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1. Comparison of two model calibration approaches and their influence on future projections under climate change in the Upper Indus Basin

Author: Ismail, Muhammad Fraz, Naz, Bibi S., Wortmann, Michel, Disse, Markus, Bowling, Laura C., Bogacki, Wolfgang, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Koblenz, Koblenz, Germany, Research Centre Jülich, Institute of Bio and Geosciences: Agrosphere (IBG-3), Jülich, Germany, Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Potsdam, Germany, Department of Civil, Geo. and Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany, and Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, USA
Subjects: Atmospheric Science, Global and Planetary Change, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Calibration/validation approaches, Calibration (statistics), Uncertainty, Climate change, Glacier, Structural basin, Snow, ddc, Climatic change, Glacier mass balance, Climatology, Streamflow, Snowmelt, ddc:551.48, Environmental science, Upper Indus Basin
Abstract: This study performs a comparison of two model calibration/validation approaches and their influence on future hydrological projections under climate change by employing two climate scenarios (RCP2.6 and 8.5) projected by four global climate models. Two hydrological models (HMs), snowmelt runoff model + glaciers and variable infiltration capacity model coupled with a glacier model, were used to simulate streamflow in the highly snow and glacier melt–driven Upper Indus Basin. In the first (conventional) calibration approach, the models were calibrated only at the basin outlet, while in the second (enhanced) approach intermediate gauges, different climate conditions and glacier mass balance were considered. Using the conventional and enhanced calibration approaches, the monthly Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE) for both HMs ranged from 0.71 to 0.93 and 0.79 to 0.90 in the calibration, while 0.57–0.92 and 0.54–0.83 in the validation periods, respectively. For the future impact assessment, comparison of differences based on the two calibration/validation methods at the annual scale (i.e. 2011–2099) shows small to moderate differences of up to 10%, whereas differences at the monthly scale reached up to 19% in the cold months (i.e. October–March) for the far future period. Comparison of sources of uncertainty using analysis of variance showed that the contribution of HM parameter uncertainty to the overall uncertainty is becoming very small by the end of the century using the enhanced approach. This indicates that enhanced approach could potentially help to reduce uncertainties in the hydrological projections when compared to the conventional calibration approach., Technische Universität München (1025)
Published: 2020

2. Biogeochemical cycling of phosphorus in subsoils of temperate forest ecosystems

Author: Rodionov, Andrei, Bauke, Sara L., von Sperber, Christian, Hoeschen, Carmen, Kandeler, Ellen, Kruse, Jens, Lewandowski, Hans, Marhan, Sven, Mueller, Carsten W., Simon, Margaux, Tamburini, Federica, Uhlig, David, von Blanckenburg, Friedhelm, Lang, Friederike, Amelung, Wulf, Soil Ecology, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES) – Soil Science and Soil Ecology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany, Department of Geography, McGill University, Montreal, Canada, Chair of Soil Science, Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, Technical University of Munich, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany, Institute of Soil Science and Land Evaluation, Soil Biology Department, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences – Agrosphere (IBG-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany, Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, Section for Geography, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich, Lindau, Switzerland, GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Earth Surface Geochemistry, Potsdam, Germany, and Chair of Soil Ecology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg (i. Br.), Germany
Subjects: Biogeochemical cycle, chemistry.chemical_element, Phosphate, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Soil, Nutrient, ddc:550, Environmental Chemistry, NanoSIMS, Oxygen isotopes, XANES, Microbial P cycling, Subsoil, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, Water Science and Technology, Rhizosphere, Topsoil, Phosphorus, Temperate forest, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, ddc, chemistry, Environmental chemistry, ddc:551.9, Soil water, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries
Abstract: Tree roots penetrate the soil to several meters depth, but the role of subsoils for the supply of nutrient elements such as phosphorus (P) to the trees is poorly understood. Here, we tested the hypothesis that increased P deficiency in the topsoil results in an increased microbial recycling of P from the forest subsoil. We sampled soils from four German temperate forest sites representing a gradient in total P stocks. We analyzed the oxygen isotopic composition of HCl-extractable phosphate (δ18OP) and identified differences in P speciation with increasing soil depth using X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy. We further determined microbial oxygen demand with and without nutrient supply at different soil depths to analyse nutrient limitation of microbial growth and used nanoscale secondary ion mass spectrometry (NanoSIMS) to visualize spatial P gradients in the rhizosphere. We found that δ18OP values in the topsoil of all sites were close to the isotopic signal imparted by biological cycling when oxygen isotopes in phosphate are exchanged by enzymatic activity. However, with increasing soil depth and increasing HCl-P concentrations, δ18Ο values continuously decreased towards values expected for primary minerals in parent material at depths below 60 cm at sites with high subsoil P stocks and below more than 2 m at sites with low subsoil P stocks, respectively. For these depths, XANES spectra also indicated the presence of apatite. NanoSIMS images showed an enrichment of P in the rhizosphere in the topsoil of a site with high P stocks, while this P enrichment was absent at a site with low P stocks and in both subsoils. Addition of C, N and P alone or in combination revealed that microbial activity in subsoils of sites with low P stocks was mostly P limited, whereas sites with high P stocks indicated N limitation or N and P co-limitation. We conclude that subsoil P resources are recycled by trees and soil microorganisms. With continued weathering of the bedrock and mobilisation of P from the weathered rocks, P cycling will proceed to greater depths, especially at sites characterised by P limitation., Biogeochemistry, 150 (3), ISSN:0168-2563, ISSN:1573-515X
Published: 2019

3. QTL analysis for ascorbic acid content in strawberry fruit reveals a complex genetic architecture and association with GDP-L-galactose phosphorylase

Author: Pilar Muñoz, Cristina Castillejo, José Antonio Gómez, Luis Miranda, Silke Lesemann, Klaus Olbricht, Aurélie Petit, Philippe Chartier, Annika Haugeneder, Johanna Trinkl, Luca Mazzoni, Agnieszka Masny, Edward Zurawicz, Freya Maria Rosemarie Ziegler, Björn Usadel, Wilfried Schwab, Béatrice Denoyes, Bruno Mezzetti, Sonia Osorio, José F Sánchez-Sevilla, Iraida Amaya, Instituto Andaluz de Investigación y Formación Agraria y Pesquera (IFAPA), IFAPA CENTRO LAS TORRES-TOMEJIL ESP, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Hansabred [Dresden], Invenio, Biologie du fruit et pathologie (BFP), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Technische Universität Munchen - Université Technique de Munich [Munich, Allemagne] (TUM), Polytechnic University of Marche [Ancona, Italy] / Università Politecnica delle Marche [Ancona, Italia], The National Institute of Horticultural Research, 4. Institute of Bio- and Geosciences Agrosphere (IBG-3), Research Center Jülich, Germany, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences Agrosphere (IBG-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association-Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association-Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association-Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterranea 'La Mayora' (IHSM), Universidad de Málaga [Málaga] = University of Málaga [Málaga]-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), This research was supported by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (GoodBerry, grant agreement number 679303), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (PID2019-111496RR-I00 / AEI / 10.13039/501100011033) and PR.AVA.AVA2019.034 (IFAPA, FEDER funds). P. Muñoz acknowledged a PhD FPI-INIA contract co-financed by FSE., and European Project: 679303,H2020,H2020-SFS-2015-2,GoodBerry(2016)
Subjects: [SDV.BV.AP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Plant breeding, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Genetics, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, ddc:640, Ascorbic Acid, Plant Science, Horticulture, Biochemistry, Biotechnology
Abstract: Strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) fruits are an excellent source of L-ascorbic acid (AsA), a powerful antioxidant for plants and humans. Identifying the genetic components underlying AsA accumulation is crucial for enhancing strawberry nutritional quality. Here, we unravel the genetic architecture of AsA accumulation using an F1 population derived from parental lines ‘Candonga’ and ‘Senga Sengana’, adapted to distinct Southern and Northern European areas. To account for environmental effects, the F1 and parental lines were grown and phenotyped in five locations across Europe (France, Germany, Italy, Poland and Spain). Fruit AsA content displayed normal distribution typical of quantitative traits and ranged five-fold, with significant differences among genotypes and environments. AsA content in each country and the average in all of them was used in combination with 6,974 markers for quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis. Environmentally stable QTLs for AsA content were detected in linkage group (LG) 3A, LG 5A, LG 5B, LG 6B and LG 7C. Candidate genes were identified within stable QTL intervals and expression analysis in lines with contrasting AsA content suggested that GDP-L-Galactose Phosphorylase FaGGP(3A), and the chloroplast-located AsA transporter gene FaPHT4;4(7C) might be the underlying genetic factors for QTLs on LG 3A and 7C, respectively. We show that recessive alleles of FaGGP(3A) inherited from both parental lines increase fruit AsA content. Furthermore, expression of FaGGP(3A) was two-fold higher in lines with high AsA. Markers here identified represent a useful resource for efficient selection of new strawberry cultivars with increased AsA content.
Published: 2023

4. Soil hydraulic properties estimation from one‐dimensional infiltration experiments using characteristic time concept

Author: Borja Latorre, Laurent Lassabatere, Jirka Šimůnek, Harry Vereecken, Jasper A. Vrugt, Jan Vanderborght, Mehdi Rahmati, David Moret-Fernández, DEPARTMENT OF SOIL SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING FACULTY OF AGRICULTURE UNIVERSITY OF MARAGHEH IRN, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Institute of Bio- and Geosciences Agrosphere (IBG-3), Research Center Jülich, Germany, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences Agrosphere (IBG-3), Research Center Jülich-Research Center Jülich, Department of Environmental Sciences [Riverside], University of California [Riverside] (UCR), University of California-University of California, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of California, University of California, DEPARTMENT OF EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA IRVINE CA USA, Departamento de Suelo y Agua, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Pomology Department, Estación Experimental de Aula Dei, Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés (LEHNA), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Moret-Fernández, David [0000-0002-6674-0453], Latorre Garcés, Borja [0000-0002-6720-3326], Moret-Fernández, David, and Latorre Garcés, Borja
Subjects: Crop and Pasture Production, Environmental Engineering, Computer science, FLOW, 0207 environmental engineering, Soil Science, Environmental Sciences & Ecology, 02 engineering and technology, WATER-RETENTION, Physical Geography and Environmental Geoscience, EQUATION, ddc:550, Applied mathematics, GE1-350, 020701 environmental engineering, CONDUCTIVITY, FORMULATION, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, QE1-996.5, Science & Technology, DISC INFILTROMETER, Geology, Agriculture, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Creative commons, 15. Life on land, 6. Clean water, Environmental sciences, MODEL, Infiltration (hydrology), Physical Sciences, Soil Sciences, Water Resources, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, TRANSFER PARAMETERS, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, Environmental Sciences, BEERKAN ESTIMATION
Abstract: 22 Pags.- 9 Figs.- 5 Tabls. © 2020 The Authors. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited., Many different equations ranging from simple empirical to semi‐analytical solutions of the Richards equation have been proposed for quantitative description of water infiltration into variably saturated soils. The sorptivity, S, and the saturated hydraulic conductivity, Ks, in these equations are typically unknown and have to be estimated from measured data. In this paper, we use so‐called characteristic time (tchar) to design a new method, referred to as the characteristic time method (CTM) that estimates S, and Ks, from one‐dimensional (1D) cumulative infiltration data. We demonstrate the usefulness and power of the CTM by comparing it with a suite of existing methods using synthetic cumulative infiltration data simulated by HYDRUS‐1D for 12 synthetic soils reflecting different USDA textural classes, as well as experimental data selected from the Soil Water Infiltration Global (SWIG) database. Results demonstrate that the inferred values of S and Ks are in excellent agreement with their theoretical values used in the synthetically simulated infiltration experiments with Nash–Sutcliffe criterion close to unity and RMSE values of 0.04 cm h−1/2 and 0.05 cm h−1, respectively. The CTM also showed very high accuracy when applied on synthetic data with added measurement noise, as well as robustness when applied to experimental data. Unlike previously published methods, the CTM does not require knowledge of the time validity of the applied semi‐analytical solution for infiltration and, therefore, is applicable to infiltrations with durations from 5 min to several days. A script written in Python of the CTM method is provided in the supplemental material.
Published: 2020

5. Modeling of Multilayered Media Green’s Functions With Rough Interfaces

Author: Jonard, François, André, Frédéric, Pinel, Nicolas, Warren, Craig, Vereecken, Harry, Lambot, Sébastien, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences Agrosphere (IBG-3), Research Center Jülich, Germany, ∗Agrosphere (IBG-3), Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences [Jülich] (IBG), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association-Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association-Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association-Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association-Institute of Bio- and Geosciences [Jülich] (IBG), Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association-Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), Institut Catholique d'Arts et Métiers (ICAM), University of Northumbria at Newcastle [United Kingdom], Institute of Bio- and Geosciences Agrosphere (IBG-3), Research Center Jülich-Research Center Jülich, UCL - SST/ELI/ELIE - Environmental Sciences, and UCL - SST/ELI/ELIC - Earth & Climate
Subjects: Ground-Penetrating Radar, Waveform inversion, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], GPR, Kirchhoff-tangent plane approximation, H900, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: Horizontally stratified media are commonly used to represent naturally occurring and manmade structures, such as soils, roads, and pavements, when probed by ground-penetrating radar (GPR). Electromagnetic (EM) wave scattering from such multilayered media is dependent on the roughness of the interfaces. In this study, we developed a closed-form asymptotic EM model taking into account random rough layers based on the scalar Kirchhoff-tangent plane approximation (SKA) model, which we combined with planar multilayered media Green’s functions. In order to validate our extended SKA model, we conducted simulations using a numerical EM solver based on the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. We modeled a medium with three layers – a base layer of perfect electric conductor (PEC), overlaid by two layers of different materials with rough interfaces. The reflections at the first and at the second interface were both well reproduced by the SKA model for each roughness condition. For the reflection at the PEC surface, the extended SKA model slightly overestimated the reflection, and this overestimation increased with the roughness amplitude. A good agreement was also obtained between the FDTD simulation input values and inverted root mean square (RMS) height estimates of the top interface, while the inverted RMS heights of the second interface were slightly overestimated. The accuracy and the performances of our asymptotic forward model demonstrate promising perspectives for simulating rough multilayered media, and hence, for the full waveform inversion of GPR data to non-invasively characterize soils and materials.
Published: 2019

6. Uncertainty analysis of eleven multisource soil moisture products in the third pole environment based on the three-corned hat method

Author: Jianzhi Dong, Donghai Zheng, Jin Liu, Tongren Xu, Ji Zhou, Shaomin Liu, Shiqi Yang, Linna Chai, J. P. Wigneron, Yuquan Qu, Zheng Lu, Yongze Song, State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology (ESPRE), Beijing Normal University (BNU), Hydrology and Remote Sensing Laboratory, US Department of Agriculture [Beltsville] (USDA), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research Chinese Academy of Sciences P.O. Box 2871, 18 Shuang Qing Road Beijing 100085, China (J.L.-Z.) (INSTITUTE OF TIBETAN PLATEAU RESEARCH), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA), Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Curtin University [Perth], Planning and Transport Research Centre (PATREC), 4. Institute of Bio- and Geosciences Agrosphere (IBG-3), Research Center Jülich, Germany, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences Agrosphere (IBG-3), and Research Center Jülich-Research Center Jülich
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 0208 environmental biotechnology, Soil Science, Climate change, 02 engineering and technology, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, Land data assimilation system, Data assimilation, Precipitation, Computers in Earth Sciences, Water content, Uncertainty quantification, Uncertainty analysis, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Remote sensing, Relative contribution, Soil organic matter, Generalized additive model, Geology, Vegetation, 15. Life on land, 020801 environmental engineering, 13. Climate action, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental science, Soil moisture, Land surface model
Abstract: International audience; Soil moisture (SM) is a fundamental environmental variable for characterizing climate, land surface and atmosphere. In recent years, several SM products have been developed based on remote sensing (RS), land surface model (LSM) or land data assimilation system (LDAS). However, little knowledge is available in understanding spatial patterns of the uncertainty of different SM products and potential regional drivers over the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP), a complex environment for accurate SM estimation. This paper investigates the sensitivity of the SM uncertainties based on the three-cornered hat (TCH) method and a generalized additive model (GAM) in terms of underlying surface characteristics (sand fraction, soil organic matter, vegetation, land surface temperature, and topography) and near-ground meteorology (precipitation and air temperature) in the third pole environment over the 2015–2018 period. Eleven SM products are involved in this work, including Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP), Soil Moisture Ocean Salinity INRA-CESBIO (SMOS-IC), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Land Surface Parameter Model (LPRM), Climate Change Initiative - Active/Combined (CCI_A/CCI_C), Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS), European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Interim reanalysis (ERA-Interim), Global Land Evaporation Amsterdam Model product a/b (GLEAM_a/GLEAM_b), and Random Forest Soil Moisture (RFSM). Results show that most of the SM products perform well across QTP, while SMOS-IC is strongly affected by radio-frequency interference in this region, JAXA has a relatively higher noise level over QTP, and LPRM has larger relative uncertainties (RUs) in the southeast of QTP. Nonlinear regression analysis demonstrates that variations of RUs in SMOS-IC and JAXA are driven by topography, while LPRM's are mainly controlled by vegetation. In addition, two groups of opposite (positive/negative) effects from topography and vegetation, topography and precipitation, and precipitation and land surface temperature affect the spatial variations of RUs in CCI_A, RFSM, and ERA-Interim, respectively. Meanwhile, more complex relationships are found between multiple surface factors and RUs of different products. In general, the underlying surface factors explain on average 39.41% and 28.34% of the variations in RS and LSM/LDAS SM RUs, respectively. Comparatively, the near-ground meteorology factors have a slightly larger effect on LSM/LDAS products than that on RS products.
Published: 2021

7. Development and analysis of the Soil Water Infiltration Global database

Author: M. Rahmati, L. Weihermüller, J. Vanderborght, Y. A. Pachepsky, L. Mao, S. H. Sadeghi, N. Moosavi, H. Kheirfam, C. Montzka, K. Van Looy, B. Toth, Z. Hazbavi, W. Al Yamani, A. A. Albalasmeh, M. Z. Alghzawi, R. Angulo-Jaramillo, A. C. D. Antonino, G. Arampatzis, R. A. Armindo, H. Asadi, Y. Bamutaze, J. Batlle-Aguilar, B. Béchet, F. Becker, G. Blöschl, K. Bohne, I. Braud, C. Castellano, A. Cerdà, M. Chalhoub, R. Cichota, M. Císlerová, B. Clothier, Y. Coquet, W. Cornelis, C. Corradini, A. P. Coutinho, M. B. de Oliveira, J. R. de Macedo, M. F. Durães, H. Emami, I. Eskandari, A. Farajnia, A. Flammini, N. Fodor, M. Gharaibeh, M. H. Ghavimipanah, T. A. Ghezzehei, S. Giertz, E. G. Hatzigiannakis, R. Horn, J. J. Jiménez, D. Jacques, S. D. Keesstra, H. Kelishadi, M. Kiani-Harchegani, M. Kouselou, M. Kumar Jha, L. Lassabatere, X. Li, M. A. Liebig, L. Lichner, M. V. López, D. Machiwal, D. Mallants, M. S. Mallmann, J. D. de Oliveira Marques, M. R. Marshall, J. Mertens, F. Meunier, M. H. Mohammadi, B. P. Mohanty, M. Pulido-Moncada, S. Montenegro, R. Morbidelli, D. Moret-Fernández, A. A. Moosavi, M. R. Mosaddeghi, S. B. Mousavi, H. Mozaffari, K. Nabiollahi, M. R. Neyshabouri, M. V. Ottoni, T. B. Ottoni Filho, M. R. Pahlavan-Rad, A. Panagopoulos, S. Peth, P.-E. Peyneau, T. Picciafuoco, J. Poesen, M. Pulido, D. J. Reinert, S. Reinsch, M. Rezaei, F. P. Roberts, D. Robinson, J. Rodrigo-Comino, O. C. Rotunno Filho, T. Saito, H. Suganuma, C. Saltalippi, R. Sándor, B. Schütt, M. Seeger, N. Sepehrnia, E. Sharifi Moghaddam, M. Shukla, S. Shutaro, R. Sorando, A. A. Stanley, P. Strauss, Z. Su, R. Taghizadeh-Mehrjardi, E. Taguas, W. G. Teixeira, A. R. Vaezi, M. Vafakhah, T. Vogel, I. Vogeler, J. Votrubova, S. Werner, T. Winarski, D. Yilmaz, M. H. Young, S. Zacharias, Y. Zeng, Y. Zhao, H. Zhao, H. Vereecken, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences [Jülich] (IBG), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Department of Soil Science and Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh, ISMC International Soil Modeling Consortium, Institute of Bio and Geosciences Forschungszentrum Jülich, USDA-ARS : Agricultural Research Service, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Tarbiat Modares University [Tehran], Urmia University, Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA), University of Pannonia, UAE University, Jordan University of Science and Technology [Irbid, Jordan], Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés (LEHNA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centro Acadêmico do Agreste (CAA), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco [Recife] (UFPE), Hellenic Agricultural Organization, Soil and Water Resources Institute, Department of Physics (DFI), Federal University of Lavras (UFLA), University of Tehran, Makerere University (MAK), Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Innovative Groundwater Solutions, Interactions et dynamique des environnements de surface (IDES), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Saclay, Eau et Environnement (IFSTTAR/GERS/EE), Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM), Department of Earth Sciences, Institute of Geographical Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, Centre for Water Resource Systems, Institute of Hydraulic Engineering and Water Resources Management, University of Technology, University of Rostock [Germany], Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Pyrenean Institute of Ecology (CSIC), Universitat de València (UV), Mount Albert Research Station, New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Czech Technical University in Prague (CTU), The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research (NEW ZEALAND), Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans - UMR7327 (ISTO), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biogéosystèmes Continentaux - UMR7327, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering of the University of Perugia, Italy, Università degli Studi di Perugia (UNIPG), UniRedentor University Center, Embrapa Solos, Ministério da Agricultura, Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization Maragheh, Dryland Agricultural Research Institute, East Azerbaijan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education center, Scientific Member of Soil and Water Research Department, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Centre for Agricultural Research [Budapest] (ATK), Department of Natural Resources and Environment, Faculty of Agriculture, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Department of Watershed Management Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources, Life and Environmental Sciences, University of California, Geographisches Institut, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Institute of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel (CAU), ARAID Researcher, Spanish National Research Council (IPE-CSIC), Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología-CSIC (IPE-CSIC), Enginereed and Geosystems Analysis Unit, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, Soil, Water and Land Use Team, Wageningen Environmental Researc, Civil, Surveying and Environmental Engineering, University of Newcastle [Australia] (UoN), Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Agricultural and Food Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur (IIT Kharagpur), State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Research Soil Scientist, United States Department of Agriculture - Agricultural Research Service, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Slovak Academy of Science [Bratislava] (SAS), Departamento de Suelo y Agua, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Pomology Department, Estación Experimental de Aula Dei, Regional Research Station, ICAR-Central Arid Zone Research Institute, CSIRO Land and Water, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] (CSIRO), Soil Science Graduate Program (ufsm.br/ppgcs), Federal University of Santa Maria, Science and Technology of the Amazonas – IFAM, Federal Institute of Education, Environment Centre Wales, Bangor University, ENGIE, Earth and Life Institute - Environmental Sciences (ELIE), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL), Department of Environmental Sciences, Urmia Lake Research Institute, Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, 2117 TAMU, College Station, Texas A&M University System, Department of Agroecology, Research Centre Foulum, Aarhus University, Shiraz University (Shiraz University ), University of Kurdistan, University of Tabriz, Department of Hydrology, Geological Survey of Brazil (CPRM), Department of Water Resources and Environment, Soil and Water Research Department, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Sistan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Department of Soil Science, University of Saskatchewan, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences [Leuven-Heverlee], Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), GeoEnvironmental Research Group, Faculty of Philosophy and Letters, University of Extremadura, Soil Science Department, University of Panonia, Department of Soil Management, UNESCO Chair on Eremology, Ghent University, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran, Soil and Water Research Institute, Instituto de Geomorfología y Suelos, Department of Geography, Universidad de Málaga [Málaga], Department of Physical Geography, Trier University, Civil Engineering Program, Alberto Luiz Coimbra Institute for Postgraduate Studies and Research in Engineering (COPPE), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Faculty of Agriculture, United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Department of Materials and Life Science, Seikei University, Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg (GU), Rural Development Division, Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS), RiverLy (UR Riverly), Department of Agricultural and Bio-Resources Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Federal Agency for Water Management, Institute for land and water management research, Department of Water Resources, ITC Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation, Twente University, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Ardakan University, Department of Rural Engineering, University of Córdoba, Soil Physics, Embrapa Soils, Department of Soil Science, Agriculture Faculty, University of Zanja, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Department of Geography, Escuela Militar de Ingeniería (EMI), Engineering Faculty, Civil Engineering Department, Munzur University, Bureau of Economic Geology, John A. and Katherine G. Jackson School of Geosciences, University Station, University of Texas at Austin [Austin], Monitoring and Exploration Technologies, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Ludong University, ANR-11-BS56-0027,FLOODSCALE,Observation et modélisation multi-échelles pour la compréhension et la simulation des crues éclair(2011), ANR-07-VULN-0001,AVUPUR,Assessing the Vulnerability of Peri-Urban-Rivers.(2007), MEHDI RAHMATI, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, Iran/Institute of Bio- and Geosciences: Agrosphere (IBG-3), Jülich, Germany, LUTZ WEIHERMÜLLER, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences: Agrosphere (IBG-3), Jülich, Germany, SEYED HAMIDREZA SADEGHI, Tarbiat Modares University, Iran, LILI MAO, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, YAKOV A. PACHEPSKY, USDA-ARS Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, Beltsville, MD, JAN VANDERBORGHT, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences: Agrosphere (IBG-3), Jülich, Germany, NILOOFAR MOOSAVI, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences: Agrosphere (IBG-3), Jülich, Germany, HOSSEIN KHEIRFAM, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran, CARSTEN MONTZKA, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences: Agrosphere (IBG-3), Jülich, Germany, KRIS VAN LOOY, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences: Agrosphere (IBG-3), Jülich, Germany, ZEINAB HAZBAVI, Tarbiat Modares University, Iran, BRIGITTA TOTH, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary/University of Pannonia, Keszthely, Hungary, WAFA AL YAMANI, Environment Agency, Abu Dhabi, UAE, AMMAR A. ALBALASMEH, Jordan University of Science and Technology, RAFAEL ANGULO-JARAMILLO, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon, ANTÔNIO CELSO DANTAS ANTONINO, UFPE, GEORGE ARAMPATZIS, Hellenic Agricultural Organization, Soil and Water Resources Institute, Greece, ROBSON ANDRÉ ARMINDO, UFLA, HOSSEIN ASADI, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran, YAZIDHI BAMUTAZE, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda, JORDI BATLLE-AGUILAR, INRA, AgroParisTech Thiverval-Grignon, France/IDES CNRS/Université Paris-Sud, Orsay CEDEX/Innovative Groundwater Solutions (IGS), South Australia, Australia, BÉATRICE BÉCHET, IFSTTAR, GERS, France, MA'IN Z. ALGHZAWI, Jordan University of Science and Technology, FABIAN BECKER, Freie Universität Berlin, BRENT CLOTHIER, Plant and Food Research, Palmerston North, New Zealand, WIM CORNELIS, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium, CORRADO CORRADINI, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy, ARTUR PAIVA COUTINHO, UFPE, MURIEL BASTISTA DE OLIVEIRA, UniRedentor, Itaperuna, JOSE RONALDO DE MACEDO, CNPS, MATHEUS FONSECA DURÃES, UFLA, NÁNDOR FODOR, Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, GÜNTER BLÖSCHL, Centre for Water Resource Systems, TU Wien, Karlsplatz/Institute of Hydraulic Engineering and Water Resources Management, ALESSIA FLAMMINI, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium, ASGHAR FARAJNIA, East Azerbaijan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Iran, IRAJ ESKANDARI, Dryland Agricultural Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization Maragheh, East Azerbaijan, Iran, HOJAT EMAMI, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran, KLAUS BOHNE, University of Rostock, Germany, ISABELLE BRAUD, Irstea, UE RiverLy, Lyon-Villeurbanne Center, France, CLARA CASTELLANO, Pyrenean Institute of Ecology-CSIC, ARTEMI CERDÀ, University of Valencia, Spain, MAHA CHALHOUB, INRA AgroParisTech Functional Ecology and Ecotoxicology of Agroecosystems, ROGERIO CICHOTA, Plant and Food Research, Mount Albert Research Station, Auckland, New Zealand, MILENA CÍSLEROVÁ, Czech Technical University in Prague, Faculty of Civil Engineering, YVES COQUET, INRA AgroParisTech Functional Ecology and Ecotoxicology of Agroecosystems/Université d'Orléans, CNRS, Orléans, France, HAMID KELISHADI, Isfahan University of Technology, Iran, RAINER HORN, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Germany, EVANGELOS G. HATZIGIANNAKIS, Hellenic Agricultural Organization, Soil and Water Resources Institute, Greece, SIMONE GIERTZ, Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany, TEAMRAT A. GHEZZEHEI, University of California, Merced, USA, MOHAMAD HOSSEIN GHAVIMIPANAH, Tarbiat Modares University, Iran, MAMOUN GHARAIBEH, Jordan University of Science and Technology, JUAN JOSÉ JIMÉNEZ, ARAID Researcher, Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología, Spanish National Research Council, SASKIA DEBORAH KEESSTRA, Soil, Water and Land Use Team, Wageningen Environmental Research/the University of Newcastle, Australia, DIEDERIK JACQUES, Enginereed and Geosystems Analysis Unit, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, Mol, Belgium, MAHBOOBEH KIANI-HARCHEGANI, Faculty of Natural Resources, Tarbiat Modares University, Iran, MEHDI KOUSELOU, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, Iran, MADAN KUMAR JHA, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, India, LAURENT LASSABATERE, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, ENTPE, Vaulx-en-Velin, France, XIAOYAN LI, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China, MARK A. LIEBIG, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Mandan, ND, USA, DENIZ YILMAZ, Munzur University, Tunceli, Turkey, MICHAEL H. YOUNG, University of Texas at Austin, University Station, USA, HONG ZHAO, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands, HARRY VEREECKEN, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences: Agrosphere (IBG-3), Jülich, Germany/ISMC International Soil Modeling Consortium, Institute of Bio and Geosciences Forschungszentrum, Germany., MARÍA VICTORIA LÓPEZ, Departamento de Suelo y Agua, Estación Experimental de Aula Dei (EEAD), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Spain, DEEPESH MACHIWAL, ICAR-Central Arid Zone Research Institute, Regional Research Station, Gujarat, India, DIRK MALLANTS, CSIRO Land and Water, Glen Osmond, South Australia, Australia, MICAEL STOLBEN MALLMANN, UFSM, JEAN DALMO DE OLIVEIRA MARQUES, IFAM, MILES R. MARSHALL, Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Environment Centre Wales, Deiniol Road, Bangor, UK, JAN MERTENS, ENGIE Research and Technologies, Brussels, Belgium, FÉLICIEN MEUNIER, Université catholique de Louvain, Earth and Life Institute-Environmental Sciences, Louvain-la Neuve, Belgium, MOHAMMAD HOSSEIN MOHAMMADI, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran, BINAYAK P. MOHANTY, Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Texas A&M Univ., College Station, USA, MANSONIA PULIDO-MONCADA, Aarhus University, Department of Agroecology, Research Centre Foulum, Tjele, Denmark, SUZANA MONTENEGRO, UFPE, RENATO MORBIDELLI, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy, DAVID MORET-FERNÁNDEZ, Departamento de Suelo y Agua, Estación Experimental de Aula Dei (EEAD), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Spain, ALI AKBAR MOOSAVI, Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran, MOHAMMAD REZA MOSADDEGHI, Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Iran, SEYED BAHMAN MOUSAVI, Department of Soil Science and Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, Iran, HASAN MOZAFFARI, Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran, KAMAL NABIOLLAHI, Department of Soil Science and Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Iran, MOHAMMAD REZA NEYSHABOURI, Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran, MARTA VASCONCELOS OTTONI, CPRM, THEOPHILO BENEDICTO OTTONI FILHO, UFRJ, MOHAMMAD REZA PAHLAVAN-RAD, Soil and Water Research Department, Sistan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Zabol, Iran, ANDREAS PANAGOPOULOS, Hellenic Agricultural Organization, Soil and Water Resources Institute, Greece, STEPHAN PETH, Department of Soil Science, University of Kassel, Germany, PIERRE-EMMANUEL PEYNEAU, IFSTTAR, Bouguenais, France, TOMMASO PICCIAFUOCO, Centre for Water Resource Systems, Vienna, Austria/University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy, JEAN POESEN, Catholic University of Leuven, Geo-Institute, Belgium, MANUEL PULIDO, GeoEnvironmental Research Group, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain, DALVAN JOSÉ REINERT, UFSM, SABINE REINSCH, Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Environment Centre Wales, UK, MEISAM REZAEI, Department of Soil Management, UNESCO Chair on Eremology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium/Soil and Water Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran, FRANCIS PARRY ROBERTS, Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Environment Centre Wales, UK, DAVID ROBINSON, Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Environment Centre Wales, Deiniol Road, UK, JESÚS RODRIGO-COMINO, University of Málaga, Spain/Trier University, Trier, Germany, OTTO CORRÊA ROTUNNO FILHO, UFRJ, TADAOMI SAITO, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Japan, HIDEKI SUGANUMA, Seikei University, Tokyo, Japan, CARLA SALTALIPPI, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy, RENÁTA SÁNDOR, Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Hungary, BRIGITTA SCHÜTT, Freie Universität Berlin, Department of Earth Sciences, Institute of Geographical Sciences, Berlin, Germany, MANUEL SEEGER, Department of Physical Geography, Trier University, Germany, NASROLLAH SEPEHRNIA, Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran, EHSAN SHARIFI MOGHADDAM, Department of Watershed Management Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources, Tarbiat Modares University, Iran, MANOJ SHUKLA, Plant and Environmental Sciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico, USA, SHIRAKI SHUTARO, Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Science, Rural Development Division, Tsukuba, Japan, RICARDO SORANDO, Irstea, UE RiverLy, Lyon-Villeurbanne Center, France, AJAYI ASISHANA STANLEY, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Nigeria, PETER STRAUSS, Institute for Land and Water Management Research, Federal Agency for Water Management, Austria, ZHONGBO SU, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands, RUHOLLAH TAGHIZADEH-MEHRJARDI, Ardakan University, Ardakan, Yazd Province, Iran, ENCARNACIÓN TAGUAS, University of Córdoba, Spain, WENCESLAU GERALDES TEIXEIRA, CNPS, ALI REZA VAEZI, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran, MEHDI VAFAKHAH, Tarbiat Modares University, Iran, YING ZHAO, Ludong University, China, YIJIAN ZENG, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands, STEFFEN ZACHARIAS, UFZ Helmholtz Centre for Environment Research, Monitoring and Exploration Technologies, Leipzig, Germany, LUBOMÍR LICHNER, Institute of Hydrology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia, TOMAS VOGEL, Czech Technical University in Prague, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Czech Republic, IRIS VOGELER, Plant and Food Research, Mount Albert Research Station, Auckland, New Zealand, JANA VOTRUBOVA, Czech Technical University in Prague, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Czech Republic, STEFFEN WERNER, Department of Geography, Ruhr University Bochum, Germany, THIERRY WINARSKI, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, ENTPE, Vaulx-en-Velin, France, Jülich Research Centre, European Commission, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Czech Science Foundation, Slovak Research and Development Agency, Rahmati, Mehdi, López Sánchez, María Victoria, Moret-Fernández, David, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Rahmati, Mehdi [0000-0001-5547-6442], López Sánchez, María Victoria [0000-0003-4113-0381], Moret-Fernández, David [0000-0002-6674-0453], Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association-Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Hellenic Agricultural Organization Demeter (HAO Demeter), Makerere University [Kampala, Ouganda] (MAK), University of Rostock, Plant & Food Research, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University [Blacksburg], Beijing Normal University (BNU), Slovak Academy of Sciences (SAS), Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), Aarhus University [Aarhus], Universidad de Málaga [Málaga] = University of Málaga [Málaga], Programa de Engenharia Civil (COC/COPPE-UFRJ), Instituto Alberto Luiz Coimbra de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa de Engenharia (COPPE-UFRJ), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ)-Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Ahmadu Bello University, Helmholtz Zentrum für Umweltforschung = Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), College of Resources and Environmental Engineering [Yantai], Department of Water Resources, UT-I-ITC-WCC, and Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation
Subjects: Condutividade Hidráulica, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 0208 environmental biotechnology, 02 engineering and technology, Silt, computer.software_genre, Soil, RING INFILTROMETERS, 900 Geschichte und Geografie::910 Geografie, Reisen::910 Geografie, Reisen, Hydraulic conductivity, ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY, Agricultural land, ddc:550, Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences, SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY, Geosciences, Multidisciplinary, database, lcsh:Environmental sciences, 2. Zero hunger, lcsh:GE1-350, Database, IN-SITU, lcsh:QE1-996.5, Geology, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, PE&RC, Pedo-transfer functions, 6. Clean water, Infiltration (hydrology), HYDROPHYSICAL PARAMETERS, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Physical Sciences, INFILTRATION GLOBAL DATABASE, Hidrologia, PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES, SANDY SOIL, TENSION INFILTROMETER, Ecology and Environment, Pedotransfer function, PEDOTRANSFER FUNCTIONS, Life Science, SOIL INFILTRATION MEASUREMENTS, Land surface models, Soil Water Infiltration Global database, ANALYSIS OF THE SOIL WATER, Science & Technology, Land use, Infiltration, 15. Life on land, 020801 environmental engineering, Infiltração, lcsh:Geology, Solo, Infiltration, Land surface models, Land use, Pedo-transfer functions, SWIG, Agriculture and Soil Science, Data quality, ITC-ISI-JOURNAL-ARTICLE, Earth and Environmental Sciences, INFILTROMETER MEASUREMENTS, Soil water, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Environmental science, Hydrology, ITC-GOLD, computer
Abstract: 27 Pags.- 11 Tabls.- 8 Figs. © Author(s) 2018. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License., In this paper, we present and analyze a novel global database of soil infiltration measurements, the Soil Water Infiltration Global (SWIG) database. In total, 5023 infiltration curves were collected across all continents in the SWIG database. These data were either provided and quality checked by the scientists who performed the experiments or they were digitized from published articles. Data from 54 different countries were included in the database with major contributions from Iran, China, and the USA. In addition to its extensive geographical coverage, the collected infiltration curves cover research from 1976 to late 2017. Basic information on measurement location and method, soil properties, and land use was gathered along with the infiltration data, making the database valuable for the development of pedotransfer functions (PTFs) for estimating soil hydraulic properties, for the evaluation of infiltration measurement methods, and for developing and validating infiltration models. Soil textural information (clay, silt, and sand content) is available for 3842 out of 5023 infiltration measurements ( ∼ 76%) covering nearly all soil USDA textural classes except for the sandy clay and silt classes. Information on land use is available for 76 % of the experimental sites with agricultural land use as the dominant type (∼ 40%). We are convinced that the SWIG database will allow for a better parameterization of the infiltration process in land surface models and for testing infiltration models. All collected data and related soil characteristics are provided online in *.xlsx and *.csv formats for reference, and we add a disclaimer that the database is for public domain use only and can be copied freely by referencing it. Supplementary data are available at https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.885492 (Rahmati et al., 2018). Data quality assessment is strongly advised prior to any use of this database. Finally, we would like to encourage scientists to extend and update the SWIG database by uploading new data to it., First author thanks the International and Scientific Cooperation Office of the University of Maragheh, Iran, as well as the research committee and board members of the university for their assistance in conducting the current work. The financial support received from the Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH is gratefully acknowledged by the first author. Parts of the database were made available through research work carried out in the framework of LIFE+ projects funded by the EC. The support of the Spanish Ministry of Economy through project CGL2014-53017-C2-1-R is acknowledged. The support of the Czech Science Foundation through project no. 16-05665S is acknowledged. The support of the Slovak Research and Development Agency through project no. APVV-15-0160 is acknowledged.
Published: 2018

8. SMOSHiLat: Microwave L-band emissions of organic-rich soils in the northern cold climate zone in support of the SMOS mission

Author: Bircher, Simone, Richaume, Philippe, Demontoux, François, Mahmoodi, Ali, Jonard, François, Weihermüller, Lutz, Andreasen, Mie, Ikonen, Jaakko, Vehviläinen, Juho, Razafindratsima, Stephen, Rautiainen, Kimmo, Schwank, Mike, Mialon, Arnaud, Wigneron, J.-P., Kerr, Yann, Centre d'études spatiales de la biosphère (CESBIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de l'intégration, du matériau au système (IMS), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Bordeaux (UB), Institute of Bio- and Geosciences Agrosphere (IBG-3), Research Center Jülich, Germany, ∗Agrosphere (IBG-3), Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences [Jülich] (IBG), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH-Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH-Institute of Bio- and Geosciences [Jülich] (IBG), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH-Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences Agrosphere (IBG-3), Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management [Copenhagen] (IGN), Faculty of Science [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), Department of Computer Science [ETH Zürich] (D-INFK), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zürich [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Écologie fonctionnelle et physique de l'environnement (EPHYSE - UR1263), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro), European Space Agency (ESA). INT., Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), and Écologie fonctionnelle et physique de l'environnement (EPHYSE)
Subjects: [SPI.ELEC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electromagnetism, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, [SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience; L-band microwave (1.4 GHz) brightness temperature (TB) observations of the Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) satellite are used to retrieve global soil moisture data, taking advantage of the large difference between the dielectric constant of dry soil and water. The retrieval is based on the L-band Microwave Emission of the Biosphere (L-MEB) model using tuning parameters derived from study sites in dry and temperate climate zones. Thus, the aim of the SMOSHiLat project (ESA’s STSE Changing Earth Science Network) is to improve our understanding of L-band emissions and supporting SMOS data quality in more northern climate zones covered by pronounced organic surface layers. A database is created including L-band TB and dielectric constant measurements of organic-rich soils, mainly from (1) Sodankylä, Finland (Finish Meteorological Institute), and (2) Gludsted, Denmark (HOBE). Additional organic samples are available from Islay, Scotland, and the West Siberian Plain, Russia. The L-band dielectric constant measurements conducted at the IMS Laboratory (Bordeaux, France), show no distinct variability between a range of humus types encountered in the four regions. Due to the increased bound water fraction in porous organic material dielectric constants are consistently lower than measured in the underlying sandy mineral soils. Hence, one function was fitted through all organic soil moisture – dielectric constant couples, and tested in L-MEB by means of the tower-based ELBARA radiometer dataset acquired at the Research Center Jülich using Danish organic-rich soil. The derived relation proved satisfactory, and consequently, was implemented in the SMOS Soil Moisture Level 2 Prototype Processor (SML2PP). First runs were conducted over the Sodankylä test site and compared with retrieved soil moisture using the Dobson and Mironov dielectric mixing models. Results demonstrated significantly wetter retrieved soil moisture when using the organic fit function. This is in better agreement with an in situ surface soil moisture network average from measurements specifically calibrated for organic material and representative for prevailing land cover and soil types. Further test runs over other sites are planned in the near future. In this presentation, the SMOSHiLat project will be presented with special focus on the SML2PP studies.
Published: 2015

9. Analysis of the behavior of microwave L-band emissions of organic-rich soils in the northern cold climate zone in support of the SMOS mission

Author: Bircher, Simone, Demontoux, François, Jonard, François, Razafindratsima, Stephen, Richaume, P., Weihermüller, Lutz, Mialon, Arnaud, Andreasen, Mie, Rautiainen, Kimmo, Schwank, Mike, Wigneron, J.-P., Kerr, Yann, Centre d'études spatiales de la biosphère (CESBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de l'intégration, du matériau au système (IMS), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Bio- and Geosciences Agrosphere (IBG-3), Research Center Jülich, Germany, ∗Agrosphere (IBG-3), Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences [Jülich] (IBG), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association-Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association-Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association-Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association-Institute of Bio- and Geosciences [Jülich] (IBG), Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association-Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences Agrosphere (IBG-3), Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management [Copenhagen] (IGN), Faculty of Science [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), Department of Computer Science [ETH Zürich] (D-INFK), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Écologie fonctionnelle et physique de l'environnement (EPHYSE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH-Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH-Institute of Bio- and Geosciences [Jülich] (IBG), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH-Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zürich [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), and Écologie fonctionnelle et physique de l'environnement (EPHYSE - UR1263)
Subjects: [SPI.ELEC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electromagnetism, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2014

10. Soil moisture and dielectric constant measurements of organic soils in the higher northern latitudes in support of the SMOS mission

Author: Bircher, Simone, Razafindratsima, Stephen, Demontoux, François, Andreasen, Mie, Vuollet, Johanna, Rautiainen, Kimmo, Jonard, François, Weihermüller, Lutz, Richaume, Philippe, Mialon, Arnaud, Wigneron, Jean-Pierre, Kerr, Yann H., Centre d'études spatiales de la biosphère (CESBIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de l'intégration, du matériau au système (IMS), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Bordeaux (UB), Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management [Copenhagen] (IGN), Faculty of Science [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), Institute of Bio- and Geosciences Agrosphere (IBG-3), Research Center Jülich, Germany, ∗Agrosphere (IBG-3), Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences [Jülich] (IBG), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH-Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH-Institute of Bio- and Geosciences [Jülich] (IBG), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH-Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences Agrosphere (IBG-3), Écologie fonctionnelle et physique de l'environnement (EPHYSE - UR1263), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB), University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro), Université McGill [Montréal]. CAN., Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Écologie fonctionnelle et physique de l'environnement (EPHYSE)
Subjects: [SPI.ELEC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electromagnetism, Electromagnetism, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Signal and Image processing, Traitement du signal et de l'image, Electromagnétisme, Milieux et Changements globaux, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, [SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2014

11. Integrated approach for effective permittivity estimation of multi-layered soils at L-band

Author: Simone Bircher, Jean-Pierre Wigneron, Stephen Razafindratsima, Yann Kerr, Mike Schwank, François Jonard, François Demontoux, Laboratoire de l'intégration, du matériau au système (IMS), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), 4. Institute of Bio- and Geosciences Agrosphere (IBG-3), Research Center Jülich, Germany, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences Agrosphere (IBG-3), Research Center Jülich-Research Center Jülich, Centre d'études spatiales de la biosphère (CESBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IMS Laboratory, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Écologie fonctionnelle et physique de l'environnement (EPHYSE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Avalanche Research WSL, Écologie fonctionnelle et physique de l'environnement (EPHYSE - UR1263), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, Gamma Remote Sensing, Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro), and IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Society (GRSS). USA.
Subjects: Permittivity, L band, GPR, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Soil science, Context (language use), law.invention, Physics::Geophysics, law, moisture, L Band, Radar, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Physics::Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics, organic soil, Remote sensing, Radiometer, Soil organic matter, dielectric constants, 15. Life on land, Physics::Classical Physics, radiometer, [SPI.ELEC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electromagnetism, 13. Climate action, Ground-penetrating radar, Soil water, Environmental science
Abstract: International audience; Energy and matter fluxes between the atmosphere and the land surface are affected by hydrological states of the terrestrial land surface . We must increase our knowledge of these transfer processes to improve research on climate change. To reach these objectives, we must obtained global information on the hydrological states and properties of the land-surface. The microwave remote sensing instruments are an adequate way to provide soil moisture information at large scale. Microwave remote sensing data are linked to the soil moisture but also to the roughness, texture and the physicochemical properties of the soil. In that context, the objective of this study is to develop an integrated approach to estimate effective electromagnetic properties of soils layers using ground-penetrating radar (GPR), L-band radiometer, dielectric laboratory measurements, modelling approaches and in situ measurements of essential state variables.
Published: 2014

12. Towards an improved soil moisture retrieval for organic-rich soils from SMOS passive microwave L-band observations

Author: Bircher, Simone, Richaume, Philippe, Mahmoodi, Ali, Mialon, Arnaud, FERNANDEZ MORAN, Roberto, Wigneron, Jean Pierre, Demontoux, François, Jonard, François, Weihermüller, Lutz, Andreasen, Mie, Rautiainen, Kimmo, Ikonen, Jaakko, Moreaux, Virginie, Kim, Yongwon, Lee, Bang-Yong, Suzuki, Rikie, Ichikawa, Hiroki, Oechel, Walter, Belelli Marchesini, Luca, Dolman, A J (Han), Su, Zhongbo, Schwank, Mike, Drusch, Matthias, Kerr, Yann H., Centre d'études spatiales de la biosphère (CESBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro), Laboratoire de l'intégration, du matériau au système (IMS), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Bordeaux (UB), Institute of Bio- and Geosciences Agrosphere (IBG-3), Research Center Jülich, Germany, ∗Agrosphere (IBG-3), Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences [Jülich] (IBG), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association-Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association-Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association-Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association-Institute of Bio- and Geosciences [Jülich] (IBG), Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association-Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences Agrosphere (IBG-3), Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management [Copenhagen] (IGN), Faculty of Science [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), Ecologie et Ecophysiologie Forestières [devient SILVA en 2018] (EEF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL), International Arctic Research Center (IARC), University of Alaska [Fairbanks] (UAF), Arctic Research Centre of Finnish Meteorological Institute, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Laboratoire de Sciences de la Terre (LST), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Global Change Research Group, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Vrije universiteit = Free university of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (VU), Potsdam University, Universität Potsdam, European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC), European Space Agency (ESA), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (VU), University of Potsdam = Universität Potsdam, Agence Spatiale Européenne = European Space Agency (ESA), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (ISPA), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH-Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH-Institute of Bio- and Geosciences [Jülich] (IBG), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH-Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), and VU University Amsterdam
Subjects: [SPI.ELEC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electromagnetism, [SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2014

13. Approche globale de caractérisation du comportement électromagnétique des sols en bande L - Application au suivi par télédétection spatiale de l'humidité des sols

Author: Demontoux, François, Bircher, Simone, Razafindratsima, Stephen, Jonard, François, Wigneron, Jean-Pierre, Weihermüller, Lutz, Schwank, Mike, Kerr, Yann H., Laboratoire de l'intégration, du matériau au système (IMS), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'études spatiales de la biosphère (CESBIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IMS Laboratory, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), 4. Institute of Bio- and Geosciences Agrosphere (IBG-3), Research Center Jülich, Germany, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences Agrosphere (IBG-3), Research Center Jülich-Research Center Jülich, Écologie fonctionnelle et physique de l'environnement (EPHYSE - UR1263), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institute of Bio- and Geosciences Agrosphere (IBG-3), Research Center Jülich, Germany, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Avalanche Research WSL, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Écologie fonctionnelle et physique de l'environnement (EPHYSE), Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, ANR-11-LABX-0010,DRIIHM / IRDHEI,Dispositif de recherche interdisciplinaire sur les Interactions Hommes-Milieux(2011), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, and Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association
Subjects: [SPI.ELEC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electromagnetism, GPR, moisture, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, dielectric constants, L Band, radiometer, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Physics::Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics, organic soil, Physics::Geophysics
Abstract: International audience; Energy and matter fluxes between the atmosphere and the land surface are affected by hydrological states of the terrestrial land surface . We must increase our knowledge of these transfer processes to improve research on climate change. To reach these objectives, we must obtained global information on the hydrological states and properties of the land-surface. The microwave remote sensing instruments are an adequate way to provide soil moisture information at large scale. Microwave remote sensing data are linked to the soil moisture but also to the roughness, texture and the physicochemical properties of the soil. In that context, the objective of this study is to develop an integrated approach to estimate effective electromagnetic properties of soils layers using ground-penetrating radar (GPR), L-band radiometer, dielectric laboratory measurements, modelling approaches and in situ measurements of essential state variables.
Published: 2014

14. A framework for modelling soil structure dynamics induced by biological activity

Author: Astrid Taylor, Claire Chenu, Paul D. Hallett, Anke M. Herrmann, John Koestel, Harry Vereecken, Nicholas Jarvis, Katharina H. E. Meurer, Thomas Keller, Elsa Coucheney, Mats Larsbo, Jennie Barron, Matthew Fielding, David Parsons, Nargish Parvin, Dani Or, Elisabet Lewan, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Stockholm Environment Institute, School of Biological Sciences [Aberdeen], University of Aberdeen, Agroscope, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Department of Agricultural Research for Northern Sweden, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Skogsmarksgränd, 90183 Umeå, Sweden., Institute of Bio- and Geosciences Agrosphere (IBG-3), Research Center Jülich, Swedish Research Council Formas, and UK Research & Innovation (UKRI)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Water retention curve, Soil biology, Earth science, biological processes, degradation, dynamics, modelling, soil, structure, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, complex mixtures, Soil retrogression and degradation, Animals, Environmental Chemistry, Oligochaeta, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science, 2. Zero hunger, Global and Planetary Change, Ecology, Research Review, Agriculture, Plants, 15. Life on land, Tillage, Soil structure, 13. Climate action, Erosion, Environmental science, Soil horizon, Bioturbation
Abstract: Soil degradation is a worsening global phenomenon driven by socio‐economic pressures, poor land management practices and climate change. A deterioration of soil structure at timescales ranging from seconds to centuries is implicated in most forms of soil degradation including the depletion of nutrients and organic matter, erosion and compaction. New soil–crop models that could account for soil structure dynamics at decadal to centennial timescales would provide insights into the relative importance of the various underlying physical (e.g. tillage, traffic compaction, swell/shrink and freeze/thaw) and biological (e.g. plant root growth, soil microbial and faunal activity) mechanisms, their impacts on soil hydrological processes and plant growth, as well as the relevant timescales of soil degradation and recovery. However, the development of such a model remains a challenge due to the enormous complexity of the interactions in the soil–plant system. In this paper, we focus on the impacts of biological processes on soil structure dynamics, especially the growth of plant roots and the activity of soil fauna and microorganisms. We first define what we mean by soil structure and then review current understanding of how these biological agents impact soil structure. We then develop a new framework for modelling soil structure dynamics, which is designed to be compatible with soil–crop models that operate at the soil profile scale and for long temporal scales (i.e. decades, centuries). We illustrate the modelling concept with a case study on the role of root growth and earthworm bioturbation in restoring the structure of a severely compacted soil., This photograph, depicting ant bioturbation, was taken at the compaction recovery experiment at Agroscope, Zurich, Switzerland. Together with other biological processes, faunal bioturbation profoundly influences soil structure and thus soil physical and hydraulic properties, hydrological processes and plant growth. The parsimonious model concept developed in this paper, which is designed to be compatible with profile‐scale soil–crop models, allows simulation of the effects of biological agents (e.g. plant roots and soil‐living organisms) on soil structure dynamics.
Published: 2020

15. KEYLINK: towards a more integrative soil representation for inclusion in ecosystem scale models. I. review and model concept

Author: Juan J. Jiménez, Beat Frey, Elena Vanguelova, Andrea Schnepf, Sébastien Barot, Maarja Öpik, Daniel P. Rasse, Maria J. I. Briones, Gaby Deckmyn, Tine Grebenc, Harry Vereecken, Kris Van Looy, Alexei V. Uvarov, Mathias Mayer, Jorge Curiel Yuste, Oskar Franklin, Paul Henning Krogh, Aline Frossard, Alexei V. Tiunov, Ivika Ostonen, Matty P. Berg, Katrin Kuka, Jan Frouz, Laura M. Suz, Olga Vindušková, Mathieu Javaux, Xavier Domene, Omar Flores, Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien = University of Natural Resources and Life [Vienne, Autriche] (BOKU), University of Barcelona, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, Julius Kühn-Institut - Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants (JKI), OVAM MECHELEN BEL, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Universidade de Vigo, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES Paris ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Systems Ecology, Department of Ecological Science, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Forest Research [Great Britain], Institute of Bio- and Geosciences Agrosphere (IBG-3), Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association-Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS), Charles University [Prague] (CU), Slovenian Forestry Institute, Conservation Ecology Group, Animal Ecology, and UCL - SST/ELI/ELIE - Environmental Sciences
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Root system, talna biota, lcsh:Medicine, hydrology, Ecosystem Science, 01 natural sciences, 2511.06 Conservación de Suelos, Soil Organic Matter, Soil biota, udc:630*1, PSD, 2. Zero hunger, Ecology, General Neuroscience, Environmental resource management, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, General Medicine, velikosti por, 2511 Ciencias del Suelo (Edafología), Root water uptake, Pore size distribution (PSD), [SDE]Environmental Sciences, pedofavna, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, soil fauna, Engineering sciences. Technology, Nutrient cycle, Soil biology, distribucija, Soil Science, Genetics and Molecular Biology, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Ecosystem engineer, soil biota, Soil fauna, pore size distribution, Soil food web, hidrologija, Ecosystem, ddc:610, ecosystem, ekosistem, model, Soil organic matter (SOM), business.industry, Soil organic matter, lcsh:R, Soil carbon, 15. Life on land, SOM, Soil structure, 13. Climate action, General Biochemistry, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, 2508 Hidrología, Hydrology, business, 010606 plant biology & botany, Model
Abstract: Altres ajuts: COST Actions BIOLINK (FP1305) and KEYSOM (ES 1406). Jorge Curiel Yuste received funding by the Basque Government through the BERC 2018-2021 program. The relatively poor simulation of the below-ground processes is a severe drawback for many ecosystem models, especially when predicting responses to climate change and management. For a meaningful estimation of ecosystem production and the cycling of water, energy, nutrients and carbon, the integration of soil processes and the exchanges at the surface is crucial. It is increasingly recognized that soil biota play an important role in soil organic carbon and nutrient cycling, shaping soil structure and hydrological properties through their activity, and in water and nutrient uptake by plants through mycorrhizal processes. In this article, we review the main soil biological actors (microbiota, fauna and roots) and their effects on soil functioning. We review to what extent they have been included in soil models and propose which of them could be included in ecosystem models. We show that the model representation of the soil food web, the impact of soil ecosystem engineers on soil structure and the related effects on hydrology and soil organic matter (SOM) stabilization are key issues in improving ecosystem-scale soil representation in models. Finally, we describe a new core model concept (KEYLINK) that integrates insights from SOM models, structural models and food web models to simulate the living soil at an ecosystem scale.
Published: 2020

16. Iron isotope fractionation in soil and graminaceous crops after 100 years of liming in the long‐term agricultural experimental site at Berlin‐Dahlem, Germany

Author: Kathlin Schweitzer, Yi Wang, Anne E. Berns, Wulf Amelung, Roland Bol, Sara L. Bauke, Bei Wu, Wang, Yi, 1 Institute of Bio‐ and Geosciences: Agrosphere (IBG‐3) Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Jülich Germany, Berns, Anne E., Schweitzer, Kathlin, 2 Department of Crop and Animal Sciences Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin Berlin Germany, Bauke, Sara L., 3 Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, Soil Science and Soil Ecology University of Bonn Bonn Germany, Bol, Roland, and Amelung, Wulf
Subjects: Topsoil, 551.9, plant‐available Fe pool in soil, Chemistry, liming, Bulk soil, Soil Science, complex mixtures, 550 Geowissenschaften, Isotope fractionation, Pedogenesis, Soil pH, Environmental chemistry, Soil water, ddc:550, Soil horizon, winter rye, Subsoil, δ56Fe
Abstract: Sustainable arable cropping relies on repeated liming. Yet, the associated increase in soil pH can reduce the availability of iron (Fe) to plants. We hypothesized that repeated liming, but not pedogenic processes such as lessivage (i.e., translocation of clay particles), alters the Fe cycle in Luvisol soil, thereby affecting Fe isotope composition in soils and crops. Hence, we analysed Fe concentrations and isotope compositions in soil profiles and winter rye from the long‐term agricultural experimental site in Berlin‐Dahlem, Germany, where a controlled liming trial with three field replicates per treatment has been conducted on Albic Luvisols since 1923. Heterogeneity in subsoil was observed at this site for Fe concentration but not for Fe isotope composition. Lessivage had not affected Fe isotope composition in the soil profiles. The results also showed that almost 100 years of liming lowered the concentration of the HCl‐extractable Fe that was potentially available for plant uptake in the surface soil (0–15 cm) from 1.03 (standard error (SE) 0.03) to 0.94 (SE 0.01) g kg−1. This HCl‐extractable Fe pool contained isotopically lighter Fe (δ56Fe = −0.05 to −0.29‰) than the bulk soil (δ56Fe = −0.08 to 0.08‰). However, its Fe isotope composition was not altered by the long‐term lime application. Liming resulted in relatively lower Fe concentrations in the roots of winter rye. In addition, liming led to a heavier Fe isotope composition of the whole plants compared with those grown in the non‐limed plots (δ56FeWholePlant_ + Lime = −0.12‰, SE 0.03 vs. δ56FeWholePlant_‐Lime = −0.21‰, SE 0.01). This suggests that the elevated soil pH (increased by one unit due to liming) promoted the Fe uptake strategy through complexation of Fe(III) from the rhizosphere, which favoured heavier Fe isotopes. Overall, the present study showed that liming and a related increase in pH did not affect the Fe isotope compositions of the soil, but may influence the Fe isotope composition of plants grown in the soil if they alter their Fe uptake strategy upon the change of Fe availability. Highlights Fe concentrations and stocks, but not Fe isotope compositions, were more heterogeneous in subsoil than in topsoil. Translocation of clay minerals did not result in Fe isotope fractionation in the soil profile of a Luvisol. Liming decreased Fe availability in topsoil, but did not affect its δ56Fe values. Uptake of heavier Fe isotopes by graminaceous crops was more pronounced at elevated pH., Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100002347
Published: 2020

17. CPlantBox, a whole-plant modelling framework for the simulation of water- and carbon-related processes

Author: Harry Vereecken, Guillaume Lobet, André Lacointe, Jan Vanderborght, Andrea Schnepf, Xiao-Ran Zhou, Daniel Leitner, Agrosphere, IBG-3, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association-Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, Simulationswerkstatt, Leonding, Laboratoire de Physique et Physiologie Intégratives de l’Arbre en environnement Fluctuant (PIAF), Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institute of Bio- and Geosciences Agrosphere (IBG-3), Earth and Life Institute [Louvain-La-Neuve] (ELI), Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), Simulationswerkstatt, Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Agrosphere, and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, DYNAMICS, XYLEM, FLOW, chemistry.chemical_element, PHLOEM TRANSPORT, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, High complexity, Architecture, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, ROOT-SYSTEM, PROCESSES, 030304 developmental biology, GROWTH-MODEL, Flexibility (engineering), 0303 health sciences, ARCHITECTURE, Science & Technology, SINK, PHOTOSYNTHESIS, fungi, Plant Sciences, Shoot, Experimental data, food and beverages, Water, Agriculture, ENVIRONMENTAL-CONTROL, Plant, 15. Life on land, Agronomy, Carbon, Variety (cybernetics), chemistry, Coupling (computer programming), Root, Environmental science, Biochemical engineering, Plant Structures, Mathematical & Computational Biology, ddc:004, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, 010606 plant biology & botany, CPlantBox, Model
Abstract: The interaction between carbon and flows within the plant is at the center of most growth and developmental processes. Understanding how these fluxes influence each other, and how they respond to heterogeneous environmental conditions, is important to answer diverse questions in forest, agriculture and environmental sciences. However, due to the high complexity of the plant-environment system, specific tools are needed to perform such quantitative analyses.Here we present CPlantBox, full plant modelling framework based on the root system model CRootBox. CPlantbox is capable of simulating the growth and development of a variety of plant architectures (root and shoot). In addition, the flexibility of CPlantBox enables its coupling with external modeling tools. Here, we connected it to an existing mechanistic model of water and carbon flows in the plant, PiafMunch.The usefulness of the CPlantBox modelling framework is exemplified in four case studies. Firstly, we illustrate the range of plant structures that can be simulated using CPlantBox. In the second example, we simulated diurnal carbon and water flows, which corroborates published experimental data. In the third case study, we simulated impacts of heterogeneous environment on carbon and water flows. Finally, we showed that our modelling framework can be used to fit phloem pressure and flow speed to (published) experimental data.The CPlantBox modelling framework is open-source, highly accessible and flexible. Its aim is to provide a quantitative framework for the understanding of plant-environment interaction.
Published: 2020

18. Spectral induced polarization of calcite precipitation in a 2D porous medium

Author: Izumoto, Satoshi, Huisman, Johan Alexander, Zimmermann, Egon, Méheust, Yves, Gomez, Francesco, Heyman, Joris, Laniel, Romain, Vereecken, Harry, Le Borgne, Tanguy, Agrosphere Institute, IBG-3, Institute of Bio-geosciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association-Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences Agrosphere (IBG-3), Géosciences Rennes (GR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique de Rennes (IPR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), American Geophysical Union, Dubigeon, Isabelle, Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [PHYS]Physics [physics], [SDU.STU] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, [PHYS] Physics [physics]
Abstract: International audience; Induced calcite precipitation is used in geotechnics to modify the mechanical and hydrological properties of the underground. It also is an interesting model system to investigate mixing-induced geochemical reactions occurring in a range of hydrological systems. Laboratory experiments have shown that spectral induced polarization (SIP) measurements can detect calcite precipitation. However, most previous studies have only shown qualitatively how the SIP response changes due to calcite precipitation. This study aims to quantify the relationship between SIP response and calcite precipitation. For this, a 2D cell with a synthetic porous medium was developed so as to allow visualizing the dynamics of calcite precipitation while making SIP measurements. Here, calcite precipitation was generated by injecting Na2CO3 and CaCl2 solutions through two different inlets for 40 hours. During injection, the development of precipitation in the region where the two injected fluids mix, was monitored with a camera. Calcite crystal growth was observed with a microscope at selected locations. The SIP response was measured in three regions of the cell. The imaging results showed that calcite precipitation mainly occurred in the first 15 hours, likely because formation of the precipitate at the location of the mixing front inhibited further reactions. The SIP response near the injection started to increase after 5 hours, while the SIP response far from the injection started to increase after 15 hours. Although there was almost no visual change in the precipitation after 15 hours, the SIP response continued to increase for a much longer time, up to high values of 65 to 100 mrad depending on the position in the cell. These results suggest that the mass of calcite precipitation does not necessarily control the SIP response of calcite, but that other factors such as kinetic changes in the electric double layer of the precipitates may be important. Additionally, the peak phase was higher for the region near the injection, which is in agreement with the smaller size of the crystals determined from microscope images in this region. Our results highlight that the novel setup that combines a cell containing a 2D porous medium with SIP measurements can be successfully used to infer how calcite precipitation affects the SIP response in a dynamic system.
Published: 2019

19. Infiltration from the Pedon to Global Grid Scales: An Overview and Outlook for Land Surface Modeling

Author: Vereecken, Harry, Weihermüller, Lutz, Assouline, Shmuel, Verhoef, Anne, Herbst, Michael, Archer, Nicole, Mohanty, Binayak, Montzka, Carsten, Vanderborght, Jan, Balsamo, Gianpaolo, Bechtold, Michel, Boone, Aaron, Chadburn, Sarah, Cuntz, Matthias, Decharme, Bertrand, Ducharne, Agnès, Ek, Michael, Garrigues, Sébastien, Goergen, Klaus, Ingwersen, Joachim, Kollet, Stefan, Lawrence, David, Li, Qian, Or, Dani, Swenson, Sean, de Vrese, Philipp, Walko, Robert, Wu, Yihua, Xue, Yongkang, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences Agrosphere (IBG-3), Department of Soil Science, University of Reading (UOR), ISMC International Soil Modeling Consortium, Institute of Bio and Geosciences Forschungszentrum Jülich, European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences [Exeter] (EMPS), University of Exeter, Ecologie et Ecophysiologie Forestières [devient SILVA en 2018] (EEF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Milieux Environnementaux, Transferts et Interactions dans les hydrosystèmes et les Sols (METIS), École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, University of Tromsø (UiT), Centre d'études spatiales de la biosphère (CESBIO), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Universität Bonn = University of Bonn, Institute of Soil Science and Land Evaluation, Universität Stuttgart, Centre for High-Performance Scientific Computing in Terrestrial Systems, HPSC TerrSys, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association-Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, Victoria University of Wellington, Department of Geography [Los Angeles], University of California [Los Angeles] (UCLA), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Météo France-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Bonn, and University of California-University of California
Subjects: SWR, pedotransfer function, global climate model, land surface model, FTC, freeze-thaw cycle, GCM, pdf, boundary condition, PDM, probability density function, Abbreviations: BC, soil water repellency, LSM, [SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, PTF, common land model, probability-distributed model, CLM
Abstract: International audience; Infiltration in soils is a key process that partitions precipitation at the land surface into surface runoff and water that enters the soil profile. We reviewed the basic principles of water infiltration in soils and we analyzed approaches commonly used in land surface models (LSMs) to quantify infiltration as well as its numerical implementation and sensitivity to model parameters. We reviewed methods to upscale infiltration from the point to the field, hillslope, and grid cell scales of LSMs. Despite the progress that has been made, upscaling of local-scale infiltration processes to the grid scale used in LSMs is still far from being treated rigorously. We still lack a consistent theoretical framework to predict effective fluxes and parameters that control infiltration in LSMs. Our analysis shows that there is a large variety of approaches used to estimate soil hydraulic properties. Novel, highly resolved soil information at higher resolutions than the grid scale of LSMs may help in better quantifying subgrid variability of key infiltration parameters. Currently, only a few LSMs consider the impact of soil structure on soil hydraulic properties. Finally, we identified several processes not yet considered in LSMs that are known to strongly influence infiltration. Especially, the impact of soil structure on infiltration requires further research. To tackle these challenges and integrate current knowledge on soil processes affecting infiltration processes into LSMs, we advocate a stronger exchange and scientific interaction between the soil and the land surface modeling communities.
Published: 2019

20. Spectral induced polarization of low-pH cement and concrete

Author: Andreas Hördt, Johan Alexander Huisman, Egon Zimmermann, Stéphane Gaboreau, Hermann Stebner, Francis Claret, Philippe Leroy, Matthias Bücker, Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), Technische Universität Braunschweig = Technical University of Braunschweig [Braunschweig], Agrosphere Institute, IBG-3, Institute of Bio-geosciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association-Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, Vienna University of Technology (TU Wien), and Institute of Bio- and Geosciences Agrosphere (IBG-3)
Subjects: Cement, Pore size, Materials science, Spectral induced polarisation, 0211 other engineering and technologies, Radioactive waste, 02 engineering and technology, Building and Construction, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Polarization (waves), 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, ddc:690, Electrical resistivity and conductivity, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], 021105 building & construction, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, General Materials Science, Composite material, Porosity, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Voltage
Abstract: Concrete is the most used material for civil and industrial infrastructures. In the context of a geological disposal of nuclear waste, concrete performance may be degraded when in contact with the host formation. The ability to monitor the changes of the concrete properties using the spectral induced polarization (SIP) method is therefore of great interest. In our study, SIP laboratory measurements in the 100 mHz to 45 kHz frequency range were carried out on low-pH cement and concrete. These materials exhibited a very high resistivity (mostly above 10 kΩ m) and a high phase shift (mostly above 100 mrad) between measured voltage and injected current. The complex resistivity measurements were interpreted using electrochemical and microstructural membrane and Maxwell-Wagner polarization models. Relevant information on the mean pore size, pore size distribution, and connected porosity was obtained from SIP, opening up the possibility of using our approach to monitor concrete stability in-situ.
Published: 2019

21. Invigorating Hydrological Research through Journal Publications

Author: Alberto Viglione, Upmanu Lall, Martyn P. Clark, Christophe Cudennec, Juraj Parajka, Erwin Zehe, Attilio Castellarin, Nevil Quinn, Christa D. Peters-Lidard, Keith Smettem, Lubomir Lichner, Ross Woods, Günter Blöschl, Chong-Yu Xu, Harry Vereecken, Graham C. Sander, András Bárdossy, Demetris Koutsoyiannis, Hubert H. G. Savenije, Andrew W. Wood, Patrick Willems, Quinn, Nevil, Blöschl, Günter, Bárdossy, Andrá, Castellarin, Attilio, Clark, Martyn, Cudennec, Christophe, Koutsoyiannis, Demetri, Lall, Upmanu, Lichner, Lubomir, Parajka, Juraj, Peters-Lidard, Christa D., Sander, Graham, Savenije, Hubert, Smettem, Keith, Vereecken, Harry, Viglione, Alberto, Willems, Patrick, Wood, Andy, Woods, Ro, Xu, Chong-Yu, Zehe, Erwin, Sol Agro et hydrosystème Spatialisation (SAS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Centre for Water Resource Systems, Institute of Hydraulic Engineering and Water Resources Management, Institut für Wasserbau, University of Stuttgart, Department DICAM, University of Bologna, Research Applications Laboratory [Boulder] (RAL), National Center for Atmospheric Research [Boulder] (NCAR), AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), National Technical University of Athens [Athens] (NTUA), Slovak Academy of Sciences (SAS), Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), Institute of Bio- and Geosciences Agrosphere (IBG-3), Vienna University of Technology (TU Wien), Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Slovak Academy of Sciences, Slovak Academy of Science [Bratislava] (SAS), Technical University of Vienna [Vienna] (TU WIEN), and AGROCAMPUS OUEST-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
Subjects: Technology, Engineering, Civil, Atmospheric Science, History, citation, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Hydrometeorology, General assembly, IMPACT, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 0208 environmental biotechnology, 0207 environmental engineering, Library science, Environmental Sciences & Ecology, 02 engineering and technology, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, 01 natural sciences, impact, integrity, Water Resources, Engineering, Limnology, Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences, Marine & Freshwater Biology, Geosciences, Multidisciplinary, [SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, 020701 environmental engineering, Publication process, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Water Science and Technology, Science & Technology, Ecology, Geology, CITATION, 020801 environmental engineering, INTEGRITY, 13. Climate action, Physical Sciences, Environmental science, Hydrology, Citation, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, Environmental Sciences
Abstract: International audience; Over the past five years, the editors of a number of journals in the discipline of hydrology have met informally to discuss challenges and concerns in relation to the rapidly changing publishing landscape. Two of the previous meetings, in Götenborg in July 2013 and in Prague in June 2015, were followed by joint editorials (Blöschl et al. 2014; Koutsoyiannis et al. 2016) published in all participating journals. A meeting was convened in Vienna in April 2017 [during the General Assembly of the European Geosciences Union (EGU)] that was attended by 21 editors representing 14 journals. Even though the journals are published in very different settings, the editors found common cause in a vision of the editor’s role beyond just that of gatekeeper ensuring high-quality publications, to also being critical facilitators of scientific advances. In that enabling spirit, we as editors acknowledge the need to anticipate and adapt to the changing publishing landscape. This editorial communicates our views on the implications for authors, readers, reviewers, institutional assessors, and the community of editors, as discussed during the meeting and subsequently. Recent trends in the publication process—Quantity, speed, and multiple authorships
Published: 2018

22. ICOS eddy covariance flux-station site setup: a review

Author: Daniela Franz, John Grace, Leonardo Montagnani, Anders Lindroth, Ivan Mammarella, Marian Pavelka, Dario Papale, Natascha Kljun, Gerardo Fratini, Andrew S. Kowalski, Georg Wohlfahrt, Andreas Ibrom, Rainer Steinbrecher, Lukas Siebicke, Anne De Ligne, Mika Aurela, Matthias Mauder, Alexander Graf, Patrick Gross, Marc Aubinet, Timo Vesala, Nicola Arriga, Denis Loustau, Mathias Herbst, Matthias Peichl, Meelis Mölder, George Burba, Lukas Hörtnagl, Penélope Serrano-Ortiz, Corinna Rebmann, Stefan Metzger, Olaf Kolle, HaPe Schmid, Marilyn Roland, Lutz Merbold, Sami Haapanala, Juha Pekka Tuovinen, Bert Gielen, Lilian Joly, Robert Clement, Helmholtz Zentrum für Umweltforschung = Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Université de Liège, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), University of Antwerp (UA), Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), LI-COR Biosciences, University of Nebraska [Lincoln], University of Nebraska System, University of Edinburgh, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences Agrosphere (IBG-3), Ecologie et Ecophysiologie Forestières [devient SILVA en 2018] (EEF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Centre for Agrometeorological Research, Partenaires INRAE, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark [Lyngby] (DTU), Groupe de spectrométrie moléculaire et atmosphérique (GSMA), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Lund University [Lund], Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry (MPI-BGC), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Universidad de Granada (UGR), Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro), University of Helsinki, International Livestock Research Institute, National Ecological Observatory Network, Science Office (NEON), University of Wisconsin-Madison, Piazza Università, Department for innovation in biological, agro-food and forest systems (DIBAF), University of Tuscia, Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Georg-August-University [Göttingen], Institute of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, and Thuenen Institute of Climate-Smart Agriculture
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Instrumentation, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Eddy covariance, Flux, 01 natural sciences, Wind speed, Anemometer, ddc:550, protocol, Biology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Remote sensing, eddy covariance technique, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Gas analyzer, Earth sciences, ICOS, tower set up, greenhouse gas, Greenhouse gas, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, ddc:640, Water vapor
Abstract: International Agrophysics, 32 (4), ISSN:0236-8722, ISSN:2300-8725
Published: 2018

23. Spectral induced polarization of calcite precipitation in a porous media

Author: Uzimoto, Satoshi, Huisman, Johan Alexander, Méheust, Yves, Heyman, Joris, Wu, Yuxin, Vereecken, Harry, Le Borgne, Tanguy, Dubigeon, Isabelle, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences Agrosphere (IBG-3), Géosciences Rennes (GR), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [Berkeley] (LBNL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), and Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [SDU.STU] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences
Abstract: International audience; Induced calcite precipitation is used in a range of in-situ geotechnical applications to modify the mechanical and hydrological properties of soils and fractured rocks. It is also a model process for mixing-induced biogeochemical reactions that occur naturally in a broad range of hydrological systems. Laboratory experiments have shown that spectral induced polarization (SIP) measurements can be used to monitor calcite precipitation. However, the results of the limited number of previous studies investigating the SIP response of calcite precipitation were not fully consistent. This study aims to investigate how the SIP response of calcite depends on solute composition, since this may explain the differences in SIP response observed in previous studies. For this, a five-phase experiment with SIP measurements on a column filled with sand was performed. In phase I, calcite precipitation was generated for a period of 12 days by injecting Na2CO3 and CaCl2 solutions through two different ports. This resulted in a well-defined calcite precipitation front, which was associated with an increase in the imaginary conductivity in the kHz frequency range. In phase II, the injected solutions were stepwise diluted. This resulted in a clear decrease in the imaginary conductivity. In phase III, the injection of the two solutions was stopped. Nevertheless, calcite precipitation continued and solute concentrations in the mixing zone decreased. As in phase II, this led to a decrease in the imaginary conductivity. In phase IV, the injection rate of the Na2CO3 solution was reduced to shift the mixing zone away from the calcite precipitation front, which also decreased the imaginary conductivity. Finally, the column was flushed with a solution in equilibrium with calcite in phase V, which led to a very small SIP signal. These results imply that the SIP response of calcite is very sensitive to the solution composition near the precipitates, which may explain the previously reported conflicting results. In a next step, the relationship between SIP response, volume of calcite, and solute composition will be quantitatively investigated using SIP measurements on a 2D milifluidic cell with an artificial porous media that allows visualizing the temporal dynamics of calcite precipitation.
Published: 2018

24. The implication of input data aggregation on up-scaling soil organic carbon changes

Author: Gang Zhao, Elisabet Lewan, Sren Gebbert, Claas Nendel, Zhigan Zhao, Thomas Gaiser, Edmar Teixeira, Edwin Haas, Elsa Coucheney, Kurt Christian Kersebaum, Reimund Rtter, Giacomo Trombi, Frank Ewert, Enli Wang, Jagadeesh Yeluripati, Davide Cammarano, Marco Moriondo, Stefan Siebert, Matthias Kuhnert, Julie Constantin, Luca Doro, Daniel Wallach, Xenia Specka, Marco Bindi, Belay T. Kassie, Holger Hoffmann, Fulu Tao, Helene Raynal, Henrik Eckersten, Balzs Grosz, Rene Dechow, Senthold Asseng, Pier Paolo Roggero, Lutz Weihermller, Thünen Institute of Climate Smart Agriculture, Crop Science Group, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, UMR : AGroécologie, Innovations, TeRritoires, Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse, Unité de Mathématiques et Informatique Appliquées de Toulouse (MIAT INRA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Department of Soil and Environment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Department of Crop Production Ecology, Institute of Landscape Systems Analysis, Leibniz-Zentrum für Agrarlandschaftsforschung = Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Biological and Environmental Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, The James Hutton Institute, Institut für Meteorologie und Klimaforschung - Atmosphärische Umweltforschung (IMK-IFU), Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), Systems Modeling Team (Sustainable Production Group), New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Department of Agri-food Production and Environmental Sciences, University of Florence (UNIFI), Istituto di Biometeorologia [Firenze] (IBIMET), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Desertification Research Centre, University of Sassari, Desertification Research Centre - Department of Agricultural Sciences, CSIRO, Climate Impacts Group, Department of Crop Sciences, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Agricultural & Biological Engineering Department, University of Florida [Gainesville], Institute of Bio- and Geosciences Agrosphere (IBG-3), AGroécologie, Innovations, teRritoires (AGIR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Departement of Soil and Environment, Plant & Food Research, Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence [Firenze] (UNIFI), Georg-August-University [Göttingen], Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering [Gainesville] (UF|ABE), Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences [Gainesville] (UF|IFAS), and University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF)-University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF)
Subjects: [SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, Biogeochemical cycle, Environmental Engineering, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, data aggregation, biogeochemical model, up-scaling error, Ecological Modeling, Up scaling, Soil science, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Soil carbon, Common method, 15. Life on land, 01 natural sciences, Data availability, Data aggregator, soil organic carbon, North west, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, Limit (mathematics), Software, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: In up-scaling studies, model input data aggregation is a common method to cope with deficient data availability and limit the computational effort. We analyzed model errors due to soil data aggregation for modeled SOC trends. For a region in North West Germany, gridded soil data of spatial resolutions between 1km and 100km has been derived by majority selection. This data was used to simulate changes in SOC for a period of 30 years by 7 biogeochemical models. Soil data aggregation strongly affected modeled SOC trends. Prediction errors of simulated SOC changes decreased with increasing spatial resolution of model output. Output data aggregation only marginally reduced differences of model outputs between models indicating that errors caused by deficient model structure are likely to persist even if requirements on the spatial resolution of model outputs are low. Analysis of soil data aggregation on model errors of up-scaled SOC trends.Determination of factors controlling aggregation effects (AE) on modeled SOC trends.Comparison of variability between 7 biogeochemical models and AE.Development of ex ante methods to approximate AE for SOC simulation studies.
Published: 2017

25. Measuring and modeling hydraulic lift of Lolium multiflorum using stable water isotopes

Author: Patricia Richard, Youri Rothfuss, Jean-Louis Durand, Félicien Meunier, Valentin Couvreur, Mathieu Javaux, Philippe Biron, Jan Vanderborght, Thierry Bariac, Earth and Life Institute [Louvain-La-Neuve] (ELI), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (IEES), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institute of Bio- and Geosciences Agrosphere (IBG-3), Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Prairies et Plantes Fourragères (P3F), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), EC2CO/CITRIX, Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Meunier, Félicien, Rothfuss, Youri, UCL - SST/ELI/ELIE - Environmental Sciences, and UCL - SST/ELI/ELIA-Agronomy
Subjects: [SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, Water flow, 0208 environmental biotechnology, water, Soil Science, stable isotopes, hydraulic gradient, 02 engineering and technology, circulation de l'eau, isotope stable, Hydraulic head, Soil-plant water flow model, TRACER, eau, lcsh:Environmental sciences, Transpiration, Hydrology, lcsh:GE1-350, système racinaire, biology, Chemistry, Stable isotope ratio, lcsh:QE1-996.5, root systems, Lolium multiflorum, 15. Life on land, Hydraulic lift, biology.organism_classification, gradient hydraulique, 6. Clean water, 020801 environmental engineering, Agricultural sciences, lcsh:Geology, lolium multiflorum, Root water uptake, Soil water, Soil horizon, Sciences agricoles
Abstract: This study tested a method to quantify and locate hydraulic lift (HL, defined as the passive upward water flow from wetter to dryer soil zones through the plant root system) by combining an experiment using the stable water isotope 1H218O as a tracer with a soil–plant water flow model. Our methodology consisted in (i) establishing the initial conditions for HL in a large rhizobox planted with Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.), (ii) labeling water in the deepest soil layer with an 18O-enriched solution, (iii) monitoring the water O isotopic composition in soil layers to find out changes in the upper layers that would reflect redistribution of 18O-enriched water from the bottom layers by the roots, and (iv) comparing the observed soil water O isotopic composition to simulation results of a three-dimensional model of water flow and isotope transport in the soil–root system. Our main findings were that (i) the depth and strength of the observed changes in soil water O isotopic composition could be well reproduced with a modeling approach (RMSE = 0.2‰, i.e., equivalent to the precision of the isotopic measurements), (ii) the corresponding water volume involved in HL was estimated to account for 19% of the plant transpiration of the following day, i.e., 0.45 mm of water, and was in agreement with the observed soil water content changes, and (iii) the magnitude of the simulated HL was sensitive to both plant and soil hydraulic properties.
Published: 2017

26. DATA Aggregation effects in regional yield simulations

Author: Hoffmann, Holger, Kersebaum, Kurt Christian, Zhao, Gang, Asseng, Senthold, Bindi, Marco, Cammarano, Davide, Constantin, Julie, Coucheney, Elsa, Dechow, Rene, Doro, Luca, Eckersten, Henrik, Gaiser, Thomas, Grosz, Balazs, Haas, Edwin, Kassie, Belay T., Kiese, Ralf, Klatt, Steffen, Kuhnert, Matthias, Lewan, Elisabet, Moriondo, Marco, Nendel, Claas, Raynal, Helene, Roggero, Pier Paolo, Rötter, Reimund Paul, Siebert, Stefan J., Sosa, Carmen, Specka, Xenia, Tao, Fulu, Teixeira, Edmar, Trombi, Giacomo, Yeluripati, Jagadeesh, Vanuytrecht, Eline, Wallach, Daniel, Wang, Enli, Weihermueller, Lutz, Zhao, Zhigan, Ewert, Frank, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, University of Bonn-Division of Plant Nutrition, Leibniz-Zentrum für Agrarlandschaftsforschung = Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), INRES, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, University of Florida [Gainesville], University of Florence (UNIFI), The James Hutton Institute, UMR : AGroécologie, Innovations, TeRritoires, Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse, Department of Soil and Environment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Thünen Institute of Climate Smart Agriculture, Texas A&M University System, Department of Crop Production Ecology, Institut für Meteorologie und Klimaforschung (IMK), Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Institut für Meteorologie und Klimaforschung - Atmosphärische Umweltforschung (IMK-IFU), Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Stirling, Unité de Mathématiques et Informatique Appliquées de Toulouse (MIAT INRA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Università degli Studi di Sassari, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Goettingen, Instutute of Landscape Biogeochemistry, Climate Impacts Group, New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Department of Agri-Food Production and Environmental Sciences, University delgi Studi di Firenze, Information and Computational Sciences Group, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences [Leuven] (EES), Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), CSIRO, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences Agrosphere (IBG-3), China Agricultural University, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation [Bonn] (INRES), University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF), Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence [Firenze] (UNIFI), AGroécologie, Innovations, teRritoires (AGIR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Departement of Soil and Environment, Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering [Gainesville] (UF|ABE), Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences [Gainesville] (UF|IFAS), University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF)-University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF), University of Göttingen - Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Plant & Food Research, and China Agricultural University (CAU)
Subjects: [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]
Abstract: Session: AgMIP: Advances in Crop & Soil Model Intercomparison and Improvement Oral; Regional yield simulations with process-based models often rely on input data of coarse spatial resolution (Ewert et al., 2015; Zhao et al., 2015). Using aggregated data as input for process-based models entails the risks of introducing so-called aggregation errors (AE). Such AE depend on the model structure in combination with the aggregation method, the type of aggregated data as well as its spatial heterogeneity. While the regional crop yield bias is usually
Published: 2016

27. Effects of climate data aggregation on regional NPP modelling

Author: Kuhnert, Matthias, Yeluripati, Jagadeesh, Smith, Pete, Hoffmann, Holger, Van Oijen, Marcel, Constantin, Julie, Coucheney, Elsa, Dechow, Rene, Eckersten, Henrik, Gaiser, Thomas, Grosz, Balázs, Haas, Edwin, Kersebaum, Kurt-Christian, Kiese, Ralf, Klatt, Steffen, Lewan, Elisabeth, Nendel, Claas, Raynal, Helene, Sosa, Carmen, Specka, Xenia, Teixeira, Edmar, Wang, Enli, Weihermüller, Lutz, Zhao, Gang, Zhao, Zhigan, Ogle, Stephen, Ewert, Frank, Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, (SFIRC), The James Hutton Institute, Crop Science Group, INRES, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, UMR : AGroécologie, Innovations, TeRritoires, Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Thünen Institute of Climate-Smart Agriculture, Institut für Meteorologie und Klimaforschung - Atmosphärische Umweltforschung (IMK-IFU), Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), Leibniz-Zentrum für Agrarlandschaftsforschung = Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Unité de Mathématiques et Informatique Appliquées de Toulouse (MIAT INRA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Systems Modelling Team (Sustainable Production Group), New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, CSIRO, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences Agrosphere (IBG-3), Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory [Fort Collins] (NREL), Colorado State University [Fort Collins] (CSU), AGroécologie, Innovations, teRritoires (AGIR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, and Plant & Food Research
Subjects: npp, extreme events, data aggregation, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], scaling, net primary production, crop modelling
Abstract: Stream B: Methods in Environmental Modelling including optimization, sensitivity, uncertainty issues, model development and modelling frameworks; In ecosystem modelling studies, data are often collected at a small scale but are used in models topredict ecosystem responses e.g. net primary production (NPP) at coarser scale, using dataaggregation. The data aggregation causes errors that are difficult to predict, because of modelcomplexity and our limited knowledge of the spatial heterogeneity underlying our aggregated inputvalues. Input aggregation thus adds to the uncertainty associated with model predictions. One way ofreducing uncertainty related to input aggregation error is to evaluate models at different resolutions forareas where high-resolution input data are available. The objective of this study was the quantificationof the aggregation error on modelled NPP introduced by climate data aggregation. Therefore, climatedata at 1 km x 1 km resolution (>30 000 grid cells) were used as baseline to simulate NPP with 11different crop and biogeochemical models for the federal state North Rhine-Westphalia (Germany).These results, for 29 year monocultures of wheat and maize cropping systems, respectively, werecompared with simulation results using aggregated climate data for four resolutions (10, 25, 50, 100km grid cell side length).The aggregation effect is represented by the maximum differences betweenthe NPP, averaged for wheat and maize cropping systems over the growing season, simulated for thefive different resolutions. Input data aggregation had little impact on NPP of 29 year averages (0.5 –7.8 % for wheat and 0.3 – 10 % for maize), while the climate data aggregation effect was higher forsingle years; up to 9 % and 13 % for wheat and maize, respectively, gradually decreasing to loweffects for averages over 10 year periods or longer. The scale effect differed among models andshows only a minor impact (2%) for an ensemble run.
Published: 2016

28. Impact of climate aggregation over different scales on regional NPP modelling

Author: Kuhnert, Matthias, Yeluripati, Jagadeesh, Smith, Pete, Hoffmann, Holger, Zhao, Gang, Constantin, Julie, Raynal, Helene, Wallach, Daniel, Coucheney, Elsa, Lewan, Elisabet, Eckersten, Henrik, Specka, Xenia, Kersebaum, Kurt Christian, Nendel, Claas, Grosz, Balázs, Dechow, Rene, Kiese, Ralf, Haas, Edwin, Klatt, Steffen, Teixeira, Edmar, Bindi, Marco, Trombi, Giacomo, Moriondo, Marco, Doro, Luca, Roggero, Pier Paolo, Zhao, Zhigan, Wang, Enli, Vanuytrecht, Eline, Tao, Fulu, Rötter, Reimund P., Cammarano, Davide, Asseng, Senthold, Weihermüller, Lutz, Siebert, Stefan, Gaiser, Thomas, Ewert, Frank, Biological and Environmental Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, The James Hutton Institute, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation /Crop Science Group, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Unité de Mathématiques et Informatique Appliquées de Toulouse (MIAT INRA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), AGroécologie, Innovations, teRritoires (AGIR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Department of Crop Production Ecology, Institute of Landscape Systems Analysis, Leibniz-Zentrum für Agrarlandschaftsforschung = Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Thünen Institute of Climate Smart Agriculture, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Plant & Food Research, Department of Agri - food Production and Environmental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence [Firenze] (UNIFI), Istituto di Biometeorologia [Firenze] (IBIMET), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Desertification Research Group, University of Sassari, CSIRO, Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), Climate Impacts Group, Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering [Gainesville] (UF|ABE), Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences [Gainesville] (UF|IFAS), University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF)-University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF), Institute of Bio- and Geosciences Agrosphere (IBG-3), UMR : AGroécologie, Innovations, TeRritoires, Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse, New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, University of Florence (UNIFI), Université Catholique de Louvain, Agricultural & Biological Engineering Department, and University of Florida [Gainesville]
Subjects: [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]
Abstract: In spatial modelling of Net Primary Productivity (NPP), predictability and uncertainty depends on the availability of input data, as well as on the scale of the available data sets. Therefore, the study presented here quantifies the impact of aggregation effect of input data of different scales for a regional modelling approach using 5 different resolutions. As part of this study, the presentation focuses on the impact of the climate aggregation on the simulation of NPP. The effect is investigated on the model results of 11 different crop and biogeochemical modelssimulating NPP for wheat and maize for the area of the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia. The focus of the study is on the impact of drought effects across the scales considered. The data are analysed on annual time steps we followed two approaches to investigate the impact of water limitation on primary production: First, two model runs, one considers water limitation and the other one ignores the impacts of water limitation on plant production second, an external definition of dry conditions by a drought index, only considering climate data, enables a separation of grid-cells and years with drought impacts, independent of the model internal functions. The results show hardly any difference between the overall average NPP across the scales, but some variability for the impact of extreme weather conditions on the simulated NPP.
Published: 2016

29. Adaptation of the SMOS soil moisture retrieval algorithm for organic-rich soils and its validation over various Northern sites

Author: Bircher, Simone, Richaume, Philippe, Mahmoodi, Ali, Demontoux, François, Ikonen, Jaakko, Rautiainen, Kimmo, Vehviläinen, Juho, Moreaux, Virginie, Kim, Yongwon, Lee, Bang-Yong, Suzuki, Rikie, Ikawa, Hiroki, Oechel, Walter, Belelli Marchesini, Luca, Dolman, Han, Berg, Aaron, Jonard, François, Weihermüller, Lutz, Andreasen, Mie, Schwank, Mike, Wigneron, Jean-Pierre, Kerr, Yann H., Centre d'études spatiales de la biosphère (CESBIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de l'intégration, du matériau au système (IMS), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), Ecologie et Ecophysiologie Forestières [devient SILVA en 2018] (EEF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL), International Arctic Research Center (IARC), University of Alaska [Fairbanks] (UAF), Arctic Research Centre of Finnish Meteorological Institute, Korea Polar Research Institute (KOPRI), Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Agro-Meteorology Division, National Institute of Agro-Environmental Sciences (NIAES), Global Change Research Group, South African National Biodiversity Institute, VU University Amsterdam, University of Guelph, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences Agrosphere (IBG-3), Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management [Copenhagen] (IGN), Faculty of Science [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), Swiss Federal Institute for Forest Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (ISPA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Vrije universiteit = Free university of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (VU), Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1
Subjects: remote sensing, sol organique, permittivité diélectrique, télédétection, modèle de transfert radiatif, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, projet smos, radiometer, radiomètre, permittivity, donnée satellite, [SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing, humidité de surface
Abstract: From the passive L-band microwave radiometer onboard the Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) space mission global surface soil moisture data is retrieved every 3 days. Thus far, the empirical L-band Microwave Emission of the Biosphere (L-MEB) radiative transfer model applied in the SMOS soil moisture retrieval algorithm is exclusively calibrated over test sites in dry and temperate climate zones and the included dielectric mixing model relating soil moisture to permittivity accounts only for mineral soils. However, soil moisture monitoring over the higher northern latitudes is crucial since these regions are especially sensitive to climate change and a considerable feedback is expected due to carbon liberated from thawing ground of these extremely organic soils. Due to differing structural characteristics and thus varying bound water fractions, the permittivity of organic material is lower than the one of most mineral soils at a given water content. This assumption was verified by means of measurements in organic and mineral substrates from various sites in Denmark, Finland, Scotland and Siberia. For this purpose, conventional soil moisture sensors were used as well as weak perturbation and waveguide techniques in order to infer effective soil permittivity at the microwave L-band (1-2 GHz). Based on these data, a generic L-band soil moisture – permittivity relation for organic soils was derived and validated with dielectric mixing model runs as well as literature data. Furthermore, the derived function was tested in the L-MEB model. Results showed that modeled data agreed with measurements from a tower-based passive L-band microwave radiometer observing organic-rich soil over a 2 months period in a highly controlled set-up. The generic «organic» empirical model was then implemented in the SMOS Prototype Algorithm to retrieve soil moisture over a site in Northern Finland. The validation with in situ soil moisture observations calibrated for organic soils showed a distinct improvement in the agreement between the satellite and ground datasets when using the «organic» instead of the operational SMOS processor version. This analysis is to be continued in more detail and the validation effort needs to be expanded over as many regions with abundant soil organic matter content as possible. Appropriate in situ observations are currently available from various sites in Alaska, Canada, and the Netherlands. In this communication, first the derivation of the generic L-band «organic» soil moisture-permittivity model will be presented. Focus will then be on the comparison of «organic» SMOS soil moisture retrievals with corresponding operational SMOS products as well as in situ observations over all available sites.
Published: 2016

30. Responses of soil nitrous oxide emissions and nitrate leaching on climate, soil and management input data aggregation: a biogeochemistry model ensemble study

Author: Haas, Edwin, Kiese, Ralf, Klatt, Steffen, Hoffmann, Holger, Zhao, Gang, Ewert, Frank, Constantin, Julie, Raynal, Helene, Coucheney, Elsa, Lewan, Elisabeth, Sosa, Carmen, Dechow, Rene, Grosz, Balazs, Eckersten, Henrik, Gaiser, Thomas, Kuhnert, Matthias, Smith, Paul, Kersebaum, Kurt Christian, Nendel, Claas, Specka, Xenia, Wang, E., Zhang, Zhaoliang, Weihermüller, Lutz, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Crop Science Group, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, UMR : AGroécologie, Innovations, TeRritoires, Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse, Unité de Mathématiques et Informatique Appliquées de Toulouse (MIAT INRA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Thünen Institute of Climate Smart Agriculture, Department of Crop Production Ecology, University of Aberdeen, Leibniz-Zentrum für Agrarlandschaftsforschung = Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), CSIRO, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences Agrosphere (IBG-3), AGroécologie, Innovations, teRritoires (AGIR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées
Subjects: [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]
Abstract: Responses of soil nitrous oxide emissions and nitrate leaching on climate, soil and management input data aggregation: a biogeochemistry model ensemble study. iCROPM 2016 International Crop Modelling Symposium "Crop Modelling for Agriculture and Food Security under Global Change"
Published: 2016

31. Impacts of soil and weather data aggregation in spatial modelling of net primary production of croplands

Author: Matthias Kuhnert, Yeluripati, Jagadeesh B., Pete Smith, Holger Hoffmann, Julie Constantin, Elsa Coucheney, Rene Dechow, Henrik Eckersten, Thomas Gaiser, Balázs Grosz, Edwin Haas, Kurt-Christian Kersebaum, Ralf Kiese, Klatt, S., Elisabet Lewan, Claas Nendel, Helene Raynal, Sosa, C., Xenia Specka, Edmar Teixeira, Wang, E., Lutz Weihermueller, Gang Zhao, Zhigan Zhao, Frank Ewert, School of Biological Sciences [Aberdeen], University of Aberdeen, The James Hutton Institute, Crop Science Group, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, UMR : AGroécologie, Innovations, TeRritoires, Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse, Department of Soil and Environment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Thünen Institute of Climate Smart Agriculture, Department of Crop Production Ecology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Leibniz-Zentrum für Agrarlandschaftsforschung = Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Unité de Mathématiques et Informatique Appliquées de Toulouse (MIAT INRA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, CSIRO, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences Agrosphere (IBG-3), AGroécologie, Innovations, teRritoires (AGIR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Departement of Soil and Environment, and Plant & Food Research
Subjects: [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]
Abstract: Impacts of soil and weather data aggregation in spatial modelling of net primary production of croplands. iCROPM 2016 International Crop Modelling Symposium "Crop Modelling for Agriculture and Food Security under Global Change"
Published: 2016

32. Impact analysis of climate data aggregation at different spatial scales on simulated net primary productivity for croplands

Author: Frank Ewert, Stephen M. Ogle, Lutz Weihermüller, Holger Hoffmann, Gang Zhao, Edmar Teixeira, Pete Smith, Xenia Specka, Balász Grosz, Thomas Gaiser, Zhigan Zhao, Ralf Kiese, Helene Raynal, Matthias Kuhnert, Kurt Christian Kersebaum, Rene Dechow, Jagadeesh Yeluripati, Elisabet Lewan, Claas Nendel, Enli Wang, Elsa Coucheney, Edwin Haas, Marcel van Oijen, Carmen Sosa, Julie Constantin, Henrik Eckersten, Steffen Klatt, Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, (SFIRC), Crop Science Group, INRES, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, UMR : AGroécologie, Innovations, TeRritoires, Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse, Department of Soil and Environment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Thünen Institute of Climate-Smart Agriculture, Department of Crop Production Ecology, Institut für Meteorologie und Klimaforschung - Atmosphärische Umweltforschung (IMK-IFU), Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), Institute of Landscape Systems Analysis, Unité de Mathématiques et Informatique Appliquées de Toulouse (MIAT INRA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Systems Modelling Team (Sustainable Production Group), New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, CSIRO, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences Agrosphere (IBG-3), Colorado State University [Fort Collins] (CSU), AGroécologie, Innovations, teRritoires (AGIR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Departement of Soil and Environment, and Plant & Food Research
Subjects: extreme events, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, data aggregation, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Soil Science, Growing season, Plant Science, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, Ecology and Environment, Extreme weather, Range (statistics), Data and Information, Spatial analysis, climate, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 2. Zero hunger, npp, Ecology, Phenology, scaling, Primary production, net primary production, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, Agriculture and Soil Science, Agronomy, 13. Climate action, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, Monoculture, Scale (map), Agronomy and Crop Science, crop modelling
Abstract: For spatial crop and agro-systems modelling, there is often a discrepancy between the scale of measured driving data and the target resolution. Spatial data aggregation is often necessary, which can introduce additional uncertainty into the simulation results. Previous studies have shown that climate data aggregation has little effect on simulation of phenological stages, but effects on net primary production (NPP) might still be expected through changing the length of the growing season and the period of grain filling. This study investigates the impact of spatial climate data aggregation on NPP simulation results, applying eleven different models for the same study region (∼34,000 km2), situated in Western Germany. To isolate effects of climate, soil data and management were assumed to be constant over the entire study area and over the entire study period of 29 years. Two crops, winter wheat and silage maize, were tested as monocultures. Compared to the impact of climate data aggregation on yield, the effect on NPP is in a similar range, but is slightly lower, with only small impacts on averages over the entire simulation period and study region. Maximum differences between the five scales in the range of 1–100 km grid cells show changes of 0.4–7.8% and 0.0–4.8% for wheat and maize, respectively, whereas the simulated potential NPP averages of the models show a wide range (1.9–4.2 g C m−2 d−1 and 2.7–6.1 g C m−2 d−1 for wheat and maize, respectively). The impact of the spatial aggregation was also tested for shorter time periods, to see if impacts over shorter periods attenuate over longer periods. The results show larger impacts for single years (up to 9.4% for wheat and up to 13.6% for maize). An analysis of extreme weather conditions shows an aggregation effect in vulnerability up to 12.8% and 15.5% between the different resolutions for wheat and maize, respectively. Simulations of NPP averages over larger areas (e.g. regional scale) and longer time periods (several years) are relatively insensitive to climate data aggregation. However, the scale of climate data is more relevant for impacts on annual averages of NPP or if the period is strongly affected or dominated by drought stress. There should be an awareness of the greater uncertainty for the NPP values in these situations if data are not available at high resolution. On the other hand, the results suggest that there is no need to simulate at high resolution for long term regional NPP averages based on the simplified assumptions (soil and management constant in time and space) used in this study.
Published: 2016

33. Electromagnetic characterization of organic-rich soils at the microwave L-band with ground-penetrating radar, radiometry and laboratory measurements

Author: Yann Kerr, Jean-Pierre Wigneron, Harry Vereecken, Sébastien Lambot, François Demontoux, Mike Schwank, Lutz Weillermüller, Simone Bircher, François Jonard, Stephen Razafindratsima, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1, Centre d'études spatiales de la biosphère (CESBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL), Institute of Bio- and Geosciences Agrosphere (IBG-3), Research Center Jülich, Germany, ∗Agrosphere (IBG-3), Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences [Jülich] (IBG), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association-Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association-Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association-Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association-Institute of Bio- and Geosciences [Jülich] (IBG), Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association-Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, Laboratoire de l'intégration, du matériau au système (IMS), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IMS Laboratory, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Écologie fonctionnelle et physique de l'environnement (EPHYSE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Earth and Life Institute - Environmental Sciences (ELIE), Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH-Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH-Institute of Bio- and Geosciences [Jülich] (IBG), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH-Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Avalanche Research WSL, Écologie fonctionnelle et physique de l'environnement (EPHYSE - UR1263), Earth and Life Institute, Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium, and Earth and Life Institute, Université catholique de Louvain (UCL)
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Soil test, GPR, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, 0211 other engineering and technologies, 02 engineering and technology, radiometry, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Atmospheric radiative transfer codes, law, Radar, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, organic soil, 021101 geological & geomatics engineering, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Remote sensing, Radiometer, microwave remote sensing, Soil organic matter, complex dielectric permittivity, [SPI.ELEC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electromagnetism, Geography, Ground-penetrating radar, Soil water, Radiometry, [SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing
Abstract: International audience; Organic-rich soils were collected from the HOBE (Hydrological Observatory) test site in the Skjern River Catchment (Denmark). The soil structure was then reconstructed at the TERENO (Terrestrial Environmental Observatories) test site Selhausen (Germany) in a controlled field laboratory for ground-based microwave remote sensing in order to characterize electromagnetic properties of the different soil layers and the vegetation. GPR and L-band radiometer measurements were performed above the soils during two months in order to realize a large range of moisture conditions. GPR data were modeled using full-wave layered medium Green's functions while radiometer data were simulated using a two-stream radiative transfer model. Complex dielectric permittivities were retrieved from GPR and radiometer data by inverting the associated models. The remote estimations of the dielectric permittivity were compared to laboratory measurements carried out at the IMS laboratory (Laboratoire de l'Intégration du Matériau au Système, France) using two different methods, the small perturbation methods with resonant cavity and the wave-guide method. The results show rather large discrepancies between the field measurements of the real part of the dielectric permittivity and the laboratory measurements. For the imaginary part of the dielectric permittivity, laboratory measurements are well reproduced by the field radiometer measurements, with a reasonable assumption made for the soil surface roughness. This study provides valuable insights into the characterization of organic soils, which can be used to improve the performance of the space-borne remote sensing data products of such soils.
Published: 2014

34. Effects of environmental changes on soil respiration in arid, cold, temperate, and tropical zones.

Author: Ngaba MJY, Uwiragiye Y, Hu B, Zhou J, Dannenmann M, Calanca P, Bol R, de Vries W, Kuzyakov Y, and Rennenberg H
Abstract: Soil respiration (R s ) is projected to be substantially affected by climate change, impacting the storage, equilibrium, and movement of terrestrial carbon (C). However, uncertainties surrounding the responses of R s to climate change and soil nitrogen (N) enrichment are linked to mechanisms specific to diverse climate zones. A comprehensive meta-analysis was conducted to address this, evaluating the global effects of warming, increased precipitation, and N enrichment on R s across various climate zones and ecosystems. Data from 123 studies, encompassing a total of 10,377 worldwide observations, were synthesized for this purpose. Annual R s were modeled and their uncertainties were associated with a 1-km 2 resolution global R s database spanning from 1961 to 2022. Calibrating R s using ensemble machine learning (EML) and employing 10-fold cross-validation, 13 environmental covariates were utilized. The meta-analysis findings revealed an upsurge in R s rates in response to warming, with tropical, arid, and temperate climate zones exhibiting increases of 12 %, 13 %, and 16 %, respectively. Furthermore, increased precipitation led to stimulated R s rates of 11 % and 9 % in tropical and temperate zones, respectively, while N deposition affected R s in cold (+6 %) and tropical (+5 %) climate zones. The machine learning technique estimated the global soil respiration to range from 91 to 171 Pg C yr -1 , with an average R s of 700 ± 300 g C m -2 yr -1 . The values ranged between 314 and 2500 g C m -2 yr -1 , with the lowest and highest values observed in cold and tropical zones, respectively. Spatial variation in R s was most pronounced in low-latitude areas, particularly in tropical rainforests and monsoon zones. Temperature, precipitation, and N deposition were identified as crucial environmental factors exerting significant influences on R s rates worldwide. These factors underscore the interconnectedness between climate and ecosystem processes, therefore requiring explicit considerations of different climate zones when assessing responses of R s to global change., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2024
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35. Do nanoparticles and colloids replenish soil phosphorus in the rhizosphere of winter wheat?

Author: Jia Y, Klumpp E, Bol R, Chen Y, Liu M, Zhang J, and Amelung W
Subjects: Germany, Triticum, Rhizosphere, Nanoparticles, Soil chemistry, Colloids, Phosphorus analysis
Abstract: The rhizosphere is generally depleted in nutrients, but as a hotspot of microbial activity it fosters crop P uptake. We hypothesized that P contents of water extractable nanoparticles (<0.1 μm) and small sized colloids (<0.45 μm) differ between non-rhizosphere and rhizosphere soil. To test this hypothesis, rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils (Luvisol and Cambisol) were sampled at harvest period of winter wheat near Selhausen (Germany). Microaggregate and colloidal fractions in the size range of 53-250 μm, 20-53 μm, 0.45-20 μm, and <0.45 μm were separated by wet-sieving and centrifugation. Subsequently, the colloids <0.45 μm were further isolated in 0.66-20 nm, 20-100 nm and 100-450 nm fractions using asymmetric flow field flow fractionation (AF4) and directly analyzed by online coupled organic carbon detector (OCD) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) for element composition. No significant differences (p > 0.05) were measured between rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil P contents of microaggregate fractions. The rhizosphere soil, however, showed ∼26 % depletion of average P content in the 0.66-20 nm fraction, which went along with an enrichment of P content of the 100-450 nm fraction by a factor of two. Apparently, P uptake by plants results in a redistribution of P in the rhizosphere, with small nanoparticles providing available P to plants while excess residual P is bound to fine colloids., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2024
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36. Amino acid-sulphur decomposition in agricultural soil profile along a long-term recultivation chronosequence.

Author: Wang Q, Bauke SL, Wang D, Zhao Y, Reichel R, Jones DL, Chadwick DR, Tietema A, and Bol R
Abstract: The significance of sulphur (S) availability for crop yield and quality is highlighted under the global S deficiency scenario. However, little is known about the temporal trend in belowground organic S mineralisation when restoring land to productive agricultural systems, particularly for the deeper soil parts. Therefore, we investigated the decomposition of 35 S-labelled methionine in surface (0-30 cm) and subsurface soil (30-60 cm and 60-90 cm) over a 48-year recultivation chronosequence (sampled after1, 8, 14, 24 and 48 years). Soil total sulphur (TS) significantly (p < 0.05) increased in surface soil but not in subsurface soils after 48 years of recultivation. Overall, the immobilisation of 35 S-methionine ( 35 S-MB) in subsurface soils relative to year 1 significantly decreased over the chronosequence but did not change in the surface samples. The 35 S-MB values in subsurface soils were positively corrected with soil carbon (C) stoichiometry (Pearson correlation, p < 0.05), suggesting the immobilisation of methionine was likely constrained by microbial C demand in deep soil. Compared to year 1, 35 S-SO 4 2- released from 35 S-methionine significantly declined throughout the older (≥ 8 years) soil profiles. Significant (p < 0.05) changes in the organic 35 S immobilisation and 35 S released as sulphate) were observed in year 8 after the soil was recultivated with N-fixing alfalfa or fertilisers. Whereas, after that (≥ 14 years), soil organic S partition remained affected when conventional tillage and agricultural crops dominated this site. Indicating that the effect of recultivation on organic S decomposition depends on the manner of recultivation management. Our study contributes to an improved understanding of amino acid S and organic S mineralisation under severe anthropogenic disturbance.35 S released as sulphate) were observed in year 8 after the soil was recultivated with N-fixing alfalfa or fertilisers. Whereas, after that (≥ 14 years), soil organic S partition remained affected when conventional tillage and agricultural crops dominated this site. Indicating that the effect of recultivation on organic S decomposition depends on the manner of recultivation management. Our study contributes to an improved understanding of amino acid S and organic S mineralisation under severe anthropogenic disturbance., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2024
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37. Soil heavy metal pollution promotes extracellular enzyme production by mediating microbial community structure during vegetation restoration of metallic tailing reservoir.

Author: Zhao D, Bol R, Wang J, Jin J, Wang Y, Wang T, Zhu H, Wu Y, Fang L, and Bing H
Subjects: China, Environmental Restoration and Remediation methods, Biodegradation, Environmental, Soil Microbiology, Metals, Heavy analysis, Soil Pollutants, Microbiota, Mining, Soil chemistry
Abstract: Vegetation restoration in metallic tailing reservoirs is imperative to restore the post-mining degraded ecosystems. Extracellular enzymes determine microbial resource acquisition in soils, yet the mechanisms controlling the enzyme activity and stoichiometry during vegetation restoration in metallic tailing reservoirs remain elusive. Here, we investigated the variations and drivers of C-, N- and P-acquiring enzymes together with microbial community along a 50-year vegetation restoration chronosequence in the China's largest vanadium titano-magnetite tailing reservoir. We found a parabolic pattern in the enzyme activity and efficiency along the chronosequence, peaking at the middle restoration stage (∼30 years) with approximately six-fold increase relative to the initial 1-year site. The enzyme ratios of C:P and N:P decreased by 33 % and 68 % along the chronosequence, respectively, indicating a higher microbial demand of C and N at the early stage and a higher demand of P at the later stage. Soil nutrients directly determined the enzyme activities and stoichiometry, whereas microbial biomass and community structure regulated the temporal pattern of the enzyme efficiency. Surprisingly, increased heavy metal pollution imposed a positive effect on the enzyme efficiency indirectly by altering microbial community structure. This was evidenced by the increased microbial diversity and the conversion of copiotrophic to oligotrophic and stress-tolerant taxa along the chronosequence. Our findings provide new insights into microbial functioning in soil nutrient dynamics during vegetation restoration under increasing heavy metal pollution., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2024
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38. Biochar captures ammonium and nitrate in easily extractable and strongly retained form without stimulating greenhouse gas emissions during composting.

Author: Busch F, Leal ODA, Siebers N, and Brüggemann N
Abstract: During composting of organic waste, nitrogen is lost through gaseous forms and ion leaching. Biochar has been shown to capture mineral nitrogen (N min : NH 4 and NO + and NO 3 - captured by biochar with the dynamics of N 2 O and other greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions during composting remains unstudied and was the aim of this work. We composted (outdoor for 148 days) together kitchen scraps (43.3% dw, where dw is dry weight), horse manure (40.9% dw), and wheat (Triticum aestivum L) straw (15.8% dw) without (Control) or with biochar (Bc, 15% compost dw). The biochar consisted of hardwood and softwood pieces pyrolyzed at 680°C and exhibited 60% of particles with 4-8 mm. We monitored compost GHG (CO min captured by biochar with the dynamics of N 2 O and other greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions during composting remains unstudied and was the aim of this work. We composted (outdoor for 148 days) together kitchen scraps (43.3% dw, where dw is dry weight), horse manure (40.9% dw), and wheat (Triticum aestivum L) straw (15.8% dw) without (Control) or with biochar (Bc, 15% compost dw). The biochar consisted of hardwood and softwood pieces pyrolyzed at 680°C and exhibited 60% of particles with 4-8 mm. We monitored compost GHG (CO 2 , CH 4 content in compost and biochar particles (sequential extractions), and biochar surface transformations (SEM-EDX and 2 C-NMR spectroscopy) along composting. Biochar did not significantly reduce or increase GHG emissions and N min content in compost and biochar particles (sequential extractions), and biochar surface transformations (SEM-EDX and 13 C-NMR spectroscopy) along composting. Biochar did not significantly reduce or increase GHG emissions and N min content (mg kg -1 ) in compost. However, the final NO 3 losses. Despite the high aromaticity and minimal contribution of carboxyl C to the biochar structure, biochar retained NH - , mainly in easily extractable form (55%), in the first 2 weeks of composting and mainly in strongly retained form (75%) in the final compost. The NO -1 ) in the Bc treatment was significantly higher (54%) compared to the Control, indicating lower NO 3 content extracted from biochar was 164 (37%, easily extractable), 80 (19%, moderately extractable), and 194 mg NO - losses. Despite the high aromaticity and minimal contribution of carboxyl C to the biochar structure, biochar retained NH 4 + , mainly in easily extractable form (55%), in the first 2 weeks of composting and mainly in strongly retained form (75%) in the final compost. The NO 3 O emissions, contradicting our hypothesis, we demonstrated the efficacy of biochar to recover N - content in biochar increased continuously during composting. In the final compost, the NO 3 - content extracted from biochar was 164 (37%, easily extractable), 80 (19%, moderately extractable), and 194 mg NO 3 - -N kg -1 (44%, strongly retained). Although N min retention in biochar was not accompanied by lower N 2 O emissions, contradicting our hypothesis, we demonstrated the efficacy of biochar to recover N min from organic waste without stimulating GHG emissions., (© 2024 The Author(s). Journal of Environmental Quality published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America.)
Published: 2024
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39. Multi-model hydrological reference dataset over continental Europe and an African basin.

Author: Droppers B, Rakovec O, Avila L, Azimi S, Cortés-Torres N, De León Pérez D, Imhoff R, Francés F, Kollet S, Rigon R, Weerts A, and Samaniego L
Abstract: Although Essential Climate Variables (ECVs) have been widely adopted as important metrics for guiding scientific and policy decisions, the Earth Observation (EO) and Land Surface and Hydrologic Model (LSM/HM) communities have yet to treat terrestrial ECVs in an integrated manner. To develop consistent terrestrial ECVs at regional and continental scales, greater collaboration between EO and LSM/HM communities is needed. An essential first step is assessing the LSM/HM simulation uncertainty. To that end, we introduce a new hydrological reference dataset that comprises a range of 19 existing LSM/HM simulations that represent the current state-of-the-art of our LSM/HMs. Simulations are provided on a daily time step, covering Europe, notably the Rhine and Po river basins, alongside the Tugela river basin in Africa, and are uniformly formatted to allow comparisons across simulations. Furthermore, simulations are comprehensively validated with discharge, evapotranspiration, soil moisture and total water storage anomaly observations. Our dataset provides valuable information to support policy development and serves as a benchmark for generating consistent terrestrial ECVs through the integration of EO products., (© 2024. The Author(s).)
Published: 2024
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40. A meta-analysis of elevated O3 effects on herbaceous plants antioxidant oxidase activity.

Author: Zhao Y, Guo B, Liu Z, Wang X, Xiao G, and Bol R
Subjects: Malondialdehyde metabolism, Lipid Peroxidation, Plants metabolism, Oxidative Stress, Oxidoreductases metabolism, Oryza growth & development, Oryza metabolism, Peroxidase metabolism, Superoxide Dismutase metabolism, Antioxidants metabolism, Ozone
Abstract: Increases in near-surface ozone (O3) concentrations is a global environmental problem. High-concentration O3 induces stress in plants, which can lead to visible damage to plants, reduced photosynthesis, accelerated aging, inhibited growth, and can even plant death. However, its impact has not been comprehensively evaluated because of the response differences between individual plant species, environmental O3 concentration, and duration of O3 stress in plants. We used a meta-analysis approach based on 31 studies 343 observations) to examine the effects of elevated O3 on malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and peroxidase (POD) activities in herbaceous plants. Globally, important as they constitute the majority of the world's food crops. We partitioned the variation in effect size found in the meta-analysis according to the presence of plant species (ornamental herb, rice, and wheat), O3 concentration, and duration of O3 stress in plants. Our results showed that the effects of elevated O3 on plant membrane lipid peroxidation depending on plant species, O3 concentration, and duration of O3 stress in plants. The wheat SOD and POD activity was significantly lower compared to the herbs and rice (P<0.01). The SOD activity of all herbaceous plants increased by 34.6%, 10.5%, and 26.3% for exposure times to elevated O3 environments of 1-12, 13-30, and 31-60 days, respectively. When the exposure time was more than 60 days, SOD activity did not increase but significantly decreased by 12.1%. However, the POD activity of herbaceous plants increased by 30.4%, 57.3%, 21.9% and 5.81%, respectively, when exposure time of herbaceous plants in elevated O3 environment was 1-12, 13-30, 31-60 and more than 60 days. Our meta-analysis revealed that (1) rice is more resistant to elevated O3 than wheat and ornamental herbs likely because of the higher activity of antioxidant components (e.g., POD) in the symplasts, (2) exposure to elevated O3 concentrations for >60 days, may result in antioxidant SOD lose its regulatory ability, and the antioxidant component POD in the symplast is mainly used to resist O3 damage, and (3) the important factors affected the activity of SOD and POD in plants were not consistent: the duration of O3 stress in plants was more important than plant species and O3 concentration for SOD activity. However, for POD activity, plant species was the most important factor., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright: © 2024 Zhao et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)
Published: 2024
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41. A meta-analysis on crop growth and heavy metals accumulation with PGPB inoculation in contaminated soils.

Author: Bai X, Bol R, Chen H, Cui Q, Qiu T, Zhao S, and Fang L
Subjects: Bacteria metabolism, Bacteria growth & development, Biomass, Plant Roots growth & development, Plant Roots metabolism, Plant Roots microbiology, Soil chemistry, Crops, Agricultural growth & development, Crops, Agricultural metabolism, Crops, Agricultural microbiology, Metals, Heavy metabolism, Soil Microbiology, Soil Pollutants metabolism
Abstract: Plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) offer a promising solution for mitigating heavy metals (HMs) stress in crops, yet the mechanisms underlying the way they operate in the soil-plant system are not fully understood. We therefore conducted a meta-analysis with 2037 observations to quantitatively evaluate the effects and determinants of PGPB inoculation on crop growth and HMs accumulation in contaminated soils. We found that inoculation increased shoot and root biomass of all five crops (rice, maize, wheat, soybean, and sorghum) and decreased metal accumulation in rice and wheat shoots together with wheat roots. Key factors driving inoculation efficiency included soil organic matter (SOM) and the addition of exogenous fertilizers (N, P, and K). The phylum Proteobacteria was identified as the keystone taxa in effectively alleviating HMs stress in crops. More antioxidant enzyme activity, photosynthetic pigment, and nutrient absorption were induced by it. Overall, using PGPB inoculation improved the growth performance of all five crops, significantly increasing crop biomass in shoots, roots, and grains by 33 %, 35 %, and 20 %, respectively, while concurrently significantly decreasing heavy metal accumulation by 16 %, 9 %, and 37 %, respectively. These results are vital to grasping the benefits of PGPB and its future application in enhancing crop resistance to HMs., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare no competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2024
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42. Seedling root system adaptation to water availability during maize domestication and global expansion.

Author: Yu P, Li C, Li M, He X, Wang D, Li H, Marcon C, Li Y, Perez-Limón S, Chen X, Delgado-Baquerizo M, Koller R, Metzner R, van Dusschoten D, Pflugfelder D, Borisjuk L, Plutenko I, Mahon A, Resende MFR Jr, Salvi S, Akale A, Abdalla M, Ahmed MA, Bauer FM, Schnepf A, Lobet G, Heymans A, Suresh K, Schreiber L, McLaughlin CM, Li C, Mayer M, Schön CC, Bernau V, von Wirén N, Sawers RJH, Wang T, and Hochholdinger F
Subjects: Chromosome Mapping, Phenotype, Gene Expression Regulation, Plant, Plant Proteins genetics, Transcription Factors genetics, Transcription Factors metabolism, Zea mays genetics, Zea mays physiology, Domestication, Plant Roots genetics, Plant Roots growth & development, Adaptation, Physiological genetics, Droughts, Seedlings genetics, Water metabolism
Abstract: The maize root system has been reshaped by indirect selection during global adaptation to new agricultural environments. In this study, we characterized the root systems of more than 9,000 global maize accessions and its wild relatives, defining the geographical signature and genomic basis of variation in seminal root number. We demonstrate that seminal root number has increased during maize domestication followed by a decrease in response to limited water availability in locally adapted varieties. By combining environmental and phenotypic association analyses with linkage mapping, we identified genes linking environmental variation and seminal root number. Functional characterization of the transcription factor ZmHb77 and in silico root modeling provides evidence that reshaping root system architecture by reducing the number of seminal roots and promoting lateral root density is beneficial for the resilience of maize seedlings to drought., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature America, Inc.)
Published: 2024
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43. Climate warming accelerates carbon release from foliar litter-A global synthesis.

Author: Chen Z, Ni X, Patoine G, Peng C, Yue K, Yuan J, Wu Q, Eisenhauer N, Guerra CA, Bol R, Wu F, and Wang GG
Subjects: Carbon Cycle, Forests, Carbon Dioxide metabolism, Carbon Dioxide analysis, Global Warming, Trees metabolism, Plant Leaves metabolism, Climate Change, Carbon metabolism
Abstract: With over one-third of terrestrial net primary productivity transferring to the litter layer annually, the carbon release from litter serves as a crucial valve in atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations. However, few quantitative global projections of litter carbon release rate in response to climate change exist. Here, we combined a global foliar litter carbon release dataset (8973 samples) to generate spatially explicitly estimates of the response of their residence time (τ) to climate change. Results show a global mean litter carbon release rate ( k $$ k $$ ) of 0.69 year -1 (ranging from 0.09-5.6 year -1 ). Under future climate scenarios, global mean τ is projected to decrease by a mean of 2.7% (SSP 1-2.6) and 5.9% (SSP 5-8.5) during 2071-2100 period. Locally, the alleviation of temperature and moisture restrictions corresponded to obvious decreases in τ in cold and arid regions, respectively. In contract, τ in tropical humid broadleaf forests increased by 4.6% under SSP 5-8.5. Our findings highlight the vegetation type as a powerful proxy for explaining global patterns in foliar litter carbon release rates and the role of climate conditions in predicting responses of carbon release to climate change. Our observation-based estimates could refine carbon cycle parameterization, improving projections of carbon cycle-climate feedbacks., (© 2024 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
Published: 2024
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44. Microbially Induced Soil Colloidal Phosphorus Mobilization Under Anoxic Conditions.

Author: Eltohamy KM, Menezes-Blackburn D, Klumpp E, Liu C, Jin J, Xing C, Lu Y, and Liang X
Subjects: Soil Microbiology, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S, Bacteria metabolism, Phosphorus, Soil chemistry, Colloids chemistry
Abstract: Understanding the behavior of colloidal phosphorus (P coll ) under anoxic conditions is pivotal for addressing soil phosphorus (P) mobilization and transport and its impact on nutrient cycling. Our study investigated P coll dynamics in acidic floodplain soil during a 30-day flooding event. The sudden oxic-to-anoxic shift led to a significant rise in pore-water P coll levels, which exceeded soluble P levels by more than 2.7-fold. Colloidal fractions transitioned from dispersed forms (<220 nm) to colloid-associated microaggregates (>220 nm), as confirmed by electron microscopy. The observed increase in colloidal sizes was paralleled by their heightened ability to form aggregates. Compared to sterile control conditions, anoxia prompted the transformation of initially dispersed colloids into larger particles through microbial activity. Curiously, the 16S rRNA and ITS microbial diversity analysis indicated that fungi were more strongly associated with anoxia-induced colloidal release than bacteria. These microbially induced shifts in P coll lead to its higher mobility and transport, with direct implications for P release from soil into floodwaters.
Published: 2024
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45. Grazing exclusion alters denitrification N 2 O/(N 2 O + N 2 ) ratio in alpine meadow of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

Author: Tan Y, Chen Z, Liu W, Yang M, Du Z, Wang Y, Bol R, and Wu D
Subjects: Tibet, Ecosystem, Grassland, Soil, Soil Microbiology, Nitrous Oxide analysis, Denitrification, Greenhouse Gases
Abstract: Grazing exclusion has been implemented worldwide as a nature-based solution for restoring degraded grassland ecosystems that arise from overgrazing. However, the effect of grazing exclusion on soil nitrogen cycle processes, subsequent greenhouse gas emissions and underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we investigated the effect of four-year grazing exclusion on plant communities, soil properties, and soil nitrogen cycle-related functional gene abundance in an alpine meadow on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Using an automated continuous-flow incubation system, we performed an incubation experiment and measured soil-borne N 2 O, N 2 , and CO 2 fluxes to three successive "hot moment" events (precipitation, N deposition, and oxic-to-anoxic transition) between grazing-excluded and grazing soil. Higher soil N contents (total nitrogen, NH 4 + ) and extracellular enzyme activities (β-1,4-glucosidase, β-1,4-N-acetyl-glucosaminidase, cellobiohydrolase) are observed under grazing exclusion. The aboveground and litter biomass of plant community was significantly increased by grazing exclusion, but grazing exclusion decreased the average number of plant species and microbial diversity. The N 3 - ) and extracellular enzyme activities (β-1,4-glucosidase, β-1,4-N-acetyl-glucosaminidase, cellobiohydrolase) are observed under grazing exclusion. The aboveground and litter biomass of plant community was significantly increased by grazing exclusion, but grazing exclusion decreased the average number of plant species and microbial diversity. The N 2 emissions and N 2 fluxes observed under grazing exclusion were higher than those observed under free grazing. The N 2 emissions and N 2 O/(N 2 O fluxes and lower denitrification functional gene abundances (nirS, nirK, nosZ, and nirK + nirS) under anoxia were found under grazing exclusion than under free grazing. The N 2 ) ratios observed under grazing exclusion were higher than those observed under free grazing in oxic conditions. Instead, higher N 2 O production compared with under free grazing (81.6 % vs. 59.9 %). We conclude that grazing exclusion could improve soil fertility and plant biomass, nevertheless it may lower plant and microbial diversity and increase potential N 2 O emission risk via the alteration of the denitrification end-product ratio. This indicates that not all grassland management options result in a mutually beneficial situation among wider environmental goals such as greenhouse gas mitigation, biodiversity, and social welfare.2 O production compared with under free grazing (81.6 % vs. 59.9 %). We conclude that grazing exclusion could improve soil fertility and plant biomass, nevertheless it may lower plant and microbial diversity and increase potential N 2 O emission risk via the alteration of the denitrification end-product ratio. This indicates that not all grassland management options result in a mutually beneficial situation among wider environmental goals such as greenhouse gas mitigation, biodiversity, and social welfare., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier B.V.)
Published: 2024
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46. Mitigation of soil N 2 O emissions by decomposed straw based on changes in dissolved organic matter and denitrifying bacteria.

Author: Zuo S, Wu D, Du Z, Xu C, Tan Y, Bol R, and Wu W
Subjects: Nitrous Oxide analysis, Bacteria, Soil Microbiology, Denitrification, Soil, Dissolved Organic Matter
Abstract: The return of decomposed straw represents a less explored potential option for reducing N 2 O emissions. However, the mechanisms underlying the effects of decomposed straw return on soil N 2 O mitigation are still not fully clear. Therefore, we used a helium atmosphere robotized continuous flow incubation system to compare the soil N 2 O and N 2 emissions from four treatments: CK (control: no straw), WS (wheat straw), IWS (wheat straw decomposed with Irpex lacteus), and PWS (wheat straw decomposed with Phanerochaete chrysosporium). All the treatments have been fertilized with the same amount of KNO 3 . Furthermore, we also analyzed i) the chemodiversity of soil dissolved organic matter (DOM), ii) the nirS, nirK, and nosZ gene copies and relative abundances of denitrifying bacterial communities (DBCs), and iii) the specific linkages between N 2 O emissions and DOM and DBC. The results showed that the WS, IWS and PWS treatments increased N 2 O emissions compared to the CK treatment. However, applying decomposed straw to soil, especially straw treated with P. chrysosporium, effectively decreased the soil N 2 O and increased N 2 emissions compared to WS and IWS. Moreover, the IWS and PWS treatments increased the CHO composition, but they decreased the CHON and CHOS compositions of heteroatomic compounds of DOM compared with the WS and CK treatments. Furthermore, the WS, IWS and PWS treatments all significantly increased the nirS and nosZ gene copies compared with the CK treatment. Additionally, compared with the other treatments, the PWS treatment significantly shaped the DBC and led to a higher relative abundance of Pseudomonas with nirS and nosZ genes. Meanwhile, Network analysis showed that the mitigation of N 2 O was closely related to particular DOM molecules, and specific DBC taxa. These results highlight the potential for decomposed straw amendments to mitigate of soil N 2 O emissions not only by changing soil DOM but also mediating the soil DBC., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare no competing financial interest., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2023
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47. Detection and attribution of an anomaly in terrestrial photosynthesis in Europe during the COVID-19 lockdown.

Author: Tang ACI, Flechard CR, Arriga N, Papale D, Stoy PC, Buchmann N, Cuntz M, Douros J, Fares S, Knohl A, Šigut L, Simioni G, Timmermans R, Grünwald T, Ibrom A, Loubet B, Mammarella I, Belelli Marchesini L, Nilsson M, Peichl M, Rebmann C, Schmidt M, Bernhofer C, Berveiller D, Cremonese E, El-Madany TS, Gharun M, Gianelle D, Hörtnagl L, Roland M, Varlagin A, Fu Z, Heinesch B, Janssens I, Kowalska N, Dušek J, Gerosa G, Mölder M, Tuittila ES, and Loustau D
Abstract: Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) uptake by plant photosynthesis, referred to as gross primary production (GPP) at the ecosystem level, is sensitive to environmental factors, including pollutant exposure, pollutant uptake, and changes in the scattering of solar shortwave irradiance (SW in ) - the energy source for photosynthesis. The 2020 spring lockdown due to COVID-19 resulted in improved air quality and atmospheric transparency, providing a unique opportunity to assess the impact of air pollutants on terrestrial ecosystem functioning. However, detecting these effects can be challenging as GPP is influenced by other meteorological drivers and management practices. Based on data collected from 44 European ecosystem-scale CO 2 flux monitoring stations, we observed significant changes in spring GPP at 34 sites during 2020 compared to 2015-2019. Among these, 14 sites showed an increase in GPP associated with higher SW in , 10 sites had lower GPP linked to atmospheric and soil dryness, and seven sites were subjected to management practices. The remaining three sites exhibited varying dynamics, with one experiencing colder and rainier weather resulting in lower GPP, and two showing higher GPP associated with earlier spring melts. Analysis using the regional atmospheric chemical transport model (LOTOS-EUROS) indicated that the ozone (O 3 ) concentration remained relatively unchanged at the research sites, making it unlikely that O 3 exposure was the dominant factor driving the primary production anomaly. In contrast, SW in increased by 9.4 % at 36 sites, suggesting enhanced GPP possibly due to reduced aerosol optical depth and cloudiness. Our findings indicate that air pollution and cloudiness may weaken the terrestrial carbon sink by up to 16 %. Accurate and continuous ground-based observations are crucial for detecting and attributing subtle changes in terrestrial ecosystem functioning in response to environmental and anthropogenic drivers., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2023
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48. Wildfire precursors show complementary predictability in different timescales.

Author: Qu Y, Miralles DG, Veraverbeke S, Vereecken H, and Montzka C
Abstract: In most of the world, conditions conducive to wildfires are becoming more prevalent. Net carbon emissions from wildfires contribute to a positive climate feedback that needs to be monitored, quantified, and predicted. Here we use a causal inference approach to evaluate the influence of top-down weather and bottom-up fuel precursors on wildfires. The top-down dominance on wildfires is more widespread than bottom-up dominance, accounting for 73.3% and 26.7% of regions, respectively. The top-down precursors dominate in the tropical rainforests, mid-latitudes, and eastern Siberian boreal forests. The bottom-up precursors dominate in North American and European boreal forests, and African and Australian savannahs. Our study identifies areas where wildfires are governed by fuel conditions and hence where fuel management practices may be more effective. Moreover, our study also highlights that top-down and bottom-up precursors show complementary wildfire predictability across timescales. Seasonal or interannual predictions are feasible in regions where bottom-up precursors dominate., (© 2023. The Author(s).)
Published: 2023
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49. Multi-year belowground data of minirhizotron facilities in Selhausen.

Author: Lärm L, Bauer FM, Hermes N, van der Kruk J, Vereecken H, Vanderborght J, Nguyen TH, Lopez G, Seidel SJ, Ewert F, Schnepf A, and Klotzsche A
Abstract: The production of crops secure the human food supply, but climate change is bringing new challenges. Dynamic plant growth and corresponding environmental data are required to uncover phenotypic crop responses to the changing environment. There are many datasets on above-ground organs of crops, but roots and the surrounding soil are rarely the subject of longer term studies. Here, we present what we believe to be the first comprehensive collection of root and soil data, obtained at two minirhizotron facilities located close together that have the same local climate but differ in soil type. Both facilities have 7m-long horizontal tubes at several depths that were used for crosshole ground-penetrating radar and minirhizotron camera systems. Soil sensors provide observations at a high temporal and spatial resolution. The ongoing measurements cover five years of maize and wheat trials, including drought stress treatments and crop mixtures. We make the processed data available for use in investigating the processes within the soil-plant continuum and the root images to develop and compare image analysis methods., (© 2023. Springer Nature Limited.)
Published: 2023
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50. Incorporating straw into intensively farmed cropland soil can reduce N 2 O emission via inhibition of nitrification and denitrification pathways.

Author: Zhang X, Liang Q, Wang G, Zhang H, Zhang A, Tan Y, and Bol R
Subjects: Denitrification, Nitrous Oxide analysis, Soil Microbiology, Agriculture, Fertilizers, Crops, Agricultural, Soil chemistry, Nitrification
Abstract: Straw incorporation (SI) combined with N fertilizer has been shown to affect soil N 2 O emission and N-related functional microbes in agriculture. However, the responses of N 2 O emission, community structure of nitrifiers and denitrifiers and related microbial functional genes to straw management strategies in the winter wheat season in China remain unclear. Here, we conducted a two-season experiment in a winter wheat field in Ningjing County, northern China, to examine four treatments: no fertilizer with (N0S1) and without maize straw (N0S0); N fertilizer with (N1S1) and without maize straw (N1S0), and their effects on N 2 O emissions, soil chemical parameters, crop yield, as well as the dynamics of nitrifying and denitrifying microbial communities. We found that seasonal N 2 O emissions decreased by 7.1-11.1% (p < 0.05) in N1S1 as compared to N1S0, without significant difference between N0S1 and N0S0. In combination with N fertilization, SI increased the yield by 2.6-4.3%, altered the microbial community composition, increased Shannon and ACE indexes, and decreased the abundance of AOA (9.2%), AOB (32.2%; p < 0.05), nirS (35.2%; p < 0.05), nirK (21.6%; p < 0.05) and nosZ (19.2%). However, in the absence of N fertilizer, SI promoted the major genera of Nitrosavbrio (AOB), unclassifiied_Gammaproteobacteria, Rhodanobacter (nirS), Sinorhizobium (nirK), which strongly correlated positively with N 2 O emissions. Thereby, a negative interaction effect between SI and N fertilizer on AOB and nirS emphasized that SI could offset the increase of N 2 O emission caused by fertilization. Soil moisture and NO 3 - O emission significantly and simultaneously decreased the abundance of N-related functional genes and altered denitrifying bacterial community composition. We conclude that SI helps to enhance yield and alleviate fertilizer-induced environmental costs in intensively farmed fields in northern China.2 O emission significantly and simultaneously decreased the abundance of N-related functional genes and altered denitrifying bacterial community composition. We conclude that SI helps to enhance yield and alleviate fertilizer-induced environmental costs in intensively farmed fields in northern China., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors have no relevant financial interests to disclose., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2023
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