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Copyright of Revista Andaluza de Medicina del Deporte is the property of Centro Andaluza de Medicina del Deporte and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Gaceta Médica de Caracas is the property of Academia Nacional de Medicina and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In solid and malignant tumors, innate and adaptive immunity are combined in antitumor responses. This study aimed to analyze the activation of plasma cells and the correlation between the infiltration of B and T lymphocytes with the degree of malignancy or Gleason grade in human prostate biopsies diagnosed with cancer. Prostate cancer biopsies were obtained from the Clinical Hospital of Universidad de Chile (n=70), according to the bioethical norms of the institution. Histological sections of 5mm thickness were processed for immunohistochemistry with primary antibodies against BL and total TL (HRP/DAB). Recognition and quantification were performed under a Leica DM750 optical microscope. Microsoft Excel and GraphPad software were used for the statistical study. Correlation coefficient (Pearson) and mean comparison tests (Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn) and p£ 0.05 were developed. B and T lymphocyte populations were inversely interregulated in prostate cancer (Gleason) (r= -0.46). Their relationship with Gleason grade is variable according to lymphocyte type (LB vs. Gleason r= -0.0.47 and LT vs. Gleason r= -0.21). Histological diagnosis of prostate cancer correlates with a predominance of LT. The malignancy of the pathology correlates with a predominance of LTs, according to the Gleason grade. The increased knowledge of B and T lymphocyte infiltration and plasma cell activation could be used to better target clinical trials on treatments based on immune system responses. Immunotherapy could be a new paradigm to apply better antitumor therapy strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introducción: La medicina tradicional podría ser una alternativa segura para potenciar la inmunidad de pacientes inmunocomprometidos propensos a infecciones recurrentes. Objetivo: Evaluar la actividad fagocítica y toxicidad in vivo del extracto acuoso de Schinus molle L. en Mus musculus BALB/c. Material y Métodos: Estudio experimental que utilizó una dosis única de extracto acuoso de hojas de Schinus molle de 2000 mg/kg. La fagocitosis in vivo se determinó en 10 ejemplares de M. musculus BALB/c que cumplieron criterios de inclusión y exclusión, distribuidos aleatoria y equitativamente en los grupos control y experimental. Los especímenes del grupo experimental fueron inoculados vía intraperitoneal con 0,5 ml de suspensión de Staphylococcus aureus y 0,5 ml del extracto acuoso. Los del grupo control con 0,5 ml del mismo inóculo bacteriano y 0,5 ml de solución salina estéril. La toxicidad del extracto se evaluó por el método de las clases de toxicidad aguda en 12 ejemplares de ratones con las mismas características y cumpliendo los mismos criterios aplicados en la evaluación de la fagocitosis in vivo. Resultados: El 57,1 % de los macrófagos expuestos al extracto acuoso de S. molle presentaron importante actividad fagocítica, encontrándose una media de 21 bacterias fagocitadas por macrófago. No se evidenciaron significativamente signos ni síntomas de toxicidad en los especímenes durante los 14 días de experimentación. Conclusiones: El extracto acuoso de S. molle incrementó significativamente la fagocitosis in vivo de los macrófagos peritoneales de M. musculus BALB/c, sin evidencia de clínica de toxicidad y en ausencia de mortalidad.

The autoimmune diseases include many in which the immune system is directed against the host, leading to lifethreatening destruction of organs. The origin of autoimmune disorders can be multifactorial and, there are no specific therapy for these diseases. Primary immunodeficiencies are a group of immune disorders that affect different components of the innate and adaptive responses. Interestingly, patients with primary immunodeficiencies have an increased susceptibility to infectious diseases and non-infectious complications including allergies, malignancies, and autoimmune diseases. The molecular mechanism for development of autoimmunity in immunodeficiencies is unclear. The study of the complex immune regulatory and signaling mechanisms is revealing the relationships between primary immunodeficiency syndromes and autoimmune diseases. Newly, it has been demonstrated that a deficient maturation of immune cells; the deficiency of proteins important for T and B lymphocyte function and impaired signally pathways that include key molecules in regulation and activation of immune cells are associated with the development of autoimmunity in patients with primary immunodeficiencies. The aim of the present work is to review the evidence available to date regarding the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the development of autoimmunity in patients with primary immunodeficiencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Habanera de Ciencias Médicas is the property of Universidad de Ciencias Medicas de La Habana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Pneumonia continues to be one of the most frequent infectious syndromes and a relevant cause of death and health resources utilization. The OPENIN ("Optimización de procesos clínicos para el diagnóstico y tratamiento de infecciones") Group is composed of Infectious Diseases specialists and Microbiologists and aims at generating recommendations that can contribute to improve the approach to processes with high impact on the health system. Such task relies on a critical review of the available scientific evidence. The first Group meeting (held in October 2023) aimed at answering the following questions: Can we optimize the syndromic and microbiological diagnosis of pneumonia? Is it feasible to safely shorten the length of antibiotic therapy? And, is there any role for the immunomodulatory strategies based on the adjuvant use of steroids, macrolides or immunoglobulins? The present review summarizes the literature reviewed for that meeting and offers a series of expert recommendations., (Copyright © 2024 Sociedad Española de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología Clínica. Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

The aim of this article is to report clinical features and therapeutic approach of cicatrizing keratoconjunctivitis secondary to ocular lichen planus based on a case report. The patient is a 77-year-old female with a history of ocular discomfort and recurrent keratoconjunctivitis that did not improve with conservative treatment, as well as a history of oral and nasal aphthous ulcers. After a complete ophthalmologic, dermatologic and anatomopathological study, the diagnosis of ocular lichen planus was established and immunosuppressive treatment was initiated. Most cases of ocular lichen planus are presented as chronic cicatricial conjunctivitis. A correct differential diagnosis, as well as an early detection are essential for the control of this entity and its sequelae. Treatment, based on corticosteroids and immunosuppressants, both topical and systemic, is aimed at controlling inflammation and scarring., (Copyright © 2024 Sociedad Española de Oftalmología. Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

La Ciclofosfamida (Cy) es el agente alquilante más utilizado en el tratamento quimioterápico de diversas neoplasias humanas; habitualmente se la administra em combinación con otros citostáticos para lograr una mayor eficacia terapêutica. La mayoría de los protoeolos clínicos la emplean en dosis altas y suministrada en repetidas ocaciones a lo largo del tratamento antineoplásico, con Ias ya conocidas acciones colaterales, entre ellas la inmunodepresión. Sin embargo, en diferentes modelos experimentales en animales portadores de un tumor, la administración de uma dosis única y relativamente baja en un determinado momento de la respuesta inmune antitumoral, produce inmunopotenciación, a través de una inhibieión selectiva sobre los linfocitos T supresores. Posteriormente se demostró un efecto interesante y novedoso de éstas dosis bajas de Cy: su acción preferencial sobre células tumorales com fenotipo metastásico (probablemente debido a una inmunomodulación selectiva sobre dichas subpoblaciones celulares), ya que se observo una inhibieión total en la formación de Ias metástasis sin afectar el desarrollo dei tumor primário. Estos resultados senalan el efecto bimodal de la Cy sobre el sistema inmune dei huésped cuando se la utiliza en el tratamiento antineoplásico em diferentes dosis y esquemas de administración. La utilización de sustancias naturales denominadas “modificadores de la respuesta biológica”, ha derivado en lo que se conoce como cuarta modalidad terapêutica contra el cáncer. Se propone que la Cy sea considerada también dentro de ese contexto.

Las helmintiasis intestinales son un problema de salud pública en los países tropicales, en especial en los subdesarrollados y en la población de escasos recursos. La infección con estos parásitos origina una respuesta hematológica caracterizada por el aumento de la cantidad de eosinófilos circulantes en sangre periférica y en los tejidos, que se conoce como eosinofilia. En este trabajo se realizó una revisión sistemática de la literatura publicada, en los últimos 25 años sobre la clasificación de la eosinofilia, los helmintos intestinales que la producen, cuáles son los mecanismos inmunológicos que ocurren en el ser humano ante estas parasitosis, así como los mecanismos de evasión del sistema inmunitario utilizados, principalmente, por las formas adultas de éstos parásitos, las reacciones alérgicas asociadas a la activación del sistema inmune, las enfermedades inmunológicas y la pobre respuestas a las vacunas. Por último, se revisa la función del eosinófilo como célula efectora de la inmunidad Th2 contra los helmintos intestinales. Esta revisión está registrada en PROSPERO bajo el número ID 215594

Copyright of Orinoquia is the property of Universidad de los Llanos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

La lesión genera costos físicos, emocionales y económicos, por lo que se han buscado estrategias para acortar al máximo el período de recuperación. Una herramienta infrautilizada es la nutricional. Se presenta una revisión de la literatura científica mediante una búsqueda en 4 bases de datos (Pubmed/MEDLINE, Epistemonikos, Embase y Sportdiscus) sobre la fisiopatología de la lesión muscular y su modulación nutricional. Se describen cambios locales mediados por células y mediadores inflamatorios, y cambios secundarios en la composición corporal. Las intervenciones nutricionales publicadas comprenden el aumento de las proteínas de la dieta y ajuste de carbohidratos acorde a su menor gasto energético. No existen estudios que hayan evaluado directamente el uso de suplementos durante la lesión, pero sí evidencia indirecta, la mayoría favorable, en sarcopenia y recuperación muscular. La intervención nutricional durante la lesión es fundamental para disminuir las consecuencias negativas de la inactividad, la cual debe ser indicada de manera individualizada.

Background: Up to date drug-based treatments for COVID-19 have not been approved. The most effective way to face this public health problem is prevention with adequate nutrition, hygiene, and protection measures. Food has historically been used by people to improve their nutrition and complement the treatment or prevention of diseases. The various bioactive compounds of some foods are known, which in experimental studies demonstrated their antiviral and immunomodulatory action. Objective: To identify bioactive compounds of foods or food preparations with potential immunomodulatory, immunostimulatory, and antiviral effects against coronavirus. Material and Methods: A search was carried out in Google Scholar, Scopus, and Virtual Health Library on Traditional Complementary and Integrative Medicine using the terms food, immunomodulatory, immunostimulatory, and antiviral in four successive searches. Results: 93 articles were obtained, and further evidence of antiviral and immunological effect against coronavirus was identified on nine foods: Allium sativum, Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Citrus sinensis, Zingiber officinale, Vitis vinifera, Allium cepa, Curcuma longa, Punica granatum, and Sambucus nigra. The first four of them showed activity against SARS-CoV-2. Conclusions: The immunological and antiviral effect against coronavirus of nine foods was evidenced; however, they are in silico and in vitro studies, therefore it is required further preclinical and clinical research to confirm this. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Surgical stress predisposes patients to have immune dysfunction and an increased risk of infection. Malnourished surgical patients have higher postoperative morbidity and mortality rates, higher readmission rates, and higher hospital costs. The use of an immunomodulatory formula is associated in the ESPEN guidelines with a reduction in wound healing problems, suture failure, and infectious and global complications. Several authors have suggested that, since most clinical trials evaluating the efficacy of immunonutrition have been carried out in a traditional perioperative setting, it would be interesting to investigate its efficacy in a more controlled setting, such as in the ERAS (Enhanced Recovery after Surgery) protocol. The objective of this work was: a) to define the role that immunonutrition should play in ERAS protocols based on the best scientific evidence available; b) to analyze the difficulties that continue to exist in real-life clinical practice to screen the nutritional risk of patients; c) to make a proposal of algorithms adapted to the characteristics of our environment regarding the screening, assessment, and nutritional treatment of surgical patients in fast-track surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Skin reactions secondary to tattoos are relatively frequent and have a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations. The most common complication is the lichenoid reaction, whose treatment in a number of times ends up being discouraging. Currently, there is scientific evidence that suggests the use of subcutaneous low molecular weight heparins in the treatment of lichen planus, but there are no reports in which heparin derivatives have been used topically in lichenoid reactions. CASE REPORT: A 32-year-old male with 6 months history of pruritic lesions on a black ink tattoo made 18 months ago. A skin biopsy was performed confirming a lichenoid reaction. Topical heparinoid was administered with good results. CONCLUSION: Administration of topical heparinoid may be one more alternative in the treatment of lichenoid reaction secondary to tattoos. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Generar las recomendaciones para la atención de pacientes con enfermedades reumáticas que reciben terapias inmunomoduladoras e inmunosupresoras (fármacos convencionales, biológicos y moléculas pequeñas) durante la pandemia por COVID-19. Las recomendaciones se realizaron utilizando el método Delphi como herramienta de acuerdo. Se conformó un panel de expertos con trayectoria académica y experiencia en investigación en reumatología. Se realizó la búsqueda de la literatura y se generó el cuestionario del ejercicio Delphi conformado por 42 preguntas. El grado de acuerdo se logró con el 80% de aprobación de los participantes. Se conformó un grupo de 11 reumatólogos de 7 ciudades del país. La tasa de respuesta fue del 100% para las 3 rondas de consulta. En la primera ronda se logró acuerdo en 35 preguntas, en la segunda ronda 37 y en la tercera ronda se logró el acuerdo de las 42 preguntas. La recomendación para la mayoría de los tratamientos inmunomoduladores utilizados en reumatología es continuar con las terapias en pacientes que no tengan la infección y suspenderlas en aquellos con diagnóstico de SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19. To produce recommendations for patients with rheumatological diseases receiving immunomodulatory and immunosuppressive therapies (conventional drugs, biologicals, and small molecules) during the COVID-19 pandemic. The recommendations were determined using the Delphi method as an agreement tool. A panel of experts was formed, with academic backgrounds and research experience in rheumatology. A literature search was conducted and 42 questions were generated. The level of agreement was made with 80% of approval by the participants. A group of eleven rheumatologists from 7 cities in the country participated. The response rate was 100% for the three consultation rounds. In the first round, agreement was reached on 35 questions, on 37 in the second round, and on 42 questions in the third round. The recommendation for the majority of the pharmacological treatments used in rheumatology is to continue with immunomodulatory or immunosuppressive therapies in patients who do not have the infection, and to suspend it in patients with a diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introducción La frecuencia de las enfermedades alérgicas y otras enfermedades crónicas no infecciosas ha aumentado durante los últimos años en la mayoría de los países donde se tienen registros epidemiológicos y varias de ellas se han convertido en problemas de salud pública. Estos procesos tienen un componente inmunológico importante y para explicar su incremento se han propuesto varias hipótesis, algunas relacionadas con los cambios ambientales derivados del desarrollo económico y los avances de la medicina y salud pública y sus repercusiones sobre la maduración y la homeostasis del sistema inmunológico. Los enfoques, investigaciones, publicaciones e informes sobre este problema pueden servir de ejemplo para valorar las relaciones entre la comunidad científica y los gobiernos y en particular entre los investigadores colombianos y las entidades gubernamentales de salud pública.

Cells release several biomolecules to the extracellular environment using them as a communication alternative with neighbor cells. Besides these molecules, cells also release more complex elements, like vesicles; structures composed of a lipidic bilayer with transmembrane proteins that protect a hydrophilic content. Exosomes are a small subtype of vesicles (30-150 nm), produced by many cell types, such as tumor cells, neurons, epithelial cells and immune cells. Included in this last group, antigen presenting cells produce exosomes that contain different types of molecules depending on their activation and/or maturation state. In recent years there has been an exponential interest in exosomes due to the recent evidences that show the immunomodulatory properties of these vesicles and therefore, their great potential in diagnostic approaches and development of therapies for different inflammation-associated pathologies.

Actualmente, la infección por el virus de dengue (DENV) es uno de los problemas más importantes de salud pública en países tropicales y endémicos como Colombia, pues en tanto puede ser producida por cuatro diferentes serotipos virales, durante las infecciones secundarias se presentan frecuentemente cuadros más severos que incluso pueden llevar a desenlaces fatales. El centro de la fisiopatología del dengue grave es el daño producido al endotelio, que se traduce en un aumento en la permeabilidad vascular que se evidencia como fuga plasmática, descontrol en la coagulación y daño de órganos. Aunque hay varias teorías que explican la enfermedad severa, el fenómeno denominado amplificación de la infección dependiente de anticuerpos (antibody dependent enhancement, ADE) es el más conocido. En este, se postula que el virus causante de una infección secundaria es reconocido, pero no neutralizado, por anticuerpos generados en la infección previa e internalizado en las células susceptibles usando receptores Fc-gamma, lo cual aumenta la replicación viral e induce modificaciones en la respuesta inmune celular que contribuyen al desarrollo de dengue grave. En este escrito, se realiza una revisión de los hallazgos sobre los mecanismos involucrados en el fenómeno de ADE y cómo pueden contribuir a la progresión hacia dengue grave, describiendo los conceptos de ADE extrínseco e intrínseco, además de como este fenómeno debe ser tenido en cuenta para el diseño, desarrollo e implementación de una vacuna para dengue, en tanto es capaz de afectar su eficacia y seguridad.

Dengue virus infection is the most important vector transmitted disease in tropical countries such as Colombia, where all the four dengue virus serotypes are circulating and are involved in successive secondary infections which induce severe or even fatal cases. The central key to understanding the severe dengue cases is the endothelial function damage which appears as plasma leakage, coagulation impairment, and organ compromise. Severe dengue could be explained by different theories, among them the antibodydependent enhancement (ADE) phenomenon is the best known. This theory postulates that the second heterotypic virus causing a secondary infection is recognized by antibodies raised during the first infection but are ineffective to neutralize the virus. Instead this virus-antibody complex is internalized by Fc-gamma receptor-bearing cells increasing the viral replication and inducing an aberrant immune response that contributes to severe dengue presentation. This manuscript is aimed to review the evidence about the ADE phenomenon and its involvement in the severe evolution of dengue cases. Here, it will be described the extrinsic and intrinsic ADE concepts and how these phenomena must be considered to the design, development, and implementation of a dengue vaccine because the evidence indicates that ADE affects both efficacy and safety of vaccine prototypes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Leprosy is a chronic granulomatous infection that affects skin and peripheral nerves. Its prevalence has declined, but is still observed mainly in poor rural areas. Case report: A male city dweller with photophobia and chronic dermatosis in the face: nodular and erythematous lesions, pustules, keratitis and entropion, partial eyebrows loss, and edema on eyelids, chin, and nose bridge. The rest of the body had no lesion or lymphadenopathy. Biopsy revealed Langhans giant cell proliferation in the superficial dermis without epidermal atrophy. BAAR staining for detection were positive, no Virschow cells were observed, and Fite-Franco staining (leprosy-specific) was negative. Cutaneous tuberculosis was diagnosed. Rifampicin/isoniazid/pyrazinamide and dialysate leukocyte extract were prescribed. A month later, the swelling had decreased significantly. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test was positive for Mycobacterium leprae. Flow cytometry showed CD4 count normalization. Long-term treatment with rifampicin, clofazimine, and dapsone was established. Conclusions: The host’s immune response determines the clinical features of the disease: if response is bad there will be vacuolated macrophages filled with bacilli (lepromatous leprosy). Clinical and histopathological findings help typing.

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a molecule that is profusely found on the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria and is also a potent stimulator of the immune response. As the main molecule on the bacterial surface, is also the most biologically active. The immune response of the host is activated by the recognition of LPS through Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and this receptor-ligand interaction is closely linked to LPS structure. Microorganisms have evolved systems to control the expression and structure of LPS, producing structural variants that are used for modulating the host immune responses during infection. Examples of this include Helicobacter pylori, Francisella tularensis, Chlamydia trachomatis and Salmonella spp. High concentrations of LPS can cause fever, increased heart rate and lead to septic shock and death. However, at relatively low concentrations some LPS are highly active immunomodulators, which can induce non-specific resistance to invading microorganisms. The elucidation of the molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in the recognition of LPS and its structural variants has been fundamental to understand inflammation and is currently a pivotal field of research to understand the innate immune response, inflammation, the complex host-pathogen relationship and has important implications for the rational development of new immunomodulators and adjuvants.

La inmunonutrición enteral en el paciente con cáncer gástrico puede tener efectos benéficos sobre los resultados clínicos en el postoperatorio.

Las células madre mesenquimales (CMM) son un tipo de células pluripotentes, en forma de huso, con la capacidad de diferenciarse en condrocitos, osteocitos y adipocitos, entre otros. Estas células pueden ser obtenidas a partir de la médula ósea, el tejido adiposo o la sangre de cordón umbilical, lo que ha permitido estudiar sus propiedades estructurales y funcionales. Aun cuando la médula ósea ha sido la principal fuente de las CMM, se ha encontrado que existen aspectos que dificultan su uso, entre ellos una limitada tasa de crecimiento, la variación en la capacidad de diferenciación de acuerdo con la edad del donante y el riesgo del procedimiento para la toma de la muestra. Por ello, los estudios en el tejido adiposo y la sangre de cordón umbilical han aumentado, así como también de los métodos actualmente empleados para la extracción de CMM en todas las fuentes. En la actualidad, se conoce que estas células presentan una gran capacidad inmunomoduladora, por lo que ha generado diversos estudios preclínicos y clínicos para su posible uso como tratamiento en personas con enfermedades autoinmunes y la enfermedad de injerto contra huésped en pacientes trasplantados.

La lesión de la médula espinal ( lme ) es un fenómeno que daña al sistema nervioso central ( snc ), y produce la pérdida de la actividad fisiológica por debajo del sitio de la lesión. Actualmente no existe algún tratamiento efectivo para la lme en el campo clínico. El papel del sistema inmune a través de la autorreactividad protectora ( ap ) —un fenómeno fisiológico desa - rrollado después de la lme — puede ser de gran importancia para inducir neuroprotección. La ap puede estimularse con el uso de péptidos neurales modificados ( pnm ) procedentes de componentes neurales como la proteína básica de la mielina. El presente artículo pretende dar una visión general de esta estrategia terapéutica innovadora que ofrece efectos bené - ficos y un futuro muy alentador. Se revisará el fundamento, los mecanismos y los hallazgos preclínicos más importantes utilizando el pnm a 91. Finalmente, se comentarán los obstáculos a vencer para su aplicación clínica.

Copyright of Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte is the property of Redprint Editora Ltda. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of CES Odontología is the property of Universidad CES and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Alfalfa, Medicago sativa L, is a highly organic legume, easy to grow and commercialize. In Peru, it is cultivated as fodder for animals. Objectives: To determine the effect of alfalfa extract consumption on the white blood cell count in albino mouse. Methods: Experimental study. carried out in Bioterio of the Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica of Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Twenty albino mice of the balb / c strain, male, of average weight 23.2 ± 32.8 g were used. Two groups were formed: experimental and control, each of ten mice. The experimental group was administered, orally by cannulation alfalfa extract, in a dose of 250 mg / kg, volume of 2 ml, and the control group, also, orally by cannulation, placebo, volume of 2 ml, every five hours, for a week, alternating with standard nutrients. Leukocyte count was performed. Results: Within the conditioning period, there was a slight increase in leukocytes mean of the control group (3940 ± 1549.3) compared to the experimental group (3840 ± 1468.3), whose difference was not significant. After administering the extract of Medicago sativa L to the experimental group, alternating with their respective nutrients, a significant difference was observed between the mean (7800 ± 2885.2) and the control group (3930 ± 1518.1) (p <0.05). Conclusions: Under experimental conditions, the consumption of Medicago sativa extract significantly increased the number of leukocytes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Immunoglobulins are heterodimeric proteins composed of 2 heavy chains and 2 light chains. Human immunoglobulin G (IgG) is a plasma derivative and contains more than 95% of IgG. The composition of IgG subclasses is similar to that of normal human plasma. Immunoglobulin therapy was first introduced more than 50 years ago, and its use has been described in numerous diseases. In Colombia, the importance of this immunomodulatory resource prompted the need for clinical practice guidelines to be available for its use. For this reason, a multidisciplinary group of experts was brought together and distributed in working groups, by specialties, in order to develop an initial manuscript. Systematic literature searches were undertaken; identified evidences were evaluated and classified to support a preliminary draft that was discussed, analyzed and amended. Recommendations were issued on the use of intravenous immunoglobulin in pathologies that include primary and secondary immunodeficiencies, autoimmune diseases, neurological disorders, infections, transplants and miscellaneous conditions; grades were assigned to each one of them according to the GRADE system. The final result translated into recommendations that are put forth with the purpose to inform, guide and support on optimal use of this immunomodulatory resource.

We present to the general practitioners and specialists of Latin America and the Caribbean, the Colombian Guide to Clinical Practice for the use of immunoglobulins in replacement therapy and immunomodulation, as a useful tool for the application of immunoglobulins in different pathologies as a biological substrate has proven indication.

Introducción: La betarraga es una planta oriunda del Mediterráneo utilizada para fines alimenticios y medicinales. Contiene flavonoides. Objetivos: Determinar la influencia del consumo del extracto de Beta vulgaris var. cruenta en el incremento de leucocitos, en el ratón albino. Diseño: Estudio experimental. Lugar: Bioterio de la Institución Educativa 1182. Material biológico: Veinte ratones albinos de la cepa balb/c, machos, de peso promedio 24 g. Intervenciones: Se formó dos grupos, experimental y control, cada uno de diez ratones. Al grupo experimental se le administró vía oral extracto de Beta vulgaris var. cruenta en dosis de 250 mg/kg, volumen de 2 mL, cada cinco horas durante una semana, alternando con nutrientes, y al grupo control solo se le administró nutrientes. Principales medidas de resultados: Recuento de leucocitos. Resultados: Dentro del periodo de acondicionamiento, se observó un ligero incremento en la media de leucocitos del grupo control (3 681 ± 431,1) frente al grupo experimental (3 579 ± 473,5), cuya diferencia no fue significativa. Luego de administrar al grupo experimental el extracto de Beta vulgaris var. cruenta, alternando con sus nutrientes respectivos, se observó diferencia significativa de la media (7 961 ± 275,4) frente al grupo control (3 693 ± 414,7) (t student p

Immunoglobulins are heterodimeric proteins composed of 2 heavy chains and 2 light chains. Human immunoglobulin G (IgG) is a plasma derivative and contains more than 95% of IgG. The composition of IgG subclasses is similar to that of normal human plasma. Immunoglobulin therapy was first introduced more than 50 years ago, and its use has been described in numerous diseases. In Colombia, the importance of this immunomodulatory resource prompted the need for clinical practice guidelines to be available for its use. For this reason, a multidisciplinary group of experts was brought together and distributed in working groups, by specialties, in order to develop an initial manuscript. Systematic literature searches were undertaken; identified evidences were evaluated and classified to support a preliminary draft that was discussed, analyzed and amended. Recommendations were issued on the use of intravenous immunoglobulin in pathologies that include primary and secondary immunodeficiencies, autoimmune diseases, neurological disorders, infections, transplants and miscellaneous conditions; grades were assigned to each one of them according to the GRADE system. The final result translated into recommendations that are put forth with the purpose to inform, guide and support on optimal use of this immunomodulatory resource. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cells release several biomolecules to the extracellular environment using them as a communication alternative with neighbor cells. Besides these molecules, cells also release more complex elements, like vesicles; structures composed of a lipidic bilayer with transmembrane proteins that protect a hydrophilic content. Exosomes are a small subtype of vesicles (30-150 nm), produced by many cell types, such as tumor cells, neurons, epithelial cells and immune cells. Included in this last group, antigen presenting cells produce exosomes that contain different types of molecules depending on their activation and/or maturation state. In recent years there has been an exponential interest in exosomes due to the recent evidences that show the immunomodulatory properties of these vesicles and therefore, their great potential in diagnostic approaches and development of therapies for different inflammation-associated pathologies. Las células liberan biomoléculas de diversa naturaleza a su entorno para comunicarse con las células vecinas. Además de dichas moléculas, secretan también elementos más complejos como las vesículas; estructuras compuestas por bicapas lipídicas con proteínas transmembranales que encierran un contenido hidrofílico. Los exosomas son un subtipo pequeño de estas vesículas (de 30 a 150 nm), producidos por una amplia variedad de tipos celulares incluyendo las neuronas, células tumorales, células epiteliales y células del sistema inmunológico. De entre estas últimas, las células presentadoras de antígeno se han caracterizado como productoras de exosomas con contenido variable, tanto en condiciones de reposo como en aquellas que derivan de su estimulación o maduración. En los últimos años, el estudio de los exosomas ha aumentado debido a que se ha demostrado que dichas vesículas poseen propiedades inmunomoduladoras, razón por la que ostentan un gran potencial en aplicaciones de diagnóstico y desarrollo de terapias en diferentes patologías con componentes inflamatorios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Immunoglobulins are heterodimeric proteins composed of 2 heavy chains and 2 light chains. Human immunoglobulin G (IgG) is a plasma derivative and contains more than 95% of IgG. The composition of IgG subclasses is similar to that of normal human plasma. Immunoglobulin therapy was first introduced more than 50 years ago, and its use has been described in numerous diseases. In Colombia, the importance of this immunomodulatory resource prompted the need for clinical practice guidelines to be available for its use. For this reason, a multidisciplinary group of experts was brought together and distributed in working groups, by specialties, in order to develop an initial manuscript. Systematic literature searches were undertaken; identified evidences were evaluated and classified to support a preliminary draft that was discussed, analyzed and amended. Recommendations were issued on the use of intravenous immunoglobulin in pathologies that include primary and secondary immunodeficiencies, autoimmune diseases, neurological disorders, infections, transplants and miscellaneous conditions; grades were assigned to each one of them according to the GRADE system. The final result translated into recommendations that are put forth with the purpose to inform, guide and support on optimal use of this immunomodulatory resource. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]