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199 results on '"Institute of Industrial Science (IIS)"'

1. Solute transport in the brain tissue: what are the key biophysical parameters tying in vivo and in vitro studies together?

Author: Daniel Alcaide, Jean Cacheux, Aurélien Bancaud, Rieko Muramatsu, Yukiko T. Matsunaga, Institute of Industrial Science (IIS), The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), Équipe Micro-Nanofluidique pour les sciences de la vie et de l’environnement (LAAS-MILE), Laboratoire d'analyse et d'architecture des systèmes (LAAS), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT), National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry [Tokyo, Japan], and WINGS-QSTEPJSPS for postdoctoral fellowship.AMED-CREST (22gm1510009) JSPS Core-to-Core Program (grant no. JPJSCCA20190006).
Subjects: Biomedical Engineering, General Materials Science, [SDV.IB.BIO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering/Biomaterials
Abstract: Overview of the output and limitations of modern brain solute transport studies to search for key parameters comparable across experimental setups on both in vivo and in vitro studies.
Published: 2023

2. Assessing Phonon Coherence Using Spectroscopy

Author: Zhongwei Zhang, Yangyu Guo, Marc Bescond, Masahiro Nomura, Sebastian Volz, Jie Chen, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Institut Lumière Matière [Villeurbanne] (ILM), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratory for Integrated Micro Mechatronics Systems (LIMMS), The University of Tokyo (UTokyo)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Matériaux, de Microélectronique et des Nanosciences de Provence (IM2NP), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), Institute of Industrial Science (IIS), Rockefeller University [New York], and Shanghai Jiaotong University
Subjects: [PHYS]Physics [physics], Condensed Matter::Materials Science, Condensed Matter::Superconductivity, FOS: Physical sciences, Physics - Applied Physics, Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
Abstract: As a fundamental physical quantity of thermal phonons, temporal coherence participates in a broad range of thermal and phononic processes, while a clear methodology for the measurement of phonon coherence is still lacking. In this Lettter, we derive a theoretical model for the experimental exploration of phonon coherence based on spectroscopy, which is then validated by comparison with Brillouin light scattering data and direct molecular dynamic simulations of confined modes in nanostructures. The proposed model highlights that confined modes exhibit a pronounced wavelike behavior characterized by a higher ratio of coherence time to lifetime. The dependence of phonon coherence on system size is also demonstrated from spectroscopy data. The proposed theory allows for reassessing data of conventional spectroscopy to yield coherence times, which are essential for the understanding and the estimation of phonon characteristics and heat transport in solids in general., Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures
Published: 2023

3. Vacuum-field-induced THz transport gap in a carbon nanotube quantum dot

Author: Audrey Cottet, Matthieu C. Dartiailh, Jérôme Tignon, Takis Kontos, M. M. Desjardins, L. C. Contamin, Matthieu R. Delbecq, Kazushi Yoshida, S. Massabeau, Kazuhiko Hirakawa, Juliette Mangeney, Tino Cubaynes, Zaki Leghtas, Sébastien Balibar, Simon Messelot, Sukhdeep Dhillon, Federico Valmorra, Laboratoire de physique de l'ENS - ENS Paris (LPENS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Institute of Industrial Science (IIS), The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), Physique Mésoscopique, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Nano-THz, Centre Automatique et Systèmes (CAS), MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Théorie de la Matière Condensée, Laboratoire de physique de l'ENS - ENS Paris (LPENS (UMR_8023)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)
Subjects: Photon, Electronic properties and materials, Band gap, Science, General Physics and Astronomy, Physics::Optics, 02 engineering and technology, Carbon nanotube, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Article, law.invention, law, 0103 physical sciences, Spontaneous emission, 010306 general physics, Single photons and quantum effects, Quantum fluctuation, Physics, Quantum optics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Multidisciplinary, business.industry, General Chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Carbon nanotube quantum dot, Quantum technology, Optoelectronics, 0210 nano-technology, business
Abstract: The control of light-matter interaction at the most elementary level has become an important resource for quantum technologies. Implementing such interfaces in the THz range remains an outstanding problem. Here, we couple a single electron trapped in a carbon nanotube quantum dot to a THz resonator. The resulting light-matter interaction reaches the deep strong coupling regime that induces a THz energy gap in the carbon nanotube solely by the vacuum fluctuations of the THz resonator. This is directly confirmed by transport measurements. Such a phenomenon which is the exact counterpart of inhibition of spontaneous emission in atomic physics opens the path to the readout of non-classical states of light using electrical current. This would be a particularly useful resource and perspective for THz quantum optics., Strong light-matter coupling has been realized at the level of single atoms and photons throughout most of the electromagnetic spectrum, except for the THz range. Here, the authors report a THz-scale transport gap, induced by vacuum fluctuations in carbon nanotube quantum dot through the deep strong coupling of a single electron to a THz resonator.
Published: 2021

4. A Branch and Bound Approach to Correspondence and Grouping Problems

Author: Jean-Charles Bazin, Pascal Vasseur, In So Kweon, Hongdong Li, Cédric Demonceaux, Katsushi Ikeuchi, Ikeuchi Laboratory, Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Networks Research Group (NICTA), National ICT Australia Ltd, Robotics and Computer Vision Laboratory [KAIST] (RCV), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Laboratoire Electronique, Informatique et Image [UMR6306] (Le2i), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Arts et Métiers (ENSAM), Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM)-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Informatique, de Traitement de l'Information et des Systèmes (LITIS), Université Le Havre Normandie (ULH), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences appliquées Rouen Normandie (INSA Rouen Normandie), Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Institute of Industrial Science (IIS), The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Arts et Métiers (ENSAM), HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Institut national des sciences appliquées Rouen Normandie (INSA Rouen Normandie), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Université Le Havre Normandie (ULH), Normandie Université (NU), Networks Research Group ( NICTA ), Robotics and Computer Vision Laboratory [KAIST] ( RCV ), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology ( KAIST ), Laboratoire Electronique, Informatique et Image ( Le2i ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Laboratoire d'Informatique, de Traitement de l'Information et des Systèmes ( LITIS ), Université Le Havre Normandie ( ULH ), Normandie Université ( NU ) -Normandie Université ( NU ) -Université de Rouen Normandie ( UNIROUEN ), Normandie Université ( NU ) -Institut national des sciences appliquées Rouen Normandie ( INSA Rouen Normandie ), Normandie Université ( NU ), and Institute of Industrial Science ( IIS )
Subjects: Optimization, Feature extraction, 0211 other engineering and technologies, Geometry, 02 engineering and technology, [ INFO.INFO-CV ] Computer Science [cs]/Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition [cs.CV], Electronic mail, Artificial Intelligence, Mixed integer programming, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, branch-and-bound, Computer vision, Pattern matching, Global optimization, Mathematics, 021103 operations research, Branch and bound, Heuristic, business.industry, Applied Mathematics, global optimization, bilinearities, [INFO.INFO-CV]Computer Science [cs]/Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition [cs.CV], Pattern recognition, Real image, Computational Theory and Mathematics, Feature (computer vision), Educational institutions, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Artificial intelligence, business, Software, Integer (computer science), quadratic constraint
Abstract: Data correspondence/grouping under an unknown parametric model is a fundamental topic in computer vision. Finding feature correspondences between two images is probably the most popular application of this research field, and is the main motivation of our work. It is a key ingredient for a wide range of vision tasks, including three-dimensional reconstruction and object recognition. Existing feature correspondence methods are based on either local appearance similarity or global geometric consistency or a combination of both in some heuristic manner. None of these methods is fully satisfactory, especially in the presence of repetitive image textures or mismatches. In this paper, we present a new algorithm that combines the benefits of both appearance-based and geometry-based methods and mathematically guarantees a global optimization. Our algorithm accepts the two sets of features extracted from two images as input, and outputs the feature correspondences with the largest number of inliers, which verify both the appearance similarity and geometric constraints. Specifically, we formulate the problem as a mixed integer program and solve it efficiently by a series of linear programs via a branch-and-bound procedure. We subsequently generalize our framework in the context of data correspondence/grouping under an unknown parametric model and show it can be applied to certain classes of computer vision problems. Our algorithm has been validated successfully on synthesized data and challenging real images.
Published: 2013

5. Analysis of the transcriptome and metabolome of pancreatic spheroids derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells and matured in an organ-on-a-chip

Author: Amal Essaouiba, Rachid Jellali, Stéphane Poulain, Fumiya Tokito, Françoise Gilard, Bertrand Gakière, Soo Hyeon Kim, Cécile Legallais, Yasuyuki Sakai, Eric Leclerc, Biomécanique et Bioingénierie (BMBI), Université de Technologie de Compiègne (UTC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratory for Integrated Micro Mechatronics Systems (LIMMS), The University of Tokyo (UTokyo)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Industrial Science (IIS), The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), Graduate School of Engineering [The Univ of Tokyo] (UTokyo), Institut des Sciences des Plantes de Paris-Saclay (IPS2 (UMR_9213 / UMR_1403)), Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and ANR-16-RHUS-0005,iLite,iLite(2016)
Subjects: Glycerol, Serotonin, C-Peptide, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Fatty Acids, Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells, Cell Differentiation, [SDV.MHEP.HEG]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Hépatology and Gastroenterology, Glucagon, Lipids, Biochemistry, Phosphates, Lab-On-A-Chip Devices, [SDV.BBM.GTP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Genomics [q-bio.GN], Metabolome, Genetics, Humans, Calcium, Transcriptome, Pancreas, Molecular Biology, Transcription Factors
Abstract: International audience; Functional differentiation of pancreatic like tissue from human induced pluripotent stem cells is one of the emerging strategies to achieve an in vitro pancreas model. Here, we propose a protocol to cultivate hiPSC-derived β-like-cells coupling spheroids and microfluidic technologies to improve the pancreatic lineage maturation. The protocol led to the development of spheroids producing the C-peptide and containing cells positive to insulin and glucagon. In order to further characterize the cellular and molecular profiles, we performed full transcriptomics and metabolomics analysis. The omics analysis confirmed the activation of key transcription factors together with the upregulation of genes and the presence of metabolites involved in functional pancreatic tissue development, extracellular matrix remodeling, lipid and fatty acid metabolism, and endocrine hormone signaling. When compared to static 3D honeycomb cultures, dynamic 3D biochip cultures contributed to increase specifically the activity of the HIF transcription factor, to activate the calcium activated cation channels, to enrich the glucagon and insulin pathways and glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, and to increase the secretion of serotonin, glycerol and glycerol-3-phosphate at the metabolic levels.
Published: 2022

6. Anomalous thermal conductivity by surface phonon-polaritons of polar nano thin films due to their asymmetric surrounding media

Author: Jose Ordonez-Miranda, Beom Joon Kim, Bruno Palpant, Sebastian Volz, Laurent Tranchant, Yann Chalopin, Takuro Tokunaga, Thomas Antoni, Laboratoire d'Énergétique Moléculaire et Macroscopique, Combustion (EM2C), CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Industrial Science (IIS), The University of Tokyo, Laboratoire de Photonique Quantique et Moléculaire (LPQM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CentraleSupélec-École normale supérieure - Cachan (ENS Cachan), Université Paris Saclay (COmUE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CentraleSupélec, The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), École normale supérieure - Cachan (ENS Cachan)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Énergétique Moléculaire et Macroscopique, Combustion ( EM2C ), CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institute of Industrial Science ( IIS ), Laboratoire de Photonique Quantique et Moléculaire ( LPQM ), and École normale supérieure - Cachan ( ENS Cachan ) -CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS )
Subjects: Permittivity, Materials science, Phonon, [ PHYS.COND.CM-MS ] Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], General Physics and Astronomy, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, RADIATIVE HEAT-TRANSFER, Condensed Matter::Materials Science, Surface conductivity, NANOSCALE, Optics, Thermal conductivity, Condensed Matter::Superconductivity, 0103 physical sciences, Thin film, 010306 general physics, Absorption (electromagnetic radiation), Condensed matter physics, business.industry, Surface phonon, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Thermal conduction, MODES, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], 0210 nano-technology, business
Abstract: The surface phonon-polaritons contribution to the thermal conductivity of a nano thin film of silicon dioxide is investigated based on the Maxwell equations and the Boltzmann transport equation. It is shown that: (1) a small difference between the permittivities of the substrate and superstrate of the film can generate giant propagation lengths and therefore remarkably enhances its thermal conductivity with respect to values obtained for a freestanding one. (2) The propagation of surface phonon-polaritons is present in a broad band of frequencies and exhibits its largest propagation lengths at the frequency where the absorption of energy is minimal. (3) The increase of the thermal conductivity of the film as its thickness decreases is higher when it is deposited on potassium bromide instead of being suspended in air. The difference in the thermal conductivity for these two systems increases with increasing temperature and reducing the film thickness. A thermal conductivity as high as 2.5 W/m K is obtained for a 30 nm-thick thin film at room temperature, which is about 1.8 times larger than its bulk phonon value. The obtained results show that the propagation of surface phonon-polaritons has the potential not only to offset the reduction of the phonon thermal conductivity of a nano thin film, when its sizes are scaled down, but also to enhance it, by choosing properly the permittivity of its substrate.
Published: 2013

7. Size effect on phonon hydrodynamics in graphite microstructures and nanostructures

Author: Masahiro Nomura, Sebastian Volz, Zhongwei Zhang, Shiyun Xiong, Marc Bescond, Moran Wang, Yangyu Guo, Tongji University, Laboratoire matériaux et microélectronique de Provence (L2MP), Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille 3-Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Énergétique Moléculaire et Macroscopique, Combustion (EM2C), Université Paris Saclay (COmUE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CentraleSupélec, Computational Earth Sciences Group (EES-16), Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Institute of Industrial Science (IIS), The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), Laboratory for Integrated Micro Mechatronics Systems (LIMMS), The University of Tokyo (UTokyo)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Saclay (COmUE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), and Tsinghua University [Beijing] (THU)
Subjects: [PHYS]Physics [physics], Materials science, Condensed matter physics, Phonon, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Thermal conductivity, 0103 physical sciences, Ribbon, Kinetic theory of gases, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], [PHYS.MECA.THER]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Thermics [physics.class-ph], Graphite, Knudsen number, [SPI.NANO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics, 010306 general physics, 0210 nano-technology, Anisotropy, Scaling
Abstract: International audience; The understanding of hydrodynamic heat transport in finite-sized graphitic materials remains elusive due to the lack of an efficient methodology. In this paper, we develop a computational framework enabling an accurate description of heat transport in anisotropic graphite ribbons by a kinetic theory approach with full quantum mechanical first-principles input. A unified analysis of the size scaling of the thermal conductivity in the longitudinal and transverse directions of the system is made within the computational framework complemented with a macroscopic hydrodynamic approach. As a result, we demonstrate a strong end effect on the phonon Knudsen minimum, as a hallmark of the transition from ballistic to hydrodynamic heat transports, along a rectangular graphite ribbon with finite length and width. The phonon Knudsen minimum is found to take place only when the ribbon length is ∼5-10 times the upper limit of the width range in the hydrodynamic regime. This paper contributes to a unique methodology with high efficiency and a deeper understanding of the size effect on phonon hydrodynamics, which would open opportunities for its theoretical and experimental investigation in graphitic micro-and nanostructures.
Published: 2021

8. Coherent thermal transport in nano-phononic crystals: An overview

Author: Yangyu Guo, Masahiro Nomura, Marc Bescond, Jie Chen, Sebastian Volz, Zhongwei Zhang, Tongji University, Laboratoire matériaux et microélectronique de Provence (L2MP), Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille 3-Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP (UMR_7154)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPG Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Institute of Industrial Science (IIS), The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), Laboratory for Integrated Micro Mechatronics Systems (LIMMS), The University of Tokyo (UTokyo)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-IPG PARIS-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)
Subjects: Anderson localization, Materials science, Field (physics), Phonon, QC1-999, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Thermal conductivity, 0103 physical sciences, Thermal, Nano, General Materials Science, [SPI.NANO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics, 010306 general physics, Randomness, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Physics, General Engineering, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Engineering physics, Heat transfer, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], [PHYS.MECA.THER]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Thermics [physics.class-ph], 0210 nano-technology, TP248.13-248.65, Biotechnology
Abstract: International audience; Nano-phononic crystals have attracted a great deal of research interest in the field of nanoscale thermal transport due to their unique coherent thermal transport behavior. So far, there have been many advances in the theory and simulation studies of coherent thermal transport in nanophononic crystals. In this paper, we summarize the state-of-the-art studies in this field from the perspective of coherent thermal transport at low temperatures, minimum thermal conductivity, Anderson localization, in various nanosystems, and in the frame of machine learning driven studies. Each part is specifically presented under different simulation methodologies, in which the background theories are also summarized. Accordingly, the controversies between different methodologies in describing wave-like/coherent and particle-like/incoherent thermal phonons are discussed. Various effects on coherent thermal transport are reviewed, including interface roughness, mass disorder, structural randomness, aperiodic ordering, and temperature effect. Finally, an outlook on the future research on coherent thermal transport in nano-phononic crystals is given. This overview provides fundamental and advanced knowledge to understand the coherent thermal transport in nano-phononic crystals, which will be beneficial to the further understanding of the physical picture of thermal phonons and heat transfer related applications.
Published: 2021

9. In Situ Interferometry for ppm-Order Solubility Analysis at High Temperatures: A Case Study of Carbon Solubility in Molten Silicon

Author: Didier Chaussende, Sakiko Kawanishi, Hiroyuki Shibata, Takeshi Yoshikawa, Institute for Multidisciplinary Research on Advanced Materials (IMRAM), Tohoku University [Sendai], Institute of Industrial Science (IIS), The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), Science et Ingénierie des Matériaux et Procédés (SIMaP), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), and Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)
Subjects: In situ, Materials science, 0211 other engineering and technologies, Analytical chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, [CHIM.INOR]Chemical Sciences/Inorganic chemistry, 7. Clean energy, [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, symbols.namesake, Materials Chemistry, Solubility, 021102 mining & metallurgy, Quenching, Structural material, Component (thermodynamics), Metals and Alloys, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, Gibbs free energy, Interferometry, chemistry, Mechanics of Materials, symbols, 0210 nano-technology, Carbon
Abstract: International audience; The precise solubility data of a component in high-temperature melts are essential for the design and optimization of various processes including pyrometallurgical and solution growth processes. In this study, we developed an in situ method for measuring the solubility of a component in molten metals and alloys and investigated C solubility in molten Si using a system comprising Si and SiC substrate. The three-dimensional interfacial shape between the SiC substrate and molten Si droplet was analyzed from images captured by interferometry utilizing the internal interference in the SiC substrate. From the changes in interfacial shape, the temperature dependence of C solubility in molten Si up to 1873 K was successfully evaluated in the single experiment. The obtained C solubilities were in accordance with the smallest solubilities ever reported, suggesting a reliable evaluation because overestimations sometimes happen in the conventional point-by-point measurements of quenching samples. In addition, the excess partial molar Gibbs energy of C in molten Si was evaluated thermodynamically. The proposed method enables the in situ and crucible-free quantitative analysis of the solubility of a component in molten metals and alloys in the order of a few tens to hundreds of ppm for various material systems at high temperatures.
Published: 2021

10. Review of coherent phonon and heat transport control in one-dimensional phononic crystals at nanoscale

Author: Roman Anufriev, Jeremie Maire, Masahiro Nomura, Institute of Industrial Science (IIS), The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), Institut de Mécanique et d'Ingénierie (I2M), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, and HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM)
Subjects: Materials science, Nanostructure, Phonon, Terahertz radiation, Superlattice, QC1-999, Physics::Optics, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Condensed Matter::Materials Science, Thermal conductivity, Condensed Matter::Superconductivity, 0103 physical sciences, General Materials Science, 010306 general physics, Photonic crystal, business.industry, Physics, General Engineering, [SPI.MECA]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph], 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Thermal conduction, Condensed Matter::Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect, Coherent control, Optoelectronics, 0210 nano-technology, business, TP248.13-248.65, Biotechnology
Abstract: Phononic crystals are the acoustic analogs of photonic crystals and aim at manipulating phonon transport using phonon interference in periodic structures. While such periodic structures are typically two-dimensional, many applications require one-dimensional (1D) wire-like or bulk structures instead. In this Research Update, we summarize the past decade of theoretical and experimental studies of coherent control of phonon and heat transport in one-dimensional phononic crystals. At the hypersonic frequencies, phononic crystals successfully found applications in optomechanical devices at the microscale. However, at higher terahertz frequencies, experimentalists struggle to demonstrate that coherent thermal transport at room temperature is possible at length scales of hundreds of nanometers. Although many theoretical works predict a reduction in the thermal conductivity in 1D phononic crystals due to coherent effects, most observations conclude about the incoherent nature of heat conduction at least at room temperature. Nevertheless, experiments on superlattices and carbon nanotubes have demonstrated evidence of coherent heat conduction even at room temperature in structures with the periodicity of a few nanometers. Thus, further miniaturization and improving fabrication quality are currently the main challenges faced by 1D phononic nanostructures.
Published: 2021

11. Thermal self-synchronization of nano-objects

Author: Marc Bescond, Jie Chen, Sebastian Volz, Yangyu Guo, Masahiro Nomura, Zhongwei Zhang, Tongji University, Institute of Industrial Science (IIS), The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), Laboratoire matériaux et microélectronique de Provence (L2MP), Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille 3-Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-IPG PARIS-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Laboratory for Integrated Micro Mechatronics Systems (LIMMS), The University of Tokyo (UTokyo)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP (UMR_7154)), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPG Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)
Subjects: Physics, Kuramoto model, Phase (waves), General Physics and Astronomy, Thermal fluctuations, 02 engineering and technology, Dissipation, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Potential energy, Synchronization (alternating current), Resonator, 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], [PHYS.MECA.THER]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Thermics [physics.class-ph], Statistical physics, [SPI.NANO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics, [PHYS.COND]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat], 010306 general physics, 0210 nano-technology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Nanopillar
Abstract: International audience; Self-synchronization is a ubiquitous phenomenon in nature, in which oscillators are collectively locked in frequency and phase through mutual interactions. While self-synchronization requires the forced excitation of at least one of the oscillators, we demonstrate that this mechanism spontaneously appears due to activation from thermal fluctuations. By performing molecular dynamics simulations, we demonstrate self-synchronization in a platform supporting doped silicon resonator nanopillars having different eigenfrequencies. We find that pillar's vibrations are spontaneously converging to the same frequency and phase. In addition, the dependencies on the intrinsic frequency difference and the coupling strength agree well with the Kuramoto model predictions. More interestingly, we find that a balance between energy dissipation resulting from phonon-phonon scattering and potential energy between oscillators is reached to maintain synchronization. The balance could be suppressed by increasing the membrane size. While microscopic stochastic motions are known to follow random probability distributions, we finally prove that they can also yield coherent collective motions via self-synchronization.
Published: 2021

12. Anomalous thermal conductivity enhancement in low dimensional resonant nanostructures due to imperfections

Author: Marc Bescond, Zhongwei Zhang, Hongying Wang, Zheyong Fan, Yangyu Guo, Sebastian Volz, Massahiro Nomura, Yajuan Cheng, Shiyun Xiong, Tapio Ala-Nissila, Key Lab for Microorganism and Bio-transformation, South-Central University for Nationalities, Institute of Industrial Science (IIS), The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), Tongji University, Laboratoire matériaux et microélectronique de Provence (L2MP), Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille 3-Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Aalto University School of Science and Technology [Aalto, Finland], Laboratory for Integrated Micro Mechatronics Systems (LIMMS), and The University of Tokyo (UTokyo)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Materials science, Condensed matter physics, Phonon, Graphene, Metamaterial, Resonance, 02 engineering and technology, Carbon nanotube, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Condensed Matter::Materials Science, Thermal conductivity, law, Vacancy defect, 0103 physical sciences, General Materials Science, [PHYS.COND]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat], 010306 general physics, 0210 nano-technology, Graphene nanoribbons
Abstract: Nanophononic metamaterials have broad applications in fields such as heat management, thermoelectric energy conversion, and nanoelectronics. Phonon resonance in pillared low-dimensional structures has been suggested to be a feasible approach to reduce thermal conductivity (TC). In this work, we study the effects of imperfections in pillared nanostructures based on graphene nanoribbons (GNR), using classical molecular dynamics simulations and harmonic lattice dynamics. The TC of perfect pillared GNR is only about 13% of that of pristine GNR due to the strong phonon resonant hybridization in pillared GNR. However, introducing imperfections such as vacancy defects and mass mismatch between the pillars and the base material, and alloy disorder in the pillars, can weaken the resonant hybridization and abnormally increase the TC. We show that both vacancy defects and mass mismatch can reduce the penetration of the resonant modes from the pillars into the base material, while the alloy disorder in the pillars can scatter the phonons inside them, which turns regular resonance into a random one with weaker hybridization. Our work provides useful insight into the phonon resonance mechanisms in experimentally relevant low dimensional nanostructures containing various imperfections.
Published: 2021

13. Vapor pressure deficit and sunlight explain seasonality of leaf phenology and photosynthesis across amazonian evergreen broadleaved forest

Author: Nicolas Viovy, Liyang Liu, Shushi Peng, Hao Tang, Xiuzhi Chen, Wenping Yuan, Hyungjun Kim, Ana Bastos, Laurent Li, Haicheng Zhang, Yi Liu, Jean-Pierre Wigneron, Lei Fan, Cédric Bacour, Fabienne Maignan, Yuan Zhang, Philippe Ciais, Julia K. Green, Daniel S. Goll, Pierre Gentine, Jin Wu, National Sun Yat-Sen University (NSYSU), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ICOS-ATC (ICOS-ATC), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Modélisation des Surfaces et Interfaces Continentales (MOSAIC), Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539) (LMD), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), NOVELTIS [Sté], Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA), Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Department of Earth and Environmental Engineering [New York], Columbia University [New York], Institute of Industrial Science (IIS), The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology (NUIST), Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University [Beijing], Department of Geographical Sciences [College Park], University of Maryland [College Park], University of Maryland System-University of Maryland System, The University of Hong Kong (HKU), Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, ANR-15-JCLI-0002,CLIMAX,Climate Services Through Knowledge Co-Production: A Euro-South American Initiative For Strengthening Societal Adaptation Response to Extreme Events(2015), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)
Subjects: Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Vapour Pressure Deficit, Amazonian, Photosynthesis, climatic triggers, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, dry-season photosynthesis, Leaf phenology, biogeochemical cycles of carbon fluxes, medicine, Environmental Chemistry, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, 030304 developmental biology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science, Sunlight, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, 0303 health sciences, Global and Planetary Change, tropical phenology, 15. Life on land, Seasonality, Evergreen, medicine.disease, Amazonian evergreen forests, Agronomy, 13. Climate action, land surface models, Environmental science
Abstract: International audience; Amazonian evergreen forests show distinct canopy phenology and photosynthetic seasonality but the climatic triggers are not well understood. This imposes a challenge for modeling leaf phenology and photosynthesis seasonality in land surface models (LSMs) across Amazonian evergreen forest biome. On continental scale, we tested two climatic triggers suggested by site observations, vapor pressure deficit (VPD), and short-wave incoming radiation (SW) for defining leaf shedding and incorporated VPD- and SW-triggered new canopy phenology modules in the ORCHIDEE LSM (hereafter VPD-AP and SW-AP versions). Our results show that both VPD and SW are plausible precursors of large scale litterfall seasonality across the basin by comparing against in situ data from 14 sites. Specially, both VPD-AP and SW-AP correctly capture the increases in litterfall during the early dry season, followed by a flush of new leaves with increasing photosynthetic rates during the later dry season. The VPD-AP version performs better than the SW-AP version in capturing a dry-season increase of photosynthesis across the wet Amazonia areas where mean annual precipitation exceeds 2,000 mm yr$^{-1}$, consistent with previous satellite data analysis. Both VPD-AP and SW-AP model versions perform well in northern, central and southern Amazon regions where the SW seasonality is unimodal, but miss the seasonality of satellite GPP proxies in the eastern region off the coast of Guyana shield where SW seasonality is bimodal. Our findings imply that atmospheric dryness and sunlight availability likely explain the seasonality of leaf shedding and leaf flush processes, respectively, and consequently control canopy photosynthesis in Amazonian evergreen forests
Published: 2021

14. State-of-the-art global models underestimate impacts from climate extremes

Author: Schewe, J., Gosling, S., Reyer, C., Zhao, F., Ciais, P., Elliott, J., Francois, L., Huber, V., Lotze, H., Seneviratne I, S., van Vliet, M., Vautard, R., Wada, Y., Breuer, L., Buechner, M., Carozza, D., Chang, J., Coll, M., Deryng, D., de Wit, A., Eddy, T., Folberth, C., Frieler, K., Friend, A., Gerten, D., Gudmundsson, L., Hanasaki, N., Ito, A., Khabarov, N., Kim, H., Lawrence, P., Morfopoulos, C., Mueller, C., Schmied, H., Orth, R., Ostberg, S., Pokhrel, Y., Pugh, T., Sakurai, G., Satoh, Y., Schmid, E., Stacke, T., https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4637-5337, Steenbeek, J., Steinkamp, J., Tang, Q., Tian, H., Tittensor, D., Volkholz, J., Wang, X., Warszawski, L., Potsdam-Institut für Klimafolgenforschung (PIK), University of Nottingham, UK (UON), Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), East China Normal University [Shangaï] (ECNU), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ICOS-ATC (ICOS-ATC), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Chicago, Institut d'Astrophysique et de Géophysique [Liège], Université de Liège, Dalhousie University [Halifax], Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science [Zürich] (IAC), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Extrèmes : Statistiques, Impacts et Régionalisation (ESTIMR), International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis [Laxenburg] (IIASA), Inst Landscape Ecol & Resources Management, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen = Justus Liebig University (JLU), Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM), MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation (UMR MARBEC), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research, University of East Anglia [Norwich] (UEA), Wageningen University and Research Centre (WUR), Department of Geography, University of Liverpool, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Geosciences [Oslo], Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences [Oslo], University of Oslo (UiO)-University of Oslo (UiO), National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), Institute of Industrial Science (IIS), The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), Groupe Immunité des Muqueuses et Agents Pathogènes (GIMAP), Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM), Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering [Ann Arbor] (CEE), University of Michigan [Ann Arbor], University of Michigan System-University of Michigan System, Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Universität für Bodenkultur Wien = University of Natural Resources and Life [Vienne, Autriche] (BOKU), Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht (GKSS), Ecopath International Initiative Research Association, Shandong Agricultural University (SDAU), Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539) (LMD), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen (JLU), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM), Universität für Bodenkultur Wien [Vienne, Autriche] (BOKU), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Schewe, Jacob [0000-0001-9455-4159], Gosling, Simon N [0000-0001-5973-6862], Ciais, Philippe [0000-0001-8560-4943], Lotze, Heike K [0000-0001-6258-1304], Seneviratne, Sonia I [0000-0001-9528-2917], van Vliet, Michelle TH [0000-0002-2597-8422], Vautard, Robert [0000-0001-5544-9903], Wada, Yoshihide [0000-0003-4770-2539], Breuer, Lutz [0000-0001-9720-1076], Carozza, David A [0000-0001-7343-9442], Chang, Jinfeng [0000-0003-4463-7778], Coll, Marta [0000-0001-6235-5868], de Wit, Allard [0000-0002-5517-6404], Eddy, Tyler D [0000-0002-2833-9407], Folberth, Christian [0000-0002-6738-5238], Gerten, Dieter [0000-0002-6214-6991], Gudmundsson, Lukas [0000-0003-3539-8621], Hanasaki, Naota [0000-0002-5092-7563], Ito, Akihiko [0000-0001-5265-0791], Khabarov, Nikolay [0000-0001-5372-4668], Kim, Hyungjun [0000-0003-1083-8416], Lawrence, Peter [0000-0002-4843-4903], Müller, Christoph [0000-0002-9491-3550], Müller Schmied, Hannes [0000-0001-5330-9923], Ostberg, Sebastian [0000-0002-2368-7015], Pokhrel, Yadu [0000-0002-1367-216X], Steenbeek, Jeroen [0000-0002-7878-8075], Steinkamp, Jörg [0000-0002-7861-8789], Tang, Qiuhong [0000-0002-0886-6699], Tian, Hanqin [0000-0002-1806-4091], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, European Commission, and Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany)
Subjects: Earth Observation and Environmental Informatics, WIMEK, 0602 Ecology, [SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, Science, Aardobservatie en omgevingsinformatica, Life Science, Water Systems and Global Change, lcsh:Q, PE&RC, lcsh:Science, Article
Abstract: 14 pages, 6 figures, supplementary information .-- Data availability. Simulation data from gridded impact models is available through https://esg.pik-potsdam.de/projects/isimip2a/ and citable using the following DOIs: https://doi.org/10.5880/PIK.2017.002 (terrestrial ecosystems); https://doi.org/10.5880/PIK.2017.006 (agriculture); https://doi.org/10.5880/PIK.2017.010 (hydrology); https://doi.org/10.5880/PIK.2018.004 (marine ecosystems, regional); https://doi.org/10.5880/PIK.2018.005 (marine ecosystems, global). The city-level mortality model data and country-level hydropower model data are available from the authors upon request, Global impact models represent process-level understanding of how natural and human systems may be affected by climate change. Their projections are used in integrated assessments of climate change. Here we test, for the first time, systematically across many important systems, how well such impact models capture the impacts of extreme climate conditions. Using the 2003 European heat wave and drought as a historical analogue for comparable events in the future, we find that a majority of models underestimate the extremeness of impacts in important sectors such as agriculture, terrestrial ecosystems, and heat-related human mortality, while impacts on water resources and hydropower are overestimated in some river basins; and the spread across models is often large. This has important implications for economic assessments of climate change impacts that rely on these models. It also means that societal risks from future extreme events may be greater than previously thought, The work was supported within the framework of the Leibniz Competition (SAW-2013-PIK-5), the EU FP7 project HELIX (grant no. FP7–603864–2), the FP7 project IMPACT2C (grant agreement#282746) and by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF, grant no. 01LS1201A1)
Published: 2019

15. Anharmonic phonon-phonon scattering at the interface between two solids by nonequilibrium Green's function formalism

Author: Sebastian Volz, Zhongwei Zhang, Shiyun Xiong, Yangyu Guo, Masahiro Nomura, Marc Bescond, Tongji University, Laboratoire matériaux et microélectronique de Provence (L2MP), Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille 3-Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Industrial Science (IIS), The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), Laboratory for Integrated Micro Mechatronics Systems (LIMMS), and The University of Tokyo (UTokyo)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [PHYS]Physics [physics], Physics, Condensed matter physics, Phonon scattering, Phonon, Scattering, Anharmonicity, Non-equilibrium thermodynamics, 02 engineering and technology, Inelastic scattering, Condensed Matter::Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, symbols.namesake, Scattering rate, Green's function, 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], [PHYS.MECA.THER]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Thermics [physics.class-ph], symbols, [SPI.NANO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics, 010306 general physics, 0210 nano-technology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience; The understanding and modeling of inelastic scattering of thermal phonons at a solid/solid interface remain an open question. We present a fully quantum theoretical scheme to quantify the effect of anharmonic phonon-phonon scattering at an interface via nonequilibrium Green's function (NEGF) formalism. Based on the real-space scattering rate matrix, a decomposition of the interfacial spectral energy exchange is made into contributions from local and nonlocal anharmonic interactions, of which the former is shown to be predominant for high-frequency phonons whereas both are important for low-frequency phonons. The anharmonic decay of interfacial phonon modes is revealed to play a crucial role in bridging the bulk modes across the interface. The overall quantitative contribution of anharmonicity to thermal boundary conductance is found to be moderate. The present work promotes a deeper understanding of heat transport at the interface and an intuitive interpretation of anharmonic phonon NEGF formalism.
Published: 2021

16. Development and Verification of a Gesture-generating Architecture for Conversational Humanoid Robots

Author: Watanabe, Miki, Takizawa, Masaru, Suzue, Yutaka, Baumert, David, Kudoh, Shunsuke, Nakamura, Minako, Suehiro, Takashi, Ishiguro, Hiroshi, Ikeuchi, Katsushi, Graduate School of Engineering Science [Toyonaka, Osaka], Osaka University, Graduate School of Information Systems, The University of Electro-Communications [Tokyo], Microsoft Research, Ochanomizu University, Institute of Industrial Science (IIS), The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), and Graduate School of Engineering Science [Osaka]
Subjects: Conversational interface, gesture, Labanotation, [INFO.INFO-RB]Computer Science [cs]/Robotics [cs.RO], humanoid, service, Chatbot
Abstract: With the increasing need for care and daily life support, particularly for elderly people, the demand for communication robots is steadily increasing. A robot should possess excellent conversational capabilities to coexist with humans. Gestures accompanying spoken sentences are also an important factor to consider. Humanoid robots should essentially possess such capabilities because their merits reside in their humanlike appearance that enables the use of gestures to enrich interactions. However, present systems for gesture generation lack some degree of physical realism. A method for humanoid robots to generate gestures along with spoken sentences is proposed herein. The results of a user study show that our method, which considers speech semantics, can enable robots to interact more naturally with humans. In addition, we emphasize that our gesture-generating architecture can be applied to any type of humanoid robot because our gesture presentation uses Labanotation, which is a system for describing human gestures that are easily compatible with other robots. This study will possibly contribute to the development of an integrated system for conversational robots whose speech and gestures can supplement each other in human-robot interactions.
Published: 2021

17. Thermal-Wave Diode

Author: Juan Jose Alvarado-Gil, Sebastian Volz, Jose Ordonez-Miranda, Masahiro Nomura, Yangyu Guo, Laboratory for Integrated Micro Mechatronics Systems (LIMMS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), Instituto Politecnico Nacional [Mexico] (IPN), Institut Pprime (PPRIME), ENSMA-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Poitiers, Institute of Industrial Science (IIS), and Centro de Investigacion y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV)
Subjects: Materials science, Diffusion equation, General Physics and Astronomy, 02 engineering and technology, Mechanics, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Heat capacity, PACS: 65.40.-b, 65.60.+a, 65.90.+i, Thermal conductivity, Heat flux, Rectification, Volumetric heat capacity, 0103 physical sciences, Thermal, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], [PHYS.MECA.THER]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Thermics [physics.class-ph], [PHYS.COND]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat], [SPI.NANO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics, 010306 general physics, 0210 nano-technology, Diode
Abstract: International audience; Based on the spatiotemporal modulation of thermal conductivity and volumetric heat capacity, we propose a thermal-wave diode characterized by the rectification of the heat currents carried by thermal waves. By transforming Fourier's law for the heat flux and the diffusion equation for the temperature into equations with constant coefficients, it is shown that: (i) the rectification effect is generated by the simultaneous wavelike modulation of both thermal properties, such that it disappears in the absence of either of them, and (ii) the rectification factor can be optimized and tuned by means of the speed and phase difference of the variations of the heat capacity and thermal conductivity. High rectification factors, greater than 86%, are obtained for lower frequencies driving the propagation of thermal waves. The proposed thermal-wave diode is thus analogous to its electronic counterpart operating with modulated electrical currents and can open a vista for developing different types of thermal-wave logic components.
Published: 2021

18. Interglacial Antarctic–Southern Ocean climate decoupling due to moisture source area shifts

Author: Amaelle Landais, Valérie Masson-Delmotte, Alexandre Cauquoin, Jean Jouzel, Bénédicte Minster, A. Grisart, Elise Fourré, Françoise Vimeux, I. Crotti, Thomas Extier, Ryu Uemura, Barbara Stenni, E. Selmo, Martin Werner, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), UMR 5805 Environnements et Paléoenvironnements Océaniques et Continentaux (EPOC), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-19-CE27-0011,NEANDROOTS,450-350 ka : un seuil dans l'évolution humaine ? Comprendre les racines du monde néandertalien(2019), Glaces et Continents, Climats et Isotopes Stables (GLACCIOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics [Venezia], University of Ca’ Foscari [Venice, Italy], Institute of Industrial Science (IIS), The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability [Parma], Università degli studi di Parma = University of Parma (UNIPR), Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques (EPOC), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research (AWI), Hydrosciences Montpellier (HSM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Graduate School of Environmental Studies [Nagoya], Nagoya University, This work is a contribution to EPICA, a joint European Science Foundation/European Commission (EU) scientific programme, funded by the European Union and by national contributions from Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. The main logistic support was provided by Institut Polaire Français Paul-Emile Victor and Programma Nazionale Ricerche in Antartide (at Dome C) and Alfred Wegener Institute (at Dronning Maud Land). We thank the Dome C logistics teams and the drilling team that made the science possible., and European Project: 0817493(2008)
Subjects: Cryospheric science, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Oceanic climate, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Atmospheric sciences, Palaeoclimate, 01 natural sciences, Sea surface temperature, Ice core, 13. Climate action, Settore GEO/08 - Geochimica e Vulcanologia, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Interglacial, Sea ice, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, 14. Life underwater, Glacial period, Quaternary, Global cooling, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: Succession of cold glacials and warm interglacials during the Quaternary results from large global climate responses to variable orbital configurations, accompanied by fluctuating greenhouse gas concentrations. Despite the influences of sea ice and atmospheric and ocean circulations in the Southern Ocean on atmospheric CO2 concentrations and climate, past changes in this region remain poorly documented. Here, we present the 800 ka deuterium excess record from the East Antarctica EPICA Dome C ice core, tracking sea surface temperature in evaporative regions of the Indian sector of the Southern Ocean from which moisture precipitated in East Antarctica is derived. We find that low obliquity leads to surface warming in evaporative moisture source regions during each glacial inception, although this relative temperature increase is counterbalanced by global cooling during glacial maxima. Links between the two regions during interglacials depends on the existence of a temperature maximum at the interglacial onset. In its absence, temperature maxima in the evaporative moisture source regions and in East Antarctica were synchronous. For the other interglacials, temperature maxima in the source areas lag early local temperature maxima by several thousand years, probably because of a change in the position of the evaporative source areas. Interglacial temperature coupling between East Antarctica and the Southern Ocean was set by the position of moisture source regions, according to an 800,000-year-long deuterium-excess ice-core record from East Antarctica.
Published: 2021

19. Development of a pancreas-liver organ-on-chip coculture model for organ-to-organ interaction studies

Author: Rie Kinoshita, Amal Essaouiba, Teru Okitsu, Cécile Legallais, Rachid Jellali, Marie Shinohara, Eric Leclerc, Yasuyuki Sakai, Mathieu Danoy, Université de Technologie de Compiègne (UTC), Institute of Industrial Science (IIS), The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, endocrine system, Environmental Engineering, endocrine system diseases, medicine.medical_treatment, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Biomedical Engineering, Bioengineering, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, Islets of Langerhans, Downregulation and upregulation, 010608 biotechnology, Diabetes mellitus, medicine, glucose homeostasis, 030304 developmental biology, NeuroD, 0303 health sciences, biology, Insulin, medicine.disease, Cell biology, Insulin receptor, medicine.anatomical_structure, biology.protein, GLUT2, PDX1, hepatocytes, Pancreas, coculture, Biotechnology, microfluidic biochips
Abstract: International audience; Advances in organ-on-chip technology allowed the recapitulation of two or more organs interaction thanks to dedicated microbioreactors interconnected by microfluidic network. Here, we developed pancreas-liver coculture model in a microfluidic biochip, using rat Langerhans islets and hepatocytes. The behavior and functionality of the model were compared to islets and hepatocytes (with/without insulin) monocultures. We confirmed the insulin, glucagon and C-peptide secretions by islets monoculture and coculture. Furthermore, C-peptide and insulin secretions were higher in coculture after 5 days of culture. The islets coculture presented downregulation of Pdx1, Glut2, Gcg, App, Ins1, Neurod, Neurog3 and Gcgr genes, compared to monocultures. In hepatic compartment, the monocultures without insulin were negative to CK18 staining and displayed a weaker production of albumin when compared to monocultures with insulin. They also presented a moderate protein expression of CYP3A2, GLUT2, INSR and modulation of several hepatic genes. In coculture model, hepatocytes displayed albumin productions similar to those in monoculture with insulin. The hepatocytes cocultures were highly positive to INSR, GLUT2, CK18 and CYP3A2 immunostaining and allowed to recover mRNA levels similar to monoculture with insulin (Gcgr, Insr, Hnf4a, Igfbp1 and Alb). The result illustrated that islets can produce insulin to supplement the culture medium and recover hepatic functionality. We believe that our model illustrated the potential of organ-on-chip technology to reproduce cross-talk between liver and pancreas.
Published: 2020

20. Influence of CPM-dependent sorting on the multi-omics profile of hepatocyte-like cells matured in microscale biochips

Author: Mathieu Danoy, Stéphane Poulain, Benedikt Scheidecker, Rachid Jellali, Yannick Tauran, Marjorie Leduc, Johanna Bruce, Francoise Gilard, Bertrand Gakiere, Hiroshi Arakawa, Yukio Kato, Soo Hyeon Kim, Taketomo Kido, Atsushi Miyajima, Yasuyuki Sakai, Eric Leclerc, Institute of Industrial Science (IIS), The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), Graduate School of Engineering [The Univ of Tokyo] (UTokyo), Biomécanique et Bioingénierie (BMBI), Université de Technologie de Compiègne (UTC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des Multimatériaux et Interfaces (LMI), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Plateforme protéomique 3P5 [Institut Cochin] (3P5), Institut Cochin (IC UM3 (UMR 8104 / U1016)), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Institut des Sciences des Plantes de Paris-Saclay (IPS2 (UMR_9213 / UMR_1403)), Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Kanazawa University (KU), Laboratory for Integrated Micro Mechatronics Systems (LIMMS), The University of Tokyo (UTokyo)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) Grant-in-aid for Scientific Research (S) 16H06328., ANR-16-RHUS-0005,iLite,iLite(2016), Université Paris Cité, Equipe HAL, and iLite - - iLite2016 - ANR-16-RHUS-0005 - RHUS - VALID
Subjects: Proteomics, Environmental Engineering, Biomedical Engineering, Bioengineering, Hepatocyte like cells, Nanocage, Induced pluripotent stem cells, Liver, Carboxypeptidase M, [SDV.BBM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Metabolomics, [SDV.BBM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Transcriptomics, Organ on chip, Biotechnology
Abstract: International audience; Liver modeling in disease via advanced in vitro physiological tissues remains a challenging issue, yet crucial for the future development of relevant tools for drug screening. In that regard, advanced technics such as human induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (hiPSCs) and organ-on-chip are promising technologies for the relevant reproduction of the in vivo micro physiology in in vitro culture conditions. In the present work, the maturation of carboxypeptidase M positive (CPM+) Hepatocyte-Like-Cells (HLCs) in microfluidic culture conditions was investigated. hiPSCs were differentiated in culture dishes until sorting and further amplified until seeding in biochips. After 2 weeks of maturation in biochips, evaluation of the cell metabolism was performed, and samples were collected for characterization via RNA sequencing, proteomics and metabolomics. The omics profile of biochips loaded with CPM+ HLCs was then compared with the one of previously cultured biochips loaded with unsorted HLCs. CPM+ HLCs presented advanced liver characteristics in terms of a higher activity of important Transcriptions Factors (TFs) such as HNF1, HNF4A, and CEBP/A, of the upregulation of steroids/corticoids-related nuclear receptors (FXR, NR3C2, NR4A1 genes), of phase I, and phase II metabolism genes (CYP1A1, CYP1B1, CYP2C18, CYP27A1, several UGT, SULT and GST genes). Further differences in the cellular reorganization, in the lipids and steroids metabolisms, in the OXPHOS respiration and in the expression of TGFβ signaling were also observed. The present study introduces a novel protocol using advances hiPSCs differentiation and sorting methods as well as the organ-on-chip technology to highlight important in vitro liver regeneration and hepatic maturation processes.
Published: 2022

21. Spike Sorting Tool for Analysis of Cardiac Extracellular Signals Recorded by Thin-Film-Transistor Sensor Arrays

Author: Anne-Claire Eiler, Junichi Sugita, Satoshi Ihida, Katsuhito Fujiu, Timothée Levi, Agnes Tixier-Mita, Hiroshi Toshiyoshi, Institute of Industrial Science (IIS), The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), Laboratory for Integrated Micro Mechatronics Systems (LIMMS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), Laboratoire de l'intégration, du matériau au système (IMS), and Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Materials science, lcsh:T, Computer Networks and Communications, business.industry, cardiomyocytes, spike sorting, lcsh:Technology, Thin-film-transistor arrays, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Spike sorting, Artificial Intelligence, Thin-film transistor, extracellular potentials, Extracellular, Optoelectronics, business, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: The dynamical property of the heart bioelectrical system is closely associated with cardiac diseases. For this reason, there is a growing interest in the development of system analysis for studying the cardiac signaling network. In this article, extracellular potentials of cardiac muscle cells were measured on an array of microelectrodes using Thin-Film-Transistor (TFT) technology, and electrophysiological data was analyzed using a spike sorting technique. This study shows the possibility of extracting useful bioelectrical information from the extracellular signals recorded by TFT arrays.
Published: 2020

22. A new uncertainty estimation approach with multiple datasets and implementation for various precipitation products

Author: Ching Sheng Huang, Jan Polcher, Tao Yang, Xudong Zhou, Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539) (LMD), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Institute of Industrial Science (IIS), The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering [Nanjing] (HYDRO-LAB), and Hohai University
Subjects: lcsh:GE1-350, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, lcsh:T, Computer science, 0208 environmental biotechnology, lcsh:Geography. Anthropology. Recreation, 02 engineering and technology, Variance (accounting), Gauge (firearms), lcsh:Technology, 01 natural sciences, lcsh:TD1-1066, 020801 environmental engineering, Spatial heterogeneity, Correlation, Uncertainty estimate, lcsh:G, Dimension (vector space), Uncertainty estimation, Statistics, Precipitation, lcsh:Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering, [SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, lcsh:Environmental sciences, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: Ensemble estimates based on multiple datasets are frequently applied once many datasets are available for the same climatic variable. An uncertainty estimate based on the difference between the ensemble datasets is always provided along with the ensemble mean estimate to show to what extent the ensemble members are consistent with each other. However, one fundamental flaw of classic uncertainty estimates is that only the uncertainty in one dimension (either the temporal variability or the spatial heterogeneity) can be considered, whereas the variation along the other dimension is dismissed due to limitations in algorithms for classic uncertainty estimates, resulting in an incomplete assessment of the uncertainties. This study introduces a three-dimensional variance partitioning approach and proposes a new uncertainty estimation (Ue) that includes the data uncertainties in both spatiotemporal scales. The new approach avoids pre-averaging in either of the spatiotemporal dimensions and, as a result, the Ue estimate is around 20 % higher than the classic uncertainty metrics. The deviation of Ue from the classic metrics is apparent for regions with strong spatial heterogeneity and where the variations significantly differ in temporal and spatial scales. This shows that classic metrics underestimate the uncertainty through averaging, which means a loss of information in the variations across spatiotemporal scales. Decomposing the formula for Ue shows that Ue has integrated four different variations across the ensemble dataset members, while only two of the components are represented in the classic uncertainty estimates. This analysis of the decomposition explains the correlation as well as the differences between the newly proposed Ue and the two classic uncertainty metrics. The new approach is implemented and analysed with multiple precipitation products of different types (e.g. gauge-based products, merged products and GCMs) which contain different sources of uncertainties with different magnitudes. Ue of the gauge-based precipitation products is the smallest, while Ue of the other products is generally larger because other uncertainty sources are included and the constraints of the observations are not as strong as in gauge-based products. This new three-dimensional approach is flexible in its structure and particularly suitable for a comprehensive assessment of multiple datasets over large regions within any given period.
Published: 2020

23. The Iso2k database: a global compilation of paleo-δ18O and δ2H records to aid understanding of Common Era climate

Author: Konecky, Bronwen, Mckay, Nicholas, Churakova (sidorova), Olga, Comas-Bru, Laia, Dassié, Émilie, Delong, Kristine L., Falster, Georgina, Fischer, Matt, Jones, Matthew, Jonkers, Lukas, Kaufman, Darrell S., Leduc, Guillaume, Managave, Shreyas, Martrat, Belen, Opel, Thomas, Orsi, Anais, Partin, Judson, Sayani, Hussein, Thomas, Elizabeth R., Thompson, Diane, Tyler, Jonathan J., Abram, Nerilie J., Atwood, Alyssa, Cartapanis, Olivier, Conroy, Jessica, Curran, Mark, Dee, Sylvia, Deininger, Michael, Divine, Dmitry V., Kern, Zoltán, Porter, Trevor J., Stevenson, Samantha, von Gunten, Lucien, Braun, Kerstin, Carré, Matthieu, Incarbona, Alessandro, Kaushal, Nikita, Klaebe, Robert M., Kolus, Hannah R., Mortyn, Peter Graham, Moy, Andrew D., Roop, Heidi A., Sicre, Marie-Alexandrine, Yoshimura, Kei, Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences [St Louis], Washington University in Saint Louis (WUSTL), School of Earth Sciences & Environmental Sustainability, Northern Arizona University [Flagstaff], Siberian Federal University (SibFU), Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, School of Archaeology, Geography and Environmental Sciences (SAGES), University of Reading (UOR), Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques (EPOC), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), LSU - Department of Geography and Anthropology [Baton Rouge], Louisiana State University (LSU), Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation [Australie] (ANSTO), University of Nottingham, UK (UON), Center for Marine Environmental Sciences [Bremen] (MARUM), Universität Bremen, Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Earth and Climate Science Department [IISER Pune], Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune (IISER Pune), Department of Environmental Chemistry [Barcelona], Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research (AWI), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), University of Texas at Austin [Austin], School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences [Atlanta], Georgia Institute of Technology [Atlanta], University at Buffalo [SUNY] (SUNY Buffalo), State University of New York (SUNY), Department of Geosciences [Tucson], University of Arizona, Department of Earth Sciences [Adelaide], University of Adelaide, Research School of Earth Sciences and Centre of Excellence for Climate Extremes, Australian National University (ANU), Department of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, Florida State University [Tallahassee] (FSU), Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research (OCCR), University of Bern, Institute of Geological Sciences [Bern], Department of Geology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign [Urbana], University of Illinois System-University of Illinois System, Australian Antarctic Division (AAD), Australian Government, Department of the Environment and Energy, Rice University [Houston], Institute of Geosciences [Mainz], Johannes Gutenberg - Universität Mainz (JGU), Norwegian Polar Institute, Institute for Geological and Geochemical Research, Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences [Budapest], Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA)-Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA), Department of Geography and Planning [University of Toronto], University of Toronto, Faculty of the Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, University of California [Santa Barbara] (UCSB), University of California-University of California, Past Global Changes International Project Office (PAGES), Past Global Changes International Project Office, Institute of Human Origins, Department of Anthropology, Variabilité à long terme du climat de l'océan (VALCO), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Department of Earth and Marine Sciences [Palermo], Università degli studi di Palermo - University of Palermo, Department of Earth Sciences [Oxford], University of Oxford [Oxford], The University of Adelaide, School of Earth and Environmental Sustainability, Institut de Ciencia i Tecnologia Ambientals (ICTA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), University of Washington [Seattle], Variabilité de l'Océan et de la Glace de mer (VOG), Institute of Industrial Science (IIS), The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), Swiss Academy of SciencesNational Science Foundation (NSF)Chinese Academy of SciencesNSF-AGS1805141NSF-AGS PRF1433408PalMod, the German paleoclimate modeling initiativeFederal Ministry of Education & Research (BMBF), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Geosciences [University of Arizona], Johannes Gutenberg - Universität Mainz = Johannes Gutenberg University (JGU), University of California [Santa Barbara] (UC Santa Barbara), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), and University of Oxford
Subjects: [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, [SDE]Environmental Sciences
Abstract: International audience; Reconstructions of global hydroclimate during the Common Era (CE; the past ∼2000 years) are important for providing context for current and future global environmental change. Stable isotope ratios in water are quantitative indicators of hydroclimate on regional to global scales, and these signals are encoded in a wide range of natural geologic archives. Here we present the Iso2k database, a global compilation of previously published datasets from a variety of natural archives that record the stable oxygen (δ18O) or hydrogen (δ2H) isotopic compositions of environmental waters, which reflect hydroclimate changes over the CE. The Iso2k database contains 759 isotope records from the terrestrial and marine realms, including glacier and ground ice (210); speleothems (68); corals, sclerosponges, and mollusks (143); wood (81); lake sediments and other terrestrial sediments (e.g., loess) (158); and marine sediments (99). Individual datasets have temporal resolutions ranging from sub-annual to centennial and include chronological data where available. A fundamental feature of the database is its comprehensive metadata, which will assist both experts and nonexperts in the interpretation of each record and in data synthesis. Key metadata fields have standardized vocabularies to facilitate comparisons across diverse archives and with climate-model-simulated fields. This is the first global-scale collection of water isotope proxy records from multiple types of geological and biological archives. It is suitable for evaluating hydroclimate processes through time and space using large-scale synthesis, model–data intercomparison and (paleo)data assimilation. The Iso2k database is available for download at https://doi.org/10.25921/57j8-vs18 (Konecky and McKay, 2020) and is also accessible via the NOAA/WDS Paleo Data landing page: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/29593 (last access: 30 July 2020).
Published: 2020

24. Collagen matrix remodeling by fibroblasts monitored by interstitial flow metrology

Author: Cacheux, Jean, Bancaud, Aurélien, Ordonez-Miranda, Jose, Jalabert, Laurent, Matsunaga, Yukiko, Bancaud, Aurélien, Laboratory for Integrated Micro Mechatronics Systems (LIMMS), The University of Tokyo (UTokyo)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Équipe Micro-Nanofluidique pour les sciences de la vie et de l’environnement (LAAS-MILE), Laboratoire d'analyse et d'architecture des systèmes (LAAS), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT), Institute of Industrial Science (IIS), and The University of Tokyo (UTokyo)
Subjects: [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-BIO-PH] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Biological Physics [physics.bio-ph], [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-BIO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Biological Physics [physics.bio-ph]
Abstract: International audience; The Starling principle has been invoked during a century to describe the balance between interstitial flows as pressure and osmotic flows. More recently, our understanding of the lymphatic system has dramatically changed our view on interstitial flows as a balance between (i) blood pressure permeation and (ii) lymphatic drainage. The extracellular matrix (ECM) acts as a microfluidic network that controls the amplitude of interstitial flows. Deregulation of this homeostasis is tightly coupled to a broad range of basic biological mechanisms, including diferenciation, proliferation and migration. In this context, microphysiological systems stand out as dedicated platforms to study the regulation of interstitial flows by the ECM. So far, however, control and measurement of these minute flows has remained an unmet challenge. In this work, we present a technology to directly induce and measure flow rates in commonly used ECM. Its working principle consists of an hydrodynamic actuation system to control pressure in amicrochannel embedded into an ECM. Instead of using a flow meter to monitor the resulting flow, we enclose the device with an air cavity, which is compressed or expanded due to the interstitial fluid volume exchanges. A MEMS-based pressure sensor enables the direct determination of the cavity pressure and hence of the intertitial fluid flow rate. We then demonstrate how stromal cells (eg. fibroblast) modulate hydrodynamic and mechanical properties of the ECM. Our results are supported by an original poroelastic model of the ECM. Altogether, our unique tool provides novel insights on intersitial flows and their regulation by cells.
Published: 2020

25. Global Climate [in 'State of the Climate in 2019']

Author: Dunn, Robert J. H., Stanitski, Diane M., Gobron, Nadine, Willett, Kate M., Ades, M., Adler, R., Allan, R. P., Anderson, J., Argüez, Anthony, Arosio, C., Augustine, J. A., Azorin-Molina, C., Barichivich, J., Barnes, J., Beck, H. E., Becker, Andreas, Bellouin, Nicolas, Benedetti, Angela, Berry, David I., Blenkinsop, Stephen, Bock, Olivier, Bosilovich, Michael G., Boucher, Olivier, Buehler, S. A., Carrea, Laura, Christiansen, Hanne H., Chouza, F., Christy, John R., Chung, E.-S., Coldewey-Egbers, Melanie, Compo, Gil P., Cooper, Owen R., Covey, Curt, Crotwell, A., Davis, Sean M., Eyto, Elvira De, de Jeu, Richard A. M., Degasperi, Curtis L., Degenstein, Doug, Di Girolamo, Larry, Dokulil, Martin T., Donat, Markus G., Dorigo, Wouter A., Durre, Imke, Dutton, Geoff S., Duveiller, G., Elkins, James W., Fioletov, Vitali E., Flemming, Johannes, Foster, Michael J., Frey, Richard A., Frith, Stacey M., Froidevaux, Lucien, Garforth, J., Gupta, S. K., Haimberger, Leopold, Hall, Brad D., Harris, Ian, Heidinger, Andrew K., Hemming, D. L., Ho, Shu-Peng (ben), Hubert, Daan, Hurst, Dale F., Hüser, I., Inness, Antje, Isaksen, K., John, Viju, Jones, Philip D., Kaiser, J. W., Kelly, S., Khaykin, Sergey, Kidd, R., Kim, Hyungiun, Kipling, Z., Kraemer, B. M., Kratz, D. P., Fuente, R. S. La, Lan, Xin, Lantz, Kathleen O., Leblanc, Thierry, Li, Bailing, Loeb, Norman G., Long, Craig S., Loyola, Diego, Marszelewski, Wlodzimierz, Martens, B., May, Linda, Mayer, Michael, Mccabe, M. F., Mcvicar, Tim R., Mears, Carl A., Menzel, W. Paul, Merchant, Christopher J., Miller, Ben R., Miralles, Diego G., Montzka, Stephen A., Morice, Colin, Mühle, Jens, Myneni, R., Nicolas, Julien P., Noetzli, Jeannette, Osborn, Tim J., Park, T., Pasik, A., Paterson, Andrew M., Pelto, Mauri S., Perkins-Kirkpatrick, S., Petron, G., Phillips, C., Pinty, Bernard, Po-Chedley, S., Polvani, L., Preimesberger, W., Pulkkanen, M., Randel, W. J., Remy, Samuel, Ricciardulli, L., Richardson, A. D., Rieger, L., Robinson, David A., Rodell, Matthew, Rosenlof, Karen H., Roth, Chris, Rozanov, A., Rusak, James A., Rusanovskaya, O., Rutishäuser, T., Sánchez-Lugo, Ahira, Sawaengphokhai, P., Scanlon, T., Schenzinger, Verena, Schladow, S. Geoffey, Schlegel, R. W, Schmid, Martin, Selkirk, H. B., Sharma, S., Shi, Lei, Shimaraeva, S. V., Silow, E. A., Simmons, Adrian J., Smith, C. A., Smith, Sharon L, Soden, B. J., Sofieva, Viktoria, Sparks, T. H., Jr., Paul W. Stackhouse, Steinbrecht, Wolfgang, Streletskiy, Dimitri A., Taha, G., Telg, Hagen, Thackeray, S. J., Timofeyev, M. A., Tourpali, Kleareti, Tye, Mari R., A, Ronald J. van Der, van Der Schalie, Robin, van Der Schrier, Gerard, van Der Werf, Guido R., Verburg, Piet, Vernier, Jean-Paul, Vömel, Holger, Vose, Russell S., Wang, Ray, Watanabe, Shohei G., Weber, Mark, Weyhenmeyer, Gesa A., Wiese, David, Wilber, Anne C., Wild, Jeanette D., Wong, Takmeng, Woolway, R. Iestyn, Yin, Xungang, Zhao, Lin, Zhao, Guanguo, Zhou, Xinjia, Ziemke, Jerry R., Ziese, Markus, Met Office Hadley Centre for Climate Change (MOHC), United Kingdom Met Office [Exeter], NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), European Commission - Joint Research Centre [Ispra] (JRC), European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), University of Maryland [College Park], University of Maryland System, University of Reading (UOR), Department of Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences [Hampton] (APS), Hampton University, NOAA National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service (NESDIS), Universität Bremen, Centro de Investigaciones sobre Desertificacion (CIDE), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso (PUCV), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering [Princeton], Princeton University, Deutscher Wetterdienst [Offenbach] (DWD), Department of Meteorology [Reading], National Oceanography Centre [Southampton] (NOC), University of Southampton, Newcastle University [Newcastle], Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-IPG PARIS-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), École nationale des sciences géographiques (ENSG), Institut National de l'Information Géographique et Forestière [IGN] (IGN)-Université Gustave Eiffel, Global Modeling and Assimilation Office (GMAO), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Sorbonne Université (SU), Universität Hamburg (UHH), The University Centre in Svalbard (UNIS), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), California Institute of Technology (CALTECH)-NASA, University of Alabama in Huntsville (UAH), IBS Center for Climate Physics, Pusan National University, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt [Oberpfaffenhofen-Wessling] (DLR), Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado [Boulder]-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Marine Institute [Ireland], VanderSat B.V., King County Water and Land Resources Division, Institute of Space and Atmospheric Studies [Saskatoon] (ISAS), Department of Physics and Engineering Physics [Saskatoon], University of Saskatchewan [Saskatoon] (U of S)-University of Saskatchewan [Saskatoon] (U of S), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign [Urbana], University of Illinois System, University of Innsbruck, Barcelona Supercomputing Center - Centro Nacional de Supercomputacion (BSC - CNS), Department of Geodesy and Geoinformation [Wien], Vienna University of Technology (TU Wien), Environment and Climate Change Canada, Cooperative Institute for Meteorological Satellite Studies (CIMSS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-University of Wisconsin-Madison-NASA, Science Systems and Applications, Inc. [Lanham] (SSAI), Woodland Trust, Science Systems and Applications, Inc. [Hampton] (SSAI), Department of Meteorology and Geophysics [Vienna], Universität Wien, School of Environmental Sciences [Norwich], University of East Anglia [Norwich] (UEA), Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy / Institut d'Aéronomie Spatiale de Belgique (BIRA-IASB), ESRL Global Monitoring Laboratory [Boulder] (GML), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Norwegian Meteorological Institute [Oslo] (MET), European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT), Dundalk Institute of Technology (DkIT), TROPO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Earth Observation Data Centre GmbH (EODC), Institute of Industrial Science (IIS), The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), Leibniz-Institut für Gewässerökologie und Binnenfischerei (IGB), Leibniz Association, NASA Langley Research Center [Hampton] (LaRC), GSFC Hydrological Sciences Laboratory, Earth Science System Interdisciplinary Center [College Park] (ESSIC), College of Computer, Mathematical, and Natural Sciences [College Park], University of Maryland System-University of Maryland System-University of Maryland [College Park], University of Maryland System-University of Maryland System, NOAA National Weather Service (NWS), DLR Institut für Methodik der Fernerkundung / DLR Remote Sensing Technology Institute (IMF), Department of Hydrology and Water Resources Management, Nicolaus Copernicus University [Toruń], Hydro-Climate Extremes Laboratory (H-CEL), Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Centre for Ecology and Hydrology [Edinburgh] (CEH), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), CSIRO Land and Water, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] (CSIRO), Remote Sensing Systems [Santa Rosa] (RSS), Space Science and Engineering Center [Madison] (SSEC), University of Wisconsin-Madison, NERC National Centre for Earth Observation (NCEO), Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO), University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), University of California-University of California, Department of Environmental, Earth and Ocean Sciences [Boston] (EEOS), University of Massachusetts [Boston] (UMass Boston), University of Massachusetts System (UMASS)-University of Massachusetts System (UMASS), Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, NASA Ames Research Center (ARC), Dorset Environmental Science Centre, Ontario Ministry of the Environment and Climate Change, Nichols College Dudley, University of New South Wales [Sydney] (UNSW), Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences [Madison], Columbia University [New York], Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), National Center for Atmospheric Research [Boulder] (NCAR), Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), School of Informatics, Computing, and Cyber Systems (SICCS), Northern Arizona University [Flagstaff], Center for Ecosystem Science and Society (ECOSS), University of Saskatchewan [Saskatoon] (U of S), Department of Geography [Piscataway], Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey [New Brunswick] (RU), Rutgers University System (Rutgers)-Rutgers University System (Rutgers), Irkutsk State University (ISU), Institute of Geography [Bern], University of Bern, UC Davis Tahoe Environmental Research Center, University of California [Davis] (UC Davis), Department of Physical Oceanography [Woods Hole], Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI), Swiss Federal Insitute of Aquatic Science and Technology [Dübendorf] (EAWAG), York University [Toronto], Geological Survey of Canada [Ottawa] (GSC Central & Northern Canada), Geological Survey of Canada - Office (GSC), Natural Resources Canada (NRCan)-Natural Resources Canada (NRCan), Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science (RSMAS), University of Miami [Coral Gables], Poznan University of Life Sciences (Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy w Poznaniu) (PULS), Meteorologisches Observatorium Hohenpeißenberg (MOHp), Department of Geography [Washington], The George Washington University (GW), Goddard Earth Sciences and Technology and Research (GESTAR), Universities Space Research Association (USRA)-NASA, Centre for Ecology and Hydrology [Lancaster] (CEH), Laboratory of Atmospheric Physics [Thessaloniki], Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Capacity Center for Climate and Weather Extremes (C3WE), Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (VU), National Institute of Water and Atmosphere [Hamilton] (NIWA), Earth Observing Laboratory [Boulder] (EOL), National Center for Atmospheric Research [Boulder] (NCAR)-University Corporation for Atmospheric Research (UCAR), School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences [Atlanta], Georgia Institute of Technology [Atlanta], Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology (NUIST), Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP (UMR_7154)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPG Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Leopold Franzens Universität Innsbruck - University of Innsbruck, University of Wisconsin-Madison-NASA-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universiteit Gent = Ghent University (UGENT), Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO - UC San Diego), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), and NASA-Universities Space Research Association (USRA)
Subjects: [SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology
Abstract: International audience; Global Climate is one chapter from the State of the Climate in 2019 annual report and is avail- able from https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-20-0104.1 Compiled by NOAA’s National Centers for Environmental Information, State of the Climate in 2019 is based on contributions from scien- tists from around the world. It provides a detailed update on global climate indicators, notable weather events, and other data collected by environmental monitoring stations and instru- ments located on land, water, ice, and in space.The full report is available from https://doi.org/10.1175/2020BAMSStateoftheClimate.1.
Published: 2020

26. Bioelectrical Signal Analysis of Mouse Cardiomyocyte Culture recorded on Thin-Film-Transistor Sensor Arrays

Author: Junichi Sugita, Hiroshi Toshiyoshi, Agnes Tixier-Mita, Katsuhito Fujiu, Anne-Claire Eiler, Timothée Levi, Satoshi Ihida, Institute of Industrial Science (IIS), The University of Tokyo, Laboratory for Integrated Micro Mechatronics Systems (LIMMS), The University of Tokyo-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de l'intégration, du matériau au système (IMS), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), and Levi, Timothée
Subjects: Cardiomyocytes, Signal processing, Materials science, [SPI] Engineering Sciences [physics], Electrical potentials, Cardiac muscle, General Medicine, Thin-Film-Transistor Arrays, Bioelectrical Signal Processing, Electrophysiology, Microelectrode, Signaling network, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], medicine.anatomical_structure, Thin-film transistor, medicine, Biomedical engineering
Abstract: International audience; The dynamical property of the heart bioelectrical system is closely associated with cardiac diseases. There is thus a growing interest in the development of system analysis for studying the cardiac signaling network. In this article, the electrical potentials of cardiac muscle cells have been measured on an array of microelectrodes using the Thin-Film-Transistor (TFT) technology, and electrophysiological data were analyzed. This study shows the possibility of obtaining and accurately analyzing extracellular signals measured on TFT arrays.
Published: 2020

27. A Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-Dependent Sprouting Angiogenesis Assay Based on an In Vitro Human Blood Vessel Model for the Study of Anti-Angiogenic Drugs

Author: Pauty, Joris, Usuba, Ryo, Cheng, Irene Gayi, Hespel, Louise, Takahashi, Haruko, Kato, Keisuke, Kobayashi, Masayoshi, Nakajima, Hiroyuki, Lee, Eujin, Yger, Florian, Soncin, Fabrice, Matsunaga, Yukiko, Laboratory for Integrated Micro Mechatronics Systems (LIMMS), The University of Tokyo (UTokyo)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Center for International Research on Integrative Biomedical Systems [University of Tokyo] (CIBiS), Institute of Industrial Science (IIS), The University of Tokyo (UTokyo)-The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), Clemson University, Département de Chimie - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Processus d'Activation Sélective par Transfert d'Energie Uni-électronique ou Radiatif (UMR 8640) (PASTEUR), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), SCREEN Holdings Co., Ltd. [Kyoto, Japan] (SHC), National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center [Osaka, Japon] (N3C - Suita), Osaka University [Osaka], Laboratoire d'analyse et modélisation de systèmes pour l'aide à la décision (LAMSADE), Université Paris Dauphine-PSL, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de biologie de Lille - IBL (IBLI), Université de Lille, Sciences et Technologies-Institut Pasteur de Lille, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Université de Lille, Droit et Santé-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Mécanismes de la Tumorigénèse et Thérapies Ciblées - UMR 8161 (M3T), Institut Pasteur de Lille, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), Administrateur, Paris Dauphine-PSL, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), National cerebral and cardiovascular center research institute, and Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lille, Droit et Santé
Subjects: Niacinamide, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A, Indoles, Notch, Human umbilical vein endothelial cell, Angiogenesis inhibitors, Neovascularization, Physiologic, lcsh:Medicine, [INFO] Computer Science [cs], DLL4, In vitro 3D model, Models, Biological, Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells, Sunitinib, Humans, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], Pyrroles, Microvessel, lcsh:R5-920, Phenylurea Compounds, lcsh:R, Sorafenib, Sprouting angiogenesis, Gene Knockdown Techniques, Microvessels, Blood Vessels, Biological Assay, Vascular endothelial growth factor, Corrigendum, lcsh:Medicine (General), Tomography, Optical Coherence, Signal Transduction
Abstract: International audience; Angiogenesis is the formation of new capillaries from pre-existing blood vessels and participates in proper vasculature development. In pathological conditions such as cancer, abnormal angiogenesis takes place. Angiogenesis is primarily carried out by endothelial cells, the innermost layer of blood vessels. The vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) and its receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) trigger most of the mechanisms activating and regulating angiogenesis, and have been the targets for the development of drugs. However, most experimental assays assessing angiogenesis rely on animal models. We report an in vitro model using a microvessel-on-a-chip. It mimics an effective endothelial sprouting angiogenesis event triggered from an initial microvessel using a single angiogenic factor, VEGF-A. The angiogenic sprouting in this model is depends on the Notch signaling, as observed in vivo. This model enables the study of anti-angiogenic drugs which target a specific factor/receptor pathway, as demonstrated by the use of the clinically approved sorafenib and sunitinib for targeting the VEGF-A/VEGFR-2 pathway. Furthermore, this model allows testing simultaneously angiogenesis and permeability. It demonstrates that sorafenib impairs the endothelial barrier function, while sunitinib does not. Such in vitro human model provides a significant complimentary approach to animal models for the development of effective therapies.
Published: 2018

28. Spike pattern recognition using artificial neuron and spike-timing-dependent plasticity implemented on a multi-core embedded platform

Author: Filippo Grassia, Timothée Levi, Takashi Kohno, E. Doukkali, Laboratoire de l'intégration, du matériau au système (IMS), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des technologies innovantes (LTI), Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-IUT d'Amiens, Institute of Industrial Science (IIS), The University of Tokyo, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1, Laboratoire des technologies innovantes - UR UPJV 3899 (LTI), Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV), and The University of Tokyo (UTokyo)
Subjects: Computer science, 02 engineering and technology, Spike-timing-dependent plasticity, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], 03 medical and health sciences, Computer Science::Emerging Technologies, 020210 optoelectronics & photonics, 0302 clinical medicine, Artificial Intelligence, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Artificial neuron, ComputerSystemsOrganization_SPECIAL-PURPOSEANDAPPLICATION-BASEDSYSTEMS, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Spiking neural network, Multi-core processor, Quantitative Biology::Neurons and Cognition, business.industry, pattern recognition, Robotics, Pattern recognition, Neuromorphic engineering, spiking neural networks, Pattern recognition (psychology), [SDV.IB]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering, Spike (software development), Artificial intelligence, neuromorphic engineering, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: International audience; The objective of this work is to use a multi-core embedded platform as computing architectures for neural applications relevant to neuromorphic engineering: e.g. robotics, artificial and spiking neural networks. Recently it has been shown how spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP) can play a key role in pattern recognition. In particular multiple repeating arbitrary spatiotemporal spike patterns hidden in spike trains can be robustly detected and learned by multiple neurons equipped with spike-timing-dependent plasticity listening to the incoming spike trains. This paper presents an implementation on a biological time scale of STDP algorithm to localize a repeating spatio-temporal spike patterns on a multi-core embedded platform.
Published: 2017

29. Thermal conductivity minimum of graded superlattices due to phonon localization

Author: Yangyu Guo, Kazuhiko Hirakawa, Shiyun Xiong, Masahiro Nomura, Marc Bescond, Sebastian Volz, Zhongwei Zhang, The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), Laboratory for Integrated Micro Mechatronics Systems (LIMMS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), Laboratoire matériaux et microélectronique de Provence (L2MP), Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille 3-Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Tongji University, The University of Tokyo (UTokyo)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institute of Industrial Science (IIS)
Subjects: Work (thermodynamics), Anderson localization, Materials science, Phonon, QC1-999, Superlattice, FOS: Physical sciences, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Condensed Matter::Materials Science, Thermal conductivity, Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), 0103 physical sciences, General Materials Science, [SPI.NANO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics, Exponential decay, 010306 general physics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Number density, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Condensed matter physics, Physics, General Engineering, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Thermal conduction, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], [PHYS.MECA.THER]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Thermics [physics.class-ph], 0210 nano-technology, TP248.13-248.65, Biotechnology
Abstract: International audience; Anderson localization of thermal phonons has been shown only in few nanostructures with strong random disorder by the exponential decay of transmission to zero and a thermal conductivity maximum when increasing the system length. In this work, we present a path to demonstrate the phonon localization with distinctive features in graded superlattices with short-range order and long-range disorder. A thermal conductivity minimum with system length appears due to the exponential decay of transmission to a non-zero constant, which is a feature of partial phonon localization caused by the moderate disorder. We provide clear evidence of localization through the combined analysis of the participation ratio, transmission, and real-space phonon number density distribution based on our quantum transport simulation. The present work would promote heat conduction engineering by localization via the wave nature of phonons.
Published: 2021

30. Biomimetic neural network for modifying biological dynamics during hybrid experiments

Author: Antoine Pirog, Stefano Buccelli, Michela Chiappalone, Filippo Grassia, Yannick Bornat, Timothée Levi, Matthieu Ambroise, Laboratoire de l'intégration, du matériau au système (IMS), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Italian Institute of Technology (IIT), Institute of Industrial Science (IIS), The University of Tokyo, and The University of Tokyo (UTokyo)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Physical neural network, Artificial neural network, Neuroprosthetics, business.industry, Computer science, Central pattern generator, bio-hybrid experiments, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, 03 medical and health sciences, 030104 developmental biology, 0302 clinical medicine, Neuromorphic engineering, Artificial Intelligence, CPG, Biological neural network, [SDV.IB]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering, Artificial intelligence, neuromorphic engineering, biological neural network, business, artificial neural network, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: International audience; Electrical stimulation of nerve tissue and recording of neural electrical activity are the basis of emerging prostheses and treatments for many neurological disorders. Here we present closed-loop biohybrid experiment using in vitro Biological Neuronal Network (BNN) with an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) implemented in a neuromorphic board. We adopted a neuromorphic board which is able to perform real-time event detection and trigger an electrical stimulation of the BNN. This system embeds an ANN, based on Izhikevich neurons which can be put in uni-and bi-directional communication with the BNN. The ANN used in the following experiments was made up of 20 excitatory neurons with inhibition synapse and with synaptic plasticity to design Central Pattern Generator (CPG). Open-loop and closed-loop hybrid experiments shows that the biological dynamics can be modified. This work can be seen as the first step towards the realization of an innovative neuroprosthesis.
Published: 2017

31. Synchronous Approach for Modeling Spiking Neurons

Author: Marino Rasamuel, Benoit Miramond, Daniel Gaffé, Timothée Levi, Laboratoire d'Electronique, Antennes et Télécommunications (LEAT), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Laboratoire de l'intégration, du matériau au système (IMS), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Industrial Science (IIS), The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), IEEE, ANR-15-IDEX-0001,UCA JEDI,Idex UCA JEDI(2015), ANR-17-EURE-0004,UCA DS4H,UCA Systèmes Numériques pour l'Homme(2017), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), The University of Tokyo, and Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: synchronous modelling, [INFO.INFO-AR]Computer Science [cs]/Hardware Architecture [cs.AR], Computer science, spiking neurons, Biological system modeling, 020207 software engineering, Computational modeling, 02 engineering and technology, [INFO.INFO-NE]Computer Science [cs]/Neural and Evolutionary Computing [cs.NE], Hardware synthesis, Hardware, Mathematical model, Computer architecture, Biological information theory, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Code (cryptography), hardware synthesis, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, [INFO.INFO-BI]Computer Science [cs]/Bioinformatics [q-bio.QM], Field-programmable gate array, Implementation, Neuromorphic circuits, FPGA
Abstract: International audience; In this paper, we present the synchronous approach as a new method for modeling neural architectures. The synchronous approach is initially used to design controllers for reactive real-time systems, and we explain how it fits well to our objective to design bio-inspired neuromorphic circuits for biohybrid experiments. We describe synchronous implementations of some neural models and validate our approach with the Brian simulator. We also compare the synchronous hardware code generated to a standard manually optimised code. And finally we discuss the next steps of our work.
Published: 2019

32. Analysis of the transcription factors and their regulatory roles during a step-by-step differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells into hepatocyte-like cells

Author: Bertrand-David Segard, Sachi Kato, Atsushi Miyajima, Marie Shinohara, Charles Plessy, Taketomo Kido, Mathieu Danoy, Stéphane Poulain, Myriam Lereau-Bernier, Eric Leclerc, Yannick Tauran, Yasuyuki Sakai, Laboratory for Integrated Micro Mechatronics Systems (LIMMS), The University of Tokyo (UTokyo)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des Multimatériaux et Interfaces (LMI), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies (RIKEN CLST), RIKEN - Institute of Physical and Chemical Research [Japon] (RIKEN), RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences [Yokohama] (RIKEN IMS), Center for International Research on Integrative Biomedical Systems [University of Tokyo] (CIBiS), Institute of Industrial Science (IIS), The University of Tokyo (UTokyo)-The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), Laboratory of Stem Cell Therapy Center for Experimental Medicine, and The University of Tokyo (UTokyo)-Institute of Medical Sciences
Subjects: [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells, Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Biochemistry, Models, Biological, Transcriptome, Extracellular matrix, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Genetics, Humans, Gene Regulatory Networks, RNA, Messenger, Induced pluripotent stem cell, Molecular Biology, Transcription factor, Cells, Cultured, 030304 developmental biology, Regulation of gene expression, 0303 health sciences, Chemistry, Wnt signaling pathway, Computational Biology, Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental, Promoter, Cell Differentiation, Cell cycle, Immunohistochemistry, Cell biology, Gene Ontology, Organ Specificity, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Hepatocytes, Biomarkers, Transcription Factors
Abstract: International audience; We investigated the human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) during a sequential in vitro step-by-step differentiation into hepatocyte-like cells (HLCs) using nanoCAGE, a method for promoters, transcription factors, and transcriptome analysis. Specific gene clusters reflected the different steps of the hepatic differentiation. The proliferation step was characterized by a typical cell cycle and DNA replication. The hepatic endoderm and the HLC steps were marked by a common signature including cell interactions with extracellular matrix (ECM), lipoproteins and hepatic biomarkers (such as albumin and alpha-fetoprotein). The specific HLC profile was characterized by important transcription factors such as HIF1A, JUN, MAF, KLF6, BMP4 and with a larger expression of genes related to Wnt signaling, extracellular matrix, lipid metabolism, urea cycle, drugs, and solute transporters. HLC profile was also characterized by the activation of upstream regulators such as HNF1A, MEIS2, NFIX, WRNIP1, SP4, TAL1. Their regulatory networks highlighted HNF4a as a bridge and linked them to important processes such as EMT–MET transitions, ECM remodeling and liver development pathways (HNF3, PPARA signaling, iron metabolism) along the different steps of differentiation.
Published: 2019

33. NEURONAL CULTURE AT SINGLE CELL LEVEL FOR CREATION OF BIOLOGICAL NEURONAL NETWORK

Author: Nishikawa, S. M., Kim, S. H., Yoshiho Ikeuchi, Levi, T., Fujii, T., Institute of Industrial Science (IIS), The University of Tokyo, Laboratoire de l'intégration, du matériau au système (IMS), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratory for Integrated Micro Mechatronics Systems (LIMMS), The University of Tokyo-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), and Levi, Timothée
Subjects: [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], [SPI] Engineering Sciences [physics]
Abstract: International audience; To understand the electrophysiological dynamics of neurons, the use of micro-electrode array (MEA) is common because it is non-invasive and it allows long-term monitoring. However, as the culture are randomly arranged on fixated electrodes, it is not capable of recording electrophysiology at single cell level. Here, we present a fully transparent neuronal culture device capable of monitoring cells growth or activity at single scale level. To trap cells singularly, dielectrophoresis is used on a ITO glass coated with fluoropolymer component called CYTOP® to manipulate cells.
Published: 2019

34. Transcriptomic Analysis of Breast Cancer Stem Cells and Development of a pALDH1A1:mNeptune Reporter System for Live Tracking

Author: Violaine Forissier, Marie Winter, Karine Hannebicque, Xuefen Le Bourhis, Samuel Meignan, Amélie Bonnefond, Christophe Ginestier, Mehdi Derhourhi, Ihsan Y El-Sayed, Emmanuelle Charafe-Jauffret, Marie Denoulet, Manon Macario, François Anquez, Sylvain Julien, Nadège Bidan, Justine Bailleul-Dubois, Chann Lagadec, Yukiko T. Matsunaga, Jérémy Duval, Plasticité Cellulaire et Cancer - U908 (CPAC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut pour la recherche sur le cancer de Lille [Lille] (IRCL), Centre Régional de Lutte contre le Cancer Oscar Lambret [Lille] (UNICANCER/Lille), Université Lille Nord de France (COMUE)-UNICANCER, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Fédération nationale des Centres de lutte contre le Cancer (FNCLCC)-Fédération nationale des Centres de lutte contre le Cancer (FNCLCC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Center for International Research on Integrative Biomedical Systems [University of Tokyo] (CIBiS), Institute of Industrial Science (IIS), The University of Tokyo (UTokyo)-The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), Laboratory for Integrated Micro Mechatronics Systems (LIMMS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), Université de Lille, Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers, Atomes et Molécules - UMR 8523 (PhLAM), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Metabolic functional (epi)genomics and molecular mechanisms involved in type 2 diabetes and related diseases - UMR 8199 - UMR 1283 (GI3M), Institut Pasteur de Lille, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Lille Nord de France (COMUE), J.B.D. was supported by a grant fellowship from the ARC and IRCL charities. The authors thank the UMR 8199 LIGAN‐PM Genomics platform (Lille, France), which belongs to the 'Federation de Recherche' 3508 Labex EGID (European Genomics Institute for Diabetes, ANR‐10‐LABX‐46) and was supported by the ANR Equipex 2010 session (ANR‐10‐EQPX‐07‐01, 'LIGAN‐PM'). The LIGAN‐PM Genomics platform (Lille, France) is also supported by the FEDER and the Region Hauts de France. This work was supported by the INCa (French Cancer National Institute), Grant number ARC_INCa_LNCC_8068, by Ligue contre le Cancer—Septentrion comittee, by the SIRIC ONCOLille, by 'Cancer du sein—Parlons‐en!' charity 'Pink Ruban' award, and by GEFLUC charity, The authors thank the Flow Cytometry Core facility of the Bio Imaging Center of Lille (BICeL), which is a shared resource of INSERM/CHRU of Lille, and particularly Nathalie Jouy and Emilie Floquet for their help with the FACS experiments., Plasticité Cellulaire et Cancer (CPAC) - U908 (CPAC), Center Oscar Lambret, CRLCC Oscar Lambret, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Fédération nationale des Centres de lutte contre le Cancer (FNCLCC)-Fédération nationale des Centres de lutte contre le Cancer (FNCLCC)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), The University of Tokyo-The University of Tokyo, The University of Tokyo-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Génomique Intégrative et Modélisation des Maladies Métaboliques (EGID), Université de Lille-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut Pasteur de Lille, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), Université de Lille-UNICANCER, The University of Tokyo (UTokyo)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Metabolic functional (epi)genomics and molecular mechanisms involved in type 2 diabetes and related diseases - UMR 8199 - UMR 1283 (EGENODIA (GI3M))
Subjects: Gene isoform, cancer stem cells, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Antineoplastic Agents, Breast Neoplasms, [SDV.CAN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, Mice, SCID, Biochemistry, Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 1 Family, Transcriptome, fluorescent reporter systems, 03 medical and health sciences, Breast cancer, breast cancer, Genes, Reporter, Mice, Inbred NOD, Cancer stem cell, Cell Line, Tumor, Gene expression, Biomarkers, Tumor, Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells, medicine, Animals, Humans, Promoter Regions, Genetic, Molecular Biology, ALDH1A1, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, biology, Genome, Human, Gene Expression Profiling, 030302 biochemistry & molecular biology, Reproducibility of Results, Retinal Dehydrogenase, Cellular Reprogramming, medicine.disease, Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic, Cell Tracking, Neoplastic Stem Cells, biology.protein, Cancer research, Female, Stem cell, Reprogramming, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology
Abstract: International audience; Many solid cancers are hierarchically organized with a small number of cancer stem cells (CSCs) able to regrow a tumor, while their progeny lacks this feature. Breast CSC is known to contribute to therapy resistance. The study of those cells is usually based on their cell-surface markers like CD44high /CD24low/neg or their aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity. However, these markers cannot be used to track the dynamics of CSC. Here, a transcriptomic analysis is performed to identify segregating gene expression in CSCs and non-CSCs, sorted by Aldefluor assay. It is observed that among ALDH-associated genes, only ALDH1A1 isoform is increased in CSCs. A CSC reporter system is then developed by using a far red-fluorescent protein (mNeptune) under the control of ALDH1A1 promoter. mNeptune-positive cells exhibit higher sphere-forming capacity, tumor formation, and increased resistance to anticancer therapies. These results indicate that the reporter identifies cells with stemness characteristics. Moreover, live tracking of cells in a microfluidic system reveals a higher extravasation potential of CSCs. Live tracking of non-CSCs under irradiation treatment show, for the first time, live reprogramming of non-CSCs into CSCs. Therefore, the reporter will allow for cell tracking to better understand the implication of CSCs in breast cancer development and recurrence.
Published: 2019

35. Integration of metabolomic and transcriptomic profiling to compare two protocols of differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells into hepatocytes

Author: Stéphane Poulain, Yasuyuki Sakai, Charles Plessy, Eric Leclerc, Françoise Gilard, Sachi Kato, Myriam Lereau Bernier, Taketomo Kido, Yannick Tauran, Mathieu Danoy, Bertrand-David Segard, Atsushi Miyajima, Rachid Jellali, Biomécanique et Bioingénierie (BMBI), Université de Technologie de Compiègne (UTC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies (RIKEN CLST), RIKEN - Institute of Physical and Chemical Research [Japon] (RIKEN), Laboratory for Integrated Micro Mechatronics Systems (LIMMS), The University of Tokyo (UTokyo)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Sciences des Plantes de Paris-Saclay (IPS2 (UMR_9213 / UMR_1403)), Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire des Multimatériaux et Interfaces (LMI), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), Center for International Research on Integrative Biomedical Systems [University of Tokyo] (CIBiS), Institute of Industrial Science (IIS), The University of Tokyo (UTokyo)-The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), ANR-16-RHUS-0005,iLite,iLite(2016), and Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Bioengineering, Metabolomic, Oxidative phosphorylation, Biology, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Biochemistry, Transcriptome, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Metabolomics, Biochemistry Manuscript category Cell Culture Technology, Extracellular, Molecular Biology, 030304 developmental biology, NanoCAGE, 0303 health sciences, Messenger RNA, CYP3A4, In vitro, Cell biology, Induced pluripotent stem cells, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Lipogenesis, Hepatocyte-like cells, induced pluripotent stem cells Taxonomy Metabolome Analysis, hepatocytes like cells
Abstract: International audience; Human hepatocyte-like cells derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) may provide an unlimited supply of cells for in vitro liver models. However, hiPSC differentiation remains a major challenge due to immaturity of the hepatocytes obtained and the high cost of differentiation protocols currently proposed. Here, we studied the efficacy of new protocol, with reduction of growth factors, for the generation of hepatocyte-like cells from hiPSC. We performed metabolomic and mRNA analysis by RTqPCR and nanoCAGE processing to identify and understand key metabolisms during differentiation. By reducing the change frequency of the culture medium in the new protocol, we successfully generated hepatocyte-like cells producing albumin, urea, and CYP3A4 positive. The metabolomic analysis successfully extracted both signatures, common and specific, for each differentiation step. Integrating the metabolomic data with transcriptomic contributed to explaining the kinetics of carbohydrate, lipid and nitrogen metabolism throughout differentiation. The information extracted during differentiation showed that the cells moved from an aerobic-like respiration pattern to a mitochondrial oxidative respiration pattern in both protocols. Reducing culture medium renewal led to reduced glucose consumption, followed by fructose production and significant extracellular lipogenesis throughout differentiation. We believe that the overall dataset can provide information on the sequence of process.
Published: 2019

36. 2D Dielectrophoresis using an active matrix array made by thin‐film‐transistor technology

Author: Pierre-Marie Faure, Anne-Claire Eiler, Hiroshi Toshiyoshi, Satoshi Ihida, Grant A. Cathcart, Yasuyuki Sakai, Marie Shinohara, Timothée Levi, Agnes Tixier-Mita, Damien Blanchard, Takashi Kohno, Institute of Industrial Science (IIS), The University of Tokyo, Laboratory for Integrated Micro Mechatronics Systems (LIMMS), The University of Tokyo-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de l'intégration, du matériau au système (IMS), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-The University of Tokyo (UTokyo)
Subjects: 0303 health sciences, Materials science, business.industry, 02 engineering and technology, Dielectrophoresis, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Active matrix, law.invention, 03 medical and health sciences, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Thin-film transistor, law, Optoelectronics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 0210 nano-technology, business, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 030304 developmental biology
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2019

37. Direct link between mechanical stability in gels and percolation of isostatic particles

Author: Hajime Tanaka, Mathieu Leocmach, John Russo, Hideyo Tsurusawa, Institute of Industrial Science (IIS), The University of Tokyo, Institut Lumière Matière [Villeurbanne] (ILM), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), School of Mathematics [Bristol], University of Bristol [Bristol], ANR-17-CE08-0026,GelBreak,Micromécanique de la rupture des gels(2017), and The University of Tokyo (UTokyo)
Subjects: Work (thermodynamics), endocrine system, Mechanical equilibrium, Materials science, Materials Science, colloidal gelation, percolation, confocal experiments, 02 engineering and technology, colloidal gelation, 01 natural sciences, complex mixtures, law.invention, Physics::Geophysics, Quantitative Biology::Subcellular Processes, Colloid, percolation, Rheology, law, Metastability, 0103 physical sciences, Mathematics::Metric Geometry, 010306 general physics, Research Articles, Multidisciplinary, Physics, Isotropy, digestive, oral, and skin physiology, SciAdv r-articles, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, body regions, Condensed Matter::Soft Condensed Matter, Chemical physics, Percolation, Condensed Matter::Statistical Mechanics, 0210 nano-technology, Glass transition, confocal experiments, [PHYS.COND.CM-SCM]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Soft Condensed Matter [cond-mat.soft], Research Article
Abstract: Mechanical stability of colloidal gels emerges from the isotropic percolation of locally rigid isostatic structures., Colloidal gels have unique mechanical and transport properties that stem from their bicontinuous nature, in which a colloidal network is intertwined with a viscous solvent, and have found numerous applications in foods, cosmetics, and construction materials and for medical applications, such as cartilage replacements. So far, our understanding of the process of colloidal gelation is limited to long-time dynamical effects, where gelation is viewed as a phase separation process interrupted by the glass transition. However, this purely out-of-equilibrium thermodynamic picture does not address the emergence of mechanical stability. With confocal microscopy experiments, we reveal that mechanical metastability is reached only after isotropic percolation of locally isostatic environments, establishing a direct link between the load-bearing ability of gels and the isostaticity condition. Our work suggests an operative description of gels based on mechanical equilibrium and isostaticity, providing the physical basis for the stability and rheology of these materials.
Published: 2019

38. Biomimetic Spiking Neural Network (SNN) Systems for ‘In Vitro’ Cells Stimulation

Author: Sylvain Saïghi, Farad Khoyratee, Teruo Fujii, Kazuyuki Aihara, Stephany Mai Nishikawa, Luo Zhongyue, Timothée Levi, Yoshiho Ikeuchi, Soo Hyeon Kim, Laboratoire de l'intégration, du matériau au système (IMS), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratory for Integrated Micro Mechatronics Systems (LIMMS), The University of Tokyo-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Industrial Science (IIS), The University of Tokyo, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), and The University of Tokyo (UTokyo)
Subjects: Nervous system, Spiking neural network, 0303 health sciences, Artificial neural network, Neuroprosthetics, Computer science, Interface (computing), Synapse, 03 medical and health sciences, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], 0302 clinical medicine, medicine.anatomical_structure, medicine, Neuron, State (computer science), Neuroscience, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 030304 developmental biology
Abstract: Millions of people are affected by neurological disorders. Brain-Machine Interfaces (BMIs) and neuroprosthesis have been the object of extensive research and may represent a valid treatment for diverse neurological diseases. The realization of neuroprostheses requires technologies to interact with neuronal cell assemblies in the nervous system, and to drive them into a desired state or to produce a specific behavior. One of the best solutions to design this kind of neuroprostheses is to implement a real-time hardware Spiking Neural Network (SNN). Not only will it mimic the electrical behavior of one biological neuron but also the dynamic of a neural network with plasticity rules. In this work, we present digital hardware implementation of biomimetic SNNs for stimulating in vitro cells. By connecting living neurons with electronic SNNs, we are intending to develop a model system for a brain-electronics interface.
Published: 2019

39. A BIO-HYBRID PLATFORM USING THIN-FILM-TRANSISTOR ARRAYS AND A BIOMIMETIC NEURAL NETWORK

Author: Eiler, Anne-Claire, Farad, Khoyratee, Ihida, Satoshi, Toshiyoshi, Hiroshi, Levi, Timothée, Tixier-Mita, Agnès, Institute of Industrial Science (IIS), The University of Tokyo, Laboratory for Integrated Micro Mechatronics Systems (LIMMS), The University of Tokyo-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de l'intégration, du matériau au système (IMS), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), and Levi, Timothée
Subjects: [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], [SPI] Engineering Sciences [physics], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2019

40. A Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Tissue Model of a Cerebral Tract Connecting Two Cortical Regions

Author: Jiro Kawada, Yoshiho Ikeuchi, Carole Anne Vollette, Zhongyue Luo, Teruo Fujii, Takaaki Kirihara, Farad Khoyratee, Siu Yu A Chow, Ryuji Misawa, Timothée Levi, Valentine Volz, Shinsuke Shibata, Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment, ministry of education-College of Life Sciences-Sichuan University [Chengdu] (SCU), Laboratoire de l'intégration, du matériau au système (IMS), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratory for Integrated Micro Mechatronics Systems (LIMMS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), Institute of Industrial Science (IIS), The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), ministry of education-College of Life Sciences-Sichuan University, The University of Tokyo-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and The University of Tokyo
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 02 engineering and technology, Biology, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, Techniques in Neuroscience, Cerebral tracts, medicine, Axon, lcsh:Science, Induced pluripotent stem cell, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Multidisciplinary, Tissue Model, Spheroid, Biodevices, Cortical neurons, Fascicle, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 3. Good health, 030104 developmental biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, nervous system, embryonic structures, lcsh:Q, 0210 nano-technology, Neuroscience
Abstract: Summary Cerebral tracts connect separated regions within a brain and serve as fundamental structures that support integrative brain functions. However, understanding the mechanisms of cerebral tract development, macro-circuit formation, and related disorders has been hampered by the lack of an in vitro model. Here, we developed a human stem cell-derived model of cerebral tracts, which is composed of two spheroids of cortical neurons and a robust fascicle of axons linking these spheroids reciprocally. In a microdevice, two spheroids of cerebral neurons extended axons into a microchannel between the spheroids and spontaneously formed an axon fascicle, mimicking a cerebral tract. We found that the formation of axon fascicle was significantly promoted when two spheroids extended axons toward each other compared with axons extended from only one spheroid. The two spheroids were able to communicate electrically through the axon fascicle. This model tissue could facilitate studies of cerebral tract development and diseases., Graphical Abstract, Highlights • A cerebral tract model was generated from iPS cell-derived cortical spheroids • Two spheroids were spontaneously connected with an axon fascicle in a microdevice • An axon fascicle electrically connected two cortical spheroids • Knockdown of L1CAM disrupted axon fascicle formation in the model tissue, Neuroscience; Techniques in Neuroscience; Biodevices
Published: 2019

41. Profiling of derived-hepatocyte progenitors from induced pluripotent stem cells using nanoCAGE promoter analysis

Author: Myriam Lereau Bernier, Eric Leclerc, Sachi Kato, Stéphane Poulain, Keiichi Kimura, Yasuyuki Sakai, Charles Plessy, Atsushi Miyajima, Marie Shinohara, Taketomo Kido, Mathieu Danoy, Yannick Tauran, Bertrand-David Segard, Laboratory for Integrated Micro Mechatronics Systems (LIMMS), The University of Tokyo (UTokyo)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies (RIKEN CLST), RIKEN - Institute of Physical and Chemical Research [Japon] (RIKEN), Laboratoire des Multimatériaux et Interfaces (LMI), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Center for International Research on Integrative Biomedical Systems [University of Tokyo] (CIBiS), Institute of Industrial Science (IIS), The University of Tokyo (UTokyo)-The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, and The University of Tokyo (UTokyo)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0303 health sciences, Environmental Engineering, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], nanoCAGE, Biomedical Engineering, Bioengineering, Promoter, Hepatic differentiation, Biology, 01 natural sciences, 3. Good health, Cell biology, Chromatin, hiPS, Transcriptome, 03 medical and health sciences, 010608 biotechnology, Gene expression, Glucose homeostasis, Progenitor cell, Induced pluripotent stem cell, Transcription factor, 030304 developmental biology, Biotechnology
Abstract: International audience; Human induced pluripotent stem (hiPS) cells represent a potential source of human cells for regenerative and personalized medicine applications. It is envisioned that hiPS cells could be an efficient tool for disease modelling and drug therapy testings. However, the successful derivation of hiPS cells to mature hepatocytes remains a challenge as far as the current proposed protocols lead to immature patterns and are very expensive (due to growth factors cost). In this work, we have compared two protocols of differentiation to produce hepatocyte-like cells. The first protocol is the conventional protocol adapted from Si-Tayeb et al. in 2010. By changing the frequency of culture medium exchange, we reduced the use of growth factors in the second protocol by 40%. Both protocols lead to hepatocyte-like characteristics including albumin (ALB) and cytochrome P450/3A4 (CYP3A4) expression in cells. Albumin production reached 2500 ng/mL/day for both protocols. The transcription factor motif activity analysis via transcriptomic data obtained with the Cap Analysis Gene Expression (CAGE) technology confirmed a typical hepatic profile for both protocols (such as activation of HNF1 A and HNF1B promoters). However, specific patterns were also detected with higher mRNA levels of WT1, MTF1, HCFC1, and PGCα1 in protocol 2. The overall transcriptomic analysis also revealed a modulation of targets involved in glucose homeostasis, in cell remodeling, lipid pathways and chromatin processing. However, the alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) production remained very high and the function of CYP3A4 was weak in both protocols illustrating still an immature profile in both protocols.
Published: 2019

42. BIOMIMETIC SPIKE-TIMING BASED IONIC MICROSTIMULATION FOR NEURON CULTURE

Author: Nishikawa, Stephany, Khoyratee, Farad, Kim, Soo, Ikeuchi, Yoshiho, Aihara, Kazuyuki, Fujii, Teruo, Levi, Timothée, Laboratoire de l'intégration, du matériau au système (IMS), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Industrial Science (IIS), The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), Laboratory for Integrated Micro Mechatronics Systems (LIMMS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), Levi, Timothée, The University of Tokyo, and The University of Tokyo-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Neurons, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], [SPI] Engineering Sciences [physics], Microfluidics, Spiking Neural Network, Ionic micro-stimulation
Abstract: International audience; Neurodegenerative diseases are incurable and debilitating conditions that influence cognitive and/or motor functions in millions of people worldwide. Neuroprosthesis are used today to support the quality of life but have yet to improve in their power consumption and biocompatibility issues. For the future realization of neuroprosthesis, understanding the neurophysiological behaviors and the investigations on the interaction of neuronal cell assemblies is therefore essential. Here, we propose a novel microfluidic system to investigate the response of the neurons directly stimulated by the potassium ions in vitro in biomimetic timing.
Published: 2019

43. Snake Robot Controlled by Biomimetic CPGs

Author: Damien Blanchard, Timothée Levi, Kazuyuki Aihara, Institute of Industrial Science (IIS), The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), Laboratoire de l'intégration, du matériau au système (IMS), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and The University of Tokyo
Subjects: 0209 industrial biotechnology, Computer Networks and Communications, Computer science, Biological neuron model, 02 engineering and technology, lcsh:Technology, spiking neural network, [SPI.AUTO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Automatic, 03 medical and health sciences, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], 020901 industrial engineering & automation, 0302 clinical medicine, Artificial Intelligence, snake robot, Computer vision, Field-programmable gate array, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Spiking neural network, Artificial neural network, business.industry, lcsh:T, Central pattern generator, General Medicine, biomimetic, locomotion, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, CPG, Robot, Artificial intelligence, business
Abstract: International audience; Locomotion is one of the most basic abilities in animals. Neurobiologists have established that locomotion results from the activity of half-center oscillators that provides alternation of bursts. Central Pattern Generators (CPGs) are neural networks capable of producing rhythmic patterned outputs without rhythmic sensory or central input. We propose a network of several biomimetic CPGs using biomimetic neuron model and synaptic plasticity. This network is implemented on a FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array). We designed one unsupervised snake robot using this network of CPG. It is composed of one head wagon and 7 slave wagon. Infrared sensors are also embedded in the head wagon. This robot can reproduce the locomotion of one snake. The hardware robot is also described in this paper.
Published: 2019

44. Evaluation of Groundwater Simulations in Benin from the ALMIP2 Project

Author: Pat J.-F. Yeh, Moussa Boukari, Mehnaz Rashid, Hyungjun Kim, Rong You Chien, Aaron Boone, Min-Hui Lo, Yutaro Yabu, Christophe Peugeot, Agnès Ducharne, Xiaogang He, Luc Séguis, Milieux Environnementaux, Transferts et Interactions dans les hydrosystèmes et les Sols (METIS), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Industrial Science (IIS), The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), Hydrosciences Montpellier (HSM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Groupe d'étude de l'atmosphère météorologique (CNRM-GAME), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Météo France-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Princeton University, École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), The University of Tokyo, and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Hydrology, Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 0207 environmental engineering, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, 6. Clean water, Hydrology (agriculture), 13. Climate action, Environmental science, Hydrometeorology, Water cycle, [SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, 020701 environmental engineering, Water budget, Groundwater, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Groundwater storage
Abstract: A comprehensive estimation of water budget components, particularly groundwater storage (GWS) and fluxes, is crucial. In this study, we evaluate the terrestrial water budget of the Donga basin (Benin, West Africa), as simulated by three land surface models (LSMs) used in the African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analysis Land Surface Model Intercomparison Project, phase 2 (ALMIP2): CLM4, Catchment LSM (CLSM), and Minimal Advanced Treatments of Surface Interaction and Runoff (MATSIRO). All three models include an unconfined groundwater component and are driven by the same ALMIP2 atmospheric forcing from 2005 to 2008. Results show that all three models simulate substantially shallower water table depth (WTD) with smaller seasonal variations, approximately 1–1.5 m compared to the observed values that range between 4 and 9.6 m, while the seasonal variations of GWS are overestimated by all the models. These seemingly contradictory simulation results can be explained by the overly high specific yield prescribed in all models. All models achieve similar GWS simulations but with different fractions of precipitation partitioning into surface runoff, base flow, and evapotranspiration (ET), suggesting high uncertainty and errors in the terrestrial and groundwater budgets among models. The poor performances of models can be attributed to bias in the hydrological partitioning (base flow vs surface runoff) and sparse subsurface data. This analysis confirms the importance of subsurface hydrological processes in the current generation of LSMs and calls for substantial improvement in both surface water budget (which controls groundwater recharge) and the groundwater system (hydrodynamic parameters, vertical geometry).
Published: 2019

45. EGFL7 regulates sprouting angiogenesis and endothelial integrity in a human blood vessel model

Author: Yukiko T. Matsunaga, Joris Pauty, Ryo Usuba, Fabrice Soncin, SONCIN, Fabrice, Center for International Research on Integrative Biomedical Systems [University of Tokyo] (CIBiS), Institute of Industrial Science (IIS), The University of Tokyo (UTokyo)-The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), Laboratory for Integrated Micro Mechatronics Systems (LIMMS), The University of Tokyo (UTokyo)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Lille, Mécanismes de tumorigenèse et thérapies ciblées, Institut Pasteur de Lille, and Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A, EGF Family of Proteins, Biophysics, Notch signaling pathway, Neovascularization, Physiologic, Bioengineering, 02 engineering and technology, [SDV.BC.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology/Subcellular Processes [q-bio.SC], In vitro 3D model, Biomaterials, Adherens junction, Capillary Permeability, 03 medical and health sciences, Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells, [SDV.BC.BC] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology/Subcellular Processes [q-bio.SC], Humans, Vascular permeability, Microvessel, Barrier function, 030304 developmental biology, Sprouting angiogenesis, 0303 health sciences, Gene knockdown, Chemistry, Calcium-Binding Proteins, Endothelial Cells, Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Cell biology, Mechanics of Materials, Gene Knockdown Techniques, Microvessels, Ceramics and Composites, Endothelial cell junction, EGFL7, Angiogenesis, 0210 nano-technology, Epidermal growth factor-like domain 7 (EGFL7), Filopodia
Abstract: International audience; Elucidating the mechanisms underlying sprouting angiogenesis and permeability should enable the development of more effective therapies for various diseases, including retinopathy, cancer, and other vascular disorders. We focused on epidermal growth factor-like domain 7 (EGFL7) which plays an important role in NOTCH signaling and in the organization of angiogenic sprouts. We developed an EGFL7-knockdown in vitro microvessel model and investigated the effect of EGFL7 at a tissue level. We found EGFL7 knockdown suppressed VEGF-A-induced sprouting angiogenesis accompanied by an overproduction of endothelial filopodia and reduced collagen IV deposition at the basal side of endothelial cells. We also observed impaired barrier function which reflected an inflammatory condition. Furthermore, our results showed that proper formation of adherens junctions and phosphorylation of VE-cadherin was disturbed. In conclusion, by using a 3D microvessel model we identified novel roles for EGFL7 in endothelial function during sprouting angiogenesis.
Published: 2019

46. Real-time implementation of ReSuMe learning in Spiking Neural Network

Author: Seiji Uenohara, Kazuyuki Aihara, Timothée Levi, Yang Xia, Natl Engn Res Ctr Vegetables, Key Lab Biol & Genet Improvement Hort Crops N Chi, Beijing Acad Agr & Forestry Sci, Institute of Industrial Science (IIS), The University of Tokyo, Laboratoire de l'intégration, du matériau au système (IMS), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), and Levi, Timothée
Subjects: Spiking neural network, Artificial neural network, Computer science, business.industry, [SPI] Engineering Sciences [physics], LIF, Supervised learning, Information processing, General Medicine, ReSuMe, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Neuromorphic engineering, Parallel architecture, Artificial intelligence, business, Field-programmable gate array, FPGA
Abstract: International audience; Neuromorphic systems are designed by mimicking or being inspired by the nervous system, which realizes robust, autonomous, and power-efficient information processing by highly parallel architecture. Supervised learning was proposed as a successful concept of information processing in neural network. Recently, there has been an increasing body of evidence that instruction-based learning is also exploited by the brain. ReSuMe is a proposed algorithm by Ponulak and Kasinski in 2010. It proposes a supervised learning for biologically plausible neurons that reproduce template signals (instructions) or patterns encoded in precisely timed sequences of spikes. Here, we present a real-time ReSuMe learning implementation on FPGA using Leaky Integrate-and-fire (LIF) Spiking Neural Network (SNN). FPGA allows real-time implementation and embedded system. We show that this implementation can make successful the learning on a specific pattern.
Published: 2019

47. Système Neuro-Hybride : Communication entre réseau de Neurones Impulsionnels via une interface microfluidique et Neurones en culture ‘in vitro’

Author: Nishikawa, Stephany, Kim, Soo Hyeon, Ikeuchi, Yoshiho, Fujii, Teruo, Levi, Timothée, Levi, Timothée, Institute of Industrial Science (IIS), The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), Laboratory for Integrated Micro Mechatronics Systems (LIMMS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), Laboratoire de l'intégration, du matériau au système (IMS), and Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], [SPI] Engineering Sciences [physics], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2019

48. Insights into the accessibility of Zr in Zr/SBA-15 mesoporous silica supports with increasing Zr loadings

Author: Dalil Brouri, Katie A. Cychosz, Cyril Thomas, Masaru Ogura, Juliette Blanchard, Rémy Guillet-Nicolas, Matthias Thommes, Sandra Casale, Institute of Industrial Science (IIS), The University of Tokyo, Quantachrome Instruments, Laboratoire de Réactivité de Surface (LRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), and Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Materials science, ZrSiO4, Oxide, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Catalysis, symbols.namesake, chemistry.chemical_compound, ZrO2, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, General Materials Science, Porosity, NOx-TPD, NOx, General Chemistry, Mesoporous silica, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, 0104 chemical sciences, Characterization (materials science), chemistry, Chemical engineering, Mechanics of Materials, SEM, TEM, symbols, 0210 nano-technology, Raman spectroscopy, Hydrodesulfurization
Abstract: International audience; Oxide-promoted SBA-15 materials have been shown to be profitable in a wide variety of catalytic reactions of environmental interest. Zr-SBA-15 materials have been found to be of particular interest in hydrotreating, biomass conversion and Fisher–Tropsch synthesis. In these studies, the accessibility of ZrO2 located inside the silica mesoporosity has been hardly characterized, despite the fact that this may be critical in determining the best catalyst formulation. This can be accounted for by the lack of methods available for the characterization of oxides, in particular when these oxides are located in the porosity of another oxide. Recently, we have shown that ZrO2 particles dispersed in the porosity of an SBA-15 support could be characterized via a NOx-TPD methodology. In the present work Zr-SBA-15 materials were prepared with various loadings of Zr and thoroughly characterized through N2-sorption coupled with advanced pore size analysis, SEM, TEM, EDS, XRD, Raman spectroscopy and NOx-TPD. It was found that ZrO2 accessibility decreased to a significant extent up to a Zr surface density of about 2 Zr atoms/nm2 and then more slightly at higher Zr surface densities. It was also found for the first time that ZrSiO4 was formed above 2 Zr atoms/nm2. The fact that ZrSiO4 also chemisorbed NOx species, although to a much lower extent than ZrO2, paves the way for a method to characterize Zr-SBA-15 samples prepared by direct synthesis for which Zr should be mainly located in the silica walls.
Published: 2016

49. Quasi-Ballistic Heat Conduction due to Lévy Phonon Flights in Silicon Nanowires

Author: Sebastian Volz, Roman Anufriev, Sergei Gluchko, Masahiro Nomura, Institute of Industrial Science (IIS), The University of Tokyo, Laboratoire d'Énergétique Moléculaire et Macroscopique, Combustion (EM2C), CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), and The University of Tokyo (UTokyo)
Subjects: Materials science, Nanostructure, Silicon, Phonon, Nanowire, phonons, General Physics and Astronomy, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Ballistic conduction, 0103 physical sciences, Microelectronics, General Materials Science, [SPI.NANO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics, 010306 general physics, Monte Carlo, Condensed matter physics, business.industry, General Engineering, silicon, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Thermal conduction, Condensed Matter::Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect, Conductor, chemistry, nanowires, thermal transport, ballistic transport, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], [PHYS.MECA.THER]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Thermics [physics.class-ph], thermoreflectance, 0210 nano-technology, business
Abstract: International audience; Future of silicon-based microelectronics depends on solving the heat dissipation problem. A solution may lie in a nanoscale phenomenon known as ballistic heat conduction, which implies conduction of heat without heating the conductor. However, attempts to demonstrate this phenomenon experimentally are controversial and scarce, whereas its mechanism in confined nanostructures is yet to be fully understood. Here, we experimentally demonstrate quasi-ballistic heat conduction in silicon nanowires (NWs). We show that the ballisticity is the strongest in short NWs at low temperatures but weakens as the NW length or temperature is increased. Yet, even at room temperature, quasi-ballistic heat conduction remains visible in short NWs. To better understand this phenomenon, we probe directions and lengths of phonon flights. Our experiments and simulations show that the quasi-ballistic phonon transport in NWs is essentially the LévyLévy walk with short flights between the NW boundaries and long ballistic leaps along the NW. Thus, we conclude that ballistic heat conduction is present in silicon even at room temperature in sufficiently small nanostructures and may yet improve thermal management in silicon-based microelectronics.
Published: 2018

50. Yellowish White-Light Emission Involving Resonant Energy Transfer in a New One-Dimensional Hybrid Material: (C 9 H 10 N 2 )PbCl 4

Author: Younes Abid, Smail Triki, Aymen Yangui, Hamdi Barkaoui, Haitham Abid, Kamel Boukheddaden, Faculté des Sciences de Sfax, Université de Sfax - University of Sfax, Institute of Industrial Science (IIS), The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), Chimie, Electrochimie Moléculaires et Chimie Analytique (CEMCA), Institut Brestois Santé Agro Matière (IBSAM), Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Groupe d'Etude de la Matière Condensée (GEMAC), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and The University of Tokyo
Subjects: Resonant inductive coupling, Materials science, Photoluminescence, 02 engineering and technology, Crystal structure, 010402 general chemistry, Photochemistry, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Molecule, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Quantum well, energy transfer mechanism, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 0104 chemical sciences, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, [CHIM.THEO]Chemical Sciences/Theoretical and/or physical chemistry, General Energy, Octahedron, AQPbCl4, Naked eye, 0210 nano-technology, Hybrid material, one-dimensional organic-inorganic hybrid material
Abstract: International audience; The present work deals with a new one-dimensional (1D) organic-inorganic hybrid material namely (C9H10N2)PbCl4 (abbreviated as AQPbCl4). Its crystal structure is built up from infinite 1D chain of edge-sharing PbCl6 octahedra surrounded by 3-aminoquinoline (abbreviated as AQ) organic molecules. Contrary to the most organic-inorganic hybrid materials, where the organic moieties act as barriers and the inorganic parts play the role of quantum wells, both inorganic and organic parts in AQPbCl4 are optically active, giving rise to optical properties involving the competition and the interaction of two organic and inorganic emitting entities. Under UV excitation, this hybrid compound shows a strong yellowish white-light emission that can be seen even with the naked eye and at room temperature. Photoluminescence spectrum is composed from a strong and broad yellow band at 538 nm associated with π-π* transition localized within AQ organic molecule and a less intense band in the UV region at 340nm associated with inorganic Wannier exciton confined in the PbCl4 inorganic wires. These attributions were made possible thanks to comparisons with homologous materials and it was supported by theoretical band structure calculations. In addition, both theoretical and experimental results suggest that the emission involves resonant energy transfer mechanism in which the inorganic PbCl4 wires act as a donor and the organic molecules act as an acceptor. Moreover, the temperature dependence study of the photoluminescence led to an estimation of the binding energies of interacting excitons and showed that the energy transfer mechanism is characterized by a remarkable enhancement of the emission band intensity.
Published: 2018

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