symptoms in children necessitates immediate intervention. Although low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) bear the highest burden of neurological diseases, there is a scarcity of diagnostic and therapeutic resources. Therefore, current understanding of the etiology of neurological emergencies in LMICs relies mainly on clinical diagnoses and verbal autopsies., Objective: To characterize the association of premortem neurological symptoms and their management with postmortem-confirmed cause of death among children aged younger than 5 years in LMICs and to identify current gaps and improve strategies to enhance child survival., Design, Setting, and Participants: This cross-sectional study was conducted between December 3, 2016, and July 22, 2022, at the 7 participating sites in the Child Health and Mortality Prevention Surveillance (CHAMPS) network (Bangladesh, Ethiopia, Kenya, Mali, Mozambique, Sierra Leone, and South Africa). Minimally invasive tissue sampling was performed at the CHAMPS sites with specimens from deceased children aged younger than 5 years. This study included deceased children who underwent a premortem neurological evaluation and had a postmortem-confirmed cause of death. Data analysis was performed between July 22, 2022, and January 15, 2023., Main Outcomes and Measures: Descriptive analysis was performed using neurological evaluations from premortem clinical records and from postmortem determination of cause of death (based on histopathology, microbiological testing, clinical records, and verbal autopsies)., Results: Of the 2127 deaths of children codified during the study period, 1330 (62.5%) had neurological evaluations recorded and were included in this analysis. The 1330 children had a median age of 11 (IQR, 2-324) days; 745 (56.0%) were male and 727 (54.7%) presented with neurological symptoms during illness before death. The most common postmortem-confirmed neurological diagnoses related to death were hypoxic events (308 [23.2%]), meningoencephalitis (135 [10.2%]), and cerebral malaria (68 [5.1%]). There were 12 neonates with overlapping hypoxic events and meningoencephalitis, but there were no patients with overlapping meningoencephalitis and cerebral malaria. Neurological symptoms were similar among diagnoses, and no combination of symptoms was accurate in differentiating them without complementary tools. However, only 25 children (18.5%) with meningitis had a lumbar puncture performed before death. Nearly 90% of deaths (442 of 511 [86.5%]) with neurological diagnoses in the chain of events leading to death were considered preventable., Conclusions and Relevance: In this cross-sectional study of children aged younger than 5 years, neurological symptoms were frequent before death. However, clinical phenotypes were insufficient to differentiate the most common underlying neurological diagnoses. The low rate of lumbar punctures performed was especially worrying, suggesting a challenge in quality of care of children presenting with neurological symptoms. Improved diagnostic management of neurological emergencies is necessary to ultimately reduce mortality in this vulnerable population.
Published: 2024
Full Text: View/download PDF

25. Comparison of causes of stillbirth and child deaths as determined by verbal autopsy and minimally invasive tissue sampling.

Author: Assefa N, Scott A, Madrid L, Dheresa M, Mengesha G, Mahdi S, Mahtab S, Dangor Z, Myburgh N, Mothibi LK, Sow SO, Kotloff KL, Tapia MD, Onwuchekwa UU, Djiteye M, Varo R, Mandomando I, Nhacolo A, Sacoor C, Xerinda E, Ogbuanu I, Samura S, Duduyemi B, Swaray-Deen A, Bah A, El Arifeen S, Gurley ES, Hossain MZ, Rahman A, Chowdhury AI, Quique B, Mutevedzi P, Cunningham SA, Blau D, and Whitney C
Abstract: In resource-limited settings where vital registration and medical death certificates are unavailable or incomplete, verbal autopsy (VA) is often used to attribute causes of death (CoD) and prioritize resource allocation and interventions. We aimed to determine the CoD concordance between InterVA and CHAMPS's method. The causes of death (CoDs) of children <5 were determined by two methods using data from seven low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) enrolled in the Child Health and Mortality Prevention Surveillance (CHAMPS) network. The first CoD method was from the DeCoDe panel using data from Minimally Invasive Tissue Sampling (MITS), whereas the second method used Verbal Autopsy (VA), which utilizes the InterVA software. This analysis evaluated the agreement between the two using Lin's concordance correlation coefficient. The overall concordance of InterVA4 and DeCoDe in assigning causes of death across surveillance sites, age groups, and causes of death was poor (0.75 with 95% CI: 0.73-0.76) and lacked precision. We found substantial differences in agreement by surveillance site, with Mali showing the lowest and Mozambique and Ethiopia the highest concordance. The InterVA4 assigned CoD agrees poorly in assigning causes of death for U5s and stillbirths. Because VA methods are relatively easy to implement, such systems could be more useful if algorithms were improved to more accurately reflect causes of death, for example, by calibrating algorithms to information from programs that used detailed diagnostic testing to improve the accuracy of COD determination., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright: This is an open access article, free of all copyright, and may be freely reproduced, distributed, transmitted, modified, built upon, or otherwise used by anyone for any lawful purpose. The work is made available under the Creative Commons CC0 public domain dedication.)
Published: 2024
Full Text: View/download PDF

26. Medical Genetics in Brazil in the 21st Century: A Thriving Specialty and Its Incorporation in Public Health Policies.

Author: Horovitz DDG, Félix TM, and Ferraz VEF
Subjects: Brazil, Humans, Public Health, Neonatal Screening, Infant, Newborn, Genetics, Medical, Health Policy
Abstract: Brazil is a continent-size country with 203 million inhabitants, classified as a developing upper-middle-income country, although inequities remain significant. Most of the population is assisted by the public Unified Health System (SUS), along with a thriving private health sector. Congenital malformations are the second leading cause of infant mortality and chronic/genetic disorders and a significant burden in hospital admissions. The past two decades have been crucial for formalizing medical genetics as a recognized medical specialty in the SUS, as well as for implementing a new health policy by the Ministry of Health for comprehensive care for rare diseases. These public health policies had the broad support of the Brazilian Society of Medical Genetics and Genomics and patient organizations. Most comprehensive genetic services are concentrated in large urban centers in the South and Southeast regions of Brazil; with this new policy, new services throughout the country are progressively being integrated. The number of medical geneticists increased by 103% in a decade. Details on the policy and an overview of the availability of services, testing, human resources, newborn screening, research projects, patient organizations, and relevant issues regarding medical genetics in this vast and diverse country are presented.
Published: 2024
Full Text: View/download PDF

27. Adverse Childhood Experiences and Associations with Mental Health, Substance Use, and Violence Perpetration among Young Adults in sub-Saharan Africa.

Author: Brown C, Nkemjika S, Ratto J, Dube SR, Gilbert L, Chiang L, Picchetti V, Coomer R, Kambona C, McOwen J, Akani B, Kamagate MF, Low A, Manuel P, Agusto A, and Annor FB
Subjects: Humans, Male, Female, Young Adult, Adolescent, Africa South of the Sahara epidemiology, Violence statistics & numerical data, Violence psychology, Mental Health, Prevalence, Child, Adverse Childhood Experiences statistics & numerical data, Substance-Related Disorders epidemiology, Substance-Related Disorders psychology
Abstract: Background: Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) can have debilitating effects on child well-being, with consequences persisting into adulthood. Most ACE studies have been conducted in high-income countries and show a graded relationship between multiple ACE exposures and adverse health outcomes. Less is known about the types and burden of ACEs in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA)., Objective: To estimate the pooled prevalence of six individual and cumulative ACE exposures (physical, sexual, and emotional violence; orphanhood; witnessing interparental and community violence) and assess their association with mental health outcomes, substance use, and violence perpetration among young adults in SSA., Participants and Setting: Aggregate data from the Violence Against Children and Youth Survey (VACS) in Cote d'Ivoire 2018, Kenya 2019, Lesotho 2018, Mozambique 2019, and Namibia 2019 included a sample of 11,498 young adults aged 18-24 years., Methods: Cumulative ACEs were defined by an integer count of the total number of individual ACEs (0 to 6). Weighted prevalence and adjusted odds ratios were estimated., Result: ACEs prevalence ranged from 7.8% (emotional violence) to 55.0% (witnessing community violence). Strong graded relationships between cumulative ACE exposure and all study outcomes for both males and females were observed. Among females, witnessing interparental violence was the only individual ACE risk factor significantly associated with increased odds of substance use; among males, emotional violence was significantly associated with all outcomes., Conclusion: ACEs are associated with adverse mental health, substance use, and violence perpetration in SSA. Gender-specific and culturally sensitive intervention strategies are needed to effectively mitigate ACEs in this population.
Published: 2024
Full Text: View/download PDF

28. Parenting-related positive childhood experiences, adverse childhood experiences, and mental health-Four sub-Saharan African countries.

Author: Seya MS, Matthews S, Zhu L, Brown C, Lefevre A, Agathis N, Chiang LF, Annor FB, McOwen J, Augusto A, Manuel P, Kamagate MF, Nobah MT, Coomer R, Kambona C, and Low A
Subjects: Male, Female, Adolescent, Young Adult, Humans, Mental Health, Parenting, Cross-Sectional Studies, Kenya, Adverse Childhood Experiences, Substance-Related Disorders
Abstract: Background: Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) are associated with poor mental health outcomes and risk-taking behaviors. Positive childhood experiences (PCEs) may mitigate these negative impacts., Objective: This study 1) assessed the associations between ACEs and negative health outcomes and risk-taking behaviors among young adults, and 2) evaluated whether - and which - PCEs moderate the association between ACEs and these outcomes in sub-Saharan Africa., Methods: This multi-country analysis combined cross-sectional representative survey data from young adults, ages 18-24 years, from the 2019 Kenya, 2018 Lesotho, 2019 Mozambique, and 2019 Namibia Violence Against Children and Youth Surveys. The association between experiencing any ACEs and each health outcome was assessed using Wald's chi-square tests. Multivariable logistic regression analyses assessed the association between each PCE and each outcome of interest., Results: Females who experienced any ACEs had higher odds of experiencing moderate to severe mental distress (aOR = 2.7, 95%CI: 1.9, 3.9). Males who experienced any ACEs had higher odds of experiencing suicidal/self-harm behaviors (aOR = 6.7, 95%CI: 2.8, 16.0) and substance use (aOR = 2.5, 95%CI: 1.4, 4.2). In females, strong mother-child relationship was protective against moderate to severe mental distress (aOR = 0.7, 95%CI: 0.6, 0.9), suicidal/self-harm behaviors (aOR = 0.6, 95%CI: 0.4, 0.9), and substance use (aOR = 0.6, 95%CI: 0.4, 0.9). For males, a strong mother-child relationship was protective against suicidal/self-harm behaviors (aOR = 0.5, 95%CI: 0.2, 0.9), and a strong father-child relationship was protective against suicidal/self-harm behaviors (aOR = 0.4, 95%CI: 0.2, 0.7) and substance use (aOR = 0.6, 95%CI: 0.4, 0.8)., Conclusions: Strong parenting programs may likely play an important role in improving the psychosocial health of young adults., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest There are no conflicts of interest to disclose, and no funding was received for this work., (Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)
Published: 2024
Full Text: View/download PDF

29. Safety and immunogenicity of a subtype C ALVAC-HIV (vCP2438) vaccine prime plus bivalent subtype C gp120 vaccine boost adjuvanted with MF59 or alum in healthy adults without HIV (HVTN 107): A phase 1/2a randomized trial.

Author: Moodie Z, Andersen-Nissen E, Grunenberg N, Dintwe OB, Omar FL, Kee JJ, Bekker LG, Laher F, Naicker N, Jani I, Mgodi NM, Hunidzarira P, Sebe M, Miner MD, Polakowski L, Ramirez S, Nebergall M, Takuva S, Sikhosana L, Heptinstall J, Seaton KE, De Rosa S, Diazgranados CA, Koutsoukos M, Van Der Meeren O, Barnett SW, Kanesa-Thasan N, Kublin JG, Tomaras GD, McElrath MJ, Corey L, Mngadi K, and Goepfert P
Subjects: Adult, Humans, Adjuvants, Immunologic, HIV Antibodies, Immunogenicity, Vaccine, Immunoglobulin A, Immunoglobulin G, Vaccines, Combined, Vaccines, Synthetic, AIDS Vaccines adverse effects, Alum Compounds, HIV Infections prevention & control, HIV-1, Polysorbates, Squalene
Abstract: Background: Adjuvants are widely used to enhance and/or direct vaccine-induced immune responses yet rarely evaluated head-to-head. Our trial directly compared immune responses elicited by MF59 versus alum adjuvants in the RV144-like HIV vaccine regimen modified for the Southern African region. The RV144 trial of a recombinant canarypox vaccine vector expressing HIV env subtype B (ALVAC-HIV) prime followed by ALVAC-HIV plus a bivalent gp120 protein vaccine boost adjuvanted with alum is the only trial to have shown modest HIV vaccine efficacy. Data generated after RV144 suggested that use of MF59 adjuvant might allow lower protein doses to be used while maintaining robust immune responses. We evaluated safety and immunogenicity of an HIV recombinant canarypox vaccine vector expressing HIV env subtype C (ALVAC-HIV) prime followed by ALVAC-HIV plus a bivalent gp120 protein vaccine boost (gp120) adjuvanted with alum (ALVAC-HIV+gp120/alum) or MF59 (ALVAC-HIV+gp120/MF59) or unadjuvanted (ALVAC-HIV+gp120/no-adjuvant) and a regimen where ALVAC-HIV+gp120 adjuvanted with MF59 was used for the prime and boost (ALVAC-HIV+gp120/MF59 coadministration)., Methods and Findings: Between June 19, 2017 and June 14, 2018, 132 healthy adults without HIV in South Africa, Zimbabwe, and Mozambique were randomized to receive intramuscularly: (1) 2 priming doses of ALVAC-HIV (months 0 and 1) followed by 3 booster doses of ALVAC-HIV+gp120/MF59 (months 3, 6, and 12), n = 36; (2) 2 priming doses of ALVAC-HIV (months 0 and 1) followed by 3 booster doses of ALVAC-HIV+gp120/alum (months 3, 6, and 12), n = 36; (3) 4 doses of ALVAC-HIV+gp120/MF59 coadministered (months 0, 1, 6, and 12), n = 36; or (4) 2 priming doses of ALVAC-HIV (months 0 and 1) followed by 3 booster doses of ALVAC-HIV+gp120/no adjuvant (months 3, 6, and 12), n = 24. Primary outcomes were safety and occurrence and mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of vaccine-induced gp120-specific IgG and IgA binding antibodies at month 6.5. All vaccinations were safe and well-tolerated; increased alanine aminotransferase was the most frequent related adverse event, occurring in 2 (1.5%) participants (1 severe, 1 mild). At month 6.5, vaccine-specific gp120 IgG binding antibodies were detected in 100% of vaccinees for all 4 vaccine groups. No significant differences were seen in the occurrence and net MFI of vaccine-specific IgA responses between the ALVAC-HIV+gp120/MF59-prime-boost and ALVAC-HIV+gp120/alum-prime-boost groups or between the ALVAC-HIV+gp120/MF59-prime-boost and ALVAC-HIV+gp120/MF59 coadministration groups. Limitations were the relatively small sample size per group and lack of evaluation of higher gp120 doses., Conclusions: Although MF59 was expected to enhance immune responses, alum induced similar responses to MF59, suggesting that the choice between these adjuvants may not be critical for the ALVAC+gp120 regimen., Trial Registration: HVTN 107 was registered with the South African National Clinical Trials Registry (DOH-27-0715-4894) and ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03284710)., Competing Interests: MK and OVDM are employed by GSK and hold shares in the company. MK reports grants from Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and grants from NIH during the conduct of the study. NKT was an employee of GSK Biologicals and Novartis Vaccines & Diagnostics during the time of the trial. All other authors have nothing to declare., (Copyright: This is an open access article, free of all copyright, and may be freely reproduced, distributed, transmitted, modified, built upon, or otherwise used by anyone for any lawful purpose. The work is made available under the Creative Commons CC0 public domain dedication.)
Published: 2024
Full Text: View/download PDF

30. Refining morphological echocardiographic criteria to improve early detection of rheumatic heart disease.

Author: Nunes MCP, Barbosa JAA, and Mocumbi A
Subjects: Humans, Echocardiography, Early Diagnosis, Rheumatic Heart Disease diagnostic imaging, Heart Valve Diseases diagnosis
Abstract: Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared.
Published: 2023
Full Text: View/download PDF

31. Refining Risk Stratification Among Children With Latent Rheumatic Heart Disease.

Author: Beaton A, Okello E, Rwebembera J, Grobler A, Engelman D, Alepere J, Carapetis J, DeWyer A, Lwabi P, Mirabel M, Mocumbi AO, Nakitto M, Ndagire E, Nunes MCP, Omara IO, Sarnacki R, Scheel A, Wilson N, Zühlke L, Karthikeyan G, Sable CA, and Steer AC
Subjects: Humans, Child, Risk Assessment, Rheumatic Heart Disease
Abstract: Competing Interests: Disclosures None.
Published: 2023
Full Text: View/download PDF

32. Occurrence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, microplastics and biofilms in Alqueva surface water at touristic spots.

Author: Raposo A, Mansilha C, Veber A, Melo A, Rodrigues J, Matias R, Rebelo H, Grossinho J, Cano M, Almeida C, Nogueira ID, Puskar L, Schade U, and Jordao L
Subjects: Biofilms, Butadienes analysis, Ecosystem, Environmental Monitoring, Microplastics, Nylons, Plastics analysis, Polyethylene analysis, Polyethylene Terephthalates, Polypropylenes analysis, Polystyrenes analysis, Polyvinyl Chloride analysis, Petroleum analysis, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons analysis, Water Pollutants, Chemical analysis
Abstract: Freshwater pollution is a huge concern. A study aiming to evaluate physico-chemical characteristics, microbiota, occurrence of two groups of persistent environmental pollutants with similar chemical properties (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons- PAHs and microplastics - MPs) in Alqueva's surface water was performed during 2021. Water samples were collected at three spots related to touristic activities (two beaches and one marina) during the Winter, Spring, Summer and Autumn seasons. In addition, the presence of biofilms on plastic and natural materials (stone, wood/ vegetal materials) were assessed and compared. Water quality based on physicochemical parameters was acceptable with a low eutrophication level. PAHs concentration levels were lower than the standard limits established for surface waters by international organizations. However, carcinogenic compounds were detected in two sampling locations, which can pose a problem for aquatic ecosystems. PAHs profiles showed significant differences when comparing the dry seasons with the rainy seasons, with a higher number of different compounds detected in Spring. Low molecular weigh compounds, usually associated with the atmospheric deposition and petroleum contamination, were more prevalent. MPs were detected in all samples except one during the Winter season. The polymers detected were poly(methyl-2-methylpropenoate), polystyrene, polyethylene terephthalate, polyamide, polypropylene, styrene butadiene, polyvinyl chloride and low /high density polyethylene with the last being the most frequent. Biofilms were more often detected on plastics than on natural materials. In addition, biofilms detected on plastics were more complex with higher microbial diversity (e.g., bacteria, fungi/yeast and phytoplancton organisms) and richer in extrapolymeric material. Based on morphological analysis a good agreement between microbiota and microorganism present in the biofilms was found. Among microbiota were identified microorganisms previously linked to plastic and PAHs detoxification suggesting the need for further studies to evaluate the viability of using biofilms as part of a green bioremediation strategy to mitigate water pollution., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. Maria Luisa Jordão on behalf of all authors., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2022
Full Text: View/download PDF

33. Achieving malaria testing and treatment targets for children under five in Mozambique: a cost-effectiveness analysis.

Author: Avanceña ALV, Miller A, Canana N, Dula J, Saifodine A, Cadrinho B, and Maffioli EM
Subjects: Child, Humans, Cost-Benefit Analysis, Mozambique, Quality-Adjusted Life Years, Malaria diagnosis, Malaria drug therapy, Malaria prevention & control
Abstract: Background: The entire population of Mozambique is at risk for malaria, which remains one of the leading causes of death. The 2017-2022 National Malaria Strategic Plan focuses on reducing malaria morbidity and mortality in high- and low-transmission areas. This study aimed to estimate the costs and health benefits of six variations of the World Health Organization's "test-and-treat" strategy among children under five., Methods: A decision tree model was developed that estimates the costs and health outcomes for children under five. Data on probabilities, costs, weights for disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) were based on peer-reviewed, grey literature, and primary data analysis of the 2018 Malaria Indicator Survey. Six scenarios were compared to the status quo and calculated the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) in terms of cost per QALY gained, DALY averted, and life saved. Deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were conducted to understand the effect of parameter uncertainty on the findings., Results: In the base case, reaching the target of 100% testing with rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs; Scenario 1) is more cost-effective than improving the testing rate alone by 10% (Scenario 2). Achieving a 100% (Scenario 3) or a 10% increase in treatment rate (Scenario 4) have ICERs that are lower than Scenarios 1 and 2. Both Scenarios 5 and 6, which represent combinations of Scenarios 1-4, have lower ICERs than their constituent strategies on their own, which suggests that improvements in treatment are more cost-effective than improvements in testing alone. These results held when DALYs averted or lives saved were used as health outcomes. Deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses revealed that the cost-effectiveness of Scenarios 1-6 are subject sensitive to parameter uncertainty, though Scenarios 4 and 5 are the optimal choice when DALYs averted or QALYs gained were used as the measure of health outcomes across all cost-effectiveness thresholds., Conclusions: Improving testing rates alone among children at risk for malaria has the potential to improve health but may not be the most efficient use of limited resources. Instead, small or large improvements in treatment, whether alone or in conjunction with improvements in testing, are the most cost-effective strategies for children under five in Mozambique., (© 2022. The Author(s).)
Published: 2022
Full Text: View/download PDF

34. The clinical effect of point-of-care HIV diagnosis in infants: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Author: Luo R, Fong Y, Boeras D, Jani I, and Vojnov L
Subjects: Early Diagnosis, Humans, Infant, Point-of-Care Systems, Point-of-Care Testing, HIV Infections diagnosis, HIV Infections drug therapy, HIV Infections prevention & control, Nucleic Acids therapeutic use
Abstract: Background: Timely diagnosis and treatment of HIV is crucial in HIV-exposed infants to prevent the high rates of mortality seen during the first 2 years of life if HIV is untreated. However, challenges with sample transportation, testing, and result delivery to caregivers have led to long delays in treatment initiation. We aimed to compare the clinical effect of point-of-care HIV testing versus laboratory-based testing (standard of care) in HIV-exposed infants., Methods: We did a systematic review and meta-analysis and searched PubMed, MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Embase, Conference Proceedings Citation Index-Science, and WHO Global Index Medicus, from Jan 1, 2014, to Aug 31, 2020. Studies were included if they pertained to the use of point-of-care nucleic acid testing for infant HIV diagnosis, had a laboratory-based nucleic acid test as the comparator or standard of care against the index test (same-day point-of-care testing), evaluated clinical outcomes when point-of-care testing was used, and included HIV-exposed infants aged younger than 2 years. Studies were excluded if they did not use a laboratory-based comparator, a nucleic acid test that had been approved by a stringent regulatory authority, or diagnostic-accuracy or performance evaluations (eg, no clinical outcomes included). Reviews, non-research letters, commentaries, and editorials were also excluded. The risk of bias was evaluated using the ROBINS-I framework. Data were extracted from published reports. Data from all studies were analysed using frequency statistics to describe the overall populations evaluated and their results. Key outcomes were time to result delivery and antiretroviral therapy initiation, and proportion of HIV-positive infants initiated on antiretroviral therapy within 60 days after sample collection., Findings: 164 studies were identified by the search and seven were included in the analysis, comprising 37 377 infants in total across 15 countries, including 25 170 (67%) who had point-of-care HIV testing and 12 207 (33%) who had standard-of-care testing. The certainty of evidence was high. Same-day point-of-care testing led to a significantly shorter time between sample collection and result delivery to caregivers compared with standard-of-care testing (median 0 days [95% CI 0-0] vs 35 days [35-37]). Time from sample collection to antiretroviral therapy initiation in infants found to be HIV-positive was significantly lower with point-of-care testing compared with standard of care (median 0 days [95% CI 0-1] vs 40 days [36-44]). When each study's result was weighted equally, 90·3% (95% CI 76·7-96·5) of HIV-positive infants diagnosed using point-of-care testing had started antiretroviral therapy within 60 days of sample collection, compared with only 51·6% (27·1-75·7) who had standard-of-care testing (odds ratio 8·74 [95% CI 6·6-11·6]; p<0·0001)., Interpretation: Overall, the certainty of the evidence in this analysis was rated as high for the primary outcomes related to result delivery and treatment initiation, with no serious risk of bias, inconsistency, indirectness, or imprecision. In HIV-exposed infants, same-day point-of-care HIV testing was associated with significantly improved time to result delivery, time to antiretroviral therapy initiation, and proportion of HIV-positive infants starting antiretroviral therapy within 60 days compared with standard of care., Funding: The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation., Competing Interests: Declaration of interests We declare no competing interests., (Copyright © 2022 World Health Organization. Published by Elsevier Ltd. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2022
Full Text: View/download PDF

35. Antimicrobial Resistance and Biofilms Underlying Catheter-Related Bloodstream Coinfection by Enterobacter cloacae Complex and Candida parapsilosis .

Author: Štefánek M, Wenner S, Borges V, Pinto M, Gomes JP, Rodrigues J, Faria I, Pessanha MA, Martins F, Sabino R, Veríssimo C, Nogueira ID, Carvalho PA, Bujdáková H, and Jordao L
Abstract: Biofilm-associated infections are a public health concern especially in the context of healthcare-associated infections such as catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSIs). We evaluated the biofilm formation and antimicrobials resistance (AMR) of Enterobacter cloacae complex and Candida parapsilosis co-isolated from a CRBSI patient. Antimicrobial susceptibility of central venous catheters (CVCs) and hemoculture (HC) isolates was evaluated, including whole genome sequencing (WGS) resistome analysis and evaluation of gene expression to obtain insight into their AMR determinants. Crystal violet assay was used to assess dual biofilm biomass and microscopy was used to elucidate a microorganism's distribution within biofilms assembled on different materials. Bacteria were multidrug-resistant including resistance to colistin and beta-lactams, likely linked to the mcr-9-like phosphoethanolamine transferase and to an ACT family cephalosporin-hydrolyzing class C beta-lactamase, respectively. The R398I and Y132F mutations in the ERG11 gene and its differential expression might account for C. parapsilosis resistance to fluconazole. The phenotype of dual biofilms assembled on glass, polystyrene and polyurethane depends on the material and how biofilms were initiated by one or both pathogens. Biofilms assembled on polyurethane were denser and richer in the extracellular polymeric matrix, and microorganisms were differently distributed on the inner/outer surface of the CVC.
Published: 2022
Full Text: View/download PDF

36. Temporal trends in intraventricular hemorrhage in preterm infants: A Brazilian multicenter cohort.

Author: de Figueiredo Vinagre LE, de Siqueira Caldas JP, Martins Marba ST, Procianoy RS, de Cássia Silveira R, Santiago Rego MA, de Lima Mota Ferreira DM, Sales Alves Junior JM, Dos Santos JPF, Gimenes CB, de Mello E Silva NM, Conde Gonzalez MR, da Silva RPGVC, do Amaral Gomez DBC, do Vale MS, de Souza Rugolo LMS, Meneguel Ogata JF, de Albuquerque Diniz EM, Luz JH, de Almeida JHCL, de Souza MPA, and Goncalves Ferri WA
Subjects: Brazil epidemiology, Cerebral Hemorrhage epidemiology, Cerebral Hemorrhage etiology, Cohort Studies, Female, Gestational Age, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Pregnancy, Prospective Studies, Infant, Premature, Infant, Premature, Diseases epidemiology
Abstract: Background: Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) is a serious problem in preterm infants. Brazilian national data are unknown., Objective: To evaluate the incidence and temporal trend of IVH in very low birth weight (VLBW) preterm infants of 18 centers of the Brazilian Network on Neonatal Research., Study Design: National prospective multicenter cohort study including inborn VLBW preterm infants aged 23 0/7 - 33 6/7 weeks' gestation, admitted between 2013 and 2018. The center with the mean incidence rate was used as reference. We applied two adjustments models using perinatal variables, and perinatal + neonatal diseases., Results: Of 6,420 infants, 1951/30.4% (range 27.1-33.8%) had IVH and the disease showed a significant trend towards an overall increase in incidence over time (p = 0.003), especially in three centers. Severe IVH (grade III or IV) occurred in 32.2% (range 29.2-34.5%) of those affected by IVH, with a stable incidence. After adjustments for perinatal variables, the differences persisted among centers: for global IVH, 7 centers had significantly lower rates (OR ranging from 0.31 to 0.62), and 2 presented rates higher than the reference center (OR ranging from 2.00 to 12.46) for severe HIV. Considering perinatal and neonatal variables, 6 centers had significantly lower rates (OR ranging from 0.36 to 0.60) for global IVH than the reference center and 3 had statistically higher rates (OR 1.72, 1.86 and 11.78) for severe forms., Conclusion: The incidence rate of IVH in this Brazilian cohort was high and it revealed an increasing trend towards over time. The severe IVH rate was also worrisome., (© 2022 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of European Paediatric Neurology Society.)
Published: 2022
Full Text: View/download PDF

37. COVID-19-related healthcare impacts: an uncontrolled, segmented time-series analysis of tuberculosis diagnosis services in Mozambique, 2017-2020.

Author: Manhiça I, Augusto O, Sherr K, Cowan J, Cuco RM, Agostinho S, Macuacua BC, Ramiro I, Carimo N, Matsinhe MB, Gloyd S, Chicumbe S, Machava R, Tembe S, and Fernandes Q
Subjects: Bayes Theorem, Delivery of Health Care, Female, Humans, Male, Mozambique epidemiology, Pandemics, COVID-19 diagnosis, COVID-19 epidemiology, Tuberculosis diagnosis, Tuberculosis epidemiology
Abstract: Introduction: Currently, COVID-19 dominates the public health agenda and poses a permanent threat, leading to health systems' exhaustion and unprecedented service disruption. Primary healthcare services, including tuberculosis services, are at increased risk of facing severe disruptions, particularly in low-income and middle-income countries. Indeed, corroborating model-based forecasts, there is increasing evidence of the COVID-19 pandemic's negative impact on tuberculosis case detection., Methods: Applying a segmented time-series analysis, we assessed the effects of COVID-19-related measures on tuberculosis diagnosis service across districts in Mozambique. Ministry health information system data were used from the first quarter of 2017 to the end of 2020. The model, performed under the Bayesian premises, was estimated as a negative binomial with random effects for districts and provinces., Results: A total of 154 districts were followed for 16 consecutive quarters. Together, these districts reported 96 182 cases of all forms of tuberculosis in 2020. At baseline (first quarter of 2017), Mozambique had an estimated incidence rate of 283 (95% CI 200 to 406) tuberculosis cases per 100 000 people and this increased at a 5% annual rate through the end of 2019. We estimated that 17 147 new tuberculosis cases were potentially missed 9 months after COVID-19 onset, resulting in a 15.1% (95% CI 5.9 to 24.0) relative loss in 2020. The greatest impact was observed in the southern region at 40.0% (95% CI 30.1 to 49.0) and among men at 15% (95% CI 4.0 to 25.0). The incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis increased at an average rate of 6.6% annually; however, an abrupt drop (15%) was also observed immediately after COVID-19 onset in March 2020., Conclusion: The most significant impact of the state of emergency was observed between April and June 2020, the quarter after COVID-19 onset. Encouragingly, by the end of 2020, clear signs of health system recovery were visible despite the initial shock., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2022. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)
Published: 2022
Full Text: View/download PDF

38. Data-independent acquisition mass spectrometry in severe rheumatic heart disease (RHD) identifies a proteomic signature showing ongoing inflammation and effectively classifying RHD cases.

Author: Salie MT, Yang J, Ramírez Medina CR, Zühlke LJ, Chishala C, Ntsekhe M, Gitura B, Ogendo S, Okello E, Lwabi P, Musuku J, Mtaja A, Hugo-Hamman C, El-Sayed A, Damasceno A, Mocumbi A, Bode-Thomas F, Yilgwan C, Amusa GA, Nkereuwem E, Shaboodien G, Da Silva R, Lee DCH, Frain S, Geifman N, Whetton AD, Keavney B, and Engel ME
Abstract: Background: Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) remains a major source of morbidity and mortality in developing countries. A deeper insight into the pathogenetic mechanisms underlying RHD could provide opportunities for drug repurposing, guide recommendations for secondary penicillin prophylaxis, and/or inform development of near-patient diagnostics., Methods: We performed quantitative proteomics using Sequential Windowed Acquisition of All Theoretical Fragment Ion Mass Spectrometry (SWATH-MS) to screen protein expression in 215 African patients with severe RHD, and 230 controls. We applied a machine learning (ML) approach to feature selection among the 366 proteins quantifiable in at least 40% of samples, using the Boruta wrapper algorithm. The case-control differences and contribution to Area Under the Receiver Operating Curve (AUC) for each of the 56 proteins identified by the Boruta algorithm were calculated by Logistic Regression adjusted for age, sex and BMI. Biological pathways and functions enriched for proteins were identified using ClueGo pathway analyses., Results: Adiponectin, complement component C7 and fibulin-1, a component of heart valve matrix, were significantly higher in cases when compared with controls. Ficolin-3, a protein with calcium-independent lectin activity that activates the complement pathway, was lower in cases than controls. The top six biomarkers from the Boruta analyses conferred an AUC of 0.90 indicating excellent discriminatory capacity between RHD cases and controls., Conclusions: These results support the presence of an ongoing inflammatory response in RHD, at a time when severe valve disease has developed, and distant from previous episodes of acute rheumatic fever. This biomarker signature could have potential utility in recognizing different degrees of ongoing inflammation in RHD patients, which may, in turn, be related to prognostic severity., (© 2022. The Author(s).)
Published: 2022
Full Text: View/download PDF

39. A year of genomic surveillance reveals how the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic unfolded in Africa.

Author: Wilkinson E, Giovanetti M, Tegally H, San JE, Lessells R, Cuadros D, Martin DP, Rasmussen DA, Zekri AN, Sangare AK, Ouedraogo AS, Sesay AK, Priscilla A, Kemi AS, Olubusuyi AM, Oluwapelumi AOO, Hammami A, Amuri AA, Sayed A, Ouma AEO, Elargoubi A, Ajayi NA, Victoria AF, Kazeem A, George A, Trotter AJ, Yahaya AA, Keita AK, Diallo A, Kone A, Souissi A, Chtourou A, Gutierrez AV, Page AJ, Vinze A, Iranzadeh A, Lambisia A, Ismail A, Rosemary A, Sylverken A, Femi A, Ibrahimi A, Marycelin B, Oderinde BS, Bolajoko B, Dhaala B, Herring BL, Njanpop-Lafourcade BM, Kleinhans B, McInnis B, Tegomoh B, Brook C, Pratt CB, Scheepers C, Akoua-Koffi CG, Agoti CN, Peyrefitte C, Daubenberger C, Morang'a CM, Nokes DJ, Amoako DG, Bugembe DL, Park D, Baker D, Doolabh D, Ssemwanga D, Tshiabuila D, Bassirou D, Amuzu DSY, Goedhals D, Omuoyo DO, Maruapula D, Foster-Nyarko E, Lusamaki EK, Simulundu E, Ong'era EM, Ngabana EN, Shumba E, El Fahime E, Lokilo E, Mukantwari E, Philomena E, Belarbi E, Simon-Loriere E, Anoh EA, Leendertz F, Ajili F, Enoch FO, Wasfi F, Abdelmoula F, Mosha FS, Takawira FT, Derrar F, Bouzid F, Onikepe F, Adeola F, Muyembe FM, Tanser F, Dratibi FA, Mbunsu GK, Thilliez G, Kay GL, Githinji G, van Zyl G, Awandare GA, Schubert G, Maphalala GP, Ranaivoson HC, Lemriss H, Anise H, Abe H, Karray HH, Nansumba H, Elgahzaly HA, Gumbo H, Smeti I, Ayed IB, Odia I, Ben Boubaker IB, Gaaloul I, Gazy I, Mudau I, Ssewanyana I, Konstantinus I, Lekana-Douk JB, Makangara JC, Tamfum JM, Heraud JM, Shaffer JG, Giandhari J, Li J, Yasuda J, Mends JQ, Kiconco J, Morobe JM, Gyapong JO, Okolie JC, Kayiwa JT, Edwards JA, Gyamfi J, Farah J, Nakaseegu J, Ngoi JM, Namulondo J, Andeko JC, Lutwama JJ, O'Grady J, Siddle K, Adeyemi KT, Tumedi KA, Said KM, Hae-Young K, Duedu KO, Belyamani L, Fki-Berrajah L, Singh L, Martins LO, Tyers L, Ramuth M, Mastouri M, Aouni M, El Hefnawi M, Matsheka MI, Kebabonye M, Diop M, Turki M, Paye M, Nyaga MM, Mareka M, Damaris MM, Mburu MW, Mpina M, Nwando M, Owusu M, Wiley MR, Youtchou MT, Ayekaba MO, Abouelhoda M, Seadawy MG, Khalifa MK, Sekhele M, Ouadghiri M, Diagne MM, Mwenda M, Allam M, Phan MVT, Abid N, Touil N, Rujeni N, Kharrat N, Ismael N, Dia N, Mabunda N, Hsiao NY, Silochi NB, Nsenga N, Gumede N, Mulder N, Ndodo N, Razanajatovo NH, Iguosadolo N, Judith O, Kingsley OC, Sylvanus O, Peter O, Femi O, Idowu O, Testimony O, Chukwuma OE, Ogah OE, Onwuamah CK, Cyril O, Faye O, Tomori O, Ondoa P, Combe P, Semanda P, Oluniyi PE, Arnaldo P, Quashie PK, Dussart P, Bester PA, Mbala PK, Ayivor-Djanie R, Njouom R, Phillips RO, Gorman R, Kingsley RA, Carr RAA, El Kabbaj S, Gargouri S, Masmoudi S, Sankhe S, Lawal SB, Kassim S, Trabelsi S, Metha S, Kammoun S, Lemriss S, Agwa SHA, Calvignac-Spencer S, Schaffner SF, Doumbia S, Mandanda SM, Aryeetey S, Ahmed SS, Elhamoumi S, Andriamandimby S, Tope S, Lekana-Douki S, Prosolek S, Ouangraoua S, Mundeke SA, Rudder S, Panji S, Pillay S, Engelbrecht S, Nabadda S, Behillil S, Budiaki SL, van der Werf S, Mashe T, Aanniz T, Mohale T, Le-Viet T, Schindler T, Anyaneji UJ, Chinedu U, Ramphal U, Jessica U, George U, Fonseca V, Enouf V, Gorova V, Roshdy WH, Ampofo WK, Preiser W, Choga WT, Bediako Y, Naidoo Y, Butera Y, de Laurent ZR, Sall AA, Rebai A, von Gottberg A, Kouriba B, Williamson C, Bridges DJ, Chikwe I, Bhiman JN, Mine M, Cotten M, Moyo S, Gaseitsiwe S, Saasa N, Sabeti PC, Kaleebu P, Tebeje YK, Tessema SK, Happi C, Nkengasong J, and de Oliveira T
Subjects: Africa epidemiology, COVID-19 transmission, COVID-19 virology, Genetic Variation, Humans, SARS-CoV-2 isolation & purification, COVID-19 epidemiology, Epidemiological Monitoring, Genomics, Pandemics, SARS-CoV-2 genetics
Abstract: The progression of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic in Africa has so far been heterogeneous, and the full impact is not yet well understood. In this study, we describe the genomic epidemiology using a dataset of 8746 genomes from 33 African countries and two overseas territories. We show that the epidemics in most countries were initiated by importations predominantly from Europe, which diminished after the early introduction of international travel restrictions. As the pandemic progressed, ongoing transmission in many countries and increasing mobility led to the emergence and spread within the continent of many variants of concern and interest, such as B.1.351, B.1.525, A.23.1, and C.1.1. Although distorted by low sampling numbers and blind spots, the findings highlight that Africa must not be left behind in the global pandemic response, otherwise it could become a source for new variants.
Published: 2021
Full Text: View/download PDF

40. Novel sampling methods for monitoring Anopheles arabiensis from Eritrea.

Author: Charlwood JD, Andegiorgish AK, Asfaha YE, Tekle Weldu L, Petros F, Legese L, Afewerki R, Mihreteab S, LeClair C, and Kampango A
Abstract: Background: Studies comparing novel collection methods for host seeking and resting mosquitoes A. arabiensis were undertaken in a village in Eritrea. Techniques included an odor baited trap, a novel tent-trap, human landing collection and three methods of resting collection. A technique for the collection of mosquitoes exiting vegetation is also described. Pre-gravid rates were determined by dissection of host seeking insects and post-prandial egg development among insects collected resting., Results: Overall 5,382 host-seeking, 2,296 resting and 357 A. arabiensis exiting vegetation were collected. The Furvela tent-trap was the most efficient, risk-free method for the collection of outdoor host-seeking insects, whilst the Suna trap was the least effective method. Mechanical aspirators (the CDC backpack or the Prokopack aspirator) were superior to manual aspiration in a dark shelter but there was no advantage over manual aspiration in a well-lit one. An estimated two-thirds of newly-emerged mosquitoes went through a pre-gravid phase, feeding twice before producing eggs. Mosquitoes completed gonotrophic development in a dark shelter but left a well-lit shelter soon after feeding. One blood-fed female marked in the village was recaptured 2 days after release exiting vegetation close to the oviposition site and another, shortly after oviposition, attempting to feed on a human host 3 days after release. Exit rates of males from vegetation peaked 3 min after the initial male had left. Unfed and gravid females exited approximately 6 min after the first males., Conclusions: Furvela tent-traps are suitable for the collection of outdoor biting A. arabiensis in Eritrea whilst the Prokopack sampler is the method of choice for the collection of resting insects. Constructing well-lit, rather than dark, animal shelters, may encourage otherwise endophilic mosquitoes to leave and so reduce their survival and hence their vectorial capacity., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no competing interests., (© 2021 Charlwood et al.)
Published: 2021
Full Text: View/download PDF

41. Influenza surveillance capacity improvements in Africa during 2011-2017.

Author: Igboh LS, McMorrow M, Tempia S, Emukule GO, Talla Nzussouo N, McCarron M, Williams T, Weatherspoon V, Moen A, Fawzi D, Njouom R, Nakoune E, Dauoda C, Kavunga-Membo H, Okeyo M, Heraud JM, Mambule IK, Sow SO, Tivane A, Lagare A, Adebayo A, Dia N, Mmbaga V, Maman I, Lutwama J, Simusika P, Walaza S, Mangtani P, Nguipdop-Djomo P, Cohen C, and Azziz-Baumgartner E
Subjects: Africa epidemiology, Humans, Pandemics, Surveys and Questionnaires, Influenza, Human epidemiology, Influenza, Human prevention & control, Respiratory Tract Infections epidemiology
Abstract: Background: Influenza surveillance helps time prevention and control interventions especially where complex seasonal patterns exist. We assessed influenza surveillance sustainability in Africa where influenza activity varies and external funds for surveillance have decreased., Methods: We surveyed African Network for Influenza Surveillance and Epidemiology (ANISE) countries about 2011-2017 surveillance system characteristics. Data were summarized with descriptive statistics and analyzed with univariate and multivariable analyses to quantify sustained or expanded influenza surveillance capacity in Africa., Results: Eighteen (75%) of 24 ANISE members participated in the survey; their cumulative population of 710 751 471 represent 56% of Africa's total population. All 18 countries scored a mean 95% on WHO laboratory quality assurance panels. The number of samples collected from severe acute respiratory infection case-patients remained consistent between 2011 and 2017 (13 823 vs 13 674 respectively) but decreased by 12% for influenza-like illness case-patients (16 210 vs 14 477). Nine (50%) gained capacity to lineage-type influenza B. The number of countries reporting each week to WHO FluNet increased from 15 (83%) in 2011 to 17 (94%) in 2017., Conclusions: Despite declines in external surveillance funding, ANISE countries gained additional laboratory testing capacity and continued influenza testing and reporting to WHO. These gains represent important achievements toward sustainable surveillance and epidemic/pandemic preparedness., (© 2020 The Authors. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
Published: 2021
Full Text: View/download PDF

42. National Sample Vital Registration System: A sustainable platform for COVID-19 and other infectious diseases surveillance in low and middle-income countries.

Author: Amouzou A, Kante A, Macicame I, Antonio A, Gudo E, Duce P, and Black RE
Subjects: Betacoronavirus, COVID-19, Cause of Death, Communicable Diseases epidemiology, Comorbidity, Coronavirus Infections mortality, Humans, Pandemics, Pneumonia, Viral mortality, SARS-CoV-2, Socioeconomic Factors, Coronavirus Infections epidemiology, Developing Countries, Pneumonia, Viral epidemiology, Population Surveillance methods
Abstract: Competing Interests: Competing interests: The authors completed the ICMJE Unified Competing Interest form (available upon request from the corresponding author). All authors are funded by the BMGF for the implementation of the COMSA project in Mozambique.
Published: 2020
Full Text: View/download PDF

43. Age Dependency of the Prognostic Impact of Tumor Genomics in Localized Resectable MYCN -Nonamplified Neuroblastomas. Report From the SIOPEN Biology Group on the LNESG Trials and a COG Validation Group.

Author: Ambros IM, Tonini GP, Pötschger U, Gross N, Mosseri V, Beiske K, Berbegall AP, Bénard J, Bown N, Caron H, Combaret V, Couturier J, Defferrari R, Delattre O, Jeison M, Kogner P, Lunec J, Marques B, Martinsson T, Mazzocco K, Noguera R, Schleiermacher G, Valent A, Van Roy N, Villamon E, Janousek D, Pribill I, Glogova E, Attiyeh EF, Hogarty MD, Monclair TF, Holmes K, Valteau-Couanet D, Castel V, Tweddle DA, Park JR, Cohn S, Ladenstein R, Beck-Popovic M, De Bernardi B, Michon J, Pearson ADJ, and Ambros PF
Subjects: Age Factors, Clinical Trials as Topic, Diploidy, Gene Amplification, Genomics, Humans, Infant, Neoplasm Staging, Neuroblastoma pathology, Neuroblastoma surgery, Prognosis, Progression-Free Survival, Survival Rate, Chromosome Aberrations, Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1, Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11, N-Myc Proto-Oncogene Protein genetics, Neuroblastoma genetics
Abstract: Purpose: For localized, resectable neuroblastoma without MYCN amplification, surgery only is recommended even if incomplete. However, it is not known whether the genomic background of these tumors may influence outcome., Patients and Methods: Diagnostic samples were obtained from 317 tumors, International Neuroblastoma Staging System stages 1/2A/2B, from 3 cohorts: Localized Neuroblastoma European Study Group I/II and Children's Oncology Group. Genomic data were analyzed using multi- and pangenomic techniques and fluorescence in-situ hybridization in 2 age groups (cutoff age, 18 months) and were quality controlled by the International Society of Pediatric Oncology European Neuroblastoma (SIOPEN) Biology Group., Results: Patients with stage 1 tumors had an excellent outcome (5-year event-free survival [EFS] ± standard deviation [SD], 95% ± 2%; 5-year overall survival [OS], 99% ± 1%). In contrast, patients with stage 2 tumors had a reduced EFS in both age groups (5-year EFS ± SD, 84% ± 3% in patients < 18 months of age and 75% ± 7% in patients ≥ 18 months of age). However, OS was significantly decreased only in the latter group (5-year OS ± SD in < 18months and ≥ 18months, 96% ± 2% and 81% ± 7%, respectively; P = .001). In < 18months, relapses occurred independent of segmental chromosome aberrations (SCAs); only 1p loss decreased EFS (5-year EFS ± SD in patients 1p loss and no 1p loss, 62% ± 13% and 87% ± 3%, respectively; P = .019) but not OS (5-year OS ± SD, 92% ± 8% and 97% ± 2%, respectively). In patients ≥ 18 months, only SCAs led to relapse and death, with 11q loss as the strongest marker (11q loss and no 11q loss: 5-year EFS ± SD, 48% ± 16% and 85% ± 7%, P = .033; 5-year OS ± SD, 46% ± 22% and 92% ± 6%, P = .038)., Conclusion: Genomic aberrations of resectable non- MYCN- amplified stage 2 neuroblastomas have a distinct age-dependent prognostic impact. Chromosome 1p loss is a risk factor for relapse but not for diminished OS in patients < 18 months, SCAs (especially 11q loss) are risk factors for reduced EFS and OS in those > 18months. In older patients with SCA, a randomized trial of postoperative chemotherapy compared with observation alone may be indicated.
Published: 2020
Full Text: View/download PDF

44. Induced pluripotent stem cell line (INSAi002-A) from a Fabry Disease patient hemizygote for the rare p.W287X mutation.

Author: Duarte AJ, Ribeiro D, Santos R, Moreira L, Bragança J, and Amaral O
Subjects: Hemizygote, Humans, Male, Mutation, alpha-Galactosidase genetics, Fabry Disease genetics, Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
Abstract: Fabry Disease (FD) is a multisystemic X-linked disorder that belongs to the group of lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs). Causal mutations on alpha-galactosidase A (α-Gal A) commonly lead to abnormal protein and consequently to FD. Since it is an X-linked disease, males are primarily affected. This work describes the generation of induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) from skin fibroblasts from a FD patient, using non-integrative episomal vectors. Differentiation of iPSCs can be applied to generate a variety of cell types with high degree of genetic complexity that would otherwise be difficult to obtain., (Copyright © 2020 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2020
Full Text: View/download PDF

45. Viral load assay performs comparably to early infant diagnosis assay to diagnose infants with HIV in Mozambique: a prospective observational study.

Author: Vubil A, Nhachigule C, Loquiha O, Meggi B, Mabunda N, Bollinger T, Sacks JA, Jani I, and Vojnov L
Subjects: Child, Preschool, Female, HIV Infections virology, HIV-1 genetics, HIV-1 isolation & purification, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Infant, Newborn, Diseases virology, Male, Mozambique, Prospective Studies, Sensitivity and Specificity, Viremia diagnosis, Viremia virology, HIV Infections diagnosis, HIV-1 physiology, Infant, Newborn, Diseases diagnosis, Viral Load methods
Abstract: Introduction: Viral load testing is essential to manage HIV disease, especially in infants and children. Early infant diagnosis is performed using nucleic-acid testing in children under 18 months. Resource-limited health systems face severe challenges to scale-up both viral load and early infant diagnosis to unprecedented levels. Streamlining laboratory systems would be beneficial to improve access to quality testing and to increase efficiency of antiretroviral treatment programmes. We evaluated the performance of viral load testing to serve as an early infant diagnosis assay in children younger than 18 months., Methods: This study was an observational, prospective study, including children between one and 18 months of age who were born to HIV-positive mothers in 134 health facilities in Maputo City and Maputo Province, Mozambique. Dried blood spot specimens from heel or toe pricks were collected between January and April 2018, processed using SPEX buffer for both assays, and tested for routine EID and VL testing using the Roche CAP/CTM HIV-1 Qualitative v2 and Roche CAP/CTM HIV-1 Quantitative v2 assays respectively. The sensitivity, specificity and positive and negative predictive values were estimated using the EID results as the reference standard., Results: A total of 1021 infants were included in the study, of which 47% were female. Over 95% of mothers and children were on antiretroviral treatment or received antiretroviral prophylaxis respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of using the viral load assay to detect infection were 100% (95% CI: 96.2 to 100%) and 99.9% (95% CI: 99.4 to 100%). The positive and negative predictive values were 99.0% (95% CI: 94.3 to 100%) and 100% (95% CI: 99.6 to 100%). The McNemar's test was 1.000 and Cohen's kappa was 0.994., Conclusions: The comparable performance suggests that viral load assays can be used as an infant diagnostic assay. Infants with either low levels of viraemia or high cycle threshold values should be repeat tested to ensure the result is truly positive prior to treatment initiation, regardless of assay used. Viral load assays could replace traditional early infant diagnosis testing, substantially streamlining molecular laboratory services for children and lowering costs, with the additional advantage of providing baseline viral load results for antiretroviral treatment management., (© 2020 The Authors. Journal of the International AIDS Society published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of the International AIDS Society.)
Published: 2020
Full Text: View/download PDF

46. Health equity monitoring is essential in public health: lessons from Mozambique.

Author: Llop-Gironés A, Cash-Gibson L, Chicumbe S, Alvarez F, Zahinos I, Mazive E, and Benach J
Subjects: Health Status Disparities, Humans, Mozambique, Sustainable Development, World Health Organization, Health Equity organization & administration, Health Information Systems, Health Status Indicators, Public Health
Abstract: Background: Countries must be able to describe and monitor their populations health and well-being needs in an attempt to understand and address them. The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) have re-emphasized the need to invest in comprehensive health information systems to monitor progress towards health equity; however, knowledge on the capacity of health information systems to be able do this, particularly in low-income countries, remains very limited. As a case study, we aimed to evaluate the current capacity of the national health information systems in Mozambique, and the available indicators to monitor health inequalities, in line with SDG 3 (Good Health and Well Being for All at All Ages)., Methods: A data source mapping of the health information system in Mozambique was conducted. We followed the World Health Organization's methodology of assessing data sources to evaluate the information available for every equity stratifier using a three-point scale: 1 - information is available, 2 - need for more information, and 3 - an information gap. Also, for each indicator we estimated the national average inequality score., Results: Eight data sources contain health information to measure and monitor progress towards health equity in line with the 27 SDG3 indicators. Seven indicators bear information with nationally funded data sources, ten with data sources externally funded, and ten indicators either lack information or it does not applicable for the matter of the study. None of the 27 indicators associated with SDG3 can be fully disaggregated by equity stratifiers; they either lack some information (15 indicators) or do not have information at all (nine indicators). The indicators that contain more information are related to maternal and child health., Conclusions: There are important information gaps in Mozambique's current national health information system which prevents it from being able to comprehensively measure and monitor health equity. Comprehensive national health information systems are an essential public health need. Significant policy and political challenges must also be addressed to ensure effective interventions and action towards health equity in the country.
Published: 2019
Full Text: View/download PDF

47. Hypertension in a resource-limited setting: Poor Outcomes on Short-term Follow-up in an Urban Hospital in Maputo, Mozambique.

Author: Manafe N, Matimbe RN, Daniel J, Lecour S, Sliwa K, and Mocumbi AO
Subjects: Adult, Aged, Antihypertensive Agents therapeutic use, Diastole drug effects, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Health Resources trends, Heart Failure epidemiology, Hospitalization, Hospitals, Urban statistics & numerical data, Humans, Hypertension drug therapy, Hypertension epidemiology, Hypertensive Retinopathy epidemiology, Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular epidemiology, Male, Middle Aged, Mozambique epidemiology, Outcome Assessment, Health Care, Prospective Studies, Renal Insufficiency epidemiology, Stroke epidemiology, Systole drug effects, Blood Pressure drug effects, Health Resources supply & distribution, Hospitals, Urban economics, Hypertension complications
Abstract: Mozambique has low levels of detection, treatment, and control of hypertension. However, data on target organ damage and clinical outcomes are lacking. The authors aimed at characterizing the clinical profile, pattern of target organ damage, and short-term outcomes of patients referred to a first referral urban hospital in a low-income setting in Africa. We conducted a prospective descriptive cohort study from February 2016 to May 2017 in Maputo, Mozambique. Adult patients with systolic and diastolic blood pressure ≥180 mm Hg and/or ≥110 mm Hg, respectively, or any systolic blood pressure above 140 mm Hg and/or diastolic blood pressure above 90 mm Hg in the presence of target organ damage (with or without antihypertensive treatment) were submitted to detailed physical examination, funduscopy, laboratory profile, electrocardiography, and echocardiography. Six months after the occurrence of complications (stroke, heart failure, and renal failure), hospital admission and death were assessed. Overall, 116 hypertensive patients were recruited (mean age 57.5 ± 12.8 years old; 111[95.7%] black; 81[70%] female) of which 79 had severe hypertension. The baseline mean values recorded for systolic and diastolic blood pressure were 192.3 ± 23.6 and 104.2 ± 15.2 mm Hg, respectively. Most patients (93; 80.2%) were on antihypertensive treatment. Patients' risk profile revealed dyslipidemia, obesity, and diabetes in 59(54.1%), 48(42.5%), and 23(19.8%), respectively. Target organ damage was found in 111 patients. The commonest being left atrial enlargement 91(84.5%), left ventricular hypertrophy 57(50.4%), hypertensive retinopathy 30(26.3%), and chronic kidney disease 27(23.3%). Major events during 6-month follow-up were hospitalizations in 10.3% and death in 8.6% of the patients. Worsening of target organ damage occurred in 10 patients: four stroke, two heart failure, and four renal damage. Patients with severe hypertension and target organ damage were young with high-risk profile, low hypertension control, and high occurrence of complications during short-term follow-up. Efforts to improve high blood pressure control are needed to reduce premature mortality in this highly endemic poor setting., (© 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.)
Published: 2019
Full Text: View/download PDF

48. Nutritional profile of newborns with microcephaly and factors associated with worse outcomes.

Author: Dos Santos SFM, Soares FVM, de Abranches AD, da Costa ACC, Gomes-Júnior SCDS, Fonseca VM, and Moreira MEL
Subjects: Adolescent, Adult, Female, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Microcephaly virology, Risk Factors, Severity of Illness Index, Socioeconomic Factors, Young Adult, Microcephaly physiopathology, Nutritional Status physiology, Zika Virus Infection complications
Abstract: Objective: To describe the nutritional profile of newborns with microcephaly and factors associated with worse outcomes during the first 14 days of life., Methods: This investigation is a longitudinal, descriptive study carried out in 21 full-term neonates exposed vertically to the Zika virus and hospitalized in a neonatal intensive care unit from February to September 2016. Patients receiving parenteral nutrition were excluded. Data analysis was performed using a generalized estimating equation model and Student's t-test to evaluate the association between worsening weight-for-age z-scores and independent clinical, sociodemographic and nutritional variables during hospitalization, with p<0.05 indicating significance., Results: During hospitalization, there was a decrease in the mean values of the weight-for-age z-scores. The factors associated with worse nutritional outcomes were symptomatic exposure to the Zika virus, low maternal schooling, absence of maternal income and consumption of infant formula (p<0.05). Calcification and severe microcephaly were also associated with poor nutritional outcomes. Energy and macronutrient consumption remained below the recommendations and had an upward trend during hospitalization., Conclusion: The presence of cerebral calcification, the severity of microcephaly and symptomatic maternal exposure to Zika virus affected the nutritional status of newborns. In terms of nutritional factors, human milk intake had a positive impact, reducing weight loss in the first days of life. Other known factors, such as income and maternal schooling, were still associated with a poor nutritional status.
Published: 2019
Full Text: View/download PDF

49. High-resolution computed tomography findings in young infants with cystic fibrosis detected by newborn screening.

Author: Cohen RWF, Folescu TW, Boechat MCB, Fonseca VM, Marques EA, and Leão RS
Subjects: Bronchiectasis diagnostic imaging, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Male, Tomography, X-Ray Computed methods, Cystic Fibrosis diagnostic imaging, Neonatal Screening
Abstract: Objective: High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) allows the early detection of pathological changes in the lung structure, and reproducible scoring systems can be used to quantify chest computed tomography (CT) findings in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). The aim of the study was to describe early HRCT findings according to a validated scoring system in infants with CF diagnosed by newborn screening (NBS)., Methods: This cross-sectional study included infants with CF diagnosed by NBS who were born between January 2013 and January 2017 and who underwent HRCT scanning within the first year after diagnosis when they were clinically stable. The CT scans were evaluated using the modified Bhalla score., Results: Thirty-two subjects underwent HRCT scanning. The mean total-modified Bhalla score was 3.6±2.1, and 93.8% of the scans were abnormal. Pseudomonas aeruginosa airway colonization was associated with increased modified Bhalla score values. Bronchial wall thickening was the most common feature (90.6%), followed by bronchial collapse/consolidation (59.4%), mosaic attenuation/perfusion (50%), bronchiectasis (37.5%) and mucus plugging (15.6%). Bronchial wall thickening was diffuse in most of the patients., Conclusion: A substantial proportion of infants diagnosed with CF after detection by NBS already showed evidence of lung disease. P. aeruginosa colonization was associated with increased Bhalla scores, highlighting the importance of this CF pathogen in early structural lung disease. The presence of bronchial wall thickening at such a young age may reflect the presence of airway inflammatory processes. The detection and quantification of structural abnormalities with the modified Bhalla score may aid in the identification of lung disease before it is clinically apparent.
Published: 2019
Full Text: View/download PDF

50. Mortality Surveillance Methods to Identify and Characterize Deaths in Child Health and Mortality Prevention Surveillance Network Sites.

Author: Salzberg NT, Sivalogan K, Bassat Q, Taylor AW, Adedini S, El Arifeen S, Assefa N, Blau DM, Chawana R, Cain CJ, Cain KP, Caneer JP, Garel M, Gurley ES, Kaiser R, Kotloff KL, Mandomando I, Morris T, Nyamthimba Onyango P, Sazzad HMS, Scott JAG, Seale AC, Sitoe A, Sow SO, Tapia MD, Whitney EA, Worrell MC, Zielinski-Gutierrez E, Madhi SA, Raghunathan PL, Koplan JP, and Breiman RF
Subjects: Africa South of the Sahara epidemiology, Asia epidemiology, Autopsy trends, Child, Global Health trends, Humans, Population Surveillance methods, Stillbirth epidemiology, Cause of Death trends, Child Health trends, Child Mortality trends
Abstract: Despite reductions over the past 2 decades, childhood mortality remains high in low- and middle-income countries in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. In these settings, children often die at home, without contact with the health system, and are neither accounted for, nor attributed with a cause of death. In addition, when cause of death determinations occur, they often use nonspecific methods. Consequently, findings from models currently utilized to build national and global estimates of causes of death are associated with substantial uncertainty. Higher-quality data would enable stakeholders to effectively target interventions for the leading causes of childhood mortality, a critical component to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals by eliminating preventable perinatal and childhood deaths. The Child Health and Mortality Prevention Surveillance (CHAMPS) Network tracks the causes of under-5 mortality and stillbirths at sites in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia through comprehensive mortality surveillance, utilizing minimally invasive tissue sampling (MITS), postmortem laboratory and pathology testing, verbal autopsy, and clinical and demographic data. CHAMPS sites have established facility- and community-based mortality notification systems, which aim to report potentially eligible deaths, defined as under-5 deaths and stillbirths within a defined catchment area, within 24-36 hours so that MITS can be conducted quickly after death. Where MITS has been conducted, a final cause of death is determined by an expert review panel. Data on cause of death will be provided to local, national, and global stakeholders to inform strategies to reduce perinatal and childhood mortality in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia., (© The Author(s) 2019. Published by Oxford University Press for the Infectious Diseases Society of America.)
Published: 2019
Full Text: View/download PDF

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources

See catalog results

Searchworks

Select search scope, currently: Articles Catalog books, media & more in Jio Institute collections Articles journal articles & other e-resources

Search

Search Constraints

Refine your results

Search Limiters

Topic

Publication Year Range

Language

Publication Type

Journal

Region

Database

Publisher

94 results on '"Instituto nacional de saude"'

Search Results

Catalog

Select search scope, currently: Articles

Catalog

books, media & more in Jio Institute collections

Articles

journal articles & other e-resources