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827 results on '"Institute of Vertebrate Biology"'

1. Commensalism outweighs phylogeographical structure in its effect on phenotype of a Sudanian savanna rodent

Author: Ondřej Mikula, Shirley C. Nimo-Paintsil, Sama Gagaré, Elisabeth Fichet-Calvet, Christiane Denys, Ayodeji Olayemi, Gauthier Dobigny, Violaine Nicolas, Zbyszek Boratyński, Josef Bryja, Rainer Hutterer, Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB ), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Origine, structure et évolution de la biodiversité, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (UMR CBGP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine (LSTM), Département Formation Recherche, Centre Régional AGRHYMET (CRA), Section of Mammals, Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig, Obafemi Awolowo University (OAU), Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (ASCR), Institute of Vertebrate Biology of the Czech Academy of Sciences (IVB / CAS), Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences (IAPG / CAS), University of South Bohemia, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Universidade do Porto, Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources (CIBIO-InBio), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Ecole Polytechnique d'Abomey Calavi (EPAC), University of Abomey Calavi (UAC), Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine - Bernhard-Nocht-Institut für Tropenmedizin [Hamburg, Germany] (BNITM), U.S. Naval Medical Research Unit-3, U.S. Naval Medical Research Unit, Department of Botany and Zoology [Brno] (SCI / MUNI), Faculty of Science [Brno] (SCI / MUNI), Masaryk University [Brno] (MUNI)-Masaryk University [Brno] (MUNI), This study was supported by the SYNTHESYS programme (FR-TAF-3697 to O.M.), the Czech Science Foundation (CSF, project no. 15-20229S to J.B.), the Global Emerging Infections Surveillance and Response (GEIS) of the US Armed Forces Health Surveillance Center (AFHSC, C0238_10_ N3, C0435_11_N3 and C0687_ 12_N3 to S.C.), the European Foundation Initiative for African Research into Neglected Tropical Diseases (EFINTD, grants 1/85/022 and 89 540 to A.O.) and the German Research Foundation (DFG, and grant FI 1781/2-1 to E.F.-C.). The research in Mauritania (by Z.B.) was approved by the Ministere Delegue aupres du Premier Ministre Charge de l'Environnement et du Developpement durable of Mauritania (no. 227, 8 November 2012) and was supported by the National Geographic Foundation (grant GEFNE53-12).
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Mitochondrial DNA, commensalism, Rodent, Lineage (evolution), [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Sudanian savanna, phylogeography, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Ecological speciation, 03 medical and health sciences, Praomys, biology.animal, Clade, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, biology, species differentiation, Sudanian, Commensalism, biology.organism_classification, savanna, Phylogeography, 030104 developmental biology, Evolutionary biology, rodents
Abstract: The murid rodent Praomys daltoni is widespread in Sudanian savanna and woodlands of West Africa, and previous study of mitochondrial DNA variability suggested that it encompasses the phenotypically (small, grey-bellied) and ecologically (commensal) distinct form, Praomys derooi. Here, we comprehensively examined the genetic and morphological diversity within the complex. Six mitochondrial lineages showed a fine-scale phylogeographical pattern, whereas delimitation based on nuclear loci pooled four of them into a single widespread unit. A newly discovered lineage from southern Mauritania stands apart from the rest of the complex and might represent an unrecognized species. At the same time, the internal position of P. derooi (C2 mitochondrial lineage) was confirmed by the multilocus analysis. The magnitude of genetic distances between major phylogeographical lineages was typical for interspecific divergence in other clades of Praomys, despite the little differences among them in morphology (skull and upper molar row shapes). The most pronounced morphological shift was associated with a transition to commensalism, especially in P. derooi, but also in other lineages. This makes the whole complex a suitable model for the study of phenotypic novelty, the evolution of commensalism and conditions for ecological speciation.
Published: 2020
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2. Fractal measures in activity patterns: Do gastrointestinal parasites affect the complexity of sheep behaviour?

Author: Akiko Kato, Jade Burgunder, Klára J. Petrželková, David Modrý, Andrew J. J. MacIntosh, Department of Pathological Morphology and Parasitology [Brno], University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences [Brno] (VFU), Institute of Vertebrate Biology of the Czech Academy of Sciences (IVB / CAS), Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Kyoto University [Kyoto], Department of Pathology and Parasitology [Czech Republic], University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Vertebrate Biology [Czech Republic], Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (ASCR), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Behavioural complexity, Strongylid infection, Zoology, Affect (psychology), Generalized linear mixed model, 03 medical and health sciences, Fractal, Food Animals, Fractal analysis, Ovis, 2. Zero hunger, Sheep, biology, business.industry, 0402 animal and dairy science, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, biology.organism_classification, 040201 dairy & animal science, Gastrointestinal parasites, 030104 developmental biology, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Detrended fluctuation analysis, Health monitoring, Animal Science and Zoology, Livestock, business
Abstract: International audience; Gastrointestinal nematodes are known to be one of the most economically important parasites in livestock production. In order to test whether fractal analysis of behaviour can be used as a diagnostic tool for detection of infected animals, we investigated fractal patterns in the behavioural activity of domestic sheep (Ovis aries) in relation to strongylid infection. Temporal dynamics in activity patterns of 20 sheep were recorded at high resolutions using tri-axial accelerometer loggers attached to the neck of naturally infected subjects. We measured fractal dynamics in the resultant acceleration time series, divided into periods of activity and inactivity, using several fractal methods and tested the prediction that temporal complexity in the activity patterns of infected control sheep and experimentally dewormed sheep should differ. Detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) revealed that sheep behaviour sequences were characterized by long-range correlations, meaning that acceleration fluctuations are not random but depend on long-term activity events. Generalized linear mixed models built to test for the effect of deworming on fractal estimates showed that the temporal organization of sheep activity varies with the status of strongylid infection. Our results indicate that sheep treated with anthelmintics exhibited a higher complexity in their activity sequences than parasitized sheep, suggesting that organizational patterns of their behaviour change with gastrointestinal parasite infection. Thus, we provide evidence for the potential utility of fractal methods in behavioural welfare monitoring.
Published: 2018
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3. Transcriptomic responses of bat cells to European bat lyssavirus 1 infection under conditions simulating euthermia and hibernation

Author: Markéta Harazim, Juliette Perrot, Hugo Varet, Hervé Bourhy, Julien Lannoy, Jiri Pikula, Veronika Seidlová, Laurent Dacheux, Natália Martínková, Institute of Vertebrate Biology of the Czech Academy of Sciences (IVB / CAS), Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), Masaryk University [Brno] (MUNI), Lyssavirus, épidémiologie et neuropathologie - Lyssavirus Epidemiology and Neuropathology, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Hub Bioinformatique et Biostatistique - Bioinformatics and Biostatistics HUB, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences [Brno] (VFU), and This study was supported by The Czech Science Foundation (17-20286S), Masaryk University grant MUNI/A/1098/2019, RECETOX Research Infrastructure (No. LM2018121) financed by the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports, and the Operational Programme Research, Development and Education (the CETOCOEN EXCELLENCE project No. CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/17_043/0009632), and Institut Pasteur. MetaCentrum computational resources were supplied by the project 'e-Infrastruktura CZ' (e-INFRA CZ LM2018140) supported by the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic. MH’s stay at Institut Pasteur was supported by the Barrande fellowship program provided by the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
Subjects: Innate immunity, In vitro infection model, Chiroptera, Hibernation, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Immunology, Myotis myotis, Antiviral state, Heat shock proteins (HSPs), Transcriptome, Lyssaviruses, EBLV-1
Abstract: Background Coevolution between pathogens and their hosts decreases host morbidity and mortality. Bats host and can tolerate viruses which can be lethal to other vertebrate orders, including humans. Bat adaptations to infection include localized immune response, early pathogen sensing, high interferon expression without pathogen stimulation, and regulated inflammatory response. The immune reaction is costly, and bats suppress high-cost metabolism during torpor. In the temperate zone, bats hibernate in winter, utilizing a specific behavioural adaptation to survive detrimental environmental conditions and lack of energy resources. Hibernation torpor involves major physiological changes that pose an additional challenge to bat-pathogen coexistence. Here, we compared bat cellular reaction to viral challenge under conditions simulating hibernation, evaluating the changes between torpor and euthermia. Results We infected the olfactory nerve-derived cell culture of Myotis myotis with an endemic bat pathogen, European bat lyssavirus 1 (EBLV-1). After infection, the bat cells were cultivated at two different temperatures, 37 °C and 5 °C, to examine the cell response during conditions simulating euthermia and torpor, respectively. The mRNA isolated from the cells was sequenced and analysed for differential gene expression attributable to the temperature and/or infection treatment. In conditions simulating euthermia, infected bat cells produce an excess signalling by multitude of pathways involved in apoptosis and immune regulation influencing proliferation of regulatory cell types which can, in synergy with other produced cytokines, contribute to viral tolerance. We found no up- or down-regulated genes expressed in infected cells cultivated at conditions simulating torpor compared to non-infected cells cultivated under the same conditions. When studying the reaction of uninfected cells to the temperature treatment, bat cells show an increased production of heat shock proteins (HSPs) with chaperone activity, improving the bat’s ability to repair molecular structures damaged due to the stress related to the temperature change. Conclusions The lack of bat cell reaction to infection in conditions simulating hibernation may contribute to the virus tolerance or persistence in bats. Together with the cell damage repair mechanisms induced in response to hibernation, the immune regulation may promote bats’ ability to act as reservoirs of zoonotic viruses such as lyssaviruses.
Published: 2023
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4. First Expert Elicitation of Knowledge on Possible Drivers of Observed Increasing Human Cases of Tick-Borne Encephalitis in Europe

Author: Claude Saegerman, Marie-France Humblet, Marc Leandri, Gaëlle Gonzalez, Paul Heyman, Hein Sprong, Monique L’Hostis, Sara Moutailler, Sarah I. Bonnet, Nadia Haddad, Nathalie Boulanger, Stephen L. Leib, Thierry Hoch, Etienne Thiry, Laure Bournez, Jana Kerlik, Aurélie Velay, Solveig Jore, Elsa Jourdain, Emmanuelle Gilot-Fromont, Katharina Brugger, Julia Geller, Marie Studahl, Nataša Knap, Tatjana Avšič-Županc, Daniel Růžek, Tizza P. Zomer, René Bødker, Thomas F. H. Berger, Sandra Martin-Latil, Nick De Regge, Alice Raffetin, Sandrine A. Lacour, Matthias Klein, Tinne Lernout, Elsa Quillery, Zdeněk Hubálek, Francisco Ruiz-Fons, Agustín Estrada-Peña, Philippe Fravalo, Pauline Kooh, Florence Etore, Céline M. Gossner, Bethan Purse, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire [Liège], Université de Liège, SOUtenabilité et RésilienCE (SOURCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Nord]), Virologie UMR1161 (VIRO), École nationale vétérinaire - Alfort (ENVA)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Queen Astrid Military Hospital [Brussels], National Institute for Public Health and the Environment [Bilthoven] (RIVM), Retraité, École nationale vétérinaire, agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS), Biologie moléculaire et immunologie parasitaires et fongiques (BIPAR), École nationale vétérinaire - Alfort (ENVA)-Laboratoire de santé animale, sites de Maisons-Alfort et de Normandie, Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Écologie et Émergence des Pathogènes Transmis par les Arthropodes / Ecology and Emergence of Arthropod-borne Pathogens, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Département Santé Animale (DEPT SA), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Virulence bactérienne précoce : fonctions cellulaires et contrôle de l'infection aiguë et subaiguë, Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), Universität Bern [Bern] (UNIBE), Biologie, Epidémiologie et analyse de risque en Santé Animale (BIOEPAR), École nationale vétérinaire, agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire de la rage et de la faune sauvage de Nancy (LRFSN), Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), Department of Epidemiology, Regional Authority of Public Health in Banská Bystrica, Immuno-Rhumatologie Moléculaire, Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Norwegian Institute of Public Health [Oslo] (NIPH), Unité Mixte de Recherche d'Épidémiologie des maladies Animales et zoonotiques (UMR EPIA), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), GÖG/ÖBIG (Gesundheit Österreich GmbH/Österreichisches Bundesinstitut für Gesundheitswesen)—Health Austria Ltd./Division of the Austrian Federal Institute for Health, National institute for health development Talinn, University of Gothenburg (GU), University of Ljubljana, Institute of Parasitology [České Budějovice] (BIOLOGY CENTRE CAS), Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences (BIOLOGY CENTRE CAS), Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS)-Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), Masaryk University [Brno] (MUNI), Veterinary Research Institute [Brno] (VRI), Lyme Center Apeldoorn, Gelre Hospital, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), Agroscope, Laboratoire de sécurité des aliments de Maisons-Alfort (LSAl), Sciensano [Bruxelles], Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal Villeneuve-Saint-Georges (CHIV), Klinikum der Universitat Munchen, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU), Direction de l'Evaluation des Risques (DER), Institute of Vertebrate Biology of the Czech Academy of Sciences (IVB / CAS), Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), Catalonia Institute for Energy Research (IREC), University of Zaragoza - Universidad de Zaragoza [Zaragoza], Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM), Metabiot (Metabiot), HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM), UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control [Stockholm, Sweden] (ECDC), Maastricht University Medical Centre (MUMC), Maastricht University [Maastricht], and This research received no external funding.
Subjects: clustering analysis, Dermacentor reticulatus, genus Ixodes, 610 Medicine & health, drivers, multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA), MESH: Ixodes, ticks, expert elicitation, TBEV, tick-borne encephalitis (TBE), Infectious Diseases, flavivirus, sensitivity analysis, Virology, MESH: Dermacentor, 570 Life sciences, biology, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, MESH: Europe, uncertainty, 610 Medizin und Gesundheit, MESH: Encephalitis, Tick-Borne, 570 Biowissenschaften, Biologie
Abstract: International audience; Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is a viral disease endemic in Eurasia. The virus is mainly transmitted to humans via ticks and occasionally via the consumption of unpasteurized milk products. The European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control reported an increase in TBE incidence over the past years in Europe as well as the emergence of the disease in new areas. To better understand this phenomenon, we investigated the drivers of TBE emergence and increase in incidence in humans through an expert knowledge elicitation. We listed 59 possible drivers grouped in eight domains and elicited forty European experts to: (i) allocate a score per driver, (ii) weight this score within each domain, and (iii) weight the different domains and attribute an uncertainty level per domain. An overall weighted score per driver was calculated, and drivers with comparable scores were grouped into three terminal nodes using a regression tree analysis. The drivers with the highest scores were: (i) changes in human behavior/activities; (ii) changes in eating habits or consumer demand; (iii) changes in the landscape; (iv) influence of humidity on the survival and transmission of the pathogen; (v) difficulty to control reservoir(s) and/or vector(s); (vi) influence of temperature on virus survival and transmission; (vii) number of wildlife compartments/groups acting as reservoirs or amplifying hosts; (viii) increase of autochthonous wild mammals; and (ix) number of tick species vectors and their distribution. Our results support researchers in prioritizing studies targeting the most relevant drivers of emergence and increasing TBE incidence.
Published: 2023
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5. Lifespan and telomere length variation across populations of wild‐derived African killifish

Author: Miguel Godinho Ferreira, Tania Ferreira, Radim Blažek, Martin Reichard, Milan Vrtílek, Matej Polačik, Ahmed Maouche, Kety Giannetti, Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência [Oeiras] (IGC), Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian, Institut de Recherche sur le Cancer et le Vieillissement (IRCAN), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), and COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0303 health sciences, Telomerase, [SDV.GEN.GPO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], Adaptive value, biology, Cell division, Period (gene), biology.organism_classification, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Telomere, Nothobranchius furzeri, 03 medical and health sciences, Evolutionary biology, Genetics, Juvenile, Killifish, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 030304 developmental biology
Abstract: Telomeres and telomerase prevent the continuous erosion of chromosome-ends caused by lifelong cell division. Shortened telomeres are associated with age-related pathologies. While short telomere length is positively correlated with increased lethality at the individual level, in comparisons across species short telomeres are associated with long (and not short) lifespans. Here, we tested this contradiction between individual and evolutionary patterns in telomere length using African annual killifish. We analysed lifespan and telomere length in a set of captive strains derived from well-defined wild populations of Nothobranchius furzeri and its sister species, N. kadleci, from sites along a strong gradient of aridity which ultimately determines maximum natural lifespan. Overall, males were shorter-lived than females, and also had shorter telomeres. Male lifespan (measured in controlled laboratory conditions) was positively associated with the amount of annual rainfall in the site of strain origin. However, fish from wetter climates had shorter telomeres. In addition, individual fish which grew largest over the juvenile period possessed shorter telomeres at the onset of adulthood. This demonstrates that individual condition and environmentally-driven selection indeed modulate the relationship between telomere length and lifespan in opposite directions, validating the existence of inverse trends within a single taxon. Intra-individual heterogeneity of telomere length (capable to detect very short telomeres) was not associated with mean telomere length, suggesting that the shortest telomeres are controlled by regulatory pathways other than those that determine mean telomere length. The substantial variation in telomere length between strains from different environments identifies killifish as a powerful system in understanding the adaptive value of telomere length.
Published: 2021
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6. The changing pace of insular life: 5000 years of microevolution in the orkney vole (microtus arvalis orcadensis)

Author: Cucchi, Thomas, Barnett, Ross, Martinkova, Natalia, Renaud, Sabrina, Renvoise, Elodie, Evin, Allowen, Sheridan, Alison, Mainland, Ingrid, Wickham-Jones, Caroline, Tougard, Christelle, Quere, Jean-Pierre, Pascal, Michel, Heckel, Gerald, O'Higgins, Paul, Searle, Jeremy B., Dobney, Keith. M., Archéozoologie, archéobotanique : sociétés, pratiques et environnements (AASPE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Durham Evolution and Ancient DNA, Department of Archaeology, Durham University, Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (ASCR), Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses, Masaryk University, Ecologie et évolution des populations, Département écologie évolutive [LBBE], Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Biotechnology, Department of Archaeology, University of Aberdeen, National Museums of Scotland, University of the Highlands and Islands (UHI), Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2), Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (UMR CBGP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Écologie et santé des écosystèmes (ESE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Computational and Molecular Population Genetics (CMPG), Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Genopode, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Centre for Anatomical and Human Sciences. Hull York Medical School, University of York [York, UK], Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Vertebrate Biology of the Czech Academy of Sciences (IVB / CAS), Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses [Brno] (IBA MED / MUNI), Faculty of Medicine [Brno] (MED / MUNI), Masaryk University [Brno] (MUNI)-Masaryk University [Brno] (MUNI), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics [Lausanne] (SIB), and Université de Lausanne (UNIL)-Université de Lausanne (UNIL)
Subjects: [SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, Animal biology, divergence morphologique, island evolution, archéologie, [SDV.BA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology, orcades, Dispersal, tooth shape, écosse, conditionnement climatique, Agricultural sciences, stase, evolutionary rate, geometric morphometrics, zooarchaeology, campagnol, Biologie animale, évolution génétique des populations, Sciences agricoles, phénotype dentaire
Abstract: Island evolution may be expected to involve fast initial morphological divergence followed by stasis. We tested this model using the dental phenotype of modern and ancient common voles (Microtus arvalis), introduced onto the Orkney archipelago (Scotland) from continental Europe some 5000 years ago. First, we investigated phenotypic divergence of Orkney and continental European populations and assessed climatic influences. Second, phenotypic differentiation among Orkney populations was tested against geography, time, and neutral genetic patterns. Finally, we examined evolutionary change along a time series for the Orkney Mainland. Molar gigantism and anterior-lobe hypertrophy evolved rapidly in Orkney voles following introduction, without any transitional forms detected. Founder events and adaptation appear to explain this initial rapid evolution. Idiosyncrasy in dental features among different island populations of Orkney voles is also likely the result of local founder events following Neolithic translocation around the archipelago. However, against our initial expectations, a second marked phenotypic shift occurred between the 4th and 12th centuries AD, associated with increased pastoral farming and introduction of competitors (mice and rats) and terrestrial predators (foxes and cats). These results indicate that human agency can generate a more complex pattern of morphological evolution than might be expected in island rodents.
Published: 2014
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7. Detection and genetic diversity of Mopeia virus in Mastomys natalensis from different habitats in the Limpopo National Park, Mozambique

Author: Lourenço Mapaco, Laurent Crespin, Dércio Rodrigues, Joelle Gouy de Bellocq, Josef Bryja, Mathieu Bourgarel, Dorothée Missé, Alexandre Caron, Jose Fafetine, Julien Cappelle, Florian Liégeois, Mozambique Institute of Agricultural Research (IIAM), Animal, Santé, Territoires, Risques et Ecosystèmes (UMR ASTRE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Unité Mixte de Recherche d'Épidémiologie des maladies Animales et zoonotiques (UMR EPIA), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institute of Vertebrate Biology of the Czech Academy of Sciences (IVB / CAS), Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), Département Systèmes Biologiques (Cirad-BIOS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM), Eduardo Mondlane University, University of Zimbabwe (UZ), This work was publicly funded through ANR (the French National Research Agency) under the 'Investissements d'avenir' program with the reference ANR-16-IDEX-0006., and ANR-16-IDEX-0006,MUSE,MUSE(2016)
Subjects: Microbiology (medical), [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Parks, Recreational, Mammarenavirus, L73 - Maladies des animaux, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, Microbiology, Virus des animaux, Rodent Diseases, Variation génétique, Mastomys natalensis, Genetics, Animals, Arenaviridae Infections, Surveillance épidémiologique, Arenaviridae, Molecular Biology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Phylogeny, Ecosystem, Mozambique, [SDV.GEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics, Infectious Diseases, Maladie des animaux, Murinae
Abstract: International audience; Mammarenaviruses have been a growing concern for public health in Africa since the 1970s when Lassa virus cases in humans were first described in west Africa. In southern Africa, a single outbreak of Lujo virus was reported to date in South Africa in 2008 with a case fatality rate of 80%. The natural reservoir of Lassa virus is Mastomys natalensis while for the Lujo virus the natural host has yet to be identified. Mopeia virus was described for the first time in M. natalensis in the central Mozambique in 1977 but few studies have been conducted in the region. In this study, rodents were trapped between March and November 2019in villages, croplands fields and mopane woodland forest. The aim was to assess the potential circulation and to evaluate the genetic diversity of mammarenaviruses in M. natalensis trapped in the Limpopo National Park and its buffer zone in Massingir district, Mozambique. A total of 534 M. natalensis were screened by RT-PCR and the overall proportion of positive individuals was 16.9%. No significant differences were detected between the sampled habitats (chi 2 = 0.018; DF = 1; p = 0.893). The Mopeia virus (bootstrap value 91%) was the Mammarenavirus circulating in the study area sites, forming a specific sub-clade with eight different sub-clusters. We concluded that Mopeia virus circulates in all habitats investigated and it forms a different sub-clade to the one reported in central Mozambique in 1977.
Published: 2021
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8. Multilocus phylogeny of African striped grass mice (Lemniscomys): Stripe pattern only partly reflects evolutionary relationships

Author: Ondřej Mikula, Violaine Nicolas, Radim Šumbera, Adam Konečný, Laurent Granjon, Alexandra Hánová, Josef Bryja, Leonid A. Lavrenchenko, Christiane Denys, Institute of Vertebrate Biology of the Czech Academy of Sciences (IVB / CAS), Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), Department of Botany and Zoology [Brno] (SCI / MUNI), Faculty of Science [Brno] (SCI / MUNI), Masaryk University [Brno] (MUNI)-Masaryk University [Brno] (MUNI), Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB ), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (UMR CBGP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS), University of South Bohemia, and The study was supported by the bilateral project of the Russian Foundation for Basic Research and the Czech Science Foundation (nos. 19-54-26003 and 20-07091J, respectively). Samples utilised in the study have been lawfully acquired and were collected prior to The Nagoya Protocol on Access to Genetic Resources and the Fair and Equitable Sharing of Benefits Arising from Their Utilization to the Convention on Biological Diversity has been in effect.
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Striped pelage colouration, Time Factors, media_common.quotation_subject, Biogeography, Climate, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Allopatric speciation, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, DNA, Mitochondrial, 03 medical and health sciences, Species Specificity, Phylogenetics, Genetics, Animals, Zebra mouse, Sigmodontinae, Grass mouse, Molecular Biology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Africa South of the Sahara, Phylogeny, media_common, Phylogenetic tree, Geography, Sub-Saharan Africa, Genetic Variation, Arvicanthis, Bayes Theorem, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Mitochondria, Speciation, 030104 developmental biology, Taxon, Haplotypes, Evolutionary biology, Genetic Loci, Molecular phylogenetics, Calibration
Abstract: International audience; Murine rodents are one of the most evolutionary successful groups of extant mammals. They are also important for human as vectors and reservoirs of zoonoses and agricultural pests. Unfortunately, their fast and relatively recent diversification impedes our understanding of phylogenetic relationships and species limits of many murine taxa, including those with very conspicuous phenotype that has been frequently used for taxonomic purposes. One of such groups are the striped grass mice (genus Lemniscomys), distributed across sub-Saharan Africa in 11 currently recognized species. These are traditionally classified into three morphological groups according to different pelage colouration on the back: (a) L. barbarus group (three species) with several continuous pale longitudinal stripes; (b) L. striatus group (four species) with pale stripes diffused into short lines or dots; and (c) L. griselda group (four species) with a single mid-dorsal black stripe. Here we reconstructed the most comprehensive molecular phylogeny of the genus Lemniscomys to date, using the largest currently available multi-locus genetic dataset of all but two species. The results show four main lineages (=species complexes) with the distribution corresponding to the major biogeographical regions of Africa. Surprisingly, the four phylogenetic lineages are only in partial agreement with the morphological classification, suggesting that the single-stripe and/or multi-striped phenotypes evolved independently in multiple lineages. Divergence dating showed the split of Lemniscomys and Arvicanthis genera at the beginning of Pleistocene; most of subsequent speciation processes within Lemniscomys were affected by Pleistocene climate oscillations, with predominantly allopatric diversification in fragmented savanna biome. We propose taxonomic suggestions and directions for future research of this striking group of African rodents.
Published: 2021
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9. Elevated temperature and deposited sediment jointly affect early life history traits in southernmost Arctic char populations

Author: Emilien Lasne, Guillaume Evanno, Jean Guillard, Martin Daufresne, Lisandrina Mari, Centre Alpin de Recherche sur les Réseaux Trophiques et Ecosystèmes Limniques (CARRTEL), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institute of Vertebrate Biology of the Czech Academy of Sciences (IVB / CAS), Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), Risques, Ecosystèmes, Vulnérabilité, Environnement, Résilience (RECOVER), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Écologie et santé des écosystèmes (ESE), AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-INSTITUT AGRO Agrocampus Ouest, and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, biology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, [SDV.BA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology, fungi, Global warming, Sediment, Biota, 15. Life on land, Aquatic Science, biology.organism_classification, Affect (psychology), 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Early life, Oceanography, 13. Climate action, Benthic zone, Arctic char, Environmental science, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract: International audience; The combination of global warming and local stressors can have dramatic consequences on freshwater biota. Sediment deposition is an important pressure that can affect benthic species and benthic ontogenetic stages (eggs and larvae) habitat quality. However, knowledge on the effects of sediment in a warming context is lacking. We used a common garden approach to examine the effects of combined exposure to elevated temperature and deposited sediment on early life history traits in offspring of four wild Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) populations, originating from geographically isolated lakes at the southern edge of the species range. We report interactive effects of temperature and sediment, with higher temperature exacerbating the negative effects of sediments on the duration of the incubation period and on the body size – yolk expenditure trade-off during development. Our results highlight that reevaluating the impacts of sediment on organisms under the lens of global warming and at the scale of several wild populations is needed to improve our understanding of how vulnerable species can respond to environmental changes.; La combinaison du réchauffement planétaire et de facteurs de stress locaux peut avoir des conséquences dramatiques sur le biote d'eau douce. Le dépôt de sédiments exerce une importante pression qui peut avoir une incidence sur les espèces benthiques et la qualité de l'habitat de différents stades ontogénétiques (oeufs et larves) d'organismes benthiques. Les connaissances sur les effets des sédiments dans un contexte de réchauffement manquent toutefois. Nous utilisons une approche de jardin commun pour examiner les effets de l'exposition combinée à des températures accrues et à des sédiments sur des caractères des premières étapes du cycle biologique de la progéniture de quatre populations sauvages d'ombles chevaliers (Salvelinus alpinus) issus de lacs isolés géographiquement situés à la limite sud de l'aire de répartition de l'espèce. Nous faisons état d'effets interactifs de la température et des sédiments, des températures élevées exacerbant les effets négatifs des sédiments sur la durée de la période d'incubation et sur le compromis entre la taille du corps et l'utilisation du vitellus durant le développement. Nos résultats soulignent le fait qu'il est nécessaire de réévaluer les impacts des sédiments sur les organismes dans une optique du réchauffement planétaire et à l'échelle de plusieurs populations sauvages, afin d'améliorer la compréhension des réactions possibles d'espèces vulnérables aux changements environnementaux. [Traduit par la Rédaction]
Published: 2021
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10. At least seven distinct rotavirus genotype constellations in bats with evidence of reassortment and zoonotic transmissions

Author: Ceren Simsek, Alexander N. Lukashev, Ward Deboutte, Yaw Adu Sarkodie, Daan Jansen, Hermann Ulrich Everling, Kwe Claude Yinda, Tabea Binger, Florian Gloza-Rausch, Eric M. Leroy, Mathieu Bourgarel, Leen Beller, Victor M. Corman, Augustina Sylverken, Stoian Yordanov, Marc Van Ranst, Jan Felix Drexler, Samuel Oppong, Gael Darren Maganga, Jelle Matthijnssens, Peter Vallo, Christian Drosten, Antje Seebens-Hoyer, Andrea Rasche, Rega Institute for Medical Research [Leuven, België], Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Charité - UniversitätsMedizin = Charité - University Hospital [Berlin], German Center for Infection Research, Partnersite Munich (DZIF), University of Bonn, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Université des Sciences et Techniques de Masuku [Franceville, Gabon] (USTM), Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville (CIRMF), Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine (KCCR), Noctalis, Centre for Bat Protection and Information, Forestry Board Directorate of Strandja Natural Park, Strandja Natural Park, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology [GHANA] (KNUST), Institute of Vertebrate Biology of the Czech Academy of Sciences (IVB / CAS), Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Animal, Santé, Territoires, Risques et Ecosystèmes (UMR ASTRE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Département Systèmes Biologiques (Cirad-BIOS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie agreement no. 721367 granted to J.F.D., J.M., and M.V.R. EU Horizon 2020 projects EVAg (grant agreement number 653316) and COMPARE (agreement number 643476) granted to C.D., and the Russian Science Foundation grant 19-15-00055 to A.N.L. also provided funding to the current study. H.U.E. had a personal scholarship from the BONFOR intramural program at the University of Bonn. German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) (project code 01KIO16D), Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG DR 772-3/1), Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft within the Africa Infectious Diseases program gave grants to C.D. and Y.A.S. (DR 772/3-1) and to S.O. (KA1241/18-1) that were also among the funding contributions. A personal scholarship granted to A.R. from the German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) supported field work in Costa Rica. D. J. was supported by the Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (Research foundation Flanders) (1S78019N). L.B. was supported by the Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (1S61618N). K.C.Y. was funded by the Interfaculty Council for Development Cooperation (IRO) from the KU Leuven. The computing power in this work was provided by the VSC (Flemish Supercomputer Centre), financed by the FWO and the Flemish government, department EWI., European Project: 777657,H2020-EU.1.3.3. - Stimulating innovation by means of cross-fertilisation of knowledge,777657,MSCA-RISE(2018), European Project: 653316,H2020,H2020-INFRAIA-2014-2015,EVAg(2015), European Project: 643476,H2020,H2020-PHC-2014-single-stage,COMPARE(2014), Universität Bonn = University of Bonn, Université des Sciences et Techniques de Masuku (USTM), and Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST)
Subjects: Rotavirus, Viral metagenomics, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], viruses, Reassortment, medicine.disease_cause, L73 - Maladies des animaux, Genome, Zoonoses, Chiroptera, Genotype, Phylogeny, 0303 health sciences, Phylogenetic tree, Strain (biology), [SDV.BA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology, Zoonosis, virus diseases, QR1-502, 3. Good health, S50 - Santé humaine, Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus, Research Article, Diarrhea, zoonose, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus, relation homme-faune, Genome, Viral, Ecological and Evolutionary Science, Biology, Microbiology, Rotavirus Infections, rotavirus genetic diversity, SA11, 03 medical and health sciences, Coronavirus 2 du syndrome respiratoire aigu sévère, Virology, medicine, Animals, Humans, Horses, Transmission des maladies, 030304 developmental biology, Genetic diversity, 030306 microbiology, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, Genetic Variation, zoonosis, medicine.disease, respiratory tract diseases, Evolutionary biology, bat rotavirus, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Metagenomics, Virus pathogène
Abstract: The increased research on bat coronaviruses after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) allowed the very rapid identification of SARS-CoV-2. This is an excellent example of the importance of knowing viruses harbored by wildlife in general, and bats in particular, for global preparedness against emerging viral pathogens., Bats host many viruses pathogenic to humans, and increasing evidence suggests that rotavirus A (RVA) also belongs to this list. Rotaviruses cause diarrheal disease in many mammals and birds, and their segmented genomes allow them to reassort and increase their genetic diversity. Eighteen out of 2,142 bat fecal samples (0.8%) collected from Europe, Central America, and Africa were PCR-positive for RVA, and 11 of those were fully characterized using viral metagenomics. Upon contrasting their genomes with publicly available data, at least 7 distinct bat RVA genotype constellations (GCs) were identified, which included evidence of reassortments and 6 novel genotypes. Some of these constellations are spread across the world, whereas others appear to be geographically restricted. Our analyses also suggest that several unusual human and equine RVA strains might be of bat RVA origin, based on their phylogenetic clustering, despite various levels of nucleotide sequence identities between them. Although SA11 is one of the most widely used reference strains for RVA research and forms the backbone of a reverse genetics system, its origin remained enigmatic. Remarkably, the majority of the genotypes of SA11-like strains were shared with Gabonese bat RVAs, suggesting a potential common origin. Overall, our findings suggest an underexplored genetic diversity of RVAs in bats, which is likely only the tip of the iceberg. Increasing contact between humans and bat wildlife will further increase the zoonosis risk, which warrants closer attention to these viruses.
Published: 2021
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11. Environment and sex control lifespan and telomere length in wild-derived African killifish

Author: Milan Vrtílek, Miguel Godinho Ferreira, Kety Giannetti, Radim Blazek, Matej Polačik, Tania Ferreira, Martin Reichard, Institute of Vertebrate Biology of the Czech Academy of Sciences (IVB / CAS), Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência [Oeiras] (IGC), Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian, and Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging of Nice (IRCAN)
Subjects: sex differences, 0303 health sciences, telomere, Adaptive value, comparative analysis, media_common.quotation_subject, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Longevity, Negative association, Biology, biology.organism_classification, Telomere, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Nothobranchius, longevity, Evolutionary biology, killifish, Juvenile, Killifish, Length distribution, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, 030304 developmental biology, media_common
Abstract: Telomere length is correlated positively with longevity at the individual level, but negatively when compared across species. Here, we tested the association between lifespan and telomere length in African annual killifish. We analyzed telomere length in 18 Nothobranchius strains derived from diverse habitats and measured the laboratory lifespan of 14 strains of N. furzeri and N. kadleci. We found that males had shorter telomeres than females. The longest telomeres were recorded in strains derived from dry region where male lifespans were shortest. At the individual level, we detected a weak negative association between rapid juvenile growth and shorter telomeres in early adulthood. Overall, average telomere length was a good descriptor of telomere length distribution. However, within-individual telomere length spread was not related to any pattern. This substantial variation in telomere length between strains from different environments provides killifish as powerful tool to understand the evolutionarily adaptive value of telomere length.
Published: 2020

12. Patterns of MHC-dependent mate selection in humans and nonhuman primates: a meta-analysis

Author: László Zsolt Garamszegi, Jamie Winternitz, Jessica L. Abbate, Elise Huchard, Jan Havlíček, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Institute of Vertebrate Biology of the Czech Academy of Sciences (IVB / CAS), Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences (IB / CAS), Institute of Ecology and Evolution [Bern, Switzerland], University of Bern, Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (UMR CBGP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Charles University [Prague] (CU), Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Funding support for JW came from the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation, the European Social Fund (ESF) and the state budget of Czech Republic through the Operational Program Education for Competitiveness (OPEC), Reg. No. CZ.1.07/2.3.00/30.0048. Funding support for JA came from the University of Berne. JH is supported by the Czech Science Foundation Grant (14-02290S). LZG was supported by funds from the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness in Spain (CGL2015-70639-P), and by the National Research, Development and Innovation Office in Hungary (NKFIH, K-115970)., Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Inst. Bot., Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (ASCR), Department of Evolutionary Ecology [Plön], Max-Planck-Gesellschaft-Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Inst. Vertebrate Biol., Insitute of Ecology and Evolution, Universität Bern [Bern], Fac. Sci., Dept. Zool., Charles University, Estn. Biol. Donana, Dept Evolutionary Ecol., Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Inbreeding avoidance, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Population, Good genes, chemical and pharmacologic phenomena, Biology, Major histocompatibility complex, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Major Histocompatibility Complex, 03 medical and health sciences, mating preference, Genetics, Animals, Humans, sexual selection, Marriage, Mating, education, inbreeding avoidance, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, good genes, education.field_of_study, [SDV.GEN.GPO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], [SDV.NEU.PC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Psychology and behavior, Assortative mating, Mating Preference, Animal, major histocompatibility complex, Mating preferences, HLA, Genetics, Population, 030104 developmental biology, Sexual selection, Mate choice, Evolutionary biology, biology.protein, Mating preference
Abstract: Genes of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) in vertebrates are integral for effective adaptive immune response and are associated with sexual selection. Evidence from a range of vertebrates supports MHC-based preference for diverse and dissimilar mating partners, but evidence from human mate choice studies has been disparate and controversial. Methodologies and sampling peculiarities specific to human studies make it difficult to know whether wide discrepancies in results among human populations are real or artefact. To better understand what processes may affect MHC-mediated mate choice across humans and nonhuman primates, we performed phylogenetically controlled meta-analyses using 58 effect sizes from 30 studies across seven primate species. Primates showed a general trend favouring more MHC-diverse mates, which was statistically significant for humans. In contrast, there was no tendency for MHC-dissimilar mate choice, and for humans, we observed effect sizes indicating selection of both MHC-dissimilar and MHC-similar mates. Focusing on MHC-similar effect sizes only, we found evidence that preference for MHC similarity was an artefact of population ethnic heterogeneity in observational studies but not among experimental studies with more control over sociocultural biases. This suggests that human assortative mating biases may be responsible for some patterns of MHC-based mate choice. Additionally, the overall effect sizes of primate MHC-based mating preferences are relatively weak (Fisher's Z correlation coefficient for dissimilarity Zr = 0.044, diversity Zr = 0.153), calling for careful sampling design in future studies. Overall, our results indicate that preference for more MHC-diverse mates is significant for humans and likely conserved across primates.
Published: 2016
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13. The role of detritivory as a feeding tactic in a harsh environment – a case study of weatherfish (Misgurnus fossilis)

Author: Kacper Pyrzanowski, Grzegorz Zięba, Małgorzata Dukowska, Mirosław Przybylski, Carl Smith, Department of Ecology and Vertebrate Zoology, University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland., Department of Ecology and Vertebrate Zoology, University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland. Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Brno, Czech Republic. School of Biology and Bell-Pettigrew Museum of Natural History, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK., and University of St Andrews. School of Biology
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, QH301 Biology, NDAS, lcsh:Medicine, Zoology, Misgurnus, Environment, Article, Statistics, Nonparametric, Predation, QH301, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Animals, Asellus aquaticus, lcsh:Science, Ecosystem, Probability, Abiotic component, Multidisciplinary, Detritus, biology, lcsh:R, Weatherfish, fungi, Detritivore, Temperature, Feeding Behavior, biology.organism_classification, Diet, Oxygen, Cypriniformes, 030104 developmental biology, Taxon, Freshwater ecology, lcsh:Q, Seasons, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Ichthyology
Abstract: This study was supported by the University of Łódź, Grant No. B1711000001529.02 (grants for young scientists). The weatherfish (Misgurnus fossilis) is a species that is tolerant of unfavourable environmental conditions and can survive low dissolved oxygen concentrations and high water temperatures. Although this species occurs across almost the whole of Europe, and is protected in many countries, relatively little is known regarding its ecology. To determine the diet of weatherfish, 120 individuals from an artificial drainage canal in central Poland were collected in two seasons (spring and late summer) with contrasting abiotic condition (oxygen concentration, water temperature and transparency). Analysis of gut fullness showed that weatherfish consumed a greater quantity of food in spring (0.92 ± 0.90) compared with summer (0.20 ± 0.26). Contrary to other cobitid taxa, weatherfish fed actively during daytime in both seasons. An estimate of the importance of each dietary component indicated that the most important food categories were chironomids, copepods, Asellus aquaticus and detritus. SIMPER analysis indicated that these four categories together constituted over 65.8% of cumulative dissimilarity in the diet between seasons. Additionally, trophic niche breadth differed significantly between seasons. The study demonstrated that the weatherfish is an opportunistic feeder, consuming large quantities of detritus despite possessing a gut morphology that is atypical of a detritivore. The quantity of detritus in the gut of weatherfish was positively associated with fish total length and varied seasonally, with a greater quantity of detritus in the diet in late summer. These results demonstrate the importance of detritus as a source of energy, particularly during periods of scarcity of alternative prey categories. Publisher PDF
Published: 2019

14. Red operculum spots, body size, maturation and evidence for a satellite male phenotype in non-native European populations of pumpkinseed Lepomis gibbosus

Author: Gordon H. Copp, Mirosław Przybylski, Michael G. Fox, Hein H. van Kleef, Julien Cucherousset, Eva Záhorská, Carl Smith, Grzegorz Zięba, Hugo Verreycken, Stan Yavno, Gérard Masson, University of St Andrews. School of Biology, University of St Andrews. Marine Alliance for Science & Technology Scotland, University of St Andrews. Scottish Oceans Institute, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science [Lowestoft] (CEFAS), University of Lódź, Institute of Vertebrate Biology of the Czech Academy of Sciences (IVB / CAS), Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), School of Biology [University of St Andrews], University of St Andrews [Scotland], Trent University, Department of Zoology, Tel Aviv University (TAU), Comenius University in Bratislava, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Terre et Environnement de Lorraine (OTELo), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO), Radboud University [Nijmegen], Bournemouth University [Poole] (BU), Tel Aviv University [Tel Aviv], Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Terre et Environnement de Lorraine (OTELo), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, and Radboud university [Nijmegen]
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Centrarchidae, Animal Ecology and Physiology, QH301 Biology, NDAS, Zoology, Aquatic Science, Body size, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Marie curie, Lepomis, 03 medical and health sciences, QH301, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, 14. Life underwater, SH Aquaculture. Fisheries. Angling, SH, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Carotenoid, Ecology, Male Phenotype, biology, Alternative mating strategy, Visual signal, biology.organism_classification, 030104 developmental biology, Sexual selection, visual_art, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, visual_art.visual_art_medium, Operculum (gastropod), GLMM, Environmental Sciences
Abstract: This study, which derives from work initiated as part of a N.A.T.O. Collaborative Linkage Grant (LST‐CLG No. 979499), supported by consecutive research contracts (SF0238 and SF0248) from the UK Department of Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (to GHC), which were complemented by a Marie Curie postdoctoral fellowship (PIEF‐GA‐2008‐219707) and a subsequent research grant from the National Science Centre, Poland (decision No DEC‐2011/01/D/NZ8/01807) to GZ. Carotenoid‐based pigmentation is a striking feature of many taxa, yet the function, if any, of colour traits is often unclear. Pumpkinseed Lepomis gibbosus, a widely introduced freshwater sunfish that exhibits alternative male mating strategies, express a striking, red operculum spot. To investigate the potential function of this red spot as a signal in this species' mating system, we determined the presence and measured the size of red operculum spots in fish collected from 12 populations in five European countries in which pumpkinseed is an established non‐native species. We subsequently related the presence and size of the red spot to body size and mating strategy, based on an analysis of relative gonad size (gonado‐somatic index, GSI), using a mixed modelling approach. The study demonstrated that the presence of a red operculum spot in pumpkinseed is associated with sexual maturation, with GSI frequency distributions suggesting that cuckolders in some non‐native populations comprised both sneaker and satellite males, the latter not having previously been reported for this species. Further, the size of red spot correlated strongly with body size in parental and cuckolder males, although there was no difference in the presence or size of the red operculum spot between male mating strategies. The function of a red operculum spot in females is not clear but may be partly mediated by pleiotropic genetic mechanisms. Red operculum spots appear to function as signals of male maturation and body size in pumpkinseed, irrespective of mating strategy. Postprint
Published: 2018
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15. Fecal microbiota associated with phytohaemagglutinin-induced immune response in nestlings of a passerine bird

Author: Marie Kotasová Adámková, Jakub Kreisinger, Romana Michálková, Adéla Petrželková, Jean-François Martin, Oldřich Tomášek, Tomáš Albrecht, Lucie Schmiedová, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Sciences, Charles University [Prague] (CU), Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (UMR CBGP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Czech Science Foundation : 14-16596P, 15-11782S, Grant Agency of Charles University : 281315, Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic : LH14045, SVV project : 260 434/2018, National Grid Infrastructure MetaCentrum under the program 'Projects of Large Research, Development, and Innovations Infrastructures' : CESNET, LM2015042, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Charles University [Prague], and Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (ASCR)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Ecoimmunology, Zoology, microbiome, chemical and pharmacologic phenomena, Gut flora, fitness, immunity, inflammation, metabarcoding, symbiosis, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, Immune system, Immunity, biology.animal, [SDV.BA.ZV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Vertebrate Zoology, Biologie animale, Hirundo, Microbiome, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Nature and Landscape Conservation, Phytohaemagglutinin, Original Research, Animal biology, Ecology, biology, biology.organism_classification, Passerine, 030104 developmental biology, biology.protein, [SDV.IMM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology
Abstract: International audience; The vertebrate gastrointestinal tract is inhabited by a diverse community of bacteria, the so‐called gut microbiota (GM). Research on captive mammalian models has revealed tight mutual interactions between immune functions and GM. However, our knowledge of GM versus immune system interactions in wild populations and nonmammalian species remains poor. Here, we focus on the association between GM community structure and immune response measured via the phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) skin swelling test in 12‐day‐old nestlings of a passerine bird, the barn swallow (Hirundo rustica). The PHA test, a widely used method in field ecoimmunology, assesses cell‐mediated immunity. GM structure was inferred based on high‐throughput 16S rRNA sequencing of microbial communities in fecal samples. We did not find any association between PHA response and GM diversity; however, our data revealed that the intensity of PHA response was correlated with differences in GM composition at the whole‐community level. Ten bacterial operational taxonomic units corresponding to both putative commensal and pathogens were identified as drivers of the compositional variation. In conclusion, our study suggests existence of GM versus immune system interactions in a free‐living nonmammalian species, which corresponds with previous research on captive vertebrates.
Published: 2018
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16. Sampling to vouchering : collections management at the CBGP

Author: ARTIGE, Emmanuelle, Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (UMR CBGP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), and Institute of Vertebrate Biology. CZE.
Subjects: [SDV.BA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2017

17. 100 million years of multigene family evolution: origin and evolution of the avian MHC class IIB

Author: Marta Promerová, Glenn Yannic, Karen D. McCoy, Julien Goebel, Reto Burri, Maria Strandh, Céline Serbielle, Francesco Bonadonna, Luca Fumagalli, Université de Lausanne (UNIL), Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (ASCR), Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History (MPI-SHH), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3), Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL), Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Evolution of host-microbe communities (MIVEGEC-EVCO), Processus Écologiques et Évolutifs au sein des Communautés (PEEC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA ), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Friedrich-Schiller-Universität = Friedrich Schiller University Jena [Jena, Germany], Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Biotechnology, Genetics, Birds, Birth-death evolution, Concerted evolution, Gene conversion, Gene duplication, Major histocompatibility complex, Recombination, lcsh:QH426-470, lcsh:Biotechnology, Genes, MHC Class II, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Evolution, Molecular, 03 medical and health sciences, Extant taxon, lcsh:TP248.13-248.65, MHC class I, Animals, biology, [SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], myr, lcsh:Genetics, 030104 developmental biology, Evolutionary biology, Multigene Family, biology.protein, Adaptation, Research Article
Abstract: International audience; Background: Gene duplication has led to a most remarkable adaptation involved in vertebrates' host-pathogen arms-race, the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). However, MHC duplication history is as yet poorly understood in non-mammalian vertebrates, including birds. Results: Here, we provide evidence for the evolution of two ancient avian MHC class IIB (MHCIIB) lineages by a duplication event prior to the radiation of all extant birds >100 million years ago, and document the role of concerted evolution in eroding the footprints of the avian MHCIIB duplication history.Results: Here, we provide evidence for the evolution of two ancient avian MHC class IIB (MHCIIB) lineages by a duplication event prior to the radiation of all extant birds >100 million years ago, and document the role of concerted evolution in eroding the footprints of the avian MHCIIB duplication history.Conclusions: Our results suggest that eroded footprints of gene duplication histories may mimic birth-death evolution and that in the avian MHC the presence of the two lineages may have been masked by elevated rates of concerted evolution in several taxa. Through the presence of a range of intermediate evolutionary stages along the homogenizing process of concerted evolution, the avian MHCIIB provides a remarkable illustration of the erosion of multigene family duplication history.
Published: 2017
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18. First report of Rickettsia raoultii and Rickettsia helvetica in Dermacentor reticulatus ticks from the Czech Republic

Author: Jan Mendel, Kristýna Venclíková, Ivo Rudolf, Hana Blažejová, Philippe Parola, Lenka Betášová, Zdeněk Hubálek, Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IFR48, Institut des sciences biologiques (INSB-CNRS)-Institut des sciences biologiques (INSB-CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and INSB-INSB-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Czech, DNA, Bacterial, Male, 030231 tropical medicine, 030106 microbiology, Population, medicine.disease_cause, Microbiology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Dermacentor reticulatus, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, parasitic diseases, medicine, Animals, Rickettsia raoultii, Rickettsia, education, Czech Republic, Dermacentor, education.field_of_study, biology, bacterial infections and mycoses, biology.organism_classification, Virology, language.human_language, 3. Good health, Infectious Diseases, Rickettsia helvetica, Insect Science, language, Parasitology, Female
Abstract: International audience; Tick-borne rickettsioses nowadays present a significant health threat among emerging tick-borne infections. In the study, we screened a total of 997 questing adult Dermacentor reticulatus ticks (576 females and 421 males) collected in Southern Moravia (Czech Republic) from April to September of 2010 and 2011 for the presence of human pathogenic rickettsiae: Here we provide the first evidence on the occurrence of human pathogenic Rickettsia raoultii in the local D. reticulatus population indicating possible future emergence of Dermacentor-borne necrotic erythema and lymphadenopathy (DEBONEL) in the region. (C) 2016 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.
Published: 2016
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19. The future of research on tick-borne pathogens: shifting from the ‘one pathogen-one disease’ vision to the pathobiome paradigm

Author: Muriel Taussat, Maria Kazimirova, Zdenek Hubalek, Sándor Hornok, Róbert Farkas, Sarah Bonnet, Gwenaël Vourc'h, Mihalca, Andrei D., Olivier Plantard, Cornelia Silaghi, Annapaola Rizzoli, Biologie moléculaire et immunologie parasitaires et fongiques (BIPAR), Laboratoire de santé animale, sites de Maisons-Alfort et de Dozulé, Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Institute of Zoology, Université de Neuchâtel (UNINE), Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), Budapest University, Partenaires INRAE, University of Veterinary Medicine, Unité de Recherche d'Épidémiologie Animale (UR EpiA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Department of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Biologie, Epidémiologie et analyse de risque en Santé Animale (BIOEPAR), Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH), Fondazione Edmund Mach - Edmund Mach Foundation [Italie] (FEM), Renaud Lancelot, Sylvie Laurens and Andrew Lewer, École nationale vétérinaire - Alfort (ENVA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Laboratoire de santé animale, sites de Maisons-Alfort et de Dozulé, Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale vétérinaire, agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS)
Subjects: [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2015

20. Ixodes ricinus and Its Transmitted Pathogens in Urban and Peri-Urban Areas in Europe: New Hazards and Relevance for Public Health

Author: Anna Obiegala, Olivier Plantard, Sarah Bonnet, Mária Kazimírová, Annapaola Rizzoli, Muriel Vayssier-Taussat, Cornelia Silaghi, Gábor Földvári, Eva Špitalská, Zdeněk Hubálek, Ivo Rudolf, Research and Innovation Centre, Edmund Mach Foundation (FEM), Comparative Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH), Leipzig University, Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), Szent István University, Biologie, Epidémiologie et analyse de risque en Santé Animale (BIOEPAR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Oniris, UMR BioEpAR, PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM), Biologie Moléculaire et Immunologie Parasitaires et Fongiques, École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Institute of Virology, University of Essen, Ludwig-Maximilians University [Munich] (LMU), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale vétérinaire, agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS), and École nationale vétérinaire - Alfort (ENVA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)
Subjects: Ixodes ricinus, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], animal diseases, Borrelia miyamotoi, Review Article, Tick, medicine.disease_cause, ticks, Wild boar, biology.animal, parasitic diseases, medicine, Borrelia burgdorferi, Babesia divergens, ddc:616, biology, Ecology, lcsh:Public aspects of medicine, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, lcsh:RA1-1270, Settore VET/05 - MALATTIE INFETTIVE DEGLI ANIMALI DOMESTICI, biology.organism_classification, bacterial infections and mycoses, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, 3. Good health, ticks, Ixodes ricinus, tick-borne pathogens, urban habitats, Europe, Europe, Rickettsia helvetica, tick-borne pathogens, Public Health, urban habitats
Abstract: International audience; Tick-borne diseases represent major public and animal health issues worldwide. Ixodes ricinus, primarily associated with deciduous and mixed forests, is the principal vector of causative agents of viral, bacterial, and protozoan zoonotic diseases in Europe. Recently, abundant tick populations have been observed in European urban green areas, which are of public health relevance due to the exposure of humans and domesticated animals to potentially infected ticks. In urban habitats, small and medium-sized mammals, birds, companion animals (dogs and cats), and larger mammals (roe deer and wild boar) play a role in maintenance of tick populations and as reservoirs of tick-borne pathogens. Presence of ticks infected with tick-borne encephalitis virus and high prevalence of ticks infected with Borrelia burgdorferi s.l., causing Lyme borreliosis, have been reported from urbanized areas in Europe. Emerging pathogens, including bacteria of the order Rickettsiales (Anaplasma phagocytophilum, "Candidatus Neoehrlichia mikurensis," Rickettsia helvetica, and R. monacensis), Borrelia miyamotoi, and protozoans (Babesia divergens, B. venatorum, and B. microti) have also been detected in urban tick populations. Understanding the ecology of ticks and their associations with hosts in a European urbanized environment is crucial to quantify parameters necessary for risk pre-assessment and identification of public health strategies for control and prevention of tick-borne diseases.
Published: 2014
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21. Contrasting patterns of polymorphism and selection in bacterial-sensing toll-like receptor 4 in two house mouse subspecies

Author: Fornuskova, Alena, Bryja, Josef, Vinkler, Michal, Macholan, Milos, Pialek, Jaroslav, Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (UMR CBGP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Faculty of Science, Department of Botany and Zoology, Masaryk University [Brno] (MUNI), Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), Faculty of Science - Department of Zoology, Charles University [Prague] (CU), Czech Science Foundation, and Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic
Subjects: pattern-recognition receptors, arms race, parasite-mediated selection, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Adaptive evolution, directional selection, Mus musculus, MAMPs, host-pathogen interaction
Abstract: Times Cited: 0 Vinkler, Michal/G-2072-2011; Pialek, Jaroslav/B-1237-2008; Bryja, Josef/C-3013-2008 Vinkler, Michal/0000-0003-3572-9494; 0; International audience; Detailed investigation of variation in genes involved in pathogen recognition is crucial for understanding co-evolutionary processes between parasites and their hosts. Triggering immediate innate response to invading microbes, Toll-like receptors (TLRs) belong presently among the best-studied receptors of vertebrate immunity. TLRs exhibit remarkable interspecific variation and also intra-specific polymorphism is well documented. In humans and laboratory mice, several studies have recently shown that single amino acid substitution may significantly alter receptor function. Unfortunately, data concerning polymorphism in free-living species are still surprisingly scarce. In this study, we analyzed the polymorphism of Toll-like receptor 4 (Tlr4) over the Palearctic range of house mouse (Mus musculus). Our results reveal contrasting evolutionary patterns between the two recently (0.5 million years ago) diverged house mouse subspecies: M. m. domesticus (Mmd) and M. m. musculus (Mmm). Comparison with cytochrome b indicates strong directional selection in Mmd Tlr4. Throughout the whole Mmd western Palaearctic region, a single variant of the ligand-binding region is spread, encoded mainly by one dominant haplotype (71% of Mmd). In contrast, Tlr4 in Mmm is much more polymorphic with several haplotypes at intermediate frequencies. Moreover, we also found clear signals of recombination between two principal haplogroups in Mmm, and we identified eight sites under positive selection in our dataset. Our results suggest that observed differences in Tlr4 diversity may be attributed to contrasting parasite-mediated selection acting in the two subspecies.
Published: 2014
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22. Birds protected by national legislation show improved population trends in eastern europe

Author: Chris A. M. van Turnhout, András Báldi, Matthias Schleuning, Oksana S. Hnatyna, Jaroslav Koleček, José María Fernández-García, Jiří Reif, Vincent Devictor, Katrin Böhning-Gaese, Ian J. Burfield, David Hořák, Palacky University Olomouc, Institute of Vertebrate Biology of the Czech Academy of Sciences (IVB / CAS), Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (SBiK-F), Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main-Senckenberg – Leibniz Institution for Biodiversity and Earth System Research - Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Leibniz Association-Leibniz Association, BirdLife International, MTA Centre for Ecological Research [Tihany], Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA), Goethe-University Frankfurt am Main, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226, Charles University [Prague] (CU), Sovon Dutch Centre for Field Ornithology, Radboud university [Nijmegen], and Ivan Franko National University of Lviv
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Animal Ecology and Physiology, Population, Legislation, Life history strategy, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Life history theory, Environmental legislation, Conservation effectiveness, Ecological trait, Population growth, education, Global change, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Nature and Landscape Conservation, education.field_of_study, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, 15. Life on land, Eastern european, Population growth rate, Western europe, Positive relationship, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Environmental Sciences
Abstract: International audience; Protecting species is one of the major focuses of conservation efforts. However, large-scale assessments of the effects of species protection on animal populations are rare. Protection has been shown to benefit birds in Western Europe and in the United States, but not yet in Eastern Europe, where modern environmental legislation was only established in the early 1990s after political changes. We compared the population trends of bird species between 1970–1990 and 1990–2000 in ten Eastern European countries for species protected since 1990s and unprotected species, controlling for effects of species’ phylogeny and traits. After 1990, trends in protected species improved more than in unprotected species. This suggests that national legislation has helped prevent declines of the protected species, although there was a high variability in population trends among countries. In particular, there was great improvement in the population trends of protected species in countries providing ‘narrow and deep’ protection to few species. In contrast, trends of protected species remained nearly unchanged in countries providing ‘broad and shallow’ protection to most species, while few unprotected species had adverse population trends in these countries. Although our correlative analysis cannot show causal relationships, the positive relationship between protection and long-term population trends suggests that species protection is a highly relevant tool for conservation. A combination of ‘broad and shallow’ and ‘narrow and deep’ protection might be most efficient for securing healthy bird populations for the future.
Published: 2014
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23. Contrasting patterns of polymorphism and selection in bacterial-sensing toll-like receptor 4 in two house mouse subspecies

Author: Jaroslav Piálek, Josef Bryja, Alena Fornuskova, Michal Vinkler, Miloš Macholán, Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (UMR CBGP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Faculty of Science, Department of Botany and Zoology, Masaryk University [Brno] (MUNI), Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), Faculty of Science - Department of Zoology, Charles University [Prague] (CU), Czech Science Foundation, and Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, parasite-mediated selection, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Adaptive evolution, directional selection, Biology, Subspecies, host-pathogen interaction, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Haplogroup, House mouse, 03 medical and health sciences, pattern-recognition receptors, Mus musculus, Gene, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Original Research, 030304 developmental biology, Nature and Landscape Conservation, Genetics, 0303 health sciences, Ecology, Cytochrome b, Directional selection, Haplotype, Western Palaearctic, biology.organism_classification, arms race, MAMPs, host–pathogen interaction
Abstract: Times Cited: 0 Vinkler, Michal/G-2072-2011; Pialek, Jaroslav/B-1237-2008; Bryja, Josef/C-3013-2008 Vinkler, Michal/0000-0003-3572-9494; 0; International audience; Detailed investigation of variation in genes involved in pathogen recognition is crucial for understanding co-evolutionary processes between parasites and their hosts. Triggering immediate innate response to invading microbes, Toll-like receptors (TLRs) belong presently among the best-studied receptors of vertebrate immunity. TLRs exhibit remarkable interspecific variation and also intra-specific polymorphism is well documented. In humans and laboratory mice, several studies have recently shown that single amino acid substitution may significantly alter receptor function. Unfortunately, data concerning polymorphism in free-living species are still surprisingly scarce. In this study, we analyzed the polymorphism of Toll-like receptor 4 (Tlr4) over the Palearctic range of house mouse (Mus musculus). Our results reveal contrasting evolutionary patterns between the two recently (0.5 million years ago) diverged house mouse subspecies: M. m. domesticus (Mmd) and M. m. musculus (Mmm). Comparison with cytochrome b indicates strong directional selection in Mmd Tlr4. Throughout the whole Mmd western Palaearctic region, a single variant of the ligand-binding region is spread, encoded mainly by one dominant haplotype (71% of Mmd). In contrast, Tlr4 in Mmm is much more polymorphic with several haplotypes at intermediate frequencies. Moreover, we also found clear signals of recombination between two principal haplogroups in Mmm, and we identified eight sites under positive selection in our dataset. Our results suggest that observed differences in Tlr4 diversity may be attributed to contrasting parasite-mediated selection acting in the two subspecies.
Published: 2014
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24. Europe-wide dampening of population cycles in keystone herbivores

Author: Frauke Ecke, Christian Imholt, David A. Elston, Otso Huitu, Heikki Henttonen, Vincent Bretagnolle, Thomas Cornulier, Nigel G. Yoccoz, Emil Tkadlec, Jon E. Brommer, Karol Zub, Steve J. Petty, Xavier Lambin, Hannu Pietiäinen, Rolf A. Ims, Jens Jacob, Erik Framstad, Alain Butet, Bogumiła Jędrzejewska, Alexandre Millon, Birger Hörnfeldt, School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, University of Tromsø (UiT), Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences [Helsinki], Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Wildlife, Fish and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Biomathematics and Statistics Scotland, Macaulay Institute, Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), Vantaa Research Unit, Finnish Forest Research Instiute, Finnish Forest Research Institute, Suonenjoki Unit, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Julius Kühn-Institute, Mammal Research Institute, Polska Akademia Nauk = Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN), Centre for Human and Ecological Sciences, Department of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Palacky University Olomouc, Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), School of Biological Science, Centre d'études biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Helsinki, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), and Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Population, Population Dynamics, Climate change, Poaceae, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Population growth, Animals, Ecosystem, Herbivory, education, Trophic level, education.field_of_study, Herbivore, Stochastic Processes, Multidisciplinary, biology, Ecology, Arvicolinae, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Europe, 13. Climate action, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Population cycle, ta1181, Vole, Seasons
Abstract: Cycling in Unison Many small mammals, especially voles, display semi-regular cycles of population boom and bust. Given the fundamental importance of small mammals as basal consumers and prey, such cycles can have cascading effects in trophic food webs. Cornulier et al. (p. 63 ) collated raw data from vole populations across Europe collected over the past 18 years. Reduction in winter growth rate was common across a wide variety of habitats with very different local climates, suggesting the presence of a continental-scale climatic driver of vole populations.
Published: 2013
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25. Invasion genetics of the introduced black rat (Rattus rattus) in Senegal, West Africa

Author: Adam Konečný, Jean-François Cosson, Josef Bryja, Khalilou Bâ, Caroline Tatard, Arnaud Estoup, Jean-Marc Duplantier, Maxime Galan, Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (UMR CBGP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), and Institut de recherche pour le développement (IRD [Sénégal])
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Ecology (disciplines), [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Genetic admixture, Introduced species, ioinvasion, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Invasive species, microsatellites, Evolution, Molecular, 03 medical and health sciences, approximate Bayesian computation, Settore BIO/07 - ECOLOGIA, biology.animal, Genetics, Animals, Cluster Analysis, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, biology, Models, Genetic, Ecology, Bayesian clustering, Founder effects, Vertebrate, Genetic Variation, Bayes Theorem, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Bioinvasion, Senegal, Rats, Genetics, Population, founder effect, Black rat, bayesian clustering, founder effects, multiple introductions, Approximate Bayesian computation, Introduced Species, Animal Distribution, genetic admixture, Founder effect, Microsatellite Repeats
Abstract: International audience; An understanding of the evolutionary history and dynamics of invasive species is required for the construction of predictive models of future spread and the design of biological management measures. The black rat (Rattus rattus) is a major vertebrate invader with a worldwide distribution. Despite the severe ecological, economic and health impacts of this species, its evolutionary history has been little studied. We carried out extensive specimen sampling in Senegal, West Africa, and used microsatellite markers to describe the pattern and processes of invasion in this large continental area. The genetic data obtained were combined with historical knowledge concerning the presence of this species in Senegal. Data were analysed by a combination of Bayesian clustering and approximate Bayesian computation methods. The invasion pathways closely paralleled the history of human trade routes in Senegal. In several places, we detected the occurrence of multiple introductions from genetically different sources. Long-distance migration between towns and villages was also observed. Our findings suggest that genetic bottlenecks and admixture have played a major role in shaping the genetics of invasive black rats. These two processes may generate genetic novelty and favour rapid evolution along the invasion pathways.
Published: 2013
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26. Bats host major mammalian paramyxoviruses

Author: Jan Felix Drexler, Victor Max Corman, Marcel Alexander Müller, Gael Darren Maganga, Peter Vallo, Tabea Binger, Florian Gloza-Rausch, Veronika M. Cottontail, Andrea Rasche, Stoian Yordanov, Antje Seebens, Mirjam Knörnschild, Samuel Oppong, Yaw Adu Sarkodie, Célestin Pongombo, Alexander N. Lukashev, Jonas Schmidt-Chanasit, Andreas Stöcker, Aroldo José Borges Carneiro, Stephanie Erbar, Andrea Maisner, Florian Fronhoffs, Reinhard Buettner, Elisabeth K. V. Kalko, Thomas Kruppa, Carlos Roberto Franke, René Kallies, Emmanuel R.N. Yandoko, Georg Herrler, Chantal Reusken, Alexandre Hassanin, Detlev H. Krüger, Sonja Matthee, Rainer G. Ulrich, Eric M. Leroy, Christian Drosten, Institute of Virology, University of Bonn Medical Centre, Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville (CIRMF), Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), Noctalis, Centre for Bat Protection and Information, Institute of Virology [Hannover], Hannover Medical School [Hannover] (MHH), Forestry Board Directorate of Strandja Natural Park, Strandja Natural Park, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology [GHANA] (KNUST), University of Lubumbashi, Chumakov Institute of Poliomyelitis and Viral Encephalitides, Department of Virology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine - Bernhard-Nocht-Institut für Tropenmedizin [Hamburg, Germany] (BNITM), Infectious Diseases Research Laboratory, Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA)-University Hospital Professor Edgard Santos, School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Institut für Virologie, Philipps University, Institute of Pathology, University of Cologne Medical Centre, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Institute of Experimental Ecology, Universität Ulm - Ulm University [Ulm, Allemagne], Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine (KCCR), Institut Pasteur de Bangui, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Netherlands Center for Infectious Disease Control, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Institute of Medical Virology (Helmut Ruska Haus), Charité - UniversitätsMedizin = Charité - University Hospital [Berlin], Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Stellenbosch University, Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases (INNT), Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), This study was funded by the European Union FP7 projects EMPERIE (Grant agreement number 223498) and EVA (Grant agreement number 228292), the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF, project code 01KIO701), the German Research Foundation (DFG, Grant agreement number DR 772/3-1) to CD, the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) through the National Research Platform for Zoonoses (project code 01KI1018), the Umweltbundesamt (FKZ 370941401) and the Robert Koch-Institut (FKZ 1362/1-924) to RGU, through the Government of Gabon, Total-Fina-Elf Gabon and the Ministère des Affaires Etrangères, France., European Project: 223498,EC:FP7:HEALTH,FP7-HEALTH-2007-B,EMPERIE(2009), Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), and Université de Lubumbashi (UNILU)
Subjects: animal structures, Paramyxoviridae, viruses, Molecular Sequence Data, General Physics and Astronomy, Mumps virus, medicine.disease_cause, Article, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Mice, 03 medical and health sciences, Pneumovirinae, Dogs, Chiroptera, Veterinary virology, medicine, Animals, Humans, Phylogeny, Disease Reservoirs, 030304 developmental biology, Mammals, 0303 health sciences, Paramyxoviridae Infections, Multidisciplinary, Ebola virus, biology, 030306 microbiology, Canine distemper, General Chemistry, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, Virology, Sendai virus, 3. Good health, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, Henipavirus
Abstract: The large virus family Paramyxoviridae includes some of the most significant human and livestock viruses, such as measles-, distemper-, mumps-, parainfluenza-, Newcastle disease-, respiratory syncytial virus and metapneumoviruses. Here we identify an estimated 66 new paramyxoviruses in a worldwide sample of 119 bat and rodent species (9,278 individuals). Major discoveries include evidence of an origin of Hendra- and Nipah virus in Africa, identification of a bat virus conspecific with the human mumps virus, detection of close relatives of respiratory syncytial virus, mouse pneumonia- and canine distemper virus in bats, as well as direct evidence of Sendai virus in rodents. Phylogenetic reconstruction of host associations suggests a predominance of host switches from bats to other mammals and birds. Hypothesis tests in a maximum likelihood framework permit the phylogenetic placement of bats as tentative hosts at ancestral nodes to both the major Paramyxoviridae subfamilies (Paramyxovirinae and Pneumovirinae). Future attempts to predict the emergence of novel paramyxoviruses in humans and livestock will have to rely fundamentally on these data., The large virus family, Paramyxoviridae, includes several human and livestock viruses. This study, testing 119 bat and rodent species distributed globally, identifies novel putative paramyxovirus species, providing data with potential uses in predictions of the emergence of novel paramyxoviruses in humans and livestock.
Published: 2012
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27. Evolutionary systematics and biogeography of endemic gerbils (Rodentia, Muridae) from Morocco : an integrative approach

Author: Ndiaye, Arame, Ba, Khalilou, Aniskin, Vladimir, Benazzou, Touria, Chevret, Pascale, Konecny, Adam, Sembène, Mbcké, Tatard, Caroline, Kergoat, Gael, Granjon, Laurent, Ecologie et évolution des populations, Département écologie évolutive [LBBE], Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (UMR CBGP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [Réunion]), Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS), Université Mohammed V de Rabat, Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), Fondazione Edmund Mach - Edmund Mach Foundation [Italie] (FEM), Département de Biologie Animale, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD), and Université Mohammed V de Rabat [Agdal] (UM5)
Subjects: espèces endémiques, [SDV.OT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Other [q-bio.OT], gerbille (gerbillus), biogéographie, mammifères, [SDV.BID]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity
Abstract: Ndiaye, A., Ba, K., Aniskin, V., Benazzou, T., Chevret, P., Konecny, A., Sembene, M., Tatard, C., Kergoat, G.J. & Granjon, L. (2011). Evolutionary systematics and biogeography of endemic gerbils (Rodentia, Muridae) from Morocco: an integrative approach. Zoologica Scripta, 41, 1128. Gerbils of the genus Gerbillus represent an important part of small mammal diversity in arid regions of North Africa, but their taxonomy and evolutionary systematics and biogeography are still poorly known. Based on the recent collection of a series of gerbils in southern Morocco, including at the type localities of three endemic species, we gathered morphological, chromosomal and molecular data on a number of specimens that we compared with other available results. These data provide new insights into the geographical distribution of the endemic species known to date and suggest that an additional and previously undetected species may exist within this area. Multivariate analyses of morphometrical skull data validated the criteria used in the description of some of these species, while confirming the morphological similarity of a set of medium to large-sized species with hairy feet that can be considered sibling species. Karyotypes were useful for the specific assignation of a number of specimens. Molecular phylogenetics and divergence time estimates allow us to draw the first picture of the evolutionary relationships between endemic Gerbillus species from Morocco and related species of North Africa, and to estimate their respective timing of diversification. Most of the lineage emergence events took place during the Pleistocene, a period characterised by a global aridification of North Africa, but more importantly by important climatic and eustatic variations that may have played a role in species differentiation and subsequent expansion. This integrative approach proved to be essential in such species group including morphologically similar species. It also enables to propose testable hypotheses as to possible scenarios of emergence and evolution of these species along the western margin of the Sahara desert.
Published: 2012
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28. Testing mechanistic explanations for mammalian predator responses to habitat edges

Author: Martina Koubová, Jakub Kreisinger, Jana Svobodová, Martin Šálek, Tomáš Albrecht, Department of Ecology, Faculty of Environmental Science, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague (CZU), Department of Zoology, Faculty of Sciences, Charles University [Prague] (CU), Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Institute of Systems Biology and Ecology (AS CR), Institute of Systems Biology and Ecology AS CR, Institute of Vertebrate Biology v.v.i., and Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Habitat fragmentation, Prey distribution, Ecology, Nest predation, 15. Life on land, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Edge effects, Predation, 010601 ecology, Mesopredators, Mesopredator release hypothesis, Habitat, Edge effect, Abundance (ecology), Carnivore, Predator, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Nature and Landscape Conservation
Abstract: International audience; Increased predator activity along habitat edges (the edge effect) is often documented in the temperate zone, but earlier studies have rarely been able to explicitly test the suggested mechanisms underlining this phenomenon. In this study, we measured the distribution of mammalian predators by scent stations and their main prey (rodents) in four types of landscape elements corresponding to an edge gradient between two habitat types; grassland and forest. We found a contrasting pattern in carnivore activities between years. Whereas carnivores did not exhibit a significant occurrence along the forest-grassland edge in the first year with low prey abundance, they were more likely to be detected along habitat edges in the subsequent year with high prey abundance. Our results do not suggest that the increased activity of carnivores at habitat edges arises as a consequence of predator overflow from higher quality habitat through the edge into lower quality habitat, but showed that most predator species focus their activity specifically to the edge structure. On the other hand, our data do not provide straightforward support for the hypothesis that predator edge preferences are caused by a spatial gradient in carnivores' main prey--rodents.
Published: 2010
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29. Haematological health assessment in a passerine with extremely high proportion of basophils in peripheral blood

Author: Pavel Munclinger, Michal Vinkler, Jan Schnitzer, Tomáš Albrecht, Jan Votýpka, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University [Prague] (CU), Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), and Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, medicine.medical_specialty, Basophilic granulocyte, Lymphocyte, Hematocrit, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Peripheral blood mononuclear cell, Rosefinch, Erythrinus, Leucocyte differential count, Polychromatic erythrocyte, 03 medical and health sciences, Internal medicine, White blood cell, medicine, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, Hematology, biology, medicine.diagnostic_test, biology.organism_classification, medicine.anatomical_structure, Immunology, Haemoproteus
Abstract: Haematological methods are widely utilised among avian ecologists as a means for individual health assessment. However, the technical simplicity of some of the tests may easily lead to oversimplification of the evaluation. Here, we show in the Scarlet Rosefinch (Carpodacus erythrinus) that haematological parameters other than the widely used heterophil/lymphocyte (H/L) ratio may be important to investigate. We give the full description of seven basic haematological traits (leukocyte differential count, immature erythrocyte count, haematocrit, mean cell volume, total red and white blood cell count and blood parasite occurrence). Most remarkably, the examination of 178 adults and 155 nestlings has revealed that this species has an extraordinarily high proportion of basophils among the peripheral blood leukocytes (on average about 42 and 56%, respectively). Although the high basophil count is a general trait even in healthy individuals of this species, the proportion of these cells is condition-dependent and is further increased by Haemoproteus infection. Our results also suggest that the immature erythrocyte count in the peripheral blood is a good predictor of the nestlings’ growth rate. We conclude that the Rosefinch haematology differs strikingly from other avian species with known values of basic haematological parameters. We therefore emphasise the importance of a general haematological examination, based on material obtained by an appropriate method (e.g. for smear preparation, we recommend using differential staining and avoiding prior methanol fixation).
Published: 2010
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30. Negative relationships between cellular immune response, Mhc class II heterozygosity and secondary sexual trait in the montane water vole

Author: Charbonnel, Nathalie, Bryja, Josef, Galan, Maxime, Deter, Julie, Tollenaere, Charlotte, Chaval, Yannick, Morand, Serge, Cosson, Jean-Francois, Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (UMR CBGP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Department of Population Biology, Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), Département Environnement, Microbiologie et Phycotoxines, Laboratoire de Microbiologie, Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226, Laboratoire de Microbiologie, Environnement, Microbiologie et Phycotoxines (EMP), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (ASCR), and Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: ABUNDANCE CYCLES, DQA AND DRB, IMMUNOCOMPETENCE HANDICAP, MHC CLASS II GENES, PARASITE-MEDIATED BALANCING SELECTION, SEXUAL SELECTION, RELATION ANIMAL-PATHOGENE, GENETIQUE DES POPULATIONS, IMMUNOECOLOGIE, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], chemical and pharmacologic phenomena, Original Articles, campagnol, immunogénétique, épidémiologie animale
Abstract: Heterogeneities in immune responsiveness may affect key epidemiological parameters and the dynamics of pathogens. The roles of immunogenetics in these variations remain poorly explored. We analysed the influence of Major histocompatibility complex (Mhc) genes and epigamic traits on the response to phytohaemagglutinin in males from cyclic populations of the montane water vole (Arvicola scherman). Besides, we tested the relevance of lateral scent glands as honest signals of male quality. Our results did not corroborate neither the hypotheses of genome-wide heterozygosity-fitness correlation nor the Mhc heterozygote advantage. We found a negative relationship between Mhc hetetozygosity and response to phytohaemagglutinin, mediated by a specific Mhc homozygous genotype. Our results therefore support the hypothesis of the Arte-Dqa-05 homozygous genotype being a 'good' Mhc variant in terms of immunogenetic quality. The development of the scent glands seems to be an honest signal for mate choice as it is negatively correlated with helminth load. The 'good gene' hypothesis was not validated as Arte-Dqa-05 homozygous males did not exhibit larger glands. Besides, the negative relationship observed between the size of these glands and the response to phytohaemagglutinin, mainly for Mhc homozygotes, corroborates the immunocompetence handicap hypothesis. The Mhc variants associated with larger glands remain yet to be determined.
Published: 2010
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31. Isolation and characterization of microsatellites in Rattus rattus

Author: Loiseau, A., Rahelinirina, S., Rahalison, L., Konecny, A., Duplantier, Jean-Marc, Brouat, Carine, Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (UMR CBGP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Institute of Vertebrate Biology, and Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS)
Subjects: [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, stomatognathic diseases, MICROSATELLITE, Microsatellite, GENETIC DIVERSITY, RAT, Rodentia, GENETIQUE DES POPULATIONS, ESPECE ENVAHISSANTE, RODENTIA, Genetic diversity, Rattus rattus, RATTUS NORVEGICUS
Abstract: Contact: Anne Loiseau, Fax: +33 (0)4 9962 3345; E-mail: loiseau@supagro.inra.fr; International audience; We isolated and characterized 10 microsatellite loci in the black rat Rattus rattus (Muridae, Rodentia), a widespread invasive species largely known to cause serious problems in agriculture and human health. Polymorphism was studied in two populations, one from Madagascar and one from Senegal. It ranged from three to 12 alleles in Madagascar, and from two to five alleles in Senegal. Together with the loci previously adapted from Rattus norvegicus, this set of markers should allow the conduct of thorough studies on the genetic structure of natural populations of R. rattus.
Published: 2008
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32. Multiple parasites mediate balancing selection at two MHC class II genes in the fossorial water vole: insights from multivariate analyses and population genetics

Author: Charlotte Tollenaere, Heikki Henttonen, Jean-François Cosson, Nathalie Charbonnel, Julie Deter, Josef Bryja, P. Cadet, A. Ribas Salvador, Maxime Galan, Yannick Chaval, Karine Berthier, Juha Laakkonen, Liina Voutilainen, Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (UMR CBGP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Department of Population Biology, Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), University of Barcelona, University of Helsinki, Vantaa Research Unit, and Finnish Forest Research Institute
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Heterozygote, Genotype, Genes, MHC Class II, Population genetics, Locus (genetics), Biology, DQA AND DRB MHC GENES, Balancing selection, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Host-Parasite Interactions, MHC Class II Gene, Evolution, Molecular, 03 medical and health sciences, Gene Frequency, Animals, CO-INERTIA, Selection, Genetic, Allele, Gene, Allele frequency, CO-INERTIE, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 030304 developmental biology, Genetics, 0303 health sciences, Arvicolinae, [SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS, Genetics, Population, Trichuris, IMMUNOGENETICS, Microsatellite, GENES MHC, Female, GENETIQUE DES POPULATIONS, PARASITE-MEDIATED BALANCING SELECTION, Microsatellite Repeats
Abstract: Correspondance: fax: +33 4 99 62 33 45; e-mail: nathalie.charbonnel@supagro.inra.fr; International audience; We investigated the factors mediating selection acting on two MHC class II genes (DQA and DRB) in water vole (Arvicola scherman) natural populations in the French Jura Mountains. Population genetics showed significant homogeneity in allelic frequencies at the DQA1 locus as opposed to neutral markers (nine microsatellites), indicating balancing selection acting on this gene. Moreover, almost exhaustive screening for parasites, including gastrointestinal helminths, brain coccidia and antibodies against viruses responsible for zoonoses, was carried out. We applied a co-inertia approach to the genetic and parasitological data sets to avoid statistical problems related to multiple testing. Two alleles, Arte-DRB-11 and Arte-DRB-15, displayed antagonistic associations with the nematode Trichuris arvicolae, revealing the potential parasite-mediated selection acting on DRB locus. Selection mechanisms acting on the two MHC class II genes thus appeared different. Moreover, overdominance as balancing selection mechanism was showed highly unlikely in this system
Published: 2008
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33. Density-related changes in selection pattern for major histocompatibility complex genes in fluctuating populations of voles

Author: Nathalie Charbonnel, Josef Bryja, Karine Berthier, Maxime Galan, Jean-François Cosson, Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (UMR CBGP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Department of Population Biology, Institute of Vertebrate Biology, and Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, BALANCING SELECTION, POPULATION CYCLES, Genotype, Population, Genes, MHC Class II, Molecular Sequence Data, DEMOGRAPHIE, Major histocompatibility complex, Balancing selection, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, HLA-DQ alpha-Chains, MHC Class II Gene, 03 medical and health sciences, Gene Frequency, LOCAL ADAPTATION, HLA-DQ Antigens, Genetic variation, Genetics, Animals, [SDV.BBM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Selection, Genetic, education, CAMPAGNOL TERRESTRE, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 030304 developmental biology, Local adaptation, RELATION HOTE-PARASITE, Population Density, 0303 health sciences, education.field_of_study, Natural selection, biology, Arvicolinae, Genetic Variation, HLA-DR Antigens, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Genetics, Population, MAJOR HISTOINCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX, biology.protein, Population cycle, MHC, Microsatellite Repeats
Abstract: Correspondence: bryja@brno.cas.cz; International audience; Host-pathogen interactions are of particular interest in studies of the interplay between population dynamics and natural selection. The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes of demographically fluctuating species are highly suitable markers for such studies, because they are involved in initiating the immune response against pathogens and display a high level of adaptive genetic variation. We investigated whether two MHC class II genes (DQA1, DRB) were subjected to contemporary selection during increases in the density of fossorial water vole (Arvicola terrestris) populations, by comparing the neutral genetic structure of seven populations with that estimated from MHC genes. Tests for heterozygosity excess indicated that DQA1 was subject to intense balancing selection. No such selection operated on neutral markers. This pattern of selection became more marked with increasing abundance. In the low-abundance phase, when populations were geographically isolated, both overall differentiation and isolation-by-distance were more marked for MHC genes than for neutral markers. Model-based simulations identified DQA1 as an outlier (i.e. under selection) in a single population, suggesting the action of local selection in fragmented populations. The differences between MHC and neutral markers gradually disappeared with increasing effective migration between sites. In the high-abundance year, DQA1 displayed significantly lower levels of overall differentiation than the neutral markers. This gene therefore displayed stronger homogenization than observed under drift and migration alone. The observed signs of selection were much weaker for DRB. Spatial and temporal fluctuations in parasite pressure and locus-specific selection are probably the most plausible mechanisms underlying the observed changes in selection pattern during the demographic cycle
Published: 2007
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34. New polymorphic microsatellite loci for rodents of the genus Mastomys using PCR multiplexing and cross-species amplification in Myomys and Praomys

Author: Loiseau, Anne, Konecny, Adam, Galan, Maxime, Bryja, Josef, Cosson, Jean-Francois, Brouat, Carine, Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (UMR CBGP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Department of Population Biology, Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), Institute of Botany and Zoology Faculty of Science, and Masaryk University [Brno] (MUNI)
Subjects: MASTOMYS ERYTHROLEUCUS, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, microsatellite, MYOMYS DALTONI, M. huberti, Myomys daltoni, MICROSATELLITE, M. natalensis, MASTOMYS NATALENSIS, Rodentia, Praomys cf. rostratus, MASTOMYS HUBERTI, PRAOMYS CF. ROSTRATUS, Mastomys erythroleucus, GENETIQUE DES POPULATIONS, RODENTIA
Abstract: Correspondance: akonecny@mail.muni.cz; International audience; The Praomys complex contains some of the most important agricultural pests of Africa, including Mastomys species. We describe the development of nine supplementary microsatellite markers isolated from Mastomys huberti . We show the potential utility of M. Huberti microsatellites as population markers for two other species of Mastomys , and two other species of the Praomys complex, Myomys daltoni And Praomys cf. rostratus
Published: 2007
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35. Duplication, balancing selection and trans-species evolution explain the high levels of polymorphism of the DQA MHC class II gene in voles (Arvicolinae)

Author: Josef Bryja, Nathalie Charbonnel, Jean-François Cosson, Maxime Galan, Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (UMR CBGP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Institute of Vertebrate Biology, and Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, MURIDAE, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Genes, MHC Class II, Molecular Sequence Data, Immunology, Population, Locus (genetics), Balancing selection, Major histocompatibility complex, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, MHC Class II Gene, ARVICOLA, Evolution, Molecular, 03 medical and health sciences, Gene Duplication, HLA-DQ Antigens, Genetics, Animals, HLA-DQ beta-Chains, MICROTUS, Amino Acid Sequence, Cloning, Molecular, education, Microtus, CLETHRIONOMYS, Alleles, Phylogeny, Polymorphism, Single-Stranded Conformational, 030304 developmental biology, RELATION HOTE-PARASITE, 0303 health sciences, education.field_of_study, Base Sequence, biology, Arvicolinae, Electrophoresis, Capillary, Sequence Analysis, DNA, biology.organism_classification, MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX, ALLELIC DIVERSITY, Arvicola, biology.protein
Abstract: International audience; Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes play important role in host-parasite interactions and parasites are crucial factors influencing the population dynamics of hosts. We described the structure and diversity of exon 2 of the MHC class II DQA gene in three species of voles (Arvicolinae) exhibiting regular multi-annual fluctuations of population density and analysed the processes leading to the observed MHC polymorphism. By using cloning-sequencing methodology and capillary electrophoresis-single strand conformation polymorphism, we described seven sequences in the water, eight in the common, and seven in the bank voles coming from an area of 70 km(2) around the Nozeroy canton in the Jura Mountains (Franche Comte, France). All exon 2 sequences translate to give unique amino acid sequences and positive selection was found to act very intensively on antigen binding sites. We documented the presence of recombination at vole DQA region but its importance in generating allelic polymorphism seems to be relatively limited. For the first time within rodents, we documented the duplication of the DQA gene in all three species with both copies being transcriptionally active. Phylogenetic analysis of allelic sequences revealed extensive trans-species polymorphism within the subfamily although no alleles were shared between species in our data set. We discuss possible role of parasites in forming the recent polymorphism pattern of the DQA locus in voles.
Published: 2006
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36. Parasitism, life history traits and immune defence in cyprinid fish from Central Europe

Author: Pavel Jurajda, Serge Morand, Eva Ottová, Thomas Lafond, Markéta Ondračková, Andrea Vetešníková Šimková, Institute of Botany and Zoology Faculty of Science, Masaryk University [Brno] (MUNI), Parasitologie évolutive (PE), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Vertebrate Biology of the Czech Academy of Sciences (IVB / CAS), Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), and Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Fish mortality, Male, Gonad, Evolution, media_common.quotation_subject, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Zoology, Parasitism, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Life history theory, ABRAMIS-BRAMA, 03 medical and health sciences, Helminths, medicine, QH359-425, SEXUAL ORNAMENTATION, Animals, Body Size, 14. Life underwater, Gonads, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, SEASONAL-CHANGES, 030304 developmental biology, media_common, 0303 health sciences, BARN SWALLOW, ARCTIC CHARR, INDEPENDENT CONTRASTS, ROACH RUTILUS-RUTILUS, IMMUNOCOMPETENCE HANDICAP, Ecology, SPECIES RICHNESS, Longevity, Fishes, Organ Size, Fecundity, Europe, medicine.anatomical_structure, Female, Species richness, SPLEEN SIZE, Reproduction, Spleen, Research Article
Abstract: Background The main prediction of life-history theory is that optimal energy allocated among the traits is related to the growth, maintenance and survival. It is hypothesized that the optimal resource allocated to immune function, which generates resistance towards parasites and reduce the fitness losses caused by parasitism, is depending on other requirements for energetic resource and the benefits associated with them. The aims of this study are to investigate in a comparative way (1) how parasitism is related to fish life history traits (fecundity, longevity, mortality), (2) whether there is a trade-off between reproduction and immune investments in fish females (i.e. energetic hypothesis) and in males (i.e. immunohandicap hypothesis), (3) whether parasitism influences host immunity (spleen size) and reproduction (gonad size) in females and males. Results Data on metazoan parasites of 23 cyprinid fish species from Central Europe were used for the analyses as well as new data collected from a field study. Ectoparasite species richness was negatively correlated with the fish mortality estimated by the k-value and positively correlated with fish body size, suggesting that parasite diversity increases with fish longevity. A negative relationship between spleen size and gonad size, controlling for fish body size, was found in females but not in males. Moreover, parasite abundance was positively correlated with fish spleen size and negatively with fish gonad size in females. Conclusion The comparative analyses using cyprinid fish species demonstrated that natural mortality could be considered as a factor contributing to the variability of parasite species richness and moreover, parasite species benefit from long-lived fish. The results obtained from the analyses investigating the potential trade-off between reproduction and immunity could be interpreted as an energetic trade-off between female reproduction and immune function. The lack of negative relationship between gonad size and spleen size in males did not support our prediction based on the immunohandicap hypothesis.
Published: 2008
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37. Phylogeny of species and cytotypes of mole rats (Spalacidae) in Turkey inferred from mitochondrial cytochrome b gene sequencees

Author: Ferhat Matur, Şakir Özkurt, Faruk Çolak, İrfan Kandemir, Teoman Kankiliç, Ercüment Çolak, Natália Martínková, Mustafa Sözen, Martinkova, Natalia -- 0000-0003-4556-4363, Matur, Ferhat -- 0000-0001-9488-1408, kandemir, irfan -- 0000-0002-2888-1044, [Sozen, Mustafa -- Matur, Ferhat -- Colak, Faruk] Zonguldak Karaelmas Univ, Fac Arts & Sci, Dept Biol, TR-67100 Zonguldak, Turkey -- [Kandemir, Irfan -- Colak, Ercument] Ankara Univ, Dept Biol, Fac Sci, TR-06100 Ankara, Turkey -- [Kankilic, Teoman] Nigde Univ, Fac Arts & Sci, Dept Biol, Nigde, Turkey -- [Martinkova, Natalia] Acad Sci Czech Republ, Inst Vertebrate Biol, Vvi, CS-60365 Brno, Czech Republic -- [Ozkurt, Sakir O.] Ahi Evran Univ, Fac Educ, Dept Biol Educ, Kirsehir, Turkey, Zonguldak Bülent Ecevit Üniversitesi, 0-Belirlenecek, Kırşehir Ahi Evran Üniversitesi, Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi, Biyoloji Bölümü, and Kandemir, I., Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ankara University, 06100-Tandogan, Ankara, Turkey -- Sözen, M., Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Zonguldak Karaelmas University, 67100- Zonguldak, Turkey -- Matur, F., Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Zonguldak Karaelmas University, 67100- Zonguldak, Turkey -- Kankiliç, T., Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Nigde University, Nigde, Turkey -- Martínková, N., Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Kvetná 8, 603, 65 Brno, Czech Republic -- Çolak, F., Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Zonguldak Karaelmas University, 67100- Zonguldak, Turkey -- Özkurt, S.O., Department of Biology Education, Faculty of Education, Ahi Evran University, Kirşehir, Turkey -- Çolak, E., Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ankara University, 06100-Tandogan, Ankara, Turkey
Subjects: Paraphyly, Genetics, Species complex, biology, Phylogenetic tree, Cytochrome b, biology.organism_classification, Monophyly, chromosomal form, Spalacidae, Thrace, Evolutionary biology, Phylogenetics, Molecular phylogenetics, Nannospalax, Animal Science and Zoology, Anatolia, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, molecular phylogeny
Abstract: WOS: 000304292800004, We described the genetic variation of cytochrome b gene sequences of blind mole rats in Turkey. We examined 47 individuals belonging to nine cytotypes of three superspecies Nannospalax leucodon, N. xanthodon and N. ehrenbergi in the 402bp gene sequence of cytochrome b. Phylogenetic analyses showed that relationships between cytotypes were well supported, but deeper divergence between species showed insignificant relationships. Cytotypes of N. xanthodon with low diploid number of chromosomes from western Turkey formed a monophyletic group distinct from the populations with higher number of chromosomes (2n = 56-60). The monophyly of N. xanthodon was supported with respect to N. leucodon (2n = 56) in the Bayesian and maximum likelihood phylogenies. The divergence between two analyzed cytotypes of N. ehrenbergi (2n = 52, 2n = 56) was 9.4 %, and the Kilis cytotype (2n = 52) appeared as the basal branch of the whole analysed dataset. N. ehrenbergi cytotypes were paraphyletic and they formed unsupported relationships with previously described N. galili (2n = 52), N. golani (2n = 54), N. carmeli (2n = 58) and N. judaei (2n = 60) from Israel. The results of this study showed that the Nannospalax species complex most likely represents more species than currently recognized, especially in N. xanthodon. We suggest that cytotypes of N. xanthodon and N. ehrenbergi from Turkey should be investigated in detail as possible candidates for being separate species., Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) [101T084, 106T225]; Zonguldak Karaelmas University [2004-13-06-08, 2008-13-06-01]; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic [AV0Z60930519], This study was supported by the Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK 101T084 and 106T225), Zonguldak Karaelmas University (2004-13-06-08, 2008-13-06-01) and Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic (AV0Z60930519). The authors thank Ahmet Turkyilmaz from REFGEN Biotechnology Inc. for performing the sequencing. Authors thank to Zeynep Yuksel Sezen and Joan E. Johnston for careful editing the manuscript and two anonymous reviewers and the editor for helpful and detailed comments.

38. Description of genome sequences of arthropod-associated spirochetes of the genus Entomospira .

Author: Sikutova S, Graña-Miraglia L, Vancová M, Bílý T, Sing A, Castillo-Ramirez S, Rudolf I, Margos G, and Fingerle V
Abstract: Spirochetal bacteria isolated from arthropods of the genera Culex and Aedes are termed BR149, BR151 ( Entomospira culicis ), BR193 ( Entomospira entomophila ), and BR208 ( Entomospira nematocerorum ). Genome sizes assembled from Illumina MiSeq and Oxford Nanopore reads varied between 1.67 and 1.78 Mb containing three to six plasmids. GC content ranged from 38.5% to 45.76%.
Published: 2024
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39. Adaptation of farmland mammalian specialist to urban life: Escape behavior of European hare along the urban-rural gradient.

Author: Krivopalova A, Mikula P, Cukor J, Ševčík R, Brynychová K, and Šálek M
Subjects: Animals, Czech Republic, Austria, Ecosystem, Farms, Behavior, Animal, Adaptation, Physiological, Urbanization, Hares
Abstract: The European hare Lepus europaeus is an iconic but rapidly declining farmland specialist with recently confirmed populations in urban areas. However, their behavioral responses and adaptability to urbanization and life in human-dominated areas are fully unexplored. Here, using infrared cameras, we explored escape behavior (measured as the flight initiation distance) using 965 hare observations in urban and farmland areas in the Czech Republic and Austria (Central Europe) and its association with habitat type, distance to the city center, patch size, season, hare age and initial behavior. We found that European hares adjusted their escape behavior to habitat type and escaped significantly earlier in farmland (rural) habitats than in urban habitats. However, escape distances of hares did not differ between farmland types with different degree of habitat heterogeneity. We also revealed that urban hares escaped earlier when located further from the city center or in a larger study patch. Moreover, adult hares escaped earlier than subadults and foraging individuals escaped earlier than resting hares but both only in rural areas. Our results support high behavioral adaptability of European hares to human-dominated urban areas., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2024
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40. Altitude shapes gut microbiome composition accounting for diet, thyroid hormone levels, and host genetics in a subterranean blind mole rat.

Author: Solak HM, Kreisinger J, Čížková D, Sezgin E, Schmiedová L, Murtskhvaladze M, Henning Y, Çolak F, Matur F, and Yanchukov A
Abstract: The animal gut microbiome acts as a crucial link between the host and its environment, playing a vital role in digestion, metabolism, physiology, and fitness. Using 16S rRNA metabarcoding, we investigated the effect of altitude on the microbiome composition of Anatolian Blind Mole Rats ( Nannospalax xanthodon ) across six locations and three altitudinal groups. We also factored in the host diet, as well as host microsatellite genotypes and thyroid hormone levels. The altitude had a major effect on microbiome composition, with notable differences in the relative abundance of several bacterial taxa across elevations. Contrary to prior research, we found no significant difference in strictly anaerobic bacteria abundance among altitudinal groups, though facultatively anaerobic bacteria were more prevalent at higher altitudes. Microbiome alpha diversity peaked at mid-altitude, comprising elements from both low and high elevations. The beta diversity showed significant association with the altitude. Altitude had a significant effect on the diet composition but not on its alpha diversity. No distinct altitude-related genetic structure was evident among the host populations, and no correlation was revealed between the host genetic relatedness and microbiome composition nor between the host microbiome and the diet. Free thyroxine (FT4) levels increased almost linearly with the altitude but none of the bacterial ASVs were found to be specifically associated with hormone levels. Total thyroxine (TT4) levels correlated positively with microbiome diversity. Although we detected correlation between certain components of the thyroid hormone levels and the microbiome beta diversity, the pattern of their relationship remains inconclusive., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Solak, Kreisinger, Čížková, Sezgin, Schmiedová, Murtskhvaladze, Henning, Çolak, Matur and Yanchukov.)
Published: 2024
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41. Host nest defence does not act as selective agent against plumage polymorphism in brood parasites.

Author: Honza M, Štětková G, Požgayová M, and Samaš P
Subjects: Animals, Female, Songbirds physiology, Songbirds genetics, Aggression, Pigmentation genetics, Biological Evolution, Nesting Behavior, Biological Mimicry, Birds physiology, Feathers
Abstract: Batesian mimicry in brood parasites is often viewed as an evolutionary strategy to mitigate host aggression. Female common cuckoos ( Cuculus canorus ) exhibit two morphs: the hawk-like grey and the rufous one, potentially maintained by apostatic selection. It was hypothesized that the grey morph's predator-like appearance deters host defences, while the rufous morph benefits from its rarity by evading host attention. Previous research predominantly utilized static cuckoo dummies, lacking insights into real-world interactions. We investigated the effectiveness of the cuckoo morphs in accessing great reed warbler ( Acrocephalus arundinaceus ) nests under natural conditions. Analysing video-recorded cuckoo attempts, we found no significant difference in nest-access success between the morphs. Both experienced a similar probability of physical attacks when hosts were present, and the rufous morph did not evade host detection more often compared with the grey morph. These results fail to support the assumptions of (a) Batesian mimicry, that hawk-like mimicry enhances nest access or reduces host aggression, and (b) apostatic selection, that the rarity of the rufous morph confers an advantage in successfully accessing the host nest. Future research should aim to identify stages in the cuckoo's life cycle or host interactions where colour polymorphism provides an evolutionary benefit.
Published: 2024
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42. Brucella microti and Rodent-Borne Brucellosis: A Neglected Public Health Threat.

Author: Rudolf I, Kejíková R, Kosoy M, Hubálek Z, Mravcová K, Šikutová S, Whatmore AM, and Al Dahouk S
Abstract: Brucellosis is one of the most important zoonoses worldwide, primarily affecting livestock but also posing a serious threat to public health. The major Brucella species are known to cause a feverish disease in humans with various clinical signs. These classical Brucella species are (re-)emerging, but also novel strains and species, some of them transmitted from rodents, can be associated with human infections. As a result of our review on rodent-borne brucellosis, we emphasise the need for more comprehensive surveillance of Brucella and especially Brucella microti in rodent populations and call for further research targeting the ecological persistence of rodent-associated Brucella species in the environment, their epizootic role in wild rodents and their virulence and pathogenicity for wildlife., (© 2024 The Author(s). Zoonoses and Public Health published by Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)
Published: 2024
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43. Lost in space and time: robust demography and enhanced resilience buffer adverse environmental effects in a highly isolated and sedentary pre-pleistocene landscape vertebrate.

Author: Kok PJR, Broholm TL, van Doorn L, Fiorillo BF, and Smith C
Subjects: Animals, Animal Distribution, Population Density, Population Dynamics, Ecosystem
Abstract: Background: Few animal populations have been studied under the framework of the OCBIL theory, which addresses the ecology and evolution of biodiversity on old climatically buffered infertile landscapes. Available genetic data challenge the low connectivity and high genetic differentiation predicted for isolated tepui-summit vertebrate communities, suggesting potential dispersal among summits. However, the OCBIL theory posits reduced dispersibility, enhanced resilience to habitat fragmentation and inbreeding due to small populations. We tested these hypotheses by conducting the first analytic evaluation of the spatial ecology and population biology of a tepui-summit vertebrate at multiple spatial scales., Results: We used harmonic radar tracking (100 individuals/448 points of contact) and capture-mark-recapture data (596 individuals captured/52 recaptured) to reveal the temporal niche, microhabitat use, population size, and dispersal abilities of the tepui-summit endemic toad Oreophrynella quelchii on Roraima-tepui. Abundance was determined using a closed population model incorporating sources of variation in capture probability. We tested the relative influence of biotic and abiotic variables on distances moved through model selection. Our data indicate that the population size of O. quelchii is remarkably large (ca. 12 million individuals), with strong seasonal demographic fluctuations. Ecology and observed limited spatial movements challenge the likelihood of active dispersal among tepui tops in this species. Our results are counter to those predicted by the available genetic data but support two hypotheses of the OCBIL theory: reduced dispersibility and enhanced resilience. However, they do not support the expectation of a small refugial population size., Conclusion: We postulate that the insular, hostile tepui-summit environment tends to produce robust demographic populations, likely to buffer stochastic adverse environmental effects, rather than diversity, as observed in much younger post-Pleistocene Neotropical landscapes. Our results draw attention to the value of faunal studies using an OCBIL framework to better understand the ecology and evolution of this unique biota worldwide., (© 2024. The Author(s).)
Published: 2024
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44. Widespread Adaptive Introgression of Major Histocompatibility Complex Genes across Vertebrate Hybrid Zones.

Author: Gaczorek T, Dudek K, Fritz U, Bahri-Sfar L, Baird SJE, Bonhomme F, Dufresnes C, Gvoždík V, Irwin D, Kotlík P, Marková S, McGinnity P, Migalska M, Moravec J, Natola L, Pabijan M, Phillips KP, Schöneberg Y, Souissi A, Radwan J, and Babik W
Subjects: Animals, Selection, Genetic, Genetic Speciation, Evolution, Molecular, Major Histocompatibility Complex genetics, Vertebrates genetics, Genetic Introgression, Hybridization, Genetic
Abstract: Interspecific introgression is a potentially important source of novel variation of adaptive significance. Although multiple cases of adaptive introgression are well documented, broader generalizations about its targets and mechanisms are lacking. Multiallelic balancing selection, particularly when acting through rare allele advantage, is an evolutionary mechanism expected to favor adaptive introgression. This is because introgressed alleles are likely to confer an immediate selective advantage, facilitating their establishment in the recipient species even in the face of strong genomic barriers to introgression. Vertebrate major histocompatibility complex genes are well-established targets of long-term multiallelic balancing selection, so widespread adaptive major histocompatibility complex introgression is expected. Here, we evaluate this hypothesis using data from 29 hybrid zones formed by fish, amphibians, squamates, turtles, birds, and mammals at advanced stages of speciation. The key prediction of more extensive major histocompatibility complex introgression compared to genome-wide introgression was tested with three complementary statistical approaches. We found evidence for widespread adaptive introgression of major histocompatibility complex genes, providing a link between the process of adaptive introgression and an underlying mechanism. Our work identifies major histocompatibility complex introgression as a general mechanism by which species can acquire novel, and possibly regain previously lost, variation that may enhance defense against pathogens and increase adaptive potential., Competing Interests: Conflict of Interest The authors declare no conflicts of interest., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution.)
Published: 2024
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45. Temperature-dependent in vitro hepatocytotoxicity of insecticides in bats.

Author: Nemcova M, Zukal J, Seidlova V, Bednarikova S, Havelkova B, Dundarova H, and Pikula J
Subjects: Animals, Cell Survival drug effects, Cells, Cultured, Insecticides toxicity, Chiroptera, Pyrethrins toxicity, Nitro Compounds toxicity, Neonicotinoids toxicity, Temperature, Hepatocytes drug effects, Pyrazoles toxicity
Abstract: Heterothermic insectivorous bats are supposed to experience differential adverse effects of insecticidal pollutants depending on their seasonal and/or daily variation of metabolic and detoxification rates. Here, we investigated effects of imidacloprid, cypermethrin and fipronil on Nyctalus noctula bat-derived hepatocytes through cytotoxicity, cell inhibition and death at different concentrations (0.01, 0.1, 1, 10, 100, 1000 μg/ml), exposure times (10, 24, 48 hrs), incubation temperatures simulating hibernation (8 °C), daily torpor (20 °C), normothermy (37 °C) and active flight (40 °C), and cytochrome P450 addition. Toxic effects were significantly influenced by temperature (p < 0.05), with strong cytotoxicity after 10 hour exposure to fipronil or cypermethrin at 37 and 40 °C, cell replication inhibition (all insecticides at 8 °C) and cellular stimulation, with slight culture proliferation after 48 hours (all insecticides at 40 °C). Replacing protected chiropterans with cell cultures is a way to assess and extrapolate risks of insecticides for bats., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier B.V.)
Published: 2024
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46. Natural mercury exposure of European insectivorous bats may exceed a recognized toxicity threshold.

Author: Bandouchova H, Novotna Kruzikova K, Zukal J, Linhart P, Sedlackova J, Veitova L, Kalocsanyiova V, Pikula J, and Svobodova Z
Subjects: Animals, Czech Republic, Environmental Exposure, Animal Fur, Chiroptera, Mercury analysis, Environmental Monitoring, Environmental Pollutants
Abstract: Heavy metals are an important group of toxic substances harmful for many organisms. Of these, mercury is one of the most monitored in the environment. Several matrices are used for the monitoring of environmental load, including a range of organisms; bats, however, have only been examined rarely. Insectivorous bats are apex predators threatened by several human interventions in their natural environment, including heavy metal pollution. The aim of this study was to analyze the content of total mercury in the fur, flight membrane, and pectoral muscle of greater mouse-eared bats (Myotis myotis). Total mercury concentrations were also measured in carabid beetles from the catch locality Zastávka u Brna. Samples were obtained from 43 bat carcasses at two different localities in the Czech Republic (Zastávka u Brna, Malá Morávka). Total mercury content varied between 1.76-72.20 µg/g in fur, 0.04-0.14 µg/g in skin, and 0.05-0.20 µg/g in muscle. Total mercury values in the fur of some individuals from Malá Morávka exceeded the recognized toxicity limit. Furthermore, there was a significant difference (p < 0.001) in content of total mercury in fur between localities, and there was a clear effect of age on concentrations in fur, skin, and muscle, the concentrations being significantly correlated (fur and skin r s = 0.783; fur and muscle r s = 0.716; skin and muscle r s = 0.884). These findings confirm the usefulness of fur samples from living bats for biomonitoring mercury burden in the environment., (© 2024. The Author(s).)
Published: 2024
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47. Synthesis and Scope of the Role of Postmating Prezygotic Isolation in Speciation.

Author: Garlovsky MD, Whittington E, Albrecht T, Arenas-Castro H, Castillo DM, Keais GL, Larson EL, Moyle LC, Plakke M, Reifová R, Snook RR, Ålund M, and Weber AA
Subjects: Animals, Gene Flow, Genetic Speciation, Reproductive Isolation, Zygote metabolism
Abstract: How barriers to gene flow arise and are maintained are key questions in evolutionary biology. Speciation research has mainly focused on barriers that occur either before mating or after zygote formation. In comparison, postmating prezygotic (PMPZ) isolation-a barrier that acts after gamete release but before zygote formation-is less frequently investigated but may hold a unique role in generating biodiversity. Here we discuss the distinctive features of PMPZ isolation, including the primary drivers and molecular mechanisms underpinning PMPZ isolation. We then present the first comprehensive survey of PMPZ isolation research, revealing that it is a widespread form of prezygotic isolation across eukaryotes. The survey also exposes obstacles in studying PMPZ isolation, in part attributable to the challenges involved in directly measuring PMPZ isolation and uncovering its causal mechanisms. Finally, we identify outstanding knowledge gaps and provide recommendations for improving future research on PMPZ isolation. This will allow us to better understand the nature of this often-neglected reproductive barrier and its contribution to speciation., (Copyright © 2024 Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press; all rights reserved.)
Published: 2024
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48. A consequential one-night stand: Episodic historical hybridization leads to mitochondrial takeover in sympatric desert ant-eating spiders.

Author: Ortiz D, Pekár S, and Dianat M
Subjects: Animals, Gene Flow, Genetic Speciation, Spiders genetics, Spiders classification, DNA, Mitochondrial genetics, Hybridization, Genetic, Sympatry, Phylogeny
Abstract: Disentangling the genomic intricacies underlying speciation and the causes of discordance between sources of evidence can offer remarkable insights into evolutionary dynamics. The ant-eating spider Zodarion nitidum, found across the Middle East and Egypt, displays yellowish and blackish morphs that co-occur sympatrically. These morphs additionally differ in behavioral and physiological features and show complete pre-mating reproductive isolation. In contrast, they possess similar sexual features and lack distinct differences in their mitochondrial DNA. We analyzed both Z. nitidum morphs and outgroups using genome-wide and additional mitochondrial DNA data. The genomic evidence indicated that Yellow and Black are reciprocally independent lineages without signs of recent admixture. Interestingly, the sister group of Yellow is not Black but Z. luctuosum, a morphologically distinct species. Genomic gene flow analyses pinpointed an asymmetric nuclear introgression event, with Yellow contributing nearly 5 % of its genome to Black roughly 320,000 years ago, intriguingly aligning with the independently estimated origin of the mitochondrial DNA of Black. We conclude that the blackish and yellowish morphs of Z. nitidum are long-diverged distinct species, and that the ancient and modest genomic introgression event registered resulted in a complete mitochondrial takeover of Black by Yellow. This investigation underscores the profound long-term effects that even modest hybridization events can have on the genome of organisms. It also exemplifies the utility of phylogenetic networks for estimating historical events and how integrating independent lines of evidence can increase the reliability of such estimations., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2024
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49. Genetic diversity of the largest African mole-rat genus, Bathyergus. One, two or four species?

Author: Šumbera R, Uhrová M, Montoya-Sanhueza G, Bryjová A, Bennett NC, and Mikula O
Subjects: Animals, Bayes Theorem, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Cell Nucleus genetics, Africa, Mole Rats genetics, Mole Rats classification, Phylogeny, Gene Flow, Genetic Variation, DNA, Mitochondrial genetics
Abstract: Recent advances in sequencing technology and phylogenetic methods allow us to solve puzzling taxonomic questions using detailed analyses of genetic diversity of populations and gene flow between them. The genus of solitary-living dune mole-rat, Bathyergus, is quite unique among six genera of African mole-rats. The animals are by far the largest and the only scratch digging mole-rat genus possessing a skull less adapted to digging, grooved upper incisors, and more surface locomotor activity. Most authors recognize two species of dune mole-rats, B. suillus and B. janetta, but according to others, the genus is monotypic. In addition, recent molecular studies have revealed cryptic genetic diversity and suggested the existence of up to four species. In our study, we used mitochondrial and genome-wide nuclear data collected throughout the distribution of the genus to investigate the number of species. In agreement with previous studies, we found Bathyergus to be differentiated into several distinct lineages, but we also found evidence for a degree of gene flow between some of them. Furthermore, we confirmed that B. janetta is nested within B. suillus, making the latter paraphyletic and we documented an instance of local mitochondrial introgression between these two nominal species. Phylogeographic structure of the genus was found to be very shallow. Although traditionally dated to the Miocene, we found the first split within the genus to be much younger estimated to 0.82 Ma before present. Genealogical distinctiveness of some lineages was very low, and the coancestry matrix showed extensive sharing of closely related haplotypes throughout the genus. Accordingly, Infomap clustering on the matrix showed all populations to form a single cluster. Overall, our study tends to support the existence of only one species of Bathyergus namely, B. suillus. Environmental niche modelling confirmed its dependence on sandy soils and the preference for soils with relatively high carbon content. Bayesian skyline plots indicate recent population decline in the janetta lineage, probably related to global environmental change., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2024
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50. Host traits rather than migration and molting strategies explain feather bacterial load in Palearctic passerines.

Author: Javůrková VG, Brlík V, Heneberg P, Požgayová M, Procházka P, Dietz MW, Salles JF, and Tieleman BI
Abstract: Feather bacterial load affects key avian life-history traits such as plumage condition, innate immunity, and reproductive success. Investigating the interplay between life-history traits and feather microbial load is critical for understanding mechanisms of host-microbiome interactions. We hypothesize that spatiotemporal variation associated with migration and molting, body size affecting colonizable body surface area, and preening intensity could shape feather bacterial load. Integrating 16S rDNA-qPCR and flow cytometry, we examined total and viable bacterial loads in the feathers of 316 individuals of 24 Palearctic passerine species. We found that viable bacterial load in feathers was lower in larger species and higher in residents compared to migrants. In contrast, total bacterial load was not explained by any of the life-history traits but varied considerably among species, sampling sites, and years. By pinpointing main drivers of bacterial loads on avian body surfaces, we identify key mechanisms shaping host-microbiome interactions and open alternative research directions., Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2024 The Author(s).)
Published: 2024
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