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7,019 results on '"Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)"'

1. Current challenges and future perspectives in oral absorption research : an opinion of the UNGAP network

Author: Saskia N. de Wildt, Patrick Augustijns, Anette Müllertz, Mark McAllister, Cordula Stillhart, Brendan T. Griffin, James Butler, Kateřina Valentová, Andreas Bernkop-Schnürch, Nigel Davies, Caitriona M. O'Driscoll, Christos Reppas, Hannah Batchelor, Clive G. Wilson, Filippos Kesisoglou, Mirko Koziolek, Maria Vertzoni, Alan R. Mackie, Bertil Abrahamsson, Christopher J.H. Porter, Kiyohiko Sugano, Jadwiga Paszkowska, Zahari Vinarov, Didier Dupont, Martin Kuentz, Nikoletta Fotaki, Janneke Keemink, Jens Ceulemans, Petr Pavek, Gøril Eide Flaten, Elena Toader, Per Artursson, Vincent Jannin, Philippe Berben, Neil Parrott, Antonio J. Meléndez-Martínez, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Medical University of Sofia [Bulgarie], Oral Product Development, Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, Operations, ASTRAZENECA R/D GLOBAL SAFETY ASSESSMENT SODERTALJE SWE, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala University, Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UCB Pharma S.A.[Braine-l'Alleud], Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, GlaxoSmithKline, Glaxo Smith Kline, Janssen Pharmaceutica N.V. [Beerse, Belgium], AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden, Science et Technologie du Lait et de l'Oeuf (STLO), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Department of Pharmacy, University of Tromsø (UiT), Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath [Bath], School of Pharmacy, University College Cork (UCC), Lonza Pharma & Biotech, Lonza AG, Valais Works, CH-3930 Visp, Switzerland, Partenaires INRAE-Partenaires INRAE, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Merck & Co. Inc., Merck Research laboratories, Merck & Co. Inc-Merck & Co. Inc, AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co KG, Abbott GmbH & Co KG, Institute for Pharma Technology, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland (HES-SO), School of Food Science & Nutrition, University of Leeds, Food Colour & Quality Laboratory, Area of Nutrition & Food Science, Universidad de Sevilla, Drug Product Design, Pfizer PGRD, Pfizer-Pfizer, University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd. [Basel, Switzerland], Physiolution Polska Sp. Z o.o., Wroclaw, Poland, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University Faculty of Medicine and Faculty Hospital in Hradec Kralove, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Iasi, Romania, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic, and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud University Medical Center
Subjects: VIVO PERFORMANCE, Administration, Oral, Pharmaceutical Science, 02 engineering and technology, Absorption (psychology), Pharmaceutical Sciences, INTESTINAL PERMEABILITY, Medicine, FED STATE, Food-drug interactions, 0303 health sciences, Specific patient populations, BIOPHARMACEUTICS TOOLS PROJECT, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, In vitro tools, 3. Good health, Pharmaceutical Preparations, Colonic absorption, BIORELEVANT DISSOLUTION, Engineering ethics, 0210 nano-technology, Amorphous solid dispersions, Advanced formulations, Drug Compounding, DOSAGE FORMS, RS, 03 medical and health sciences, Lipid-based formulations, Animals, Humans, Regional differences, Computer Simulation, 030304 developmental biology, PHARMACOKINETIC PBPK, DRUG-DELIVERY SYSTEMS, PBPK modeling, IN-VITRO MODELS, business.industry, VDP::Medical disciplines: 700::Basic medical, dental and veterinary science disciplines: 710::Pharmacology: 728, Farmaceutiska vetenskaper, Gastrointestinal Tract, Intestinal Absorption, LIPID-BASED FORMULATIONS, VDP::Medisinske Fag: 700::Basale medisinske, odontologiske og veterinærmedisinske fag: 710::Farmakologi: 728, Microbiome, Renal disorders Radboud Institute for Health Sciences [Radboudumc 11], business, [SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, Oral retinoid
Abstract: Although oral drug delivery is the preferred administration route and has been used for centuries, modern drug discovery and development pipelines challenge conventional formulation approaches and highlight the insufficient mechanistic understanding of processes critical to oral drug absorption. This review presents the opinion of UNGAP scientists on four key themes across the oral absorption landscape: (1) specific patient populations, (2) regional differences in the gastrointestinal tract, (3) advanced formulations and (4) food-drug interactions. The differences of oral absorption in pediatric and geriatric populations, the specific issues in colonic absorption, the formulation approaches for poorly water-soluble (small molecules) and poorly permeable (peptides, RNA etc.) drugs, as well as the vast realm of food effects, are some of the topics discussed in detail. The identified controversies and gaps in the current understanding of gastrointestinal absorption-related processes are used to create a roadmap for the future of oral drug absorption research.(c) 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Published: 2021

2. A simultaneous assessment of organic matter and trace elements bio-accessibility in substrate and digestate from an anaerobic digestion plant

Author: Rémy Buzier, Andreina Laera, Eric D. van Hullebusch, Mattias Hedenström, Sepehr Shakeri Yekta, Mårten Dario, Giovanni Esposito, Gilles Guibaud, Laboratoire Géomatériaux et Environnement (LGE), Université Paris-Est Marne-la-Vallée (UPEM), Développement d’indicateurs ou prévision de la qualité des eaux, Ecosystèmes aquatiques et changements globaux (UR EABX), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-PEIRENE (PEIRENE), Institut Génomique, Environnement, Immunité, Santé, Thérapeutique (GEIST), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Institut Génomique, Environnement, Immunité, Santé, Thérapeutique (GEIST), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM), Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPG Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Univ Limoges, PEIRENE, Equipe Dev Indicateurs Previs Qual Eaux, URA IRSTEA, 123 Ave Albert Thomas, F-87060 Limoges, France, Linkoping Univ, Dept Themat Studies Environm Change, S-58183 Linkoping, Sweden, Linkoping Univ, Biogas Res Ctr, S-58183 Linkoping, Sweden, Umea Univ, Dept Chem, SE-90187 Umea, Sweden, Umeå University, Groupement de Recherche Eau, Sol, Environnement (GRESE), Université de Limoges (UNILIM), Univ Napoli Federico II, Dept Civil Architectural & Environm Engn, Via Claudio 21, I-80125 Naples, Italy, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-IPG PARIS-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), European Union (EU) 643071Swedish Research Council Formas 2016-01054, PEIRENE (PEIRENE), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Ecosystèmes aquatiques et changements globaux (UR EABX), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Laera, A., Shakeri Yekta, S., Hedenstrom, M., Buzier, R., Guibaud, G., Dario, M., Esposito, Giovanni, and van Hullebusch, E. D.
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Environmental Engineering, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Bioengineering, 010501 environmental sciences, Chemical Fractionation, Trace elements fractionation, 01 natural sciences, Sequential chemical extraction, NMR spectroscopy, 010608 biotechnology, Metals, Heavy, Organic matter, Anaerobiosis, Waste Management and Disposal, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, chemistry.chemical_classification, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, Organic matter fractionation, Anaerobiosi, Substrate (chemistry), General Medicine, Bio accessibility, Trace Elements, Anaerobic digestion, chemistry, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Anaerobic co-digestion, Environmental chemistry, Digestate
Abstract: This study evaluates a simultaneous assessment of organic matter (OM) and trace elements (TE) bio-accessibility in substrate and digestate from a full-scale anaerobic digester by a sequential OM extraction method. Simultaneous release of TE was determined along with the extraction of different OM fractions and the effects of extracting reagents on characteristics of OM were evaluated by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The reagents used for sequential extraction of OM were not enough selective. However, proteins were particularly removed by 0.1 M NaOH, while 72% H2SO4 mainly extracted hemicellulose and cellulose. The OM fractionation allowed for simultaneous extraction of >60% of total As, Cd, Co, Fe, Mn, Ni and Zn, while the extraction was limited for Al, Cr, Cu, Mo, and Pb. In substrate, >50% of total As, Co, Mn and Ni and
Published: 2019

3. Interannual variability in the trophic niche of young‐of‐year fish belonging to four piscivorous species coexisting in a natural lake

Author: Samuel Westrelin, Paride Balzani, Phillip Joschka Haubrock, Frédéric Santoul, Risques, Ecosystèmes, Vulnérabilité, Environnement, Résilience (RECOVER), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH BOHEMIA CESKE BUDEJOVICE CZE, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Senckenberg – Leibniz Institution for Biodiversity and Earth System Research - Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Leibniz Association, Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum [Frankfurt], Leibniz Association-Leibniz Association, Gulf University for Science and Technology (GUST), Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Silurus glanis, stable isotopes, Aquatic Science, Esox lucius, Perca fluviatilis, Sander lucioperca
Abstract: Predatory fish species play a key role in aquatic ecosystems by exerting top-down control on the food web. Also, their intra-guild trophic interactions (i.e. competition) are crucial for the stability of the community. However, most studies focus on adult stages, while juveniles remain poorly studied, although their recruitment is the basis for the maintenance of predator populations. We analysed carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes ratios of the young-of-year of four coexisting widespread predatory fish species (northern pike Esox lucius, European perch Perca fluviatilis, pikeperch Sander lucioperca, and European catfish Silurus glanis), sampled over 3 years in a shallow natural lake. We found that the hierarchy in trophic position between species was consistent across years and similar to that known for adults, but with large variations around a general pattern: pike and pikeperch tended to occupy the highest trophic positions while perch occupied the lowest, and catfish had very varying positions. Species partitioned their niches to decrease interspecific competition, but with some occasional overlaps, contributing to preserving their body condition. Depending on density, which was particularly impacted by harsh environmental conditions, niche overlap fluctuated across years, leading to niche enlargement of densely populated species, except for catfish. These mechanisms enabled species coexistence, allowing the co-occurrence of alien and native predators within the same ecosystem. This work advocates for time-integrated studies of trophic webs because they capture the variability of their dynamics better than a static picture. This is particularly true for juveniles whose survival strongly depends on their capacity to cope with competition. Information from trophic mid-term studies of juveniles provides valuable guidance for optimised management of species.
Published: 2023

4. Au@BN-enhanced laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry and imaging for determination of fipronil and its metabolites in food and biological samples

Author: Yanfang Zhao, Rabah Boukherroub, Guiju Xu, Huijuan Li, Ru-Song Zhao, Qin Wei, Xiang Yu, Xiangfeng Chen, China University of Geosciences [Beijing], Institut d’Électronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie - UMR 8520 (IEMN), Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-JUNIA (JUNIA), Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université catholique de Lille (UCL), NanoBioInterfaces - IEMN (NBI - IEMN), Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-JUNIA (JUNIA), Qilu University of Technology, Universität Bayreuth, DEPARTMENT OF MICROBIOLOGY AND PLANT BIOLOGY UNIVERSITY OF OKLAHOMA NORMAN USA, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Key Laboratory for Apllied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical and Prevention, and Acknowledgment The research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51571183, 22106080), Jinan University and Institute Innovation Team Project (2021GXRC090), the Program for Taishan Scholars of Shandong Province (NO. tsqn 202103099, X. Chen, ts20190948, R. Zhao), and the pilot project on the integration of science education and production (2022PYI013).
Subjects: [PHYS]Physics [physics], [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Food matrices, Metabolites, Au@BN, General Medicine, Fipronil, LDI-MS, Food Science, Analytical Chemistry, Imaging
Abstract: International audience; AbstractGold nanoparticles (AuNPs) represent an attractive inorganic matrix for laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (LDI-MS) detection of low-molecular-weight analytes; however, their direct use is hindered by severe aggregation. To limit AuNPs aggregation, hexagonal boron nitride nanosheets (h-BNNs) were employed as supports to improve their desorption/ionization efficiency. Thus, Au@BN was synthesized and systematically characterized. It showed low background noise and high sensitivity for LDI-MS of fipronil and its metabolites. Au@BN-assisted LDI-MS was validated using complex samples including blueberry juice, green tea beverage, and fish muscle, achieving low detection limits (0.05–0.20 µg·L−1 for liquid media, 0.82–1.25 ng·g−1 for fish muscle), wide linear ranges (0.2–100 µg·L−1 for liquid media, 3.00–1000 ng·g−1 for fish muscle), high reproducibility (7.55%–13.7%), and satisfactory recoveries (82.62%–109.1%). Furthermore, spatial distributions of analytes in strawberries and zebrafish were successfully imaged. This strategy allows for the quantitative analysis of other small molecules in complex substrates.
Published: 2023

5. Hybrid security approach for behavioural privacy of business processes in a Cloud environment

Author: Abdmeziem, Farah, Boukhedouma, Saida, Oussalah, Mourad Chabane, USTHB DZA, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Laboratoire des Sciences du Numérique de Nantes (LS2N), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-École Centrale de Nantes (Nantes Univ - ECN), Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes université - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (Nantes univ - UFR ST), Nantes Université - pôle Sciences et technologie, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université - pôle Sciences et technologie, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ), and LNCS
Subjects: [INFO]Computer Science [cs]
Abstract: International audience; Nowadays, many public and private institutions are inter-ested to benefit from the advantages of the Cloud Computing technol-ogy, especially when it comes to massive data storage. However, thereis one issue related to security that impedes the widely adoption of thistechnology. Indeed, using cloud services for data storage implies that theclients must trust the Cloud provider with their data and even morecritically losing full control on data. Nevertheless, there exists a solutionto bypass this security issue that consists in securing data on the client’spremises, i.e. before it is sent to the Cloud provider for storage. One ofthe widely used security mechanism to this matter is data encryption.Encryption comes in two main schemes symmetric and asymmetric witha number of encryption algorithms for each scheme. Hence, relying onthe data encryption mechanism the contribution of this work is three-fold. First of all, we propose a meta-model that represents the result ofthe study and the comparison of the state-of-the-art works. Thus, themeta-model can be used as a referential to instantiate different solutionsto data security. Second, we use our meta-model to propose a novel ap-proach for securing data in a Cloud environment. The solution relies onsecurity patterns that provide a customized data encryption. Finally, en-cryption has surely proven its security effectiveness but comes with somedrawbacks. Indeed, encryption can be costly in time and induces perfor-mances’ overheads especially when it comes to encrypt massive amountsof data. Plus, these overheads are not without consequences on the envi-ronment and can increase the carbon footprint of servers. Therefore, weextend our meta-model to consider the impact of the encryption securitymechanism on the environment. This extension is used to evaluate ourproposed solution and to show its positive impact on the environment.
Published: 2023

6. Site selection for European native oyster ( Ostrea edulis ) habitat restoration projects: An expert‐derived consensus

Author: Anna Hughes, Kruno Bonačić, Tom Cameron, Ken Collins, Fiz da Costa, Alison Debney, Luca van Duren, Jesper Elzinga, José M. Fariñas‐Franco, Celine Gamble, Luke Helmer, Zoë Holbrook, Eric Holden, Katherine Knight, James A. J. Murphy, Bernadette Pogoda, Stéphane Pouvreau, Joanne Preston, Alec Reid, Emilie Reuchlin‐Hugenholtz, William G. Sanderson, David Smyth, Brecht Stechele, Åsa Strand, John A. Theodorou, Matt Uttley, Ben Wray, Philine S. E. zu Ermgassen, Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, Building and Nuclear Safety (Germany), German Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research (Germany), Da Costa, Fiz, University of Edinburgh, University of Dubrovnik, University of Essex, University of Southampton, Centro Nacional Instituto Espanol de Oceanografia, Centro Oceanographico de Vigo (IEO-CSIC), Zoological Society of London - ZSL (UNITED KINGDOM), Deltares [The Netherlands], Van Oord Dredging & Marine Contractors, Atlantic Technology University, Blue Marine Fondation, Ocean Interfaces, ARC Marine, Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), University of Portsmouth, Galway Bay Oyster Restoration, WWF-Netherlands, Heriot-Watt University [Edinburgh] (HWU), Bangor University, Universiteit Gent = Ghent University (UGENT), Swedish Environmental Research Institute (IVL), University of Patras, NATURAL RESOURCES WALES LLANELLI GBR, Partenaires IRSTEA, and Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)
Subjects: threats, Project logistics, Ecology, [SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, Biotic factor, decision making, Delphi, ecological restoration, project logistics, socio-economic factors, Socio-economic factors, Aquatic Science, Build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization and foster innovation, biotic factor, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Threats, Decision making, Ecological restoration, Nature and Landscape Conservation
Abstract: The European native oyster (Ostrea edulis) is a threatened keystone species which historically created extensive, physically complex, biogenic habitats throughout European seas. Overfishing and direct habitat destruction, subsequently compounded by pollution, invasive species, disease, predation and climate change have resulted in the functional extinction of native oyster habitat across much of its former range. Although oyster reef habitat remains imperilled, active restoration efforts are rapidly gaining momentum. Identifying appropriate sites for habitat restoration is an essential first step in long-term project success. In this study, a three-round Delphi process was conducted to determine the most important factors to consider in site selection for European native oyster habitat restoration projects. Consensus was reached on a total of 65 factors as being important to consider in site selection for European native oyster habitat restoration projects. In addition to the abiotic factors typically included in habitat suitability models, socio-economic and logistical factors were found to be important. Determining the temporal and spatial variability of threats to native oyster habitat restoration and understanding the biotic factors present at a proposed restoration site also influence the potential for project scale-up and longevity. This list guides site selection by identifying: a shortlist of measurable factors which should be considered; the relevant data to collect; topics for discussion in participatory mapping processes; information of interest from the existing body of local ecological knowledge; and factors underpinning supportive and facilitating regulatory frameworks., This work was the product of the Site Selection Working Group within the Native Oyster Restoration Alliance (NORA). The NORA Secretariat are funded by the Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety (Bundesministerium für Umwelt, Naturschutz und Reaktorsicherheit) and the German Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (Bundesamt für Naturschutz) through the Federal Program for Biodiversity and the Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research within the project PROCEED (FKZ 3517685013). PSEzE was supported by The Nature Conservancy, Global Ocean Team.
Published: 2023

7. Tides, Internal and Near-Inertial Waves in the Yermak Pass at the Entrance of the Atlantic Water to the Arctic Ocean

Author: Artana, Camila, Provost, Christine, Ferrari, Ramiro, Bricaud, Clément, Poli, Léa, Park, Young-Hyang, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar de Barcelona (ICM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Austral, Boréal et Carbone (ABC), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), NOVELTIS LABEGE FRA, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Mercator Océan, Société Civile CNRS Ifremer IRD Météo-France SHOM, Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), ANR-10-EQPX-0032,IAOOS,Système d'observation de la glace, de l'atmopshère et de l'océan en Arctique(2010), European Project: 603887,EC:FP7:ENV,FP7-ENV-2013-two-stage,ICE-ARC(2014), European Commission, and Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España)
Subjects: [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Geophysics, Space and Planetary Science, Geochemistry and Petrology, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Oceanography
Abstract: 19 pages, 14 figures, 3 tables, 1 appendix, supporting information https://doi.org/10.1029/2022JC019082.-- Data Availability Statement: The raw and 50 hr high-pass filtered mooring data are available in the SEANOE data base: https://doi.org/10.17882/89349 and the 50 hr low-pass filtered mooring data at https://doi.org/10.17882/83214. The model outputs are available at: Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service (CMEMS; http://marine.copernicus.eu), In the crucial region of the Yermak Plateau where warm Atlantic water enters the Arctic ocean, we examined high frequency variations in the Yermak Pass Branch over a 34 months-long mooring data set. The mooring was ice covered only half of the time with ice-free periods both in summer and winter. We investigated the contribution of residual tidal currents to the low frequency flow of Atlantic Water (AW) and high frequency variations in velocity shears possibly associated with internal waves. High resolution model simulations including tides show that diurnal tide forced an anticyclonic circulation around the Yermak Plateau. This residual circulation helps the northward penetration of the AW into the Arctic. Tides should be taken into account when examining low frequency AW inflow. High frequency variations in velocity shears are mainly concentrated in a broad band around 12 hr in the Yermak Pass. Anticyclonic eddies, observed during ice-free conditions, modulate the shear signal. Semi-diurnal internal stationary waves dominate high frequency variations in velocity shears. The stationary waves could result from the interaction of freely propagating semi-diurnal internal waves generated by diurnal barotropic tides on critical slopes around the plateau. The breaking of the stationary waves with short length scales possibly contribute to mixing of AW at the entrance to the Arctic, The field work was funded through the ANR EQUIPEX IAOOS project through ANR-10-EQX-32-01 grant and the ICE-ARC programme from the European Union 7th Framework Programme, Grant 603887.[...] Camila Artana acknowledges funding from the Spanish government (AEI) through the “Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence” accreditation (CEX2019-000928-S) and Lea Poli from a Sorbonne Université Ph.D. scolarship. This work is a contribution to H2020 Arctic Passion project, Grant 101003472
Published: 2023

8. Soil organic carbon models need independent time-series validation for reliable prediction

Author: Julia Le Noë, Stefano Manzoni, Rose Abramoff, Tobias Bölscher, Elisa Bruni, Rémi Cardinael, Philippe Ciais, Claire Chenu, Hugues Clivot, Delphine Derrien, Fabien Ferchaud, Patricia Garnier, Daniel Goll, Gwenaëlle Lashermes, Manuel Martin, Daniel Rasse, Frédéric Rees, Julien Sainte-Marie, Elodie Salmon, Marcus Schiedung, Josh Schimel, William Wieder, Samuel Abiven, Pierre Barré, Lauric Cécillon, Bertrand Guenet, Laboratoire de géologie de l'ENS (LGENS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES Paris ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Department of Physical Geography [Stockholm], Stockholm University, Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [Berkeley] (LBNL), Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Agroécologie et Intensification Durables des cultures annuelles (UPR AIDA), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), University of Zimbabwe (UZ), Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement (FARE), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Unité de recherche Biogéochimie des Ecosystèmes Forestiers (BEF), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Transfrontalière BioEcoAgro - UMR 1158 (BioEcoAgro), Université d'Artois (UA)-Université de Liège-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Université de Lille-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-JUNIA (JUNIA), Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université catholique de Lille (UCL), Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes (UMR Eco&Sols), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Info&Sols (Info&Sols), Norsk institutt for bioøkonomi=Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), SILVA (SILVA), AgroParisTech-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Oak Ridge National Laboratory [Oak Ridge] (ORNL), UT-Battelle, LLC, DEPARTMENT OF GEOGRAPHY UNIVERSITY OF ZURICH CHE, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology [Santa Barbara] (EEMB), University of California [Santa Barbara] (UC Santa Barbara), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Climate and Global Dynamics Division [Boulder] (CGD), National Center for Atmospheric Research [Boulder] (NCAR), Institute of Arctic Alpine Research [University of Colorado Boulder] (INSTAAR), University of Colorado [Boulder], Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Etude et Compréhension de la biodiversité (ECODIV), Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), This contribution has been partly supported by the grant 'Holistic management practices,modelling and monitoring for European forest soils' (HoliSoils) (Horizon 2020Grant 101000289), by CLand programme (ANR-16-CONV-0003). S.M. has receivedfunding from the European Research Council under the European Union’s Horizon 2020Research and Innovation Programme (Grant 101001608). D.S.G. has benefited from theFrench state aid managed by the ANR under the 'Investissements d’avenir' programmewith the reference ANR-16-CONV-0003. C.C. has received support from French AgenceNationale de la Recherche (StoreSoilC project, grant ANR- 17-CE32-0005) and from EUH2020 European Joint programme EJP SOIL (grant agreement no. 869625). W.R.W.would like to acknowledge United States Department of Agriculture award #2020-67019-31395 and US National Science Foundation award #1926413., ANR-16-CONV-0003,CLAND,CLAND : Changement climatique et usage des terres(2016), ANR-17-CE32-0005,StoreSoilC,Potentiel et durabilité du stockage de carbone dans les sols agricoles(2017), University of Zurich, and Le Noë, Julia
Subjects: P33 - Chimie et physique du sol, U10 - Informatique, mathématiques et statistiques, P40 - Météorologie et climatologie, Carbone organique du sol, 1900 General Earth and Planetary Sciences, technique de prévision, 2300 General Environmental Science, 10122 Institute of Geography, Modélisation, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, U30 - Méthodes de recherche, 910 Geography & travel, Analyse de séries chronologiques, General Environmental Science
Abstract: Numerical models are crucial to understand and/or predict past and future soil organic carbon dynamics. For those models aiming at prediction, validation is a critical step to gain confidence in projections. With a comprehensive review of ~250 models, we assess how models are validated depending on their objectives and features, discuss how validation of predictive models can be improved. We find a critical lack of independent validation using observed time series. Conducting such validations should be a priority to improve the model reliability. Approximately 60% of the models we analysed are not designed for predictions, but rather for conceptual understanding of soil processes. These models provide important insights by identifying key processes and alternative formalisms that can be relevant for predictive models. We argue that combining independent validation based on observed time series and improved information flow between predictive and conceptual models will increase reliability in predictions.
Published: 2023

9. Concepts in Water Security, Natural Assurance Schemes and Nature-Based Solutions

Author: Peter van der Keur, Nora Van Cauwenbergh, Elena López Gunn, Jonatan Godinez Madrigal, Philippe Le Coent, Raffaele Giordano, Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS), Institute for Water Education (IHE Delft ), I CATALIST MADRID ESP, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Gestion de l'Eau, Acteurs, Usages (UMR G-EAU), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-AgroParisTech-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), CNR Water Research Institute (IRSA), and National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)
Subjects: Water security, Ecosystem-based approach, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Natural assurance scheme, Readiness level
Abstract: This chapter provides the context of water security for ecosystem-based approaches, notably nature-based solutions (NBS) operationalized in natural assurance schemes (NAS). The huge potential and value of nature-based solutions to both mitigate the effect of water while providing large and important co-benefits is addressed in this book and for this a deeper understanding is needed on how this contributes to water security and how barriers to implementation of NBS and NAS can be overcome. Firstly, relevant concepts and approaches of water security are introduced and reviewed; secondly, the assurance and insurance value is elaborated upon as distinct properties of ecosystem-based approaches; thirdly, the concepts of readiness levels for technology and knowledge, socio-institutionality and investment are introduced to address barriers for the operationalization of the value of ecosystem-based schemes to develop and harvest the full potential of climate resilient investments while addressing EU policies, including the Green Deal, Climate Adaptation Strategy and Strategy for Biodiversity. Finally, based on this chapter, overarching questions are posed which are addressed and discussed in the course of this book.
Published: 2023

10. Nondestructive inspection of surface nanostructuring using label-free optical super-resolution imaging

Author: Aguilar, Alberto, Khalil, Alain, Pallares Aldeiturriaga, David, Sedao, Xxx, Mauclair, Cyril, Bon, Pierre, Photonique Fibre et Sources Cohérentes (XLIM-PHOT), XLIM (XLIM), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Hubert Curien (LHC), Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), GIE MANUTECH-USD SAINT ETIENNE FRA, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), European Project: 848645,SPECIPHIC, European Project: 951730,LaserImplant, and BON, Pierre
Subjects: [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], [CHIM.MATE] Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, Multidisciplinary, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, [SPI.NANO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics
Abstract: Ultrafast laser processing can induce surface nanostructurating (SNS) in most materials with dimensions close to the irradiation laser wavelength. In-situ SNS characterization could be key for laser parameter's fine-tuning, essential for the generation of complex and/or hybrid nanostructures. Laser Induced Periodic Surface Structures (LIPSS) created in the ultraviolet (UV) range generate the most fascinating effects. They are however highly challenging to characterize in a non-destructive manner since their dimensions can be as small as 100 nm. Conventional optical imaging methods are indeed limited by diffraction to a resolution of ≈ 150 nm. Although optical super-resolution techniques can go beyond the diffraction limit, which in theory allows the visualization of LIPSS, most super-resolution methods require the presence of small probes (such as fluorophores) which modifies the sample and is usually incompatible with a direct surface inspection. In this paper, we demonstrate that a modified label-free Confocal Reflectance Microscope (CRM) in a photon reassignment regime (also called re-scan microscopy) can detect sub-diffraction limit LIPSS. SNS generated on a titanium sample irradiated with a λ =257 nm femtosecond UV-laser were characterized with nanostructuring period ranging from 105 nm to 172 nm. Our label-free, non-destructive optical surface inspection was done at 180µm²/s, and the results are compared with commercial SEM showing the metrological efficiency of our approach., L'interaction entre un laser ultrarapide et une objet peut induire une nanostructuration de surface (NSS) dans la plupart des matériaux, avec des dimensions proches de la longueur d'onde du laser d'irradiation. La caractérisation de NSS in-situ pourrait être la clé permettant un réglage fin des paramètres lasers, essentiel pour la génération de nanostructures complexes et/ou hybrides. Les structures de surface périodiques induites par laser (LIPSS) générées par une illumination ultraviolette (UV) génèrent les effets les plus fascinants. Ils sont cependant très difficiles à caractériser de manière non destructive puisque leurs dimensions descendre à 100 nm. Les méthodes d'imagerie optique classiques sont en effet limitées par la diffraction à une résolution de ≈ 150 nm. Bien que les techniques de super-résolution optique puissent aller au-delà de la limite de diffraction, ce qui permet en théorie la visualisation de LIPSS, la plupart des méthodes de super-résolution nécessitent la présence de petites sondes (comme des fluorophores) qui modifient l'échantillon et sont généralement incompatibles avec une imagerie directe des surfaces. Dans cet article, nous démontrons qu'un microscope confocale en réflectance sans marquage (CRM) dans un régime de réallocation de photons (également appelé microscopie de re-scan) peut détecter des LIPSS spis la limite de diffraction. Les NSS générées sur un échantillon de titane irradié avec un laser UV femtoseconde λ = 257 nm ont été caractérisés avec une période de nanostructuration allant de 105 nm à 172 nm. Notre inspection de surface optique sans marquage et non destructive a été effectuée à 180 µm²/s, et les résultats sont comparés avec un MEB commercial montrant l'efficacité métrologique de notre approche.
Published: 2023

11. Are Nurse Coordinators Really Performing Coordination Pathway Activities? A Comparative Analysis of Case Studies in Oncology

Author: Maria-Ximena Acero, Etienne Minvielle, Mathias Waelli, École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP), Institut du Management (IDM), Centre de Recherches sur l'Action Politique en Europe (ARENES), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut d'Études Politiques [IEP] - Rennes-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR), École polytechnique (i3-CRG), Palaiseau, France, INSTITUTE OF GLOBAL HEALTH FACULTY OF MEDICINE UNIVERSITY OF GENEVA CHE, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), and Internationale
Subjects: Health Information Management, Leadership and Management, Health Policy, Non-coordination, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Health Informatics, nurse coordinator, activity, care coordination, non-coordination, activity of the patient pathway nurse coordinators in oncology, Activity of Patient Pathway Nurse Coordinators in Oncology (APANCO), Nurse coordinator, Activity
Abstract: International audience; Patient Pathway Coordination (PPC) improves patient care quality and safety, particularly in oncology. PPC roles, such as nurse coordinators (NCs), have positively impacted the quality of patient care and reduced financial costs. However, NCs and their real activities in Health Care Organizations (HCOs) are unclear. Our aim was to identify, quantify, and compare all activities performed by NCs in oncology care settings from an organizational approach. Methods: We used qualitative and quantitative approaches based on case study principles. We accumulated 325 observation hours by shadowing and timing the activities of 14 NCs in four French HCO in oncology. Data analysis was conducted using an analytical framework to investigate the Activity of PAtient PAthway Nurse Coordinators in Oncology (APANCO). Results: Our research generated important findings: (1) NC roles and job titles are not standardized. (2) Non-coordination related activities are important in NC work content. Non-coordination times were consistent with distribution times between ward NCs and NCs in centralized structures. Ward NCs had higher non-coordination activities when compared with NCs in centralized structures. (3) PPC times varied for both ward NCs and NCs in centralized structures. Ward NCs performed less design coordination when compared with NCs in centralized structures, and this latter group also performed more external coordination than ward NCs. Conclusions: NCs do not just perform PPC activities. Their position in HCO structures, wards, or centralized structures, influence their work content. Centralized structures allow NCs to focus on their PPC roles. We also highlight different dimensions of NC work and training requirements. Our study could help managers and decision-makers develop PPC roles in oncology.
Published: 2023
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12. Environmental variability in aquatic ecosystems: Avenues for future multifactorial experiments

Author: Gerhard, Miriam, Koussoroplis, Apostolos‐Manuel, Raatz, Michael, Pansch, Christian, Fey, Samuel B., Vajedsamiei, Jahangir, Calderó‐Pascual, Maria, Cunillera‐Montcusí, David, Juvigny‐Khenafou, Noël P. D., Polazzo, Francesco, Thomas, Patrick K., Symons, Celia C., Beklioğlu, Meryem, Berger, Stella A., Chefaoui, Rosa M., Ger, Kemal Ali, Langenheder, Silke, Nejstgaard, Jens C., Ptacnik, Robert, Striebel, Maren, Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, University of Oldenburg, University of Oldenburg, Laboratoire Microorganismes : Génome et Environnement (LMGE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Department for Evolutionary Theory, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Environmental and Marine Biology, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Department of Biology, Reed college, Portland, OR, USA, Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research [Kiel] (GEOMAR), CENTRE FOR FRESHWATER AND ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES DUNDALK INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY CO LOUTH IRELAND GBR, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), AquaScale Lab, WasserCluster Lunz - Biologische Station GmbH, Lunz am See, Freshwater Ecology, Hydrology and Management (FEHM), UNIVERSITY OF KOBLENZ LANDAU INSTITUTE FOR ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES LANDAU DEU, Department of Ecotoxicology, IMDEA Water Institute, Alcala de Henares, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, Department of Biological Sciences and Centre for Ecosystem Research and Implementation, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Department of Plankton and Microbial Ecology, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Stechlin, ESCET, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos [Madrid] (URJC), Department of Ecology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, and Uppsala University, Department of Ecology and Genetics/Limnology, Uppsala, Sweden
Subjects: Ekologi, Ecology, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Q Science (General), [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, QS Ecology
Abstract: International audience; The relevance of considering environmental variability for understanding and predicting biological responses to environmental changes has resulted in a recent surge in variability-focused ecological research. However, integration of findings that emerge across studies and identification of remaining knowledge gaps in aquatic ecosystems remain critical. Here, we address these aspects by: (1) summarizing relevant terms of variability research including the components (characteristics) of variability and key interactions when considering multiple environmental factors; (2) identifying conceptual frameworks for understanding the consequences of environmental variability in single and multifactorial scenarios; (3) highlighting challenges for bridging theoretical and experimental studies involving transitioning from simple to more complex scenarios; (4) proposing improved approaches to overcome current mismatches between theoretical predictions and experimental observations; and (5) providing a guide for designing integrated experiments across multiple scales, degrees of control, and complexity in light of their specific strengths and limitations.
Published: 2023

13. Scaling of Activity Space in Marine Organisms across Latitudinal Gradients

Author: Vinay Udyawer, Charlie Huveneers, Fabrice Jaine, Russell C. Babcock, Stephanie Brodie, Marie-Jeanne Buscot, Hamish A. Campbell, Robert G. Harcourt, Xavier Hoenner, Elodie J. I. Lédée, Colin A. Simpfendorfer, Matthew D. Taylor, Asia Armstrong, Adam Barnett, Culum Brown, Barry Bruce, Paul A. Butcher, Gwenael Cadiou, Lydie I. E. Couturier, Leanne Currey-Randall, Michael Drew, Christine L. Dudgeon, Ross G. Dwyer, Mario Espinoza, Luciana C. Ferreira, Anthony Fowler, David Harasti, Alastair R. Harborne, Nathan A. Knott, Kate Lee, Matt Lloyd, Michael Lowry, Teagan Marzullo, Jordan Matley, Jaime D. McAllister, Rory McAuley, Frazer McGregor, Mark Meekan, Kade Mills, Bradley M. Norman, Beverly Oh, Nicholas L. Payne, Vic Peddemors, Toby Piddocke, Richard D. Pillans, Richard D. Reina, Paul Rogers, Jayson M. Semmens, Amy Smoothey, Conrad W. Speed, Dylan van der Meulen, Michelle R. Heupel, Australian Institute of Marine Science (AIMS), Flinders Univ S Australia, Coll Sci & Engn, Natl Ctr Groundwater Res & Training, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, SA, Australia, Partenaires INRAE, Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Macquarie University [Sydney], Queensland Bioscience Precinct, Environmental Research Division [USA], Southwest Fisheries Science Center (SWFSC), NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), University of California [Santa Cruz] (UC Santa Cruz), University of California (UC), University of Tasmania [Launceston] (UTAS), Charles Darwin University [Australia], Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Macquarie University, Department of Biological Sciences, CISRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Carleton University, James Cook University (JCU), Industry and Investment NSW, Port Stephens Fisheries Institute, University of Queensland [Brisbane], National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Department of Biological Sciences [North Ryde], Macquarie University, The University of Tennessee [Knoxville], NSW DPI NEW SOUTH WALES GOVERNMENT DEPARTMENT OF PRIMARY INDUSTRIES FISHERIES NSW WOLLONGONG AUS, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), University of Technology Sidney (UTS), Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Brest (UBO), University of the Sunshine Coast (USC), Universidad de Costa Rica (UCR), Indian Ocean Marine Res Ctr, Florida International University [Miami] (FIU), New South Wales Dept Primary Ind, University of New South Wales [Sydney] (UNSW), University of Windsor [Ca], University of Tasmania [Hobart, Australia] (UTAS), The University of Western Australia (UWA), Murdoch University, Victorian Natl Pk Assoc, Southern Cross University (SCU), Monash university, and South Australian Research and Development Institute [Australia]
Subjects: Brownian bridge kernel utilization distribution (KUD), continental network, Integrated Marine Observing System (IMOS), spatial ecology, Integrated Marine Ob-serving System (IMOS), Brownian bridge kernel utilizationdistribution (KUD), [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, metabolic theory, acoustic telemetry, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract: Unifying models have shown that the amount of space used by animals (e.g., activity space, home range) scales allometrically with body mass for terrestrial taxa; however, such relationships are far less clear for marine species. We compiled movement data from 1,596 individuals across 79 taxa collected using a continental passive acoustic telemetry network of acoustic receivers to assess allometric scaling of activity space. We found that ectothermic marine taxa do exhibit allometric scaling for activity space, with an overall scaling exponent of 0.64. However, body mass alone explained only 35% of the variation, with the remaining variation best explained by trophic position for teleosts and latitude for sharks, rays, and marine reptiles. Taxon-specific allometric relationships highlighted weaker scaling exponents among teleost fish species (0.07) than sharks (0.96), rays (0.55), and marine reptiles (0.57). The allometric scaling relationship and scaling exponents for the marine taxonomic groups examined were lower than those reported from studies that had collated both marine and terrestrial species data derived using various tracking methods. We propose that these disparities arise because previous work integrated summarized data across many studies that used differing methods for collecting and quantifying activity space, introducing considerable uncertainty into slope estimates. Our findings highlight the benefit of using large-scale, coordinated animal biotelemetry networks to address cross-taxa evolutionary and ecological questions.
Published: 2023

14. Marine invertebrates and noise

Author: Solé Carbonell, Marta, Kaifu, Kenzo, Mooney, T. Aran, Nedelec, Sophie L., Olivier, Fréderic, Radford, Andrew N., Vazzana, Mirella, Wale, Matthew A., Semmens, Jayson M., Simpson, Stephen D., Buscaino, Giuseppa, Hawkins, Anthony D., Aguilar de Soto, Natacha, Akamatsu, Tom, Chauvaud, Laurent, Day, Ryan D., Fitzgibbon, Quinn, McCauley, Robert D., André, Michel, Technical University of Catalonia [Barcelona] (UPC), Faculty of Law, Chuo University, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI), School of Biological Sciences [Bristol], University of Bristol [Bristol], Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Università degli studi di Palermo - University of Palermo, Edinburgh Napier University, University of Tasmania [Hobart, Australia] (UTAS), Institute for the Study of the Anthropic Impacts and the Sustainability in the Marine Environment (IAS), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Bioacoustics, Kincraig, University of La Laguna, Department of geography, The Sasakawa Peace Foundation (SPF), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CMST Curtin University, TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF CATALONIA ESP, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Centre Tecnològic de Vilanova i la Geltrú, and Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. LAB - Laboratori d'Aplicacions Bioacústiques
Subjects: Desenvolupament humà i sostenible::Medi ambient [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC], Acústica submarina, noise effects, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Global and Planetary Change, marine invertebrates, Física::Acústica [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC], sound detection, marine noise pollution, Ocean Engineering, Marine pollution, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, sound detectionnoise effects, Contaminació acústica, sound production, Noise pollution, particle motion, statocyst, sound pressure, Water Science and Technology
Abstract: Within the set of risk factors that compromise the conservation of marine biodiversity, one of the least understood concerns is the noise produced by human operations at sea and from land. Many aspects of how noise and other forms of energy may impact the natural balance of the oceans are still unstudied. Substantial attention has been devoted in the last decades to determine the sensitivity to noise of marine mammals—especially cetaceans and pinnipeds—and fish because they are known to possess hearing organs. Recent studies have revealed that a wide diversity of invertebrates are also sensitive to sounds, especially via sensory organs whose original function is to allow maintaining equilibrium in the water column and to sense gravity. Marine invertebrates not only represent the largest proportion of marine biomass and are indicators of ocean health but many species also have important socio-economic values. This review presents the current scientific knowledge on invertebrate bioacoustics (sound production, reception, sensitivity), as well as on how marine invertebrates are affected by anthropogenic noises. It also critically revisits the literature to identify gaps that will frame future research investigating the tolerance to noise of marine ecosystems.
Published: 2023

15. Declining honey production and beekeeper adaptation to climate change in Chile

Author: Martina Gajardo-Rojas, Ariel A. Muñoz, Jonathan Barichivich, Karin Klock-Barría, Eugenia M Gayo, Francisco E Fontúrbel, Matías Olea, Christine M Lucas, Camilo Veas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso (PUCV), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Modélisation des Surfaces et Interfaces Continentales (MOSAIC), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB), UNIVERSIDAD DE LA REPUBLICA PAYSANDU URY, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), and Valparaiso University
Subjects: [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Geography, Planning and Development, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), General Earth and Planetary Sciences, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment
Abstract: International audience; Drought severity has pervasive impacts on honey production via direct impacts on water resources and nectar availability. The current mega-drought in Chile has impacts on water resources and forest vigor, particularly in the Mediterranean and Temperate regions where honey production is concentrated. While honey production plays an important role in the local rural economy and providing pollination services to other agricultural activities, studies of the long-term impacts of the mega-drought on honey production are scarce. Here, we evaluate the impact of climate variability on historical changes in honey production in the Mediterranean (32°S–37°S) and Temperate (37°S–41°S) regions of Chile, using annual honey production records of beekeepers together with national records of honey exports. We also used questionnaires and interviews to evaluate beekeeper perceptions regarding the effects of climate change on honey production and adaptation practices in both regions. Results indicated a declining trend in honey production and exports in the last decade, largely related to changes in precipitation and temperature in both regions. Declines in honey production affected 82% of beekeepers, 80% of whom had employed adaptive measures, and 74% considered that these measures were effective. The drier, warmer Mediterranean region showed more severe declines in precipitation and honey production, which beekeepers reported as a main contributing factor to transhumance from the Mediterranean to the Temperate region. This is the first study to show the effects of drought on honey production in Chile, providing a foundation for future climate change adaptation strategies within apiculture.
Published: 2022

16. Nano-structural and nano-constraint behavior of mortar containing silica aggregates

Author: El Bahraoui, Elhassan, Khouchaf, Lahcen, Oufakir, Abdelhamid, Ben Fraj, Amor, Elaatmani, Mohammed, Zegzouti, Abdelouahed, Université Cadi Ayyad [Marrakech] (UCA), Unité de Mécanique de Lille - ULR 7512 (UML), Université de Lille, BNTRA PROVINS FRA, Partenaires IRSTEA, and Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)
Subjects: General Materials Science, [NLIN]Nonlinear Sciences [physics], Condensed Matter Physics
Abstract: In this study, nano-structural and nano-constraints behavior of two silica aggregate mortars are investigated. The first silica aggregate (A) is almost pure silica and the second one (B) contains silica, calcite and dolomite phases. The relationship between the durability and nano-structural changes is evidenced using Transmission Electron Microscope, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and TGA/DTA. The nano-structural results show that the macroscopic properties of mortars greatly depend on physico-chemical properties of aggregates. Higher the water absorption, higher the consumption of the Portlandite; the consumption of Portlandite, after 28 days of curing, is more in Bm sample than in Am sample. A relationship between the Portlandite content and the water absorption is evidenced. The relationship between reactivity and nano-constraints deduced from XRD modeling is highlighted.
Published: 2022

17. Drivers and implications of the extreme 2022 wildfire season in Southwest Europe

Author: Marcos Rodrigues, Àngel Cunill Camprubí, Rodrigo Balaguer-Romano, Celso J. Coco Megía, Francisco Castañares, Julien Ruffault, Paulo M. Fernandes, Víctor Resco de Dios, University of Zaragoza - Universidad de Zaragoza [Zaragoza], IUCA, Universitat de Lleida, Universidad Estatal a Distancia (UNED), Centro Integrado de FP de Almázcara, Amigos del Monfragüe, Ecologie des Forêts Méditerranéennes (URFM), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Sécurité des Aliments (SECALIM), École nationale vétérinaire, agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Southwest University of Science and Technology [Mianyang] (SWUST), Ministry of Science and Innovation, Spain (MICINN)Spanish GovernmentRTI2018-094691-B-C31PID2020-116556RA-I00Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia (FCT)UIDB/04033/2020EU H2020 101003890, European Project: 101003890 ,FirEUrisk (2021), UNIVERSITY OF LLEIDA DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE AND FOREST ENGINEERING LLEIDA ESP, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Ministry of Science and Innovation, Spain (MICINN)Spanish GovernmentRTI2018-094691-B-C31PID2020-116556RA-I00Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia (FCT)UIDB/04033/2020, and European Project: 37419,EXVALSTAT
Subjects: [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Environmental Engineering, Risk management, Burned area, Global warming, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental Chemistry, Fuel, Pollution, Waste Management and Disposal, Wildfire season, Protected areas
Abstract: International audience; Wildfire is a common phenomenon in Mediterranean countries but the 2022 fire season has been extreme in southwest Europe (Portugal, Spain and France). Here we provide a preliminary but comprehensive analysis of 2022's wildfire sea-son in southwest Europe. Burned area has exceeded the 2001-2021 median by a factor of 52 in some regions and large wildfires (>500 ha) started to occur in June-July, earlier than the traditional fire season. These anomalies were asso-ciated with record-breaking values of fuel dryness, atmospheric water demand and pyrometeorological conditions. Live fuel moisture content was below the historical minima for almost 50 % of the season in some regions. A few large wildfires were responsible for 82 % of the burned area and, in turn, 47 % of the area burned occurred in protected areas. Shrublands, transitional woodlands and conifer forests (but not eucalypt plantations) were the land cover types most affected by extreme fires. As climate change intensifies, we can expect such fire seasons to become the new nor-mal in large parts of the continent, potentially leading to major negative impacts on rural economies. These results highlight the need for landscape level fuel management also in protected areas, to avoid fire-induced biodiversity losses and landscape scale degradation. Our results have important policy implications and indicate that fire preven-tion should be explicitly addressed within continental forest legislation and strategies.
Published: 2023

18. HYDRINDIC - Suivi et évaluation de la restauration/création de zones humides avec un indicateur hydrologique, Guide méthodologique

Author: Clément, Hugo, Gaucherand, Stéphanie, Gayet, Guillaume, Baptist, Florence, Porteret, Jérôme, Caessteker, Pierre, Magand, Claire, Vivier, Anne, Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire des EcoSystèmes et des Sociétés en Montagne (UR LESSEM), Office français de la biodiversité (OFB), Patrimoine naturel (PatriNat), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Office français de la biodiversité (OFB), Soltis-environnement, CONSERVATOIRE D'ESPACES NATURELS DE SAVOIE FRA, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), and Office français de la biodiversité
Subjects: Restauration écologique, évaluation, compensation écologique, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, piézomètres, suivi, HYDRINDIC, ERC, indicateurs écologiques, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, hydrologie, zones humides
Abstract: National audience; En France, afin de pallier la dégradation et destruction des zones humides, de nombreux projets de restauration/création de zones humides voient le jour. Une partie de ces opérations sont réalisées dans le contexte réglementaire de la compensation écologique. Ces opérations sont désormais soumises à obligation de résultat et doivent, pour démontrer leur efficacité, disposer d’indicateurs robustes et facilement mobilisables. D’une façon plus générale, disposer d’indicateurs de suivi permet d’évaluer l’efficacité des opérations de restauration/création de zones humides et d’améliorer progressivement les pratiques.Malgré le développement de méthodes et d’indicateurs pour le suivi des zones humides (MhéO, RhoMeO…), l’utilisation de piézomètres simples (tubes de moins de 2 m) pour connaitre la profondeur et les fluctuations de la nappe d'eau superficielle restent peu fréquents. Ils sont pourtant particulièrement utiles en amont des opérations de restauration, afin de dimensionner le projet, et lors des suivis après travaux pour identifier les éventuelles causes d’échec du projet et y remédier. En effet, le maintien d’un bon fonctionnement hydrologique détermine l’avenir d’une zone humide sur le long terme. L’absence d’information sur le fonctionnement hydrologique d’une zone pressentie pour des travaux de restauration/création est un frein important à la réussite des projets. Ce guide méthodologique a été construit pour lever les freins actuels à la mise en place de piézomètres et compléter les indicateurs existants par un indicateur hydrologique (HYDRINDIC). Cet indicateur repose sur la comparaison annuelle de chroniques piézométriques entre une zone humide en voie de restauration/création et des zones humides correspondant à l'objectif de restauration/création (SCORs). Les données piézométriques récoltées sur les SCORs permettent de construire une enveloppe de référence, c’est-à-dire une gamme de variations de profondeur de nappe « autorisée » pour objectiver une conclusion sur le succès vraisemblable de la restauration/création d’un point de vue hydrologique.Le guide méthodologique aborde notamment la définition des sites suivis, la stratégie de déploiement des piézomètres, le matériel nécessaires, les coûts, la méthode d’analyse et d’interprétation, etc. et s’adresse à un public technique non spécialisé en hydrologie et statistique. Il est accompagné de deux outils téléchargeables gratuitement en ligne, permettant la visualisation des données, le calcul de l’indicateur et l’interprétation des résultats. Le guide et l’indicateur proposé ont vocation à être mis à jour régulièrement, en fonction de l’avancée des connaissance et des retours d’expérience.
Published: 2023

19. Rethinking liberal multiculturalism: foundations, practices and methodologies

Author: François Boucher, Sophie Guérard de Latour, Esma Baycan-Herzog, CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY OF LEUWEN BEL, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Triangle : action, discours, pensée politique et économique (TRIANGLE), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Sciences Po Lyon - Institut d'études politiques de Lyon (IEP Lyon), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des sciences juridique et philosophique de la Sorbonne - UMR 8103 (ISJPS), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Genève
Subjects: Cultural Studies, Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous), [SHS.PHIL]Humanities and Social Sciences/Philosophy, multiculturalism
Abstract: The article introduces a special issue on “Rethinking Liberal Multiculturalism: Foundations, Practices and Methodologies.” The contributions presented in this special issue were discussed during the conference « Multicultural Citizenship 25 Years Later », held in Paris in November 2021. Their aim is to take stock of the legacy of Kymlicka’s contribution and to highlight new developments in theories of liberal multiculturalism and minority rights. The contributions do not purport to challenge the legitimacy of theories of multiculturalism and minority rights, they rather aim at deepening our understanding of the foundations of liberal multiculturalism and of its practical implementation, sensitive to social scientific dynamics of diverse societies. Without abandoning the general idea that cultural minorities should be granted special minority rights, the essays presented raise new questions about three dimensions central to liberal multiculturalism: its normative foundations, its practical categories of minorities or groups, and its fact-sensitive methodology. Taken together they shed light on the renewed variety of theories of liberal multiculturalism highlighting their complexity and internal disagreements. To introduce these articles, the article first draws a brief historical overview of the debates on multiculturalism since the 1990s (section 1). It then highlights the distinctive aspects of Kymlicka’s contribution (section 2) and identifies recent research trends (section 3). Doing so, it explains how the articles gathered here both expand on those distinctive aspects and explore those new research avenues. The section 4 summarizes the contributions.
Published: 2023

20. Insurance and the Natural Assurance Value (of Ecosystems) in Risk Prevention and Reduction

Author: Roxane Marchal, David Moncoulon, Elena López Gunn, Josh Weinberg, Kanika Thakar, Mónica Altamirano, Guillaume Piton, Caisse Centrale de Réassurance, parent, I CATALIST MADRID ESP, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Stockholm International Water Institute, Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), Institut des Géosciences de l’Environnement (IGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), and European Project: 730497,NAIAD
Subjects: Insurance systems, Nature-based solutions, Water-related natural hazard, [SPI.GCIV.RISQ]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Civil Engineering/Risques, Risk modelling, Ecosystem services, Natural assurance value
Abstract: Climate change is increasing the frequency and intensity of natural disasters and can threaten the functions of ecosystems. Affected, damaged or destroyed ecosystems in turn also make our societies more vulnerable to natural hazards and climate change (i.e. their assurance value). In addition, expanding communities and concentrations of wealth in high-risk areas are increasing risk exposure dramatically. This chapter outlines the growing interest in the protective role nature-based solutions (NBS) can play in buffering against risks posed by natural hazards. It presents mechanisms and potential roles of the insurance industry to facilitate loss prevention through NBS. The use of catastrophe models to quantify the assurance value of nature (in line with Chaps. 1 and 2), the benefits of nature in reducing natural hazards-related damages have been highlighted. Catastrophe models developed and run by insurance companies are well-suited to support the quantification of the avoided damage provided by NBS. This can be performed in complement to research institutions assessments of co-benefits NBS provide (as outlined in the case studies’ chapters). The findings developed in this chapter make a strong case for pro-active engagement of the insurance industry in assessing nature-based risk reduction measures and public/private plans for implementation and monitoring. Graphical Abstract
Published: 2023

21. Finite Volume Approximations for Non-Linear Parabolic Problems with Stochastic Forcing

Author: Bauzet, Caroline, Nabet, Flore, Schmitz, Kerstin, Zimmermann, Aleksandra, Laboratoire de Mécanique et d'Acoustique [Marseille] (LMA ), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Mathématiques Appliquées - Ecole Polytechnique (CMAP), École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universität Duisburg-Essen = University of Duisburg-Essen [Essen], TU CLAUSTHAL INSTITUTE FOR MATHEMATICS DEU, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), and Université de Strasbourg
Subjects: 65M08, 60H15, 35K55, Numerical Analysis (math.NA), finite-volume method, multiplicative Lipschitz noise, Mathematics - Analysis of PDEs, upwind scheme, diffusion-convection equation, FOS: Mathematics, stochastic non-linear parabolic equation, [MATH.MATH-AP]Mathematics [math]/Analysis of PDEs [math.AP], variational approach, Mathematics - Numerical Analysis, [MATH.MATH-NA]Mathematics [math]/Numerical Analysis [math.NA], Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
Abstract: International audience; We propose a two-point flux approximation finite-volume scheme for a stochastic non-linear parabolic equation with a multiplicative noise. The time discretization is implicit except for the stochastic noise term in order to be compatible with stochastic integration in the sense of Itô. We show existence and uniqueness of solutions to the scheme and the appropriate measurability for stochastic integration follows from the uniqueness of approximate solutions.
Published: 2023
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22. QTL analysis for ascorbic acid content in strawberry fruit reveals a complex genetic architecture and association with GDP-L-galactose phosphorylase

Author: Pilar Muñoz, Cristina Castillejo, José Antonio Gómez, Luis Miranda, Silke Lesemann, Klaus Olbricht, Aurélie Petit, Philippe Chartier, Annika Haugeneder, Johanna Trinkl, Luca Mazzoni, Agnieszka Masny, Edward Zurawicz, Freya Maria Rosemarie Ziegler, Björn Usadel, Wilfried Schwab, Béatrice Denoyes, Bruno Mezzetti, Sonia Osorio, José F Sánchez-Sevilla, Iraida Amaya, Instituto Andaluz de Investigación y Formación Agraria y Pesquera (IFAPA), IFAPA CENTRO LAS TORRES-TOMEJIL ESP, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Hansabred [Dresden], Invenio, Biologie du fruit et pathologie (BFP), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Technische Universität Munchen - Université Technique de Munich [Munich, Allemagne] (TUM), Polytechnic University of Marche [Ancona, Italy] / Università Politecnica delle Marche [Ancona, Italia], The National Institute of Horticultural Research, 4. Institute of Bio- and Geosciences Agrosphere (IBG-3), Research Center Jülich, Germany, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences Agrosphere (IBG-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association-Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association-Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association-Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterranea 'La Mayora' (IHSM), Universidad de Málaga [Málaga] = University of Málaga [Málaga]-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), This research was supported by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (GoodBerry, grant agreement number 679303), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (PID2019-111496RR-I00 / AEI / 10.13039/501100011033) and PR.AVA.AVA2019.034 (IFAPA, FEDER funds). P. Muñoz acknowledged a PhD FPI-INIA contract co-financed by FSE., and European Project: 679303,H2020,H2020-SFS-2015-2,GoodBerry(2016)
Subjects: [SDV.BV.AP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Plant breeding, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Genetics, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, ddc:640, Ascorbic Acid, Plant Science, Horticulture, Biochemistry, Biotechnology
Abstract: Strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) fruits are an excellent source of L-ascorbic acid (AsA), a powerful antioxidant for plants and humans. Identifying the genetic components underlying AsA accumulation is crucial for enhancing strawberry nutritional quality. Here, we unravel the genetic architecture of AsA accumulation using an F1 population derived from parental lines ‘Candonga’ and ‘Senga Sengana’, adapted to distinct Southern and Northern European areas. To account for environmental effects, the F1 and parental lines were grown and phenotyped in five locations across Europe (France, Germany, Italy, Poland and Spain). Fruit AsA content displayed normal distribution typical of quantitative traits and ranged five-fold, with significant differences among genotypes and environments. AsA content in each country and the average in all of them was used in combination with 6,974 markers for quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis. Environmentally stable QTLs for AsA content were detected in linkage group (LG) 3A, LG 5A, LG 5B, LG 6B and LG 7C. Candidate genes were identified within stable QTL intervals and expression analysis in lines with contrasting AsA content suggested that GDP-L-Galactose Phosphorylase FaGGP(3A), and the chloroplast-located AsA transporter gene FaPHT4;4(7C) might be the underlying genetic factors for QTLs on LG 3A and 7C, respectively. We show that recessive alleles of FaGGP(3A) inherited from both parental lines increase fruit AsA content. Furthermore, expression of FaGGP(3A) was two-fold higher in lines with high AsA. Markers here identified represent a useful resource for efficient selection of new strawberry cultivars with increased AsA content.
Published: 2023

23. Tracking a killer shrimp: Dikerogammarus villosus invasion dynamics across Europe

Author: Ismael Soto, Ross N. Cuthbert, Danish A. Ahmed, Antonín Kouba, Sami Domisch, Jaime R. G. Marquez, Ayah Beidas, Giuseppe Amatulli, Jens Kiesel, Longzhu Q. Shen, Margarita Florencio, Herlander Lima, Elizabeta Briski, Florian Altermatt, Gaït Archambaud‐Suard, Peter Borza, Zoltan Csabai, Thibault Datry, Mathieu Floury, Maxence Forcellini, Jean‐François Fruget, Patrick Leitner, Marie‐Hélène Lizée, Anthony Maire, Anthony Ricciardi, Ralf B. Schäfer, Rachel Stubbington, Gea H. Van der Lee, Gábor Várbíró, Ralf C. M. Verdonschot, Peter Haase, Phillip J. Haubrock, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses [University of South Bohemia] (CENAKVA), Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters [University of South Bohemia], University of South Bohemia -University of South Bohemia, Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research [Kiel] (GEOMAR), Queen's University [Belfast] (QUB), Gulf University for Science and Technology (GUST), Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Yale University [New Haven], Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, Risques, Ecosystèmes, Vulnérabilité, Environnement, Résilience (RECOVER), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), RiverLy - Fonctionnement des hydrosystèmes (RiverLy), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés (LEHNA), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ARALEP, Laboratoire National d’Hydraulique et Environnement (EDF R&D LNHE), EDF R&D (EDF R&D), EDF (EDF)-EDF (EDF), Universität Duisburg-Essen = University of Duisburg-Essen [Essen], Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum [Frankfurt], Senckenberg – Leibniz Institution for Biodiversity and Earth System Research - Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Leibniz Association-Leibniz Association, Leverhulme TrustECF-2021-001, Federal Ministry of Education & Research (BMBF)033W034A, European Project: 871128,eLTER PLUS (2020), UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH BOHEMIA CESKE BUDEJOVICE CZE, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), and Kuwait Foundation for the Advancement of Sciences (KFAS)PR1914SM-01
Subjects: invasive alien species, Water and Food, time-series, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, long-term monitoring, Water en Voedsel, biological invasion, freshwater ecosystem, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, crustacean, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Biologie, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, SDG 15 - Life on Land
Abstract: AimInvasive alien species are a growing problem worldwide due to their ecological, economic and human health impacts. The “killer shrimp” Dikerogammarus villosus is a notorious invasive alien amphipod from the Ponto-Caspian region that has invaded many fresh and brackish waters across Europe. Understandings of large-scale population dynamics of highly impactful invaders such as D. villosus are lacking, inhibiting predictions of impact and efficient timing of management strategies. Hence, our aim was to assess trends and dynamics of D. villosus as well as its impacts in freshwater rivers and streams.LocationEurope.MethodsWe analysed 96 European time series between 1994 and 2019 and identified trends in the relative abundance (i.e. dominance %) of D. villosus in invaded time series, as well as a set of site-specific characteristics to identify drivers and determinants of population changes and invasion dynamics using meta-regression modelling. We also looked at the spread over space and time to estimate the invasion speed (km/year) of D. villosus in Europe. We investigated the impact of D. villosus abundance on recipient community metrics (i.e. abundance, taxa richness, temporal turnover, Shannon diversity and Pielou evenness) using generalized linear models.ResultsPopulation trends varied across the time series. Nevertheless, community dominance of D. villosus increased over time across all time series. The frequency of occurrences (used as a proxy for invader spread) was well described by a Pareto distribution, whereby we estimated a lag phase (i.e. the time between introduction and spatial expansion) of approximately 28 years, followed by a gradual increase before new occurrences declined rapidly in the long term. D. villosus population change was associated with decreased taxa richness, community turnover and Shannon diversity.Main ConclusionOur results show that D. villosus is well-established in European waters and its abundance significantly alters ecological communities. However, the multidecadal lag phase prior to observed spatial expansion suggests that initial introductions by D. villosus are cryptic, thus signalling the need for more effective early detection methods.
Published: 2023

24. The Late Paleozoic Ice Age in western equatorial Pangea: context for complex interactions among aeolian, alluvial, and shoreface sedimentary environments during the Late Pennsylvanian - early Permian

Author: Olivier, Marie, Bourquin, Sylvie, Desaubliaux, Guy, Ducassou, Celine, Rossignol, Camille, Daniau, Gautier, Chaney, Dan, Géosciences Rennes (GR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CVA Engineering, Università degli Studi di Cagliari = University of Cagliari (UniCa), ENGIE, NMNH SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION WASHNINGTON DC USA, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), and GDF-Suez/CNRS research collaboration contract (LS 74898).
Subjects: [SDU.STU.ST]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Stratigraphy
Abstract: The evolution of depositional environments in the Late Pennsylvanian-early Permian of the Paradox Basin in Utah, USA, is investigated through detailed sedimentological and high-resolution sequence stratigraphic analyses, in order to define a model of landscape evolution, to discuss the stratigraphic model, and to evaluate the significance of the cyclicity in the paleoclimatic context. Forty high-resolution cycles integrated in 15 minor and two major cycles are observed for the first time throughout the Late Pennsylvanian-early Permian units. A-three steps landscape evolution is recognized. First, the lower Cutler beds, mainly corresponded to a marine environment, with longshore bar, subtidal, tidal, mouth-bar, and with locally fluvial deposits. The upper part of the lower Cutler beds also contains an aeolian dune. Second, the Cedar Mesa Sandstone, corresponded to broad erg deposits which are present across the entire study area, whereas longshore bar, subtidal, mouth-bar, and some fluvial deposits are mainly preserved in the northern part of the studied area. Third, the Organ Rock Formation records decreasing aeolian dune field preservation. To the south, the aeolian environments are interbedded with shoreface deposits, whereas to the north, fluvial deposits with some mouth-bars are more developed. Semi-arid climatic conditions persisted, as indicated by the presence of calcretes. Everywhere in these three steps, root traces within sandstone bars indicate that a soil was once present above the sand dunes. This new model of landscape evolution documents complex interactions between aeolian, fluvial and marine environments within the entire Permian succession of the Paradox Basin. High-resolution stratigraphic analyses allow to discuss the significance of the cyclicity in a scenario that take into consideration sea-level variation in the Late Paleozoic Ice Age paleoclimatic context. This Late Pennsylvanian to early Permian succession reflects both relative sea-level fluctuations and the variability of sediment supply.
Published: 2023

25. Enabling Effective Engagement, Investment and Implementation of Natural Assurance Systems for Water and Climate Security

Author: Weinberg, Josh, Thakar, Kanika, Marchal, Roxane, Nanu, Florentina, Mayor, Beatriz, López Gunn, Elena, Piton, Guillaume, Pengal, Polona, Moncoulon, David, Stockholm International Water Institute, Caisse Centrale de Réassurance, parent, BDG BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT GROUP BUCHAREST ROM, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), I CATALIST MADRID ESP, Institut des Géosciences de l’Environnement (IGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), REVIVO - Inst Ichthyol & Ecol Res, and European Project: 730497,NAIAD
Subjects: Insurance systems, Nature-based solutions, Water-related natural hazard, [SPI.GCIV.RISQ]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Civil Engineering/Risques, Ecosystem services, Natural assurance value
Abstract: This chapter investigates the enabling conditions and policy settings that are more conducive to the uptake of NAS and discusses how to effectively engage with the insurance sector as part of that process. It covers frequently cited issues that limit NBS implementation that also directly relate to NAS and offers insights on how to address them. It highlights opportunities and challenges to further support the mobilization of green infrastructure as part of NAS schemes by building on the relevant learnings and resources from the NAIAD project.
Published: 2023

26. Looking into the Future: Natural Assurance Schemes for Resilience

Author: López-Gunn, Elena, Graveline, Nina, Giordano, Raffaele, van Cauwenbergh, Nora, Le Coent, Philippe, van Der Keur, Peter, Marchal, Roxane, Mayor, Beatriz, Vay, Laura, I CATALIST MADRID ESP, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Innovation et Développement dans l'Agriculture et l'Alimentation (UMR Innovation), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), CNR Water Research Institute (IRSA), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Institute for Water Education (IHE Delft ), Gestion de l'Eau, Acteurs, Usages (UMR G-EAU), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-AgroParisTech-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS), Caisse Centrale de Réassurance, parent, López-Gunn, Elena, Van der Keur, Peter, Van Cauwenbergh, Nora, Le Coent, Philippe, and Giordano, Raffaele
Subjects: Lessons learnt, Tool and method, Case study, [SDV.SA.AEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Agriculture, economy and politics, Natural assurance scheme, Assessment frame, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance
Abstract: This chapter summarizes the main findings from the book in relation to the conceptual framework centered on the linked but separate concepts of assurance and insurance value of nature, to then highlight the key methods developed namely physical assessments, co-design, and a full integrated economic assessment model that incorporates the value of avoided costs and other co-benefits. This can help to generate and implement natural assurance scheme projects aligned with adaptive planning, innovative financing and new business models centered around prevention by investing in nature.
Published: 2023

27. GEOGRAPHIC AND GEOMORPHOLOGIC CONTEXT OF CASPIAN SEA LEVEL FLUCTUATIONS OVER THE LATE PLEISTOCENE AND HOLOCENE

Author: Kuzucuoğlu, Catherine, Leroy, Suzanne, KUZUCUOGLU, Catherine, Laboratoire de géographie physique : Environnements Quaternaires et Actuels (LGP), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire méditerranéen de préhistoire Europe-Afrique (LAMPEA), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture (MC), SCHOOL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES UNIVERSITY OF LIVERPOOL GBR, Partenaires IRSTEA, and Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)
Subjects: Caspian Sea levels, [SDE] Environmental Sciences, chronologie, climat, Holocene, Pléistocène Supérieur, controlling factors, chronology, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, Late Pleistocene, facteurs de contrôle, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, [SHS] Humanities and Social Sciences, climate, Holocène, niveaux de la mer Caspienne
Abstract: This article aims at presenting water level changes within the Caspian Sea watershed since the Last Glacial Maximum, with some chronological references to Late Pleistocene highstands and lowstands. The drivers of water level changes may be related to a climatic context, or other triggering factors. After introducing the physical geography of the Caspian Sea, (submarine basins and sills, geological structure, surrounding reliefs), the climate components connected to changes in water level are presented. Caspian Sea level changes are discussed separately for the Late Pleistocene and the Holocene, as different time periods require different methods, and because Caspian Sea levels respond to a wide range of different drivers. For this purpose, based on an updated synthesis of publications, and after a brief review of methodological limitations, a discussion of the role of climate change versus other factors is provided. The other factors comprise insolation, changes in the extension of the drainage area of the Caspian Sea, especially north up to the Arctic sphere and to the Tien-Shan-Pamir, the wide-ranging latitudes of the regions concerned, as well as local factors related to relief and (past or present) river connections, tectonics, water mass dynamics and other geographical and geomorphological specificities of the watershed. Cet article a pour objectif de présenter l’état des connaissances sur les changements de niveau de la mer Caspienne dans le cadre de son bassin versant, et de présenter des données-références de la chronologie des hauts et bas niveaux. Les facteurs contrôlant ces changements de niveaux sont exposés, qu’il s’agisse de contrôles par le contexte climatique, ou de tout autre contrôle. Après une introduction présentant le cadre physique de la mer Caspienne (bassins et seuils, structure géologique et reliefs environnants), les composantes climatiques influençant les changements de niveau dans les bassins sont présentées. Les changements de niveau sont discutés séparément pour la fin du Pléistocène et pour l’Holocène, car l’étude de chaque période requiert des méthodes différentes, et aussi parce qu’un large éventail de facteurs influence le niveau de la mer Caspienne. C’est pourquoi, après une synthèse des publications sur le sujet, et après un bref rappel des limitations méthodologiques, l’article propose une discussion sur le rôle du climat versus les autres facteurs de contrôle de changements de niveaux. Ces autres facteurs sont l’insolation, les changements d’extension du bassin versant de la mer Caspienne, spécifiquement vers le nord en direction de la zone Arctique et vers le sud-est jusqu’au Pamir, la grande extension latitudinale de la zone considérée, et aussi des facteurs locaux dépendant du relief et des connections hydrographiques (passées ou présentes), de la tectonique, de la dynamique des masses d’eau, et d’autres particularités géographiques et géomorphologiques dans le bassin versant.
Published: 2023

28. The Internet of Sounds:Convergent Trends, Insights and Future Directions

Author: Luca Turchet, Mathieu Lagrange, Cristina Rottondi, György Fazekas, Nils Peters, Jan Østergaard, Frederic Font, Tom Bäckström, Carlo Fischione, Department of Information Engineering and Computer Science (University of Trento ) (DISI), University of Trento [Trento], Laboratoire des Sciences du Numérique de Nantes (LS2N), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-École Centrale de Nantes (Nantes Univ - ECN), Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes université - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (Nantes univ - UFR ST), Nantes Université - pôle Sciences et technologie, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université - pôle Sciences et technologie, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ), Department of Electronics and Telecommunications [Torino] (DET), Politecnico di Torino = Polytechnic of Turin (Polito), Centre for Digital Music, Queen Mary University of London, Centre for Digital Music, Queen Mary University of London (QMUL)-Queen Mary University of London (QMUL), International Audio Laboratories Erlangen (AUDIO LABS), Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU)-Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Circuits (Fraunhofer IIS), Fraunhofer (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft)-Fraunhofer (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft), Department of Electronic Systems - Aalborg University, Aalborg University [Denmark] (AAU), Universitat Pompeu Fabra [Barcelona] (UPF), Aalto University, KTH ROYAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY STOCKHOLM SWE, Partenaires IRSTEA, and Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)
Subjects: Market research, Internet of things, Internet of audio things, Computer Networks and Communications, Music information retrieval, Embedded systems, Internet of Things, Wireless communication, music information retrieval, semantic audio, Machine listening, Ecosystems, Hardware, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], Internet of Musical Things, Internet of musical things, machine listening, Computer Science Applications, Semantic audio, Music, Audio, Internet of Things, Internet of Musical Things, Internet of Audio Things, machine listening, music information retrieval, semantic audio, embedded systems, Internet of Audio Things, Hardware and Architecture, Audio, Signal Processing, embedded systems, Music, Software, Information Systems
Abstract: Data de publicació electrònica: 07-03-2023 Current sound-based practices and systems developed in both academia and industry point to convergent research trends that bring together the field of Sound and Music Computing with that of the Internet of Things. This paper proposes a vision for the emerging field of the Internet of Sounds (IoS), which stems from such disciplines. The IoS relates to the network of Sound Things, i.e., devices capable of sensing, acquiring, processing, actuating, and exchanging data serving the purpose of communicating sound-related information. In the IoS paradigm, which merges under a unique umbrella the emerging fields of the Internet of Musical Things and the Internet of Audio Things, heterogeneous devices dedicated to musical and non-musical tasks can interact and cooperate with one another and with other things connected to the Internet to facilitate sound-based services and applications that are globally available to the users. We survey the state of the art in this space, discuss the technological and non-technological challenges ahead of us and propose a comprehensive research agenda for the field.
Published: 2023

29. Challenges and opportunities in the use of ponds and pondscapes as Nature-based Solutions

Author: M. Cuenca-Cambronero, M. Blicharska, J.-A. Perrin, T. A. Davidson, B. Oertli, M. Lago, M. Beklioglu, M. Meerhoff, M. Arim, J. Teixeira, L. De Meester, J. Biggs, J. Robin, B. Martin, H. M. Greaves, C. D. Sayer, P. Lemmens, D. Boix, T. Mehner, M. Bartrons, S. Brucet, CENTRAL UNIVERSITY OF CATALONIA AQUATIC ECOLOGY GROUP VIC ESP, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Uppsala University, Agroécologie et Environnement (AGE), Isara, Laboratoire d'Études Rurales (LER), Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2), Department of Ecoscience - Aarhus University [Denmark], Aarhus University [Aarhus], Haute Ecole du Paysage, d'Ingénierie et d'Architecture de Genève (HEPIA), ECOLOGIC INSTITUTE BERLIN DEU, Middle East Technical University [Ankara] (METU), Universidad de la República del Uruguay, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research [Matosinhos, Portugal] (CIIMAR), Universidade do Porto = University of Porto, Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution and Conservation, Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), University College of London [London] (UCL), Universitat de Girona (UdG), Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Horizon Europe - Open Access funding provided thanks to the CRUE-CSIC agreement with Springer Nature., and European Project: 27632,CRUE
Subjects: [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Nature contributions to people, Climate change, Nature-based Solutions, 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften, Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften, Biologie, Aquatic Science, Freshwater biodiversity, Nature- based Solutions, Ponds and pondscapes, Societal challenges
Abstract: Ponds and “pondscapes” (networks of ponds) are crucial habitats for biodiversity and for delivering multiple benefits to humans, so-called “Nature’s Contribution to People”, such as climate mitigation and adaptation to climate change, creation, and maintenance of habitat for biodiversity, water purification, flood mitigation and cultural benefits (e.g., recreational possibilities). However, ponds are not often considered as Nature-based Solutions to provide all these benefits. In addition, there is insufficient knowledge on how to manage and restore ponds to maximise their role to increase the resilience of ecosystems and society to climate change. To facilitate improved implementation of ponds as Nature-based Solutions for the delivery of a wide range of Nature Contributions to People, it is important to generate and integrate biodiversity, ecosystems, societal, economic and policy knowledge. Hence, there is a need for evidence-based guidance to support the broader use of ponds. Here, we review the role of ponds and pondscapes in delivering Nature’s Contributions to People and provide an overview of the challenges and opportunities for their broader implementation as Nature-based Solutions. Finally, we propose a conceptual framework that can help the implementation of pond Nature-based Solutions, and that outlines future research needs.
Published: 2023

30. The Natural Assurance Schemes Methodological Approach – From Assessment to Implementation

Author: van Cauwenbergh, Nora, Giordano, Raffaele, Le Coent, Philippe, López Gunn, Elena, Mayor, Beatriz, van der Keur, Peter, Institute for Water Education (IHE Delft ), CNR Water Research Institute (IRSA), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Gestion de l'Eau, Acteurs, Usages (UMR G-EAU), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-AgroParisTech-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), I CATALIST MADRID ESP, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), and Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS)
Subjects: Readiness, Methodological approach, Participatory adaptive planning, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Integrated assessment, Natural assurance schemes
Abstract: This chapter discusses the methodological approach for natural assurance schemes (NAS). We developed and applied methodologies and strategies to increase the readiness in technology (TRL), institutions (IRL) and investment/financing (IVRL) and illustrated them in contrasting case studies. To assess how readiness is crafted to effectively green water risk reduction and water security plans, we propose an integrated analytical framework that builds on participatory adaptive planning approaches. Through an ex-post expert assessment of NAS implementation in 9 case studies, we demonstrate how methodologies and strategies to increase TRL, IRL and IVRL can contribute to operationalization of NAS under a wide range of contexts and boundary conditions. Case studies have (1) varying biophysical conditions, spatial scale and vulnerability to water related natural hazards that require diverse NAS approaches, but also (2) varying readiness levels for implementation of nature based solutions in NAS. Institutional readiness is generated throughout the entire planning process, through a combination of joint assessment of risk perceptions and the institutional set-up as well as facilitation of awareness and agreement on responsibilities. Investment readiness is generated through the generation of the NAS business canvas and can be translated into investment plans built around the 5 business cases proposed in the Financing Framework for water security. We illustrate that for nature-based solutions (NBS) to be integrated in water security and climate adaptation strategies effectively, the NAS approach needs to craft readiness at all levels, tailoring an integrated set of methods and tools available through a collaborative process with stakeholders.
Published: 2023

31. DeepL et Google Translate face à l'ambiguïté phraséologique

Author: Françoise Bacquelaine, UNIVERSITE DE PORTO PRT, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), and Faculdade de Letras
Subjects: [INFO.INFO-AU]Computer Science [cs]/Automatic Control Engineering, [SHS.LANGUE]Humanities and Social Sciences/Linguistics, ACM: I.: Computing Methodologies/I.2: ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE/I.2.7: Natural Language Processing/I.2.7.4: Machine translation, [INFO.INFO-AI]Computer Science [cs]/Artificial Intelligence [cs.AI]
Abstract: Malgré les progrès de la traduction automatique neuronale, l'intelligence artificielle ne permet toujours pas à la machine de comprendre pour déjouer tous les pièges de la traduction, notamment ceux de l'ambiguïté lexicale, phraséologique, syntaxique et sémantique (Koehn 2020). Deux structures portugaises moyennement figées présentent les caractéristiques des « unités de construction préformées » (UCP) décrites par Schmale (2013). Elles relèvent donc de la phraséologie au sens large et doivent être traduites en bloc. Les principaux défis de traduction en bloc que lancent ces UCP binaires à la machine résultent, d'une part, de variables simples ou complexes, et, d'autre part, des propriétés syntaxiques de scission et d'inversion des éléments sur l'axe syntagmatique. Un échantillon de 168 occurrences de ces UCP en contexte phrastique a été prélevé sur un corpus journalistique portugais. Cet échantillon a été traduit en français par DeepL et Google Translate en 2019 et en 2021. Les traductions automatiques brutes ont été confrontées à un modèle de biotraduction établi à partir de corpus parallèles ou alignés portugais-français et analysées en fonction de deux critères généraux (non-littéralité et acceptabilité) et de quelques défis spécifiques à chaque UCP. Cette analyse permet d'évaluer l'évolution de ces deux systèmes de traduction automatique face à l'ambiguïté phraséologique et d'en tirer des conclusions quant à la possibilité d'extinction de la biotraduction et aux implications de ces outils performants sur la formation des futurs prestataires de services linguistiques. Mots-clefs traduction automatique neuronale ; post-édition ; levée d'ambiguïté ; unité de construction préformée ; portugais ; français
Published: 2022

32. Une méthode opérationnelle d'évaluation multicritère des élevages laitiers par l'utilisation de la spectroscopie du lait et de l'outil d'évaluation CAP'2ER®

Author: Lepoivre, M., Martin, Bruno, Grollemund, P-M., Laurent, C., Botreau, Raphaëlle, Monsallier, F., Hulin, S., Gerber, P., Chassard, Christophe, Coppa, M., Unité Mixte de Recherche sur le Fromage (UMRF), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Unité Mixte de Recherche sur les Herbivores - UMR 1213 (UMRH), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire de Mathématiques Blaise Pascal (LMBP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), CHAMBRE D'AGRICULTURE DU CANTAL, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Pôle Fromager AOP Massif Central, Institut de l'Elevage, and INRAE
Subjects: [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]
Abstract: Séance : Qualité des produits; International audience; This study proposes an adaptation of the methodologies of Botreau et al. (2018) and Rey-Cadilhac et al. (2021) forthe multi-criteria assessment of milk intended for the manufacture of raw milk cheese, concerning the environmentalimpacts of milk production and the quality of the milk obtained. A main contribution is to rely on rapid and operationalanalysis methods on a larger scale: mid-infrared and fluorescence spectroscopies milk analyzes and CAP'2ER®diagnostic results of the farm. On 15 grassland dairy farms located in Cantal, representative of three types ofadaptation to the territorial context, the multi-criteria evaluation model tested in this study proved to be sensitive.Among the 4 components of milk quality and the 5 components of environmental performance analyzed, only thehealth component of quality showed significant differences between the different farm profiles. A significant andpositive correlation is found between the risk of eutrophication and risk for health. Other trending correlations areanalyzed between the components of milk quality and environmental performance, in association with agronomicpractices.; La présente étude propose une adaptation des méthodologies de Botreau et al. (2018) et Rey-Cadilhac et al. (2021)pour l’évaluation multicritère du lait destiné à la fabrication de fromage au lait cru, concernant les impactsenvironnementaux de la production du lait et la qualité du lait obtenu. Une des contributions de ce travail est lerecours à des méthodes d’analyse rapides et opérationnelles à large échelle : analyses du lait en spectroscopies enmoyen infra-rouge et fluorescence, et résultats de diagnostic CAP'2ER® de l'exploitation. Sur 15 fermes laitièresherbagères situées dans le Cantal, représentatives de trois types d’adaptation au contexte territorial, le modèled’évaluation multicritère testé dans cette étude s’est avéré sensible. Parmi les 4 composantes de la qualité du lait etles 5 composantes de la performance environnementale analysées, seule la composante santé de la qualité du laitprésente des différences significatives entre les différents types de fermes. Une corrélation significative et positiveest établie entre risque d’eutrophisation et risque pour la santé. D’autres corrélations en tendance sont analyséesentre les composantes de la qualité du lait et de la performance environnementale, en association avec les pratiquesagronomiques.
Published: 2022

33. Sharing wintering grounds does not synchronize annual survival in a high Arctic seabird, the little auk

Author: Katarzyna Wojczulanis-Jakubas, Maria Gavrilo, Børge Moe, Yuri Krasnov, Dariusz Jakubas, David Grémillet, Benjamin Merkel, Hallvard Strøm, Jorg Welcker, Nina J. Karnovsky, Jérôme Fort, Kurt Jerstad, Sébastien Descamps, Rémi Choquet, Harald Steen, Norwegian Polar Institute, Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMRi 7266 (LIENSs), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Association Maritime Heritage, Faculty of Biology [Gdansk, Poland], University of Gdańsk (UG), Jerstad Viltforvaltning, Pomona College, Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), BIOCONSULT BREMEN DEU, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), and La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Aquatic Science, migration, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, non-breeding distribution, Survival data, biology.animal, capture-markrecapture, 14. Life underwater, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Extinction, Ecology, biology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, synchrony, Capture mark recapture, Alle alle, 15. Life on land, Geography, Arctic, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, geolocator, Seabird, Vital rates
Abstract: Sharing the same wintering grounds by avian populations breeding in various areas may synchronize fluctuations in vital rates, which could increase the risk of extinction. Here, by combining multi-colony tracking with long-term capture-recapture data, we studied the winter distribution and annual survival of the most numerous Arctic seabird, the little aukAlle alle. We assessed whether little auks from different breeding populations in Svalbard and Franz Josef Land use the same wintering grounds and if this leads to synchronized survival. Our results indicate that birds from the Svalbard colonies shared similar wintering grounds, although differences existed in the proportion of birds from each colony using the different areas. Little auks from Franz Josef Land generally spent the winter in a separate area, but some individuals wintered in the Iceland Sea with Svalbard populations. Survival data from 3 Svalbard colonies collected in 2005-2018 indicated that sharing wintering grounds did not synchronize little auk annual survival rates. However, it is clear that the Iceland Sea is an important wintering area for little auks, and environmental changes in this area could have widespread impacts on many populations.
Published: 2021

34. Microwave Atmospheric Plasma: A Versatile and Fast Way to Confer Antimicrobial Activity toward Direct Chitosan Immobilization onto Poly(lactic acid) Substrate

Author: Philippe Leclère, Mohamed Boudifa, Thomas Godfroid, Paloma Cabecas Segura, Rosica Mincheva, Xavier Carette, Morgane Herbin, Olivier Jolois, Halima Kerdjoudj, Xavier Noirfalise, Cuong Nguyen Thai, Jean-Marie Raquez, Ruddy Wattiez, Laboratory of Polymeric and Composite Materials, Université de Mons-Hainaut (LPCM), Université de Mons-Hainaut, Chimie des Interactions Plasma-Surface (ChIPS) (ChIPS), Proteomics and Microbiology Laboratory, Université de Mons (UMons), Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, CENTEXBEL BEL, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Biomatériaux et inflammation en site osseux - EA 4691 (BIOS), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-SFR CAP Santé (Champagne-Ardenne Picardie Santé), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV), and Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)
Subjects: Polyesters, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Biomedical Engineering, Atmospheric-pressure plasma, macromolecular substances, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Biomaterials, Chitosan, chemistry.chemical_compound, Anti-Infective Agents, Microwaves, Biochemistry (medical), technology, industry, and agriculture, Substrate (chemistry), General Chemistry, equipment and supplies, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Antimicrobial, 0104 chemical sciences, Lactic acid, chemistry, Chemical engineering, 0210 nano-technology, Microwave
Abstract: International audience; In this study, a simple method to immobilize chitosan on a poly(lactic acid) (PLA) surface was developed in a fast manner. The immobilization was realized in two steps. First, an atmospheric plasma (MWAP) torch was used to modify the PLA surface in less than 5 min in order to create enough activated sites toward the chitosan adhesion, followed by a direct dip coating to spread and immobilize chitosan on this MWAP-modified PLA surface. The modification of the PLA surface properties was confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), water contact angle, and atomic force microscopy. It resulted that the activated species derived from the plasma torch, i.e., hydroxyl and carboxylic acid moieties, enabled an increase of the hydrophilicity of the PLA surface. Interestingly, this activated surface allows a good spreading of chitosan solution from dip coating and leads to a homogeneous stable coating. Our XPS results bring us the hypothesis that the stabilization of the chitosan layer is mainly induced by noncovalent interactions such as hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interactions. A first insight into the biological properties of theses surfaces was assessed in terms of the antimicrobial activity of the here-designed surfaces.
Published: 2021

35. A unique case of skeletal dysplasia in an adult male in Late Iron Age Switzerland

Author: Julie Debard, Jocelyne Desideri, Matteo Gios, François Mariéthoz, Olivier Dutour, Georgios Kottas, Laboratoire d'archéologie préhistorique et anthropologie, Université de Genève (UNIGE), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Office Cantonal d'archéologie du Valais, DEPARTEMENT FOREL DES SCIENCES DE L'ENVIRONNEMENT ET DE L'EAU UNIVERSITE DE GENEVE CHE, Partenaires IRSTEA, and Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)
Subjects: Adult, Male, musculoskeletal diseases, Archeology, Âge du Fer, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Adult male, Iron, Dysplasie, [SHS.ANTHRO-BIO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Biological anthropology, Osteochondrodysplasias, Bone and Bones, Late iron age, Achondroplasia, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Multiple epiphyseal dysplasia, Young Adult, Valais, Archéologie, Left femur, ddc:550, medicine, Humans, 0601 history and archaeology, Tibia, Craniofacial, Suisse, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 060101 anthropology, 060102 archaeology, Articular surfaces, business.industry, 06 humanities and the arts, Anatomy, Protohistoire, medicine.disease, Anthropologie, Paléopathologie, Dysplasia, business, Switzerland, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology
Abstract: Objective We report a probable case of multiple skeletal dysplasia observed in a Late Iron Age young adult male. Materials The individual studied belongs to a Late Iron Age necropolis from Switzerland. The skeletal elements are well preserved Methods Macroscopic and radiographic assessment. Results The individual shows evidence of both craniofacial and mandibular deformation. Developmental defects are also visible with effects on the general shape and articular surfaces of both humeri, as well as the left femur and tibia. Conclusion We propose that the lesions observed are manifestations of skeletal dysplasia, such as pseudo-achondroplasia or multiple epiphyseal dysplasia. Significance This is the first recorded case of multiple skeletal dysplasia in an Iron Age necropolis in Switzerland, questioning the integration of physically compromised individuals in La Tene society. Limitations Examination of other skeletal dysplasias from archaeological contexts provides support for this diagnosis. Suggestions for future research The integration of individuals with disabilities in La Tene societies is still poorly understood and further research is needed to better characterize these communities.
Published: 2021

36. Développement d'un modèle dispersif hyperbolique pour les vagues côtières et implémentation dans Tolosa. Derivation of a disspersive-hyperbolic model for coastal waves et its numerical implementation

Author: Duran, Arnaud, Kazakova, Maria, Hung, Yen-Chung, Baraille, Rémy, Couderc, Frédéric, Vila, Jean-Paul, Chauchat, Julien, Richard, Gaël Loïc, Institut Camille Jordan [Villeurbanne] (ICJ), École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Mathématiques (LAMA), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), SHOM SERVICE HYDROGRAPHIQUE ET OCEANOGRAPHIQUE DE LA MARINE BREST FRA, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Laboratoire des Écoulements Géophysiques et Industriels [Grenoble] (LEGI), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Erosion torrentielle neige et avalanches (UR ETGR (ETNA)), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and ANR-17-CE40-0025,Nabuco,Frontières numériques et couplages(2017)
Subjects: [MATH.MATH-MP]Mathematics [math]/Mathematical Physics [math-ph], [MATH.MATH-AP]Mathematics [math]/Analysis of PDEs [math.AP], [PHYS.MECA.MEFL]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Fluid mechanics [physics.class-ph], [MATH.MATH-NA]Mathematics [math]/Numerical Analysis [math.NA]
Abstract: International audience; In the present study we propose a new hyperbolic model with the same dispersive properties as the classical Serre-Green-Naghdi capable to capture wave breaking phenomenon.; Dans cette étude, nous proposons un nouveau modèle hyperbolique avec les mêmes propriétés dispersives que le modèle classique de Serre-Green-Naghdi capable de capturer le phénomène de déferlement des vagues.
Published: 2022

37. Développement d'un modèle dispersif hyperbolique pour les vagues côtières et implémentation dans Tolosa

Author: Duran, Arnaud, Kazakova, Maria, Hung, Yen-Chung, Baraille, Rémy, Couderc, Frédéric, Vila, Jean-Paul, Chauchat, Julien, Richard, Gaël Loïc, Institut Camille Jordan (ICJ), École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Modélisation mathématique, calcul scientifique (MMCS), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), Laboratoire de Mathématiques (LAMA), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), SHOM SERVICE HYDROGRAPHIQUE ET OCEANOGRAPHIQUE DE LA MARINE BREST FRA, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Institut de Mathématiques de Toulouse UMR5219 (IMT), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT), Laboratoire des Écoulements Géophysiques et Industriels [Grenoble] (LEGI), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Erosion torrentielle neige et avalanches (UR ETGR (ETNA)), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and ANR-17-CE40-0025,Nabuco,Frontières numériques et couplages(2017)
Subjects: [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, [MATH.MATH-MP]Mathematics [math]/Mathematical Physics [math-ph], [MATH.MATH-AP]Mathematics [math]/Analysis of PDEs [math.AP], [PHYS.MECA.MEFL]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Fluid mechanics [physics.class-ph]
Abstract: International audience; In this study, we propose a new hyperbolic model with the same dispersive properties as the classical Serre-Green-Naghdi model capable to capture the wave breaking phenomenon. The hyperbolisation of the equations is based on taking into account the finite character of the sound speed and thus the compressibility of the sea water. The method therefore involves introducing acoustic energy into the system. In the case of coastal waves, the effects of static compressibility are negligible. The resulting model is then a hyperbolic approximation of the Serre-Green-Naghdi equations. The modelling of breakingwaves is obtained by adapting to this pseudo-compressible approach the depth-averaging method of Large-Eddy Simulations (LES) where the small scale turbulence is modelled by a turbulent viscosity, whereas the large scales are taken into account in the model by an anisotropic tensor variable called enstrophy.; Dans cette étude, nous proposons un nouveau modèle hyperbolique avec les mêmes propriétés dispersives que le modèle classique de Serre-Green-Naghdi capable de capturer le phénomène de déferlement des vagues. L'hyperbolisation des équations est basée sur la prise en compte du caractère fini de la vitesse du son et donc de la compressibilité de l'eau de mer. La méthode implique donc d'introduire une énergie acoustique dans le système. Dans le cas des vagues côtières, les effets de compressibilité statique sont négligeables. Le modèle obtenu est alors une approximation hyperbolique des équations de Serre-Green-Naghdi. La modélisation du déferlement est obtenue par l'adaptation à cette approche pseudo-compressible de la méthode de moyenne sur la profondeur des équations de la simulation des grandes échelles de la turbulence (SGS) où les petites échelles de la turbulence sont modélisées par une viscosité turbulente, en revanche les grandes échelles sont prises en compte dans le modèle par une variable tensorielle anisotrope appelée enstrophie.
Published: 2022

38. Making Drawings Speak Through Mathematical Metrics

Author: Cédric Sueur, Lison Martinet, Benjamin Beltzung, Marie Pelé, INSTITUT UNIVERSITAIRE DE FRANCE PARIS FRA, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Anthropologie Expérimentale (ANTHROPO-LAB), Institut Catholique de Lille (ICL), and Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université catholique de Lille (UCL)
Subjects: FOS: Computer and information sciences, [INFO.INFO-CC]Computer Science [cs]/Computational Complexity [cs.CC], Homo sapiens, Sociology and Political Science, [SHS.ANTHRO-BIO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Biological anthropology, [SHS.ART]Humanities and Social Sciences/Art and art history, Methodology (stat.ME), Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous), FOS: Biological sciences, Quantitative Biology - Neurons and Cognition, Anthropology, evolution, comparative psychology, Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC), marking gesture, [STAT.ME]Statistics [stat]/Methodology [stat.ME], Statistics - Methodology, Social Sciences (miscellaneous), Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract: Figurative drawing is a skill that takes time to learn, and it evolves during different childhood phases that begin with scribbling and end with representational drawing. Between these phases, it is difficult to assess when and how children demonstrate intentions and representativeness in their drawings. The marks produced are increasingly goal-oriented and efficient as the child's skills progress from scribbles to figurative drawings. Pre-figurative activities provide an opportunity to focus on drawing processes. We applied fourteen metrics to two different datasets (N = 65 and N = 344) to better understand the intentional and representational processes behind drawing, and combined these metrics using principal component analysis (PCA) in different biologically significant dimensions. Three dimensions were identified: efficiency based on spatial metrics, diversity with color metrics, and temporal sequentiality. The metrics at play in each dimension are similar for both datasets, and PCA explains 77% of the variance in both datasets. Gender had no effect, but age influenced all three dimensions differently. These analyses for instance differentiate scribbles by children from those drawn by adults. The three dimensions highlighted by this study provide a better understanding of the emergence of intentions and representativeness in drawings. We discussed the perspectives of such findings in comparative psychology and evolutionary anthropology.
Published: 2022

39. Risks, benefits, and knowledge gaps of non-native tree species in Europe

Author: Anastazija Dimitrova, Katalin Csilléry, Marcin Klisz, Mathieu Lévesque, Steffi Heinrichs, Maxime Cailleret, Enrique Andivia, Palle Madsen, Henrik Böhenius, Branislav Cvjetkovic, Bart De Cuyper, Giovanbattista de Dato, Peter Ferus, Berthold Heinze, Vladan Ivetić, Zoltan Köbölkuti, Jelena Lazarević, Dagnija Lazdina, Tiit Maaten, Kristaps Makovskis, Jelena Milovanović, Antonio T. Monteiro, Marina Nonić, Simon Place, Radoslaw Puchalka, Antonio Montagnoli, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje (UKIM), Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, FOREST RESEARCH INSTITUTE RASZYN POL, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Department of Environmental Systems Science [ETH Zürich] (D-USYS), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Georg-August-University = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Risques, Ecosystèmes, Vulnérabilité, Environnement, Résilience (RECOVER), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Universidad Complutense de Madrid = Complutense University of Madrid [Madrid] (UCM), InNovaSilva ApS, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), University of Banja Luka, Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO), CREA – Research Centre for Forestry and Wood, Arezzo, Italy, Slovak Academy of Sciences (SAS), Austrian Research Centre for Forests (BFW), University of Belgrade [Belgrade], University of West Hungary [Sopron], University of Montenegro (UCG), Latvian State Forest Research Institute 'Silava', ESTONIAN UNIVERSITY OF LIFE SCIENCES TARTU EST, Singidunum University, University Institute of Lisbon (ISCTE), Chartered Forester UK, Nicolaus Copernicus University [Toruń], Universitá degli Studi dell’Insubria = University of Insubria [Varese] (Uninsubria), European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST)CA19128, Appeared in source as:COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology), and Repositório da Universidade de Lisboa
Subjects: Invasive species, Ecology, Grey literature, Forestry, Distribution, Non-native tree species, assisted migration, climate change, database, distribution, forestry, grey literature, hybridization, invasive species, Climate change, Hybridization, Database, Assisted migration, Europe, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract: Changing ecosystem conditions and diverse socio-economical events have contributed to an ingrained presence of non-native tree species (NNTs) in the natural and cultural European landscapes. Recent research endeavors have focused on different aspects of NNTs such as legislation, benefits, and risks for forestry, emphasizing that large knowledge gaps remain. As an attempt to fulfill part of these gaps, within the PEN-CAFoRR COST Action (CA19128) network, we established an open-access questionnaire that allows both academic experts and practitioners to provide information regarding NNTs from 20 European countries. Then, we integrated the data originating from the questionnaire, related to the country-based assessment of both peer-reviewed and grey literature, with information from available datasets (EUFORGEN and EU-Forest), which gave the main structure to the study and led to a mixed approach review. Finally, our study provided important insights into the current state of knowledge regarding NNTs. In particular, we highlighted NNTs that have shown to be less commonly addressed in research, raising caution about those characterized by an invasive behavior and used for specific purposes (e.g., wood production, soil recultivation, afforestation, and reforestation). NNTs were especially explored in the context of resilient and adaptive forest management. Moreover, we emphasized the assisted and natural northward migration of NNTs as another underscored pressing issue, which needs to be addressed by joint efforts, especially in the context of the hybridization potential. This study represents an additional effort toward the knowledge enhancement of the NNTs situation in Europe, aiming for a continuously active common source deriving from interprofessional collaboration., Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, 10, ISSN:2296-701X
Published: 2022
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40. Invasiveness, biology, ecology, and management of the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda

Author: Kenis, Marc, Benelli, Giovanni, Biondi, Antonio, Calatayud, Paul-André, Day, Roger, Desneux, Nicolas, Harrison, Rhett, Kriticos, Darren, Rwomushana, Ivan, van den Berg, Johnnie, Verheggen, François, Zhang, Yong-Jun, Agboyi, Lakpo Koku, Ahissou, Régis Besmer, Ba, Malick, Bernal, Julio, Nègre, Nicolas, CABI DELEMONT CHE, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), University of Pisa - Università di Pisa, University of Catania [Italy], Evolution, génomes, comportement et écologie (EGCE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre for Agricultural and Biosciences International (CABI), Institut Sophia Agrobiotech (ISA), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), CSIRO Entomology, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] (CSIRO), North-West University [South Aftrica] (NWU), Université de Liège, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), cabi, Université Polytechnique Nazi Boni Bobo-Dioulasso (UNB), International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics [Niger] (ICRISAT), International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics [Inde] (ICRISAT), Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR)-Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), Université du Texas, Diversité, Génomes & Interactions Microorganismes - Insectes [Montpellier] (DGIMI), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office (FCDO) , UK, Netherlands Government, European Commission Directorate-General for International Cooperation and Development (DEVCO), Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC) through the Plantwise+ programme, and Ministry of Agriculture, Czech Republic MZE-RO0418
Subjects: biopesticides, integrated pest management, Insect Science, Noctuidae, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], genomics, biological control, globalization, invasive species
Abstract: Early access; International audience; The fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (JE Smith, 1797), is a serious pest of several crops, particularly maize and other cereals. It has long been known as a pest in the Americas and has invaded most of Africa and parts of the Middle East, Asia, and Australia in the last six years. Its new status as an invasive species causing serious damage in many regions worldwide has highlighted the need for better understanding and has generated much research. In this article, we provide a comprehensive review of FAW covering its (i) taxonomy, biology, ecology, genomics, and microbiome, (ii) worldwide status and geographic spread, (iii) potential for geographic expansion and quarantine measures in place, and (iv) management including monitoring, sampling, forecasting, biological control, biopesticides, agroecological strategies, chemical control, insecticide resistance, effects of insecticides on natural enemies, as well as conventional and transgenic resistant cultivars. We conclude with recommendations for research to enhance the sustainable management of FAW in invaded regions.
Published: 2022

41. Suivi de l’évolution des infrastructures urbaines et des pratiques de consommation et de l’état de santé de la population : Observation de la qualité des eaux usées franciliennes

Author: Lopez Viveros, Mélissa, Rocher, Vincent, Azimi, Sami, Moilleron, Régis, Le-Roux, Julien, Vulliet, Emmanuelle, SIAAP - Direction du Développement et de la Prospective, SIAAP, SIAAP DIRECTION INNOVATION ET ENVIRONNEMENT COLOMBES FRA, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), laboratoire Eau Environnement et Systèmes Urbains (LEESU), AgroParisTech-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Laboratoire Eau Environnement et Systèmes Urbains (LEESU), École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Institut des Sciences Analytiques (ISA), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Vulliet, Emmanuelle
Subjects: [SDE.ES] Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2022

42. Multi-Agent System and Ontology to Manage Ideas and Represent Knowledge: Creativity Challenge

Author: Barrios, Pedro, Monticolo, Davy, Sidhom, Sahbi, UNIVERSIDAD AUTONOMA DE QUERETARO CERRO DE LAS CAMPANAS QUERETARO MEX, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Ecole Nationale Supérieure en Génie des Systèmes et de l'Innovation (ENSGSI), Université de Lorraine (UL), Equipe de Recherche sur les Processus Innovatifs (ERPI), Building artificial Intelligence between trust, Responsibility and Decision (BIRD), Department of Complex Systems, Artificial Intelligence & Robotics (LORIA - AIS), Laboratoire Lorrain de Recherche en Informatique et ses Applications (LORIA), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire Lorrain de Recherche en Informatique et ses Applications (LORIA), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ISTE UK & WILEY, and Imad Saleh
Subjects: Intelligent system, Creativity, [INFO.INFO-TT]Computer Science [cs]/Document and Text Processing, [INFO.INFO-FL]Computer Science [cs]/Formal Languages and Automata Theory [cs.FL], Ontology, [SHS.INFO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Library and information sciences, [INFO.INFO-IR]Computer Science [cs]/Information Retrieval [cs.IR], Multi-agent system (MAS), [INFO]Computer Science [cs], Idea Creativity (48H), Knowledge Organization, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, [INFO.INFO-AI]Computer Science [cs]/Artificial Intelligence [cs.AI]
Abstract: International audience; This chapter is about an intelligent system to support ideas management as a result of a multi-agent system used in a distributed system with heterogeneous information as ideas and knowledge, after the results about an ontology to describe meaning of these ideas. The intelligent system assists participants of the creativity workshop to manage their ideas and consequently proposing an ontology dedicated to ideas. During the creative workshop many creative activities and collaborative creative methods are used by roles immersed in this creativity workshop event where they share knowledge. The collaboration of these roles is physically distant, their interactions might be synchrony or asynchrony, and the information of the ideas are heterogeneous, so we can say that the process is distributed. Those ideas are writing in natural language by participants which have a role and the ideas are heterogeneous since some of them are described by schema, text or scenario of use. This paper presents first, our MAS and second our Ontology design.
Published: 2022

43. Towards carbon neutrality by 2040 in La Rochelle metropolitan area (France): quantifying the role of wetlands and littoral zone in the capture and sequestration of blue carbon

Author: Dupuy, Christine, Agogué, Hélène, Amann, Benjamin, Azémar, Frédéric, Becu, Nicolas, Bergeon, Lauriane, Bertin, Xavier, Bocher, Pierrick, Bout, Emilie, Brenon, Isabelle, Carpentier, Alexandre, Ceaux, Serge, Chaumillon, Eric, Choquet, Catherine, Colin, Béatrice, Deborde, Jonathan, Dubillot, Emmanuel, Claire, Emery, Ferrari, Sylvie, Gaucherel, Cédric, Geairon, Philippe, Gilbert, Stéphane, Jeannin, Marc, Jourde, J., Kalenitchenko, Dimitri, Lachaussée, Nicolas, Lacoue-Labarthe, Thomas, Lanneluc, Isabelle, Lavaud, Laura, Lavaud, Sébastien, Lefrançois, Christel, Le Fouest, Vincent, Le Fur, Inès, Long, Nathalie, Mahieux, Pierre-Yves, Mayen, Jérémy, Marais, Caroline, Metzger, Édouard, Moncelon, Raphaël, Ouisse, Vincent, Péreau, Jean-Christophe, Pétillon, Julien, Philippine, Olivier, Pineau, Philippe, Pignon-Mussaud, Cécilia, Polsenaere, Pierre, Sabot, René, Refait, Philippe, Réveillac, Elodie, Robin, François-Xavier, Rouquette, Hélène, Sablé, Sophie, Sauriau, Pierre-Guy, Tackx, Michèle, Turcry, Philippe, Vagner, Marie, Vincent, Julia, Volto, Natacha, LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (LEFE), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT), Communauté d'Agglomération de La Rochelle (CDA La Rochelle), Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Université de Rennes (UR), Mathématiques, Image et Applications - EA 3165 (MIA), La Rochelle Université (ULR), Laboratoire Environnement Ressources des Pertuis Charentais (LERPC), LITTORAL (LITTORAL), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Bordeaux Sciences Economiques (BSE), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Ingénieur pour l'Environnement - UMR 7356 (LaSIE), Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géosciences [UMR_C 6112] (LPG), Université d'Angers (UA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Nantes université - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (Nantes univ - UFR ST), Nantes Université - pôle Sciences et technologie, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université - pôle Sciences et technologie, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ), MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation (UMR MARBEC), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute for Coastal and Marine Research and Department of Zoology [South Africa], Nelson Mandela University [Port Elizabeth], Union des marais de la Charente-Maritime (UNIMA), DDAF LA ROCHELLE, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Communauté d'Agglomération de La Rochelle, Ville de La Rochelle, Banque des Territoires, Le Grand Plan d'InVestissement, Région Nouvelle Aquitaine, Port de Plaisance de La Rochelle, ADEME Agence de la Transition Ecologique, AZTI, and ELSEVIER
Subjects: Vegetated aquatic ecosystems, [SHS.ENVIR]Humanities and Social Sciences/Environmental studies, Climate mitigation, Blue Carbon, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, Holistic approach
Abstract: International audience; Rising greenhouse gas emissions are causing increasing worldwide impacts and changes on climate patterns, sea level, food production, human lives and livelihoods. Maintaining or improving the ability of coastal aquatic ecosystems and oceans to remove CO2 from the atmosphere is a crucial aspect for climate mitigation. The vegetated coastal ecosystems are able to catch and to sequestrate carbon, the so-called Blue Carbon. These ecosystems are key exchange zones that mediate the biogeochemical cycles across the continent, the ocean and the atmosphere. Given the importance of these ecosystems in biogeochemical cycles and their sensitivity to natural and anthropogenic pressures, the carbon cycle within and between compartments (e.g. pelagos, benthos…) and across the interfaces (e.g. atmosphere, ocean…) need to be addressed. On a regional scale, in the extended urban area of La Rochelle located on the French Atlantic coast (La Rochelle metropolitan area), lack in situ measurements within the wetlands and littoral zone make very uncertain their role as a sink or a source of CO2 to the atmosphere. We will first present a vast research project “La Rochelle Territoire Zéro Carbone” project (https://www.agglo-larochelle.fr/projet-de-territoire/territoire-zero-carbone), that target the ambition of carbon neutrality in La Rochelle metropolitan area by 2040 through a holistic approach (from measuring CO2 to raising people's awareness and assessing the impact of exogenous natural factors). Second, we will present some first results on the Blue Carbon dynamics within the freshwater and salt marshes, and seagrasses.
Published: 2022

44. Enhancing monitoring and transboundary collaboration for conserving migratory species under global change: The priority case of the red kite

Author: Brady J. Mattsson, Patricia Mateo-Tomás, Adrian Aebischer, Sascha Rösner, Florian Kunz, Eva M. Schöll, Susanne Åkesson, Davide De Rosa, Duncan Orr-Ewing, David de la Bodega, Miguel Ferrer, Christian Gelpke, Jakob Katzenberger, Grzegorz Maciorowski, Ubbo Mammen, Martin Kolbe, Alexandre Millon, Aymeric Mionnet, Javier de la Puente, Rainer Raab, Stanislav Vyhnal, Guido Ceccolini, Alfonso Godino, Gabriela Crespo-Luengo, Jose Angel Sanchez-Agudo, Juan Martínez, Juan J. Iglesias-Lebrija, Ester Ginés, Maria Cortés, Juan I. Deán, Ricardo Gómez Calmaestra, Marek Dostál, Eike Steinborn, Javier Viñuela, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), University of Coimbra [Portugal] (UC), Philipps Universität Marburg = Philipps University of Marburg, Lund University [Lund], Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ministerio para la Transición Ecológica y el Reto Demográfico (España), CSIC-UCLM - Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC), Universidad de Castilla La Mancha, and Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (España)
Subjects: Conservation of Natural Resources, Environmental Engineering, Conservation strategy, Agricultural intensification, Migratory bird, Anthropogenic mortality, Animals, Wild, Biodiversity, General Medicine, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, Birds, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Animals, Climate change, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Waste Management and Disposal, Full annual cycle
Abstract: Calls for urgent action to conserve biodiversity under global change are increasing, and conservation of migratory species in this context poses special challenges. In the last two decades the Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (CMS) has provided a framework for several subsidiary instruments including action plans for migratory bird species, but the effectiveness and transferability of these plans remain unclear. Such laws and policies have been credited with positive outcomes for the conservation of migratory species, but the lack of international coordination and on-ground implementation pose major challenges. While research on migratory populations has received growing attention, considerably less emphasis has been given to integrating ecological information throughout the annual cycle for examining strategies to conserve migratory species at multiple scales in the face of global change. We fill this gap through a case study examining the ecological status and conservation of a migratory raptor and facultative scavenger, the red kite (Milvus milvus), whose current breeding range is limited to Europe and is associated with agricultural landscapes and restricted to the temperate zone. Based on our review, conservation actions have been successful at recovering red kite populations within certain regions. Populations however remain depleted along the southern-most edge of the geographic range where many migratory red kites from northern strongholds overwinter. This led us to a forward-looking and integrated strategy that emphasizes international coordination involving researchers and conservation practitioners to enhance the science-policy-action interface. We identify and explore key issues for conserving the red kite under global change, including enhancing conservation actions within and outside protected areas, recovering depleted populations, accounting for climate change, and transboundary coordination in adaptive conservation and management actions. The integrated conservation strategy is sufficiently general such that it can be adapted to inform conservation of other highly mobile species subject to global change., Financial and logistic support were provided by GREFA, IREC, UCLM (Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha), CSIC and MITECO.
Published: 2022

45. The Colletotrichum higginsianum secreted effector protein ChEC91 induces plant cell death

Author: Jochen Kleemann, Kenji Ogura, Natsuki Omura, Shota Nakajima, Hiroyuki Takahara, Sho Yamaguchi, Satomi Tanaka, Richard J. O'Connell, Kasumi Otoku, ISHIKAWA PREFECTURAL UNIVERSITY JPN, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Max Planck Inst Plant Breeding Res, Dept Plant Breeding & Genet, Cologne, Germany, Partenaires INRAE, BIOlogie et GEstion des Risques en agriculture (BIOGER), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan (MEXT)Japan Society for the Promotion of ScienceGrants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (KAKENHI)JP25850029, and Mitani Foundation for Research and Development
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Protein domain, Mutant, Nicotiana benthamiana, Plant Science, Biology, 01 natural sciences, Microbiology, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Cell death-inducing proteinColletotrichum higginsianumEffectorRecombinant proteinTransient expression, Arabidopsis thaliana, Gene, Colletotrichum higginsianum, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, Effector, fungi, Callose, food and beverages, biology.organism_classification, chemistry, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Agronomy and Crop Science, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: International audience; ChEC91, a novel cell death-inducing effector protein from the fungal pathogen Colletotrichum higginsianum, causal agent of crucifer anthracnose disease, is described. Both transient expression of ChEC91 and infiltration of purified recombinant protein induced necrotic lesions in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves. The recombinant protein also induced electrolyte leakage and callose deposition in Arabidopsis thaliana leaf tissue and the expression of defence marker genes. Moreover, fungal mutants constitutively over-expressing ChEC91 in C. higginsianum were impaired in appressorial penetration on Brassica rapa cotyledons. These results suggest that inappropriate expression of ChEC91 might negatively affect the early stage of C. higginsianum infection by inducing plant defence responses. Protein domain deletion analysis showed that the C-terminal region of ChEC91 was necessary, but not sufficient, for activity in N. benthamiana. Homologous effector proteins cloned from C. gloeosporioides, Fusarium graminearum, and Pyricularia oryzae differed in their cell death-inducing activity, which appeared related to sequence variations in the C-terminal region of these proteins. Moreover, this region contained amino acid residues that were well conserved within Colletotrichum species. These results suggest that the amino acid residues in the C-terminal region may be important for inducing cell death in plants.
Published: 2021

46. European primary forest database v2.0

Author: Ferenc Horváth, Olli-Pekka Tikkanen, Gintautas Mozgeris, Srđan Keren, Nikolaos Grigoriadis, Matthias Schickhofer, Tobias Kuemmerle, Sabina Burrascano, Dmitry Aksenov, Stjepan Mikac, Jerzy Szwagrzyk, Jonas Stillhard, Erik Buchwald, Tomáš Vrška, Asiya Zagidullina, Rein Midteng, Roman Volosyanchuk, Ángel B. Fernández López, Alen Kiš, Tzvetan Zlatanov, Matteo Garbarino, Elvin Toromani, Leónia Nunes, Momchil Panayotov, Fabio Lombardi, Laurent Larrieu, Radu Nicolae Melu, Martin Mikoláš, Inês Duarte, Mara Kitenberga, Bojan Simovski, Marcus Waldherr, Alejandro Ruete, Peter Meyer, Ann Kraut, José A. Atauri, Eugénie Cateau, Maxim Yermokhin, Rok Pisek, Pierre L. Ibisch, Hendrik Bluhm, Dejan Stojanović, Bratislav Matović, Zoltan Kun, Abdulla Diku, Francesco Maria Sabatini, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Martin-Luther-Universität Halle Wittenberg (MLU), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [Berkeley] (LBNL), Frankfurt Zoological Society, NGO 'Transparent World', Instituto Complutense de Estudios Internacionales (ICEI), Universidad Complutense de Madrid = Complutense University of Madrid [Madrid] (UCM), MINISTRY OF THE DANISH ENVIRONMENT NATURE AGENCY GRAESTED DNK, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome], Réserves Naturelles de France, PSEDA ILIRIA ORGANIZATION TIRANA ALB, Centre for Applied Ecology 'Prof. Baeta Neves' (CEABN – InBIO), School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon, Parque Nacional de Garajonay, Università degli studi di Torino, Dipartimento di Scienze Agarie, Forestali e Alimentari (DISAFA), Forest Research Institute of Thessaloniki, Vassilika, Centre for Ecological Research, Institute of Ecology and Botany, Va´cra´to´t, Hungary, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Latvian State Forest Research Institute 'Silava', Institute for Nature Conservation of Vojvodina Province, University of Tartu, Dynamiques et écologie des paysages agriforestiers (DYNAFOR), École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), CNPF-CRPF Occitanie, Institute of Computer Science [University of Tartu, Estonie], University of Novi Sad, World Wide Fund for Nature, Northwest German Forest Research Institute, Frankfurt Zoological Society (FZS) ETN-WIE-FZS-001, European Commission Joint Research Centre 658876, Department for Nature Protection of the Italian Ministry of the Environment, Land and Sea Protection, Region Pays de la LoireRegion OccitanieRegion Ile-de-France, Czech Science Foundation (Grant GACR) 21-27454S, institutional project EVA CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_019/0000803, Ministry of Education, Science & Technological Development, Serbia 451-03-9/2021-14/200197, German Research Foundation (DFG), Sabatini F.M., Bluhm H., Kun Z., Aksenov D., Atauri J.A., Buchwald E., Burrascano S., Cateau E., Diku A., Duarte I.M., Fernandez Lopez A.B., Garbarino M., Grigoriadis N., Horvath F., Keren S., Kitenberga M., Kis A., Kraut A., Ibisch P.L., Larrieu L., Lombardi F., Matovic B., Melu R.N., Meyer P., Midteng R., Mikac S., Mikolas M., Mozgeris G., Panayotov M., Pisek R., Nunes L., Ruete A., Schickhofer M., Simovski B., Stillhard J., Stojanovic D., Szwagrzyk J., Tikkanen O.-P., Toromani E., Volosyanchuk R., Vrska T., Waldherr M., Yermokhin M., Zlatanov T., Zagidullina A., and Kuemmerle T.
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Statistics and Probability, Data Descriptor, Conservation of Natural Resources, Databases, Factual, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Science, Forest management, Biodiversity, Potential natural vegetation, Library and Information Sciences, Forests, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Education, Databases, Forest ecology, ddc:550, Conservation of Natural Resource, Factual, database, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, European primary forest, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, geography.geographical_feature_category, Agroforestry, Conservation biology, 15. Life on land, Old-growth forest, Field (geography), 550 Geowissenschaften, Computer Science Applications, Europe, Geography, Disturbance (ecology), Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty, Information Systems
Abstract: Primary forests, defined here as forests where the signs of human impacts, if any, are strongly blurred due to decades without forest management, are scarce in Europe and continue to disappear. Despite these losses, we know little about where these forests occur. Here, we present a comprehensive geodatabase and map of Europe’s known primary forests. Our geodatabase harmonizes 48 different, mostly field-based datasets of primary forests, and contains 18,411 individual patches (41.1 Mha) spread across 33 countries. When available, we provide information on each patch (name, location, naturalness, extent and dominant tree species) and the surrounding landscape (biogeographical regions, protection status, potential natural vegetation, current forest extent). Using Landsat satellite-image time series (1985–2018) we checked each patch for possible disturbance events since primary forests were identified, resulting in 94% of patches free of significant disturbances in the last 30 years. Although knowledge gaps remain, ours is the most comprehensive dataset on primary forests in Europe, and will be useful for ecological studies, and conservation planning to safeguard these unique forests., Measurement(s)Geographic DistributionTechnology Type(s)digital curationFactor Type(s)countrySample Characteristic - Environmentprimary forestSample Characteristic - LocationEurope Machine-accessible metadata file describing the reported data: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14540625
Published: 2021

47. How nozzle type, boom height and wind speed affect the sedimentation spray drift as measured in a wind tunnel

Author: Majid Hazim Alheidary, J. P. Douzals, C. Sinfort, UNIVERSITY OF BASRAH IRQ, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Information – Technologies – Analyse Environnementale – Procédés Agricoles (UMR ITAP), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Spray drift, Boom height, Sedimentation (water treatment), Nozzle, Nozzle type, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Horticulture, 01 natural sciences, Boom, Wind speed, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, Geotechnical engineering, Wind tunnel, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: International audience; Crop protection product (CPP) may be subjected to spray drift. This study describes tests conducted at IRSTEA-Montpellier in France to determine how nozzle type, boom height, and wind speed affect the sedimentation spray drift as measured in a wind tunnel. Laboratory tests were conducted with different experimental setups using three nozzle types: flat fan nozzle 110 02, flat fan air induction nozzle (single jet) 110 02, and flat fan air induction twin jet nozzle (twin jets)110 02. Three boom heights were 40, 60 and 80 cm and three wind speeds were 2, 4, and 7.5 m s-1. All experimental measurements were carried out using an operating pressure of 2.5 bar. Air temperature and relative humidity were 20°C and above 90%, respectively. Boom position was in a frontal position (perpendicular with wind speed). Spray drift was detected using a distribution test bench (5 cm width × 10 cm depth) until 9m length. The main results showed the effect of wind speed on sedimentation spray drift is visible on both peak value of deposition and position with the distance from the nozzle. In addition, the results showed a significant difference between flat fan nozzle and air induction nozzles. Also, the results revealed no significant difference between single jet and twin jets. As well, the results indicated that the effect of boom height on sedimentation spray drift was varied depending on nozzle type and wind speed. These results will contribute to a large study on the interaction between the factors that are mentioned above and drift control in both laboratory and field tests.
Published: 2021

48. Biodiversity or Bioenergy: Is Deadwood Conversation an Environmental Issue for French Forest Owners?

Author: DEUFFIC, Philippe, LYSER, Sandrine, UMR5116, Centre Émile Durkheim ( CED ), Université de Bordeaux ( UB ) -Sciences Po-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Bordeaux ( UB ) -Sciences Po-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Aménités et dynamiques des espaces ruraux ( UR ADBX ), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture ( IRSTEA ) -Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture ( IRSTEA ), UR ADBX, Aménités et dynamiques des espaces ruraux ( UR ADBX ), Centre Émile Durkheim (CED), Sciences Po Bordeaux - Institut d'études politiques de Bordeaux (IEP Bordeaux)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Aménités et dynamiques des espaces ruraux (UR ADBX), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aménités et dynamiques des espaces ruraux (UR ADBX), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), and Sciences Po Bordeaux - Institut d'études politiques de Bordeaux (IEP Bordeaux)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)
Subjects: [ SDV.BID ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity, [SHS.SOCIO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Sociology, forêt, Bioénergie, [SDV.BID]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity, énergie renouvelable, France, [ SHS.SOCIO ] Humanities and Social Sciences/Sociology, [ SHS.SCIPO ] Humanities and Social Sciences/Political science, [SHS.SCIPO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Political science, environnement, biodiversité
Abstract: accessible en ligne : http://www.nrcresearchpress.com/doi/abs/10.1139/x2012-073#.UKEZFIbmfSg; Les propriétaires forestiers sont confrontés à des points de vue contradictoires au sujet de l'importance du bois mort. Les environnementalistes soutiennent qu'on devrait le laisser en forêt pour conserver la biodiversité, procurer des habitats à une faune et une flore spécifiques et maintenir la qualité du sol via la décomposition du bois. À l'inverse, les intervenants de l'industrie et certains décideurs publiques préconisent la récolte du bois mort. Sur la base d'une enquête sociologique et d'entretiens qualitatifs, nous avons d'abord analysé les opinions et les valeurs environnementales détaillées de quatre groupes de forestiers français ainsi que leur attitude envers la biodiversité et, plus particulièrement, la conservation du bois mort. Nous avons identifié différents types d'attitude envers le bois mort, qui pouvait être perçu comme un déchet, un sous-produit peu rentable, une entité futile ou une composante clé de l'écosystème. Nous avons ensuite étudié les raisons qui les amenaient à choisir entre la conservation du bois mort et la récolte du mois mort pour la production de bioénergie. D'un côté, les forestiers sont intéressés par la profitabilité à court terme et la lutte contre les ravageurs tandis que d'autres craignent la perte potentielle de fertilité. Finalement, l'article montre que des approches spécifiques pour la conservation du bois mort doivent être négociées localement en attendant que d'autres études scientifiques examinent l'impact du bois mort sur la biodiversité et qu'une attitude plus positive envers les préoccupations écologiques se développe dans la communauté de propriétaires forestiers.
Published: 2012

49. Evaluating expert-based habitat suitability information of terrestrial mammals with GPS-tracking data

Author: Maarten J. E. Broekman, Jelle P. Hilbers, Mark A. J. Huijbregts, Thomas Mueller, Abdullahi H. Ali, Henrik Andrén, Jeanne Altmann, Malin Aronsson, Nina Attias, Hattie L. A. Bartlam‐Brooks, Floris M. van Beest, Jerrold L. Belant, Dean E. Beyer, Laura Bidner, Niels Blaum, Randall B. Boone, Mark S. Boyce, Michael B. Brown, Francesca Cagnacci, Rok Černe, Simon Chamaillé‐Jammes, Nandintsetseg Dejid, Jasja Dekker, Arnaud L. J. Desbiez, Samuel L. Díaz‐Muñoz, Julian Fennessy, Claudia Fichtel, Christina Fischer, Jason T. Fisher, Ilya Fischhoff, Adam T. Ford, John M. Fryxell, Benedikt Gehr, Jacob R. Goheen, Morgan Hauptfleisch, A. J. Mark Hewison, Robert Hering, Marco Heurich, Lynne A. Isbell, René Janssen, Florian Jeltsch, Petra Kaczensky, Peter M. Kappeler, Miha Krofel, Scott LaPoint, A. David M. Latham, John D. C. Linnell, A. Catherine Markham, Jenny Mattisson, Emilia Patricia Medici, Guilherme de Miranda Mourão, Bram Van Moorter, Ronaldo G. Morato, Nicolas Morellet, Atle Mysterud, Stephen Mwiu, John Odden, Kirk A. Olson, Aivars Ornicāns, Nives Pagon, Manuela Panzacchi, Jens Persson, Tyler Petroelje, Christer Moe Rolandsen, David Roshier, Daniel I. Rubenstein, Sonia Saïd, Albert R. Salemgareyev, Hall Sawyer, Niels Martin Schmidt, Nuria Selva, Agnieszka Sergiel, Jared Stabach, Jenna Stacy‐Dawes, Frances E. C. Stewart, Jonas Stiegler, Olav Strand, Siva Sundaresan, Nathan J. Svoboda, Wiebke Ullmann, Ulrich Voigt, Jake Wall, Martin Wikelski, Christopher C. Wilmers, Filip Zięba, Tomasz Zwijacz‐Kozica, Aafke M. Schipper, Marlee A. Tucker, MAARTEN J. E. BROEKMAN, Radboud University, JELLE P. HILBERS, Radboud University, MARK A. J. HUIJBREGTS, Radboud University, THOMAS MUELLER, Radboud University, ABDULLAHI H. ALI, Hirola Conservation Programme, Garissa, HENRIK ANDRÉN, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, JEANNE ALTMANN, Princeton University, MALIN ARONSSON, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, NINA ATTIAS, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, HATTIE L. A. BARTLAM-BROOKS, Royal Veterinary College, London, FLORIS M. VAN BEEST, Aarhus University, Roskilde, JERROLD L. BELANT, State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, DEAN E. BEYER, Michigan State University, LAURA BIDNER, University of California, NIELS BLAUM, University of Potsdam, RANDALL B. BOONE, Colorado State University, MARK S. BOYCE, University of Alberta, MICHAEL B. BROWN, Giraffe Conservation Foundation, Eros, FRANCESCA CAGNACCI, Research and Innovation Centre, ROK CERNE, Slovenia Forest Service, Ljubljana, SIMON CHAMAILLÉ-JAMMES, Univ Paul Valéry Montpellier, NANDINTSETSEG DEJID, Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, JASJA DEKKER, Bionet Natuuronderzoek, ARNAUD L. J. DESBIEZ, Instituto de Conservação de Animais Silvestres (ICAS), SAMUEL L. DÍAZ-MUÑOZ, University of California, JULIAN FENNESSY, Giraffe Conservation Foundation, CLAUDIA FICHTEL, Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology Unit, Göttingen, CHRISTINA FISCHER, Anhalt University of Applied Sciences, JASON T. FISHER, University of Victoria, ILYA FISCHHOFF, Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies, Millbrook, ADAM T. FORD, University of British Columbia, JOHN M. FRYXELL, University of Guelph, Guelph, BENEDIKT GEHR, University of Zurich, JACOB R. GOHEEN, University of Wyoming, MORGAN HAUPTFLEISCH, Namibia University of Science and Technology, A. J. MARK HEWISON, Université de Toulouse, ROBERT HERING, University of Potsdam, MARCO HEURICH, Bavarian Forest National Park, LYNNE A. ISBELL, University of California, RENÉ JANSSEN, Bionet Natuuronderzoek, FLORIAN JELTSCH, University of Potsdam, PETRA KACZENSKY, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, PETER M. KAPPELER, Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology Unit, MIHA KROFEL, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, SCOTT LAPOINT, Black Rock Forest, Cornwall, A. DAVID M. LATHAM, University of Alberta, JOHN D. C. LINNELL, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, A. CATHERINE MARKHAM, Stony Brook University, JENNY MATTISSON, Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, EMILIA PATRICIA MEDICI, Instituto de Pesquisas Ecológicas, GUILHERME DE MIRANDA MOURAO, CPAP, BRAM VAN MOORTER, Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, RONALDO G. MORATO, Chico Mendes Institute for the Conservation of Biodiversity, NICOLAS MORELLET, Université de Toulouse, ATLE MYSTERUD, Chico Mendes Institute for the Conservation of Biodiversity, STEPHEN MWIU, Wildlife Research and Training Institute, JOHN ODDEN, Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, KIRK A. OLSON, Wildlife Conservation Society, AIVARS ORNICANS, Latvian State Forest Research Institute, NIVES PAGON, Slovenia Forest Service, MANUELA PANZACCHI, Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, TYLER PETROELJE, State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, CHRISTER MOE ROLANDSEN, Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, DAVID ROSHIER, Australian Wildlife Conservancy, DANIEL I. RUBENSTEIN, Princeton University, SONIA SAÏD, Office Français de la Biodiversité, ALBERT R. SALEMGAREYEV, Association for the Conservation of Biodiversity of Kazakhstan (ACBK), HALL SAWYER, Western Ecosystems Technology Inc., NIELS MARTIN SCHMIDT, Aarhus University, NURIA SELVA, Institute of Nature Conservation Polish Academy of Sciences, AGNIESZKA SERGIEL, Institute of Nature Conservation Polish Academy of Sciences, JARED STABACH, Smithsonian National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute, JENNA STACY-DAWES, Conservation Science and Wildlife Health, FRANCES E. C. STEWART, University of Victoria, JONAS STIEGLER, University of Potsdam, OLAV STRAND, Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, SIVA SUNDARESAN, Greater Yellowstone Coalition, NATHAN J. SVOBODA, Mississippi State University, WIEBKE ULLMANN, University of Potsdam, ULRICH VOIGT, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover Foundation, JAKE WALL, Mara Elephant Project, MARTIN WIKELSKI, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, CHRISTOPHER C. WILMERS, University of California, FILIP ZIEBA, Tatra National Park, Zakopane, TOMASZ ZWIJACZ-KOZICA, Tatra National Park, Zakopane, AAFKE M. SCHIPPER, Radboud University, MARLEE A. TUCKER, Radboud University., Radboud University [Nijmegen], Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (SBiK-F), Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main-Senckenberg – Leibniz Institution for Biodiversity and Earth System Research - Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Leibniz Association-Leibniz Association, Hirola Conservation Programme, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Princeton University, Instituto de Conservação de Animais Silvestres, Royal Veterinary College [London], University of London [London], Aarhus University [Aarhus], State University of New York (SUNY), Michigan State University [East Lansing], Michigan State University System, University of California [Davis] (UC Davis), University of California (UC), University of Potsdam = Universität Potsdam, Colorado State University [Fort Collins] (CSU), University of Alberta, Giraffe Conservation Foundation, Fondazione Edmund Mach - Edmund Mach Foundation [Italie] (FEM), SLOVENIA FOREST SERVICE SVN, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Senckenberg – Leibniz Institution for Biodiversity and Earth System Research - Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Leibniz Association, German Primate Center - Deutsches Primatenzentrum -- Leibniz Insitute for Primate Research -- [Göttingen, Allemagne] (GPC - DPZ), Anhalt University of Applied Sciences, University of Victoria [Canada] (UVIC), Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies, University of British Columbia (UBC), University of Guelph, Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH), University of Wyoming (UW), Namibia University of Science and Technology (NUST), Unité de recherche Comportement et Ecologie de la Faune Sauvage (CEFS), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), University of Freiburg [Freiburg], Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences - Høgskolen i Innlandet, Bionet Natuuronderzoek, Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), University of Veterinary Medicine [Vienna] (Vetmeduni), University of Ljubljana, Columbia University [New York], Stony Brook University [SUNY] (SBU), Instituto de Pesquisas Ecológicas (IPÊ), Instituto de Pesquisas Ecológicas, National Research Center for Carnivores Conservation, University of Oslo (UiO), Wildlife Research and Training Institute, Wildlife Conservation Society [Mongolia], Latvian State Forest Research Institute 'Silava', Australian Wildlife Conservancy, Office français de la biodiversité (OFB), Association for the Conservation of Biodiversity of Kazakhstan, Western Ecosystems Technology Inc., Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN), Smithsonian National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute, San Diego Zoo Wildlife Alliance, Wilfrid Laurier University (WLU), Greater Yellowstone Coalition, Mississippi State University [Mississippi], University of Veterinary Medicine [Hannover], Mara Elephant Project, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, University of California [Santa Cruz] (UC Santa Cruz), Tatra National Park, Partenaires INRAE, ANR-16-CE02-0001,LANDTHIRST,Les paysages de la soif: changement climatique et ajustements comportementaux face au manque d'eau(2016), and ANR-16-CE02-0010,Mov-It,Le mouvement des ongulés au sein de paysages hétérogènes: identification des processus comportementaux reliant les changements globaux aux performances démographiques et à la gestion spatialement explicite(2016)
Subjects: SELECTION, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], GPS, VDP::Zoologiske og botaniske fag: 480, RANGING BEHAVIOR, telemetrija, Physical Geography and Environmental Geoscience, sesalci, IUCN, Telemetry, habitatni tip, Mammals, Global and Planetary Change, Ecology, telemetry, THREAT, telemetry expert opinion, EXTINCTION RISK, expert opinion, CAPTURE, Comportamento Animal, Habitat use, Expert opinion, Habitat suitability, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, selitev, movement, Animal behavior, LAND, habitat suitability, Movement, selection ratio, raba prostora, ROE DEER, ddc:570, Settore BIO/07 - ECOLOGIA, habitat type, udc:630*15, mammals, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, AVAILABILITY, Expert opinion, GPS, habitat suitability, habitat type, habitat use, IUCN, mammals, movement, selection ratio, telemetry, habitat use, primernost habitata, Climate Action, Ecological Applications, strokovno mnenje, PATTERNS, VDP::Zoology and botany: 480, Environmental Sciences, FUNCTIONAL-RESPONSES
Abstract: Aim: Macroecological studies that require habitat suitability data for many species often derive this information from expert opinion. However, expert- based informa-tion is inherently subjective and thus prone to errors. The increasing availability of GPS tracking data offers opportunities to evaluate and supplement expert- based in-formation with detailed empirical evidence. Here, we compared expert- based habitat suitability information from the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) with habitat suitability information derived from GPS-tracking data of 1,498 individu-als from 49 mammal species.Location: Worldwide.Time period: 1998–2021.Major taxa studied: Forty- nine terrestrial mammal species.Methods: Using GPS data, we estimated two measures of habitat suitability for each individual animal: proportional habitat use (proportion of GPS locations within a habi-tat type), and selection ratio (habitat use relative to its availability). For each individual we then evaluated whether the GPS- based habitat suitability measures were in agree-ment with the IUCN data. To that end, we calculated the probability that the ranking of empirical habitat suitability measures was in agreement with IUCN's classification into suitable, marginal and unsuitable habitat types.Results: IUCN habitat suitability data were in accordance with the GPS data (> 95% probability of agreement) for 33 out of 49 species based on proportional habitat use estimates and for 25 out of 49 species based on selection ratios. In addition, 37 and 34 species had a > 50% probability of agreement based on proportional habitat use and selection ratios, respectively.Main conclusions: We show how GPS-tracking data can be used to evaluate IUCN habitat suitability data. Our findings indicate that for the majority of species in-cluded in this study, it is appropriate to use IUCN habitat suitability data in macro-ecological studies. Furthermore, we show that GPS-tracking data can be used to identify and prioritize species and habitat types for re-evaluation of IUCN habitat suitability data. expert opinion, GPS, habitat suitability, habitat type, habitat use, IUCN, mammals, movement, selection ratio, telemetry
Published: 2022

50. Assessing late Pliocene climate variability over glacial-interglacial timescales (PlioVAR)

Author: Erin McClymont, Sze Ling Ho, Heather Ford, Sarah White, Jeroen Groenveld, Clara Bolton, Kau Thirumalai, Georgia Grant, Molly Patterson, Montserrat Alonso-Garcia, Babette Hoogakker, Department of Geography, Durham University, Durham University, Institute of Oceanography [Taipei], National Taiwan University [Taiwan] (NTU), SCHOOL OF GEOGRAPHY QUEEN MARY UNIVERSITY OF LONDON GBR, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences [Santa Cruz], University of California [Santa Cruz] (UC Santa Cruz), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Department of Geosciences [University of Arizona], University of Arizona, GNS Science [Lower Hutt], GNS Science, Department of Geological Sciences and Environmental Studies [Binghamton], Binghamton University [SUNY], and State University of New York (SUNY)-State University of New York (SUNY)
Subjects: [SDE]Environmental Sciences
Abstract: The Pliocene epoch (~2.6-5.3 million years ago) is one of the best resolved examples of a climate state in long-term equilibrium with current or predicted near-future atmospheric CO2 concentrations, characterised by a globally warmer climate, reduced continental ice volume, and reduced ocean/atmosphere circulation intensity compared to today. Towards the end of the Pliocene, there was a marked increase in glaciation in the northern hemisphere and atmospheric CO2 concentrations declined. The Past Global Changes (PAGES) PlioVAR working group aimed to co-ordinate a synthesis of terrestrial and marine data to characterise spatial and temporal variability of Pliocene climate, underpinned by high quality data sets supported by robust stratigraphies. Here we present some of the main findings of this synthesis effort, including new assessments of ocean temperatures during the KM5c interglacial, and recent work assessing orbital-scale climate variability across the late Pliocene-early Pleistocene northern hemisphere ice-sheet growth. We outline our approaches to integrating multi-proxy data recording ocean temperatures, d18O and sea-level variability from a globally distributed suite of marine sediment cores. We explore regional expressions of environmental change across this transition, identifying asynchronous trends and patterns in climate changes. We consider how these results might inform our understanding of past climate forcings and feedbacks during both warm intervals of the past and the development of larger ice sheets in the northern hemisphere.
Published: 2022

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7,019 results on '"Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)"'

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