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Research about effective benefits realization from Web 2.0 investments in (inter-)enterprise contexts has not yet reached full maturity. Drawing from established IS management theory and our own case research, we argue that some organizations are developing a specific approach to governing such enterprise 2.0 initiatives. Enterprise 2.0 initiatives are often connected to lofty strategic objectives, for example, open innovation and collective creativity. Attempting to realize these with inherently social Web 2.0 technologies, means allowing for emergent meaning attribution by the users.Four governance principles illustrate how enterprise 2.0 governance can favor a bottom-up and emergent approach to empowerment, processes, collaboration, and people and culture; rather than adhering to a command and control view on technology adoption.

Information Systems (IS) publications that use interviews for data generation tend to provide very little insight into the research process and very few rely on a carefully chosen and well-articulated interviewing method. Given the wide variety of interviewing approaches available to qualitative researchers, it seems that the IS discipline is lagging behind and can easily enhance its methodological sophistication. In this paper, we address this opportunity by (i) highlighting the potential of interviewing as a means of generating data that provides insight into people's experiential life; (ii) discussing the various epistemological stances that can be taken to interviewing; (iii) introducing and illustrating three interviewing methods (i.e., appreciative, laddering and photo-diary interviewing); and (iv) juxtaposing these methods to identify the conditions under which they are most effective.

The types of police inquiries performed these days are incredibly diverse. Often data processing architectures are not suited to cope with this diversity since most of the case data is still stored as unstructured text. In this paper Formal Concept Analysis (FCA) is showcased for its exploratory data analysis capabilities in discovering domestic violence intelligence from a dataset of unstructured police reports filed with the regional police Amsterdam-Amstelland in the Netherlands. From this data analysis it is shown that FCA can be a powerful instrument to operationally improve policing practice. For one, it is shown that the definition of domestic violence employed by the police is not always as clear as it should be, making it hard to use it effectively for classification purposes. In addition, this paper presents newly discovered knowledge for automatically classifying certain cases as either domestic or non-domestic violence is. Moreover, it provides practical advice for detecting incorrect classifications performed by police officers. A final aspect to be discussed is the problems encountered because of the sometimes unstructured way of working of police officers. The added value of this paper resides in both using FCA for exploratory data analysis, as well as with the application of FCA for the detection of domestic violence. ispartof: Expert Systems with Applications vol:38 issue:4 pages:3116-3130 status: published

In this paper we compare the usability of ESOM and MDS as text exploration instruments in police investigations. We combine them with traditional classification instruments such as the SVM and Naïve Bayes. We perform a case of real-life data mining using a dataset consisting of police reports describing a wide range of violent incidents that occurred during the year 2007 in the Amsterdam-Amstelland police region (The Netherlands). We compare the possibilities offered by the ESOM and MDS for iteratively enriching our feature set, discovering confusing situations, faulty case labelings and significantly improving the classification accuracy. The results of our research are currently operational in the Amsterdam-Amstelland police region for upgrading the employed domestic violence definition, for improving the training of police officers and for developing a highly accurate and comprehensible case triage model.

The tension between competition and collaboration in teams raises a question how to balance between these two different strategies to enhance the performance of teams. It has been established that both competition and collaboration have a positive impact on team performance. However, given that measures that enhance competition tend to jeopardise collaboration and vice versa, it remains unclear how to balance the two in order to attain an optimal impact on performance. Building on quantitative data from 176 IT projects in Motorola and its affiliates, we analysed the influence of intra-team collaboration and competition on project performance. The results suggest a strong and broad positive influence of intra-team collaboration on project performance; but only a limited influence of intra-team competition. Subsequently, we discuss further implications to forming and managing effective teamwork in IT projects and potentially in other functional areas.

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to present an analysis of the role of entrepreneurship in promoting China's technological progress and efficiency improvement during the economic reform process of the past two decades. The paper contributes to our understanding of the drivers of economic growth in China during the economic reforms period through the study of technology development and efficiency of resource allocation. Design/methodology/approach - The paper uses Malmquist productivity index and panel data cointegration covering 30 regions in China for the period 1992-2007, to test the effect of entrepreneurship on Chinese technological progress and resource allocation efficiency. Findings - The analysis shows that the rate of entrepreneurship in China improves the level of technological progress and efficiency of resource allocation significantly. The increased level of entrepreneurship in Beijing, Shanghai, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Shandong, Guangdong and other developed areas is positively related to the increased level of technological development and resource allocation, whereas this was not identified in areas that are less developed. Furthermore, the analysis suggests that business level has promoted the level of technological progress in these areas. Originality/value - The paper provides valuable insight into the role and contribution of entrepreneurship's in China's economic growth.

The article discusses the use of the sustainable value perspective in the development of a framework that extends the green information technology/information science (IT/IS) discourse beyond ecological considerations to include social, environmental and economic value as worth and value as norms. An analysis of the path-dependent nature and the sociomateriality of sustainable value creation in the automotive industry is presented. It is also suggested that sustainable value creation necessitates a concerted effort among all stakeholders to reshape existing norms and values, to create new standards, and to reshape work systems for diffusing sustainable technologies.

In this article, we introduce a framework that can be used by organizations as a positioning instrument to think of business-ICT alignment decisions in light of the strategic importance of ICT (Information and Communication Technology) in their organization. We make a distinction between organizations where ICT is of high strategic importance and those where ICT is of low strategic importance. Based on this difference we argue that heavily investing in business-ICT alignment processes, structures and roles (PSRs) will not necessarily always be beneficial when ICT is of low strategic importance to the business. Furthermore, organizations that have a minimalist approach to the use of ICT do not necessarily need to invest in business-ICT alignment PSRs. We explain the dynamics and possible migration scenarios of our proposed framework after testing the statistical significance of the relationship between the strategic importance of ICT and the investment in business-ICT alignment. We end this article with a short empirical study which combines survey and case study results. Both the framework and framework dynamics still need further empirical validation, preferably with longitudinal data. Therefore, we stress and acknowledge that many of the discussions in this article are still explorative in nature. However, this article illustrates the possibilities and the need for a more fine-grained approach to business-ICT alignment.

We inferred business rules for business/ICT alignment by applying a novel rule induction algorithm on a data set containing rich alignment information polled from 641 organisations in 7 European countries. The alignment rule set was created using AntMiner+, a rule induction technique with a reputation of inducing accurate, comprehensible, and intuitive predictive models from data. Our data set consisted of 18 alignment practices distilled from an analysis of relevant publications and validated by a Delphi panel of experts. The goal of our study was to describe practical guidelines for managers in obtaining better alignment of ICT investments with business requirements. Our obtained rule set showed the multi-disciplinary nature of B/ICT alignment. We discuss implication of the alignment rules for practitioners. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

The role and potential contribution of a positive lens to the design of systems and organizations is the focus of this introductory essay. The positive lens refers to a perspective in the social sciences that emphasizes the capacity of people and organizations to construct better work environments, customer experiences and socio-technical systems through a positive discourse. Joining a positive lens on organizing with the transformative power of design thinking opens new horizons and uncovers previously overlooked possibilities for creating organizational and social well-being. This volume aims to introduce design with a positive lens into the research on information systems and organizations and to explore its potential value.

Information systems (IS) research has been long concerned with improving task-related performance. The concept of fit is often used to explain how system design can improve performance and overall value. So far, the literature has focused mainly on performance evaluation criteria that are based on measures of task efficiency, accuracy, or productivity. However, nowadays, productivity gain is no longer the single evaluation criterion. In many instances, computer systems are expected to enhance our creativity, reveal opportunities and open new vistas of uncharted frontiers.To address this void, we introduce the concept of generativity in the context of IS design and develop two corresponding design considerations -'generative capacity' that refers to one's ability to produce something ingenious or at least new in a particular context, and 'generative fit' that refers to the extent to which an IT artefact is conducive to evoking and enhancing that generative capacity. We offer an extended view of the concept of fit and realign the prevailing approaches to human-computer interaction design with current leading-edge applications and users' expectations. Our findings guide systems designers who aim to enhance creative work, unstructured syntheses, serendipitous discoveries, and any other form of computer-aided tasks that involve unexplored outcomes or aim to enhance our ability to go boldly where no one has gone before.In this paper, we explore the underpinnings of 'generative capacity' and argue that it should be included in the evaluation of task-related performance. Then, we briefly explore the role of fit in IS research, position 'generative fit' in that context, explain its role and impact on performance, and provide key design considerations that enhance generative fit. Finally, we demonstrate our thesis with an illustrative vignette of good generative fit, and conclude with ideas for further research.

Topographic maps are an appealing exploratory instrument for discovering new knowledge from databases. During the past years, new types of Self Organizing Maps (SOM) were introduced in the literature, including the recent Emergent SOM. The ESOM tool is used here to analyze a large set of police reports describing a wide range of violent incidents that occurred during the year 2007 in the Amsterdam-Amstelland police region (the Netherlands). This article aims to demonstrate that the ESOM tool provides a valuable exploratory instrument for examining unstructured text in police reports. First, it is shown how ESOM was used to discover a range of new features that better distinguish domestic from non-domestic violence cases. Second, it is demonstrated how this resulted in a significant improvement in classification accuracy. Third, the ESOM tool facilitates an in-depth investigation of the nature and scope of domestic violence, which is particularly useful for the domain expert. Interestingly, it was discovered that the definition of domestic violence employed by the management was much broader than the definition employed by police officers. Fourth, the ESOM tool enables an accurate and automated assignment of either a domestic or a non-domestic violence label to unclassified cases. Finally, ESOM is a highly accurate and comprehensible case triage model for detecting and retrieving wrongly classified cases.

Successful E-Business is based on seamless collaborative business processes. Each partner in the collaboration specifies its own rules and interaction preconditions. The verification of the compatibility of collaborative business processes, based on local and global views, is a complex task, which is critical for the success of the cooperation. The verification of process compatibility should be a key element in the design of new business alliances, which makes this verification essential in inter-organizational business process design. The advent of Web Services and Service Oriented Architectures stresses the need to solve complex business cooperations under the pressure of reduced costs and risks, combined with shorter time to market, At the same time, the message-based paradigm results in large and complex processes which makes the verification process quite hard. First the use of an atomic business activity based interaction paradigm is proposed to reduce the complexity of collaborative process models. Next, formal compatibility criteria for business processes are developed. The key construction is the notion of semantic compatibility, which can be used to assess the compatibility of the publicly exposed behavior (a.k.a. business interfaces) between business partners in joint business processes. The formal nature of this compatibility allows to give a precise indication of the degree of compatibility between cooperating business partners. it enables exhaustive lists of incompatible (i.e. unsupported scenarios) business cooperations, which is more comprehensive and complete than the typical compatible or incompatible answer to this question. Finally, complex multiple party interactions can be examined in terms of the safety of the interaction protocols. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Transformative expectations of modern information and communication technologies (ICTs) often do not agree with the reality of their appropriation in context. To investigate the divergence between discourse and praxis of ICTs, I performed an ethnographic study in a large Dutch IT firm where I followed a change project that was aimed at improving the organization's learning capabilities through the concept of virtual community. The research findings illustrate how the virtual community created to serve as an experiential learning exercise is appropriated instead as an arena for the manufacturing and display of status and as a reassurance of belonging.

In this paper, we discuss the results of a pilot study in which we use a novel approach to collect entrepreneur online social network data from LinkedIn, Facebook and Twitter. We studied the size and structure of entrepreneur social networks by analysing the online network industry and location diversity. Our findings suggest that entrepreneurs use multiple online social networks that form their network-of-networks (NoN). We examined the entrepreneurs' network size and diversity to gauge their impact on performance in terms of survival. Our findings suggest that the entrepreneurs' LinkedIn network size has a positive relationship with entrepreneurial survival. However, the size of the entrepreneurs' Facebook network is not related to their survival and the size of entrepreneurs' Twitter network has a negative relationship with performance. We visualised the entrepreneurs' LinkedIn network using industry diversity. Finally, we reflect on the implications for future research to uncover the structure of entrepreneur online social networks.

What are the technologies that will transform business and drive the research agenda for the IS field in the years to come? Which innovations, platforms, and paradigms will become dominant, and which others will ultimately pass into obscurity? Thoughts on these questions are provided by those with a unique and unmatched perspective. The leaders who have witnessed the birth and development of the IS field during the past forty to fifty years draw on their experiences and their deep knowledge of the field to identify the characteristics of technologies that have changed business in the past. They also explain how and why today‘s innovations will change both research and practice going forward. Their insights have the potential to identify topics for researchers to examine now and in the years to come.

Part 6: Research in Progress and Practice; International audience; Sustainable innovation is about creating social, environmental, and economic value for all stakeholders involved. The sustainable innovation lens offers an extension of the prevailing discourse on Green IT/IS and renders a three-fold approach that encompasses social, environmental and economic dimensions of sustainability. Moreover, sustainable innovation entails a proactive approach that focuses on developing creative solutions to environmental and social challenges rather than merely on reducing the IT footprint by waste management and regulation compliance. Building on a longitudinal analysis of sustainable innovation in the automotive industry, we gained a number of relevant insights that can be applied to the information technology domain. First, our results illustrate that a sustainable innovation approach can serve as a source of creativity and innovation that enables firms to aim for generating bigger wins for businesses, the environment, and society overall. Second, our results suggest that sustainable innovation requires a concerted effort of all stakeholders to reshape existing norms and values, formulate new standards, and reconfigure work systems vis-à-vis the social and environmental vistas of sustainable value. Building on our study, we provide further recommendations for IT research and practice.

This paper outlines a research in progress set to study network effects in social media. The focus is on outlining the theoretical framework in which this study is embedded. The concepts of cumulative network effects and segmentive network effects are introduced to explain the processes by which social media can generate and maintain both a larger network of members (an online city) and a more personalized space within that larger network (an online neighborhood). Taking an actor network approach, it is theorized that cumulative and segmentive network effects are generated by unique assemblages of humans and objects engaged in meaningful epistemic relationships. This study contributes to theory by considering how the two network effects can be simultaneously fostered on the same platform and by taking technology into account as an active actor in online human activities.

Research on information systems (IS) adoption and acceptance has frequently relied upon self-reported measures of system usefulness. In this study, we compare self-reported with computer-monitored measures of usefulness. In a series of group experiments, participants were asked to assess the usefulness of three applications—two Generativity Support applications and one Baseline application that served as a benchmark. With no exceptions, self-reported usefulness was consistently lower than computer-monitored usefulness. Although the two Generativity Support applications provided a significant added value to enhancing group performance—as demonstrated by computer-monitored measures of usefulness—groups rated these applications as less useful than the Baseline application. We explain this paradox using the Technological Frames theory to argue that the Baseline application was rated as more useful because it fitted better with the users’ existing technological frames. The Generativity Support applications, however, violated users’ existing technological frames and therefore were rated as less useful, despite their positive effect on group performance. These results demonstrate how anchoring can lead to misperception of usefulness that in turn may hinder the diffusion of innovation in spite of its technological advantage. Furthermore, our findings suggest that research on IS acceptance should adopt multiple measures of usefulness simultaneously and use self-reported measures with caution, in particular when evaluating new, unfamiliar systems.

In this study we untangle the sociomaterial interactions between developers, users, and artifacts by analyzing what types of affordances occur in the interactions between actors and artifacts in the context of group generativity. Hereto, we conducted an in-depth ethnographic and interaction analysis of video data of the interactions of groups of people with each other and with a set of self-developed applications for supporting generative activities. On the basis of our findings, we propose a typology of affordances. Given that affordances are by definition sociomaterial, studying affordances helps us to provide empirical insights into sociomateriality. Furthermore, this typology of affordances enables us to empirically analyze the role of materiality as well as to theoretically explain how materiality affects the way people act and interact with each other and artifacts. Finally, important theoretical and methodological implications for the literature on sociomateriality are discussed.

De kwaliteit van conceptuele modellen is erg belangrijk voor de ontwikkeling van informatiesystemen. Met FCA (Formele Concept Analyse) kan op een formele, iteratieve manier aan requirementsanalyse worden gedaan. Deze aanpak maakt gebruik van diagrammen om de kwaliteit van conceptuele modellen te onderzoeken en gericht te verheteren. De diagrammen zijn erg toegankelijk voor zowel businessexperts als software-engineers.

The attention for experiences as economic offerings has increased enormously in the last decade. However, the lack of a clear definition of experience and the bias towards the organization’s perspective in the discourse cause much confusion. In this study experience is taken back to its basis: the encounter between an individual and his or her environment. Different concepts, effects and values of experience are defined to construct a more integrative discourse for the experience economy from the individual’s perspective. To reap the benefits that the experience economy offers, the role of organizations has to change from a directing and controlling one to a more supporting and facilitating one. A true recognition of the co-creation that takes place in experiences shows how much latent potential for creating value there is yet to discover.

Concept Relation Discovery and Innovation Enabling Technology (CORDIET), is a toolbox for gaining new knowledge from unstructured text data. At the core of CORDIET is the C-K theory which captures the essential elements of innovation. The tool uses Formal Concept Analysis (FCA), Emergent Self Organizing Maps (ESOM) and Hidden Markov Models (HMM) as main artifacts in the analysis process. The user can define temporal, text mining and compound attributes. The text mining attributes are used to analyze the unstructured text in documents, the temporal attributes use these document’s timestamps for analysis. The compound attributes are XML rules based on text mining and temporal attributes. The user can cluster objects with object-cluster rules and can chop the data in pieces with segmentation rules. The artifacts are optimized for efficient data analysis; object labels in the FCA lattice and ESOM map contain an URL on which the user can click to open the selected document.

Information governance as an approach to better govern the use of information within and outside an organization is rapidly gaining popularity. A common and scientific ground for this approach has not yet been formulated. In this article the authors describe a definition for information governance, extending the common, one-dimensional approach into a more generic statement. Starting from the well-known principles of IT governance the authors further explore the aspects of both information and governance. Four hypotheses are proposed to give ground to the use of information governance. These hypotheses will be the basis for further research.

Formal Concept Analysis (FCA) is an unsupervised clustering technique and many scientific papers are devoted to applying FCA in Information Retrieval (IR) research. We collected 103 papers published between 2003-2009 which mention FCA and information retrieval in the abstract, title or keywords. Using a prototype of our FCA-based toolset CORDIET, we converted the pdf-files containing the papers to plain text, indexed them with Lucene using a thesaurus containing terms related to FCA research and then created the concept lattice shown in this paper. We visualized, analyzed and explored the literature with concept lattices and discovered multiple interesting research streams in IR of which we give an extensive overview. The core contributions of this paper are the innovative application of FCA to the text mining of scientific papers and the survey of the FCA-based IR research.

While the aspiration for the IS discipline's bright future is a shared objective, there is a controversy about what are the fundamental challenges ahead let alone how to approach them. This panel addresses the question of what should we do to nurture a thriving IS discipline? Opinions regarding how to solidify the position of the IS discipline can be classified into five interrelated clusters: research-oriented approaches, teaching-oriented approaches, practice-oriented approaches, scholarship-oriented approaches, and organization-oriented approaches. Building on crowdsourcing within the IS community to inform a panel of senior scholars, we will engage in a debate about possible approaches to nurture and invigorate the IS discipline in the coming decade. Overall, we aim to inspire and spark grassroots-based collective action in pursuit of thriving IS scholarship. At minimum, we hope to stimulate new insights about the desired and possible futures of the IS discipline, and the instrumental steps to realize them.

A shift in communications infrastructure is an important factor in how open design has taken shape and the possibilities it offers. It is a transition from the ‘internet of things’ to the things of the internet. Michel Avital analyses the main drivers behind open design, open innovation and open source. He describes the major features of open design and explores the preconditions for open design in relation to four aspects: object, process, practice and infrastructure, with a specific focus on infrastructure.

This study offers new insight into the economies of scale of ICT departments. Drawing from data on Housing Corporations, Municipalities and Hospitals, evidence was found that particularly infrastructure-related investments leverage a more efficient use of ICT resources. The measured economies between low and high infrastructure spending organizations are on average more than 20% for their operational ICT labour and for their total ICT costs. It was also found that organizations should spend a certain minimum of their ICT expenditure on applications to realize economies of scale in their business processes. These findings are particularly interesting for ICT managers and CIO's in relatively low ICT spending organizations, to attain an optimal balance in investments in infrastructure and applications. Show More Show Less

In this paper we present a framework for service business models. We build on three streams of research. The first stream is the service management and marketing literature that focuses on the specific challenges of managing a service business. The second stream consists of research on e-business models. The third and most recent stream of research includes frameworks and business models from strategic management and innovation management. The next step in our research is the development of a service business model framework and describing a set of core dimensions of innovation in a service business. The framework will be illustrated with recent case studies of service firms.

Hoe kunnen we ingrijpen bij huiselijk geweld voordat het escaleert, hoe krijgen we inzicht in de netwerken van mensenhandelaren en hoe herkennen we potentiële terroristen? Hoewel er veel informatie beschikbaar is, wordt er te weinig mee gedaan. De instrumenten ontbreken om de grote hoeveelheden informatie van politiemensen op straat geautomatiseerd te analyseren en patronen te herkennen. Paul Elzinga ontwikkelde een nieuwe methode waarmee de rapportages geautomatiseerd kunnen worden geanalyseerd. Daartoe maakte hij een model dat gebruikmaakt van een wiskundige analyse om rapportages zichtbaar te maken in de vorm van een netwerk. Deze voorstellingswijze kan nieuwe inzichten, nieuwe verdachten en nieuwe slachtoffers zichtbaar maken. Deze nieuwe analysemethode vormt in de nabije toekomst een belangrijk instrument voor informatiespecialisten binnen de politie. Het kan daarmee een belangrijke bijdrage leveren aan de resultaten van het politiewerk in Nederland.

This article presents the findings of a survey among 613 firms in the Dutch hospitality industry adopting a demarcation perspective. The paper illustrates that innovation in this service industry is much higher and more varied than regularly reported. It further indicates that innovation activities in 'low-tech industries' can be in place with less formalized forms of (service) innovation management. Finally, it is shown that a higher innovation intensity is associated with better firm performance. Based on this, some implications for managing innovation in the hospitality industry are discussed. Finally, some fundamental issues in the measurement of service innovation are raised.

Sustainable innovation is not only about the design of radical "green" technologies, it is also about generating social and institutional support that complement and reinforce the adoption and diffusion of these technologies at large. Hence, treating the ecologically hazardous nature of the prevalent technologies alone is insufficient without complementary social change. Building on a longitudinal study of sustainable innovation in the car industry, we argue that the prevailing discourse that is centered on the creation of business value is unlikely to facilitate the widespread adoption of sustainable technologies. Furthermore, taking into consideration the sociomateriality of sustainable innovation, we rather suggest that a focus on creating social value is indispensable for triggering the desired change toward sustainable value. Following the analysis of sustainable innovation in the car industry, we generate two relevant insights for sustainable value. First, our results demonstrate the path-dependent nature of sustainable innovation, which is constrained and sustained by the materiality, social structures, and institutional frameworks that comprise the overall sociotechnical system in which innovation takes place. Second, our findings show that a successful diffusion of radical sustainable innovation requires both technological innovation and complementary social changes that together can disrupt the existing evolutionary path of technology and construct more sustainable alternatives. All in all, we argue that reframing the discourse around social value in lieu of monetary value can be leveraged by organizations for shaping alternative courses of action, creating innovative technologies, and developing novel practices that create sustainable value for all stakeholders in society.

In spite of its pervasiveness and centrality, knowledge issues in globally distributed arrangements remain scarcely explored and under-theorized. This is largely due to the high degree of complexity involved in understanding the underlying dynamics and many facets of knowledge. The vocabulary of practice-based studies seems particularly appropriate to investigate knowledge management in outsourcing ‘as it happens’ by looking at everyday work practices of the team players. The purpose of this research is two-fold: It firstly investigates how the collaborative competency in knowing-how to effectively manage knowledge across global boundaries contributes to the process of enhancing outsourcing performance. Secondly, it investigates how this practice of organizing enhances organizational knowing and learning by studying the knowing-how that is enacted through the everyday, ongoing work practices of the team members. Based on empirical investigations at an offshore vendor site, this research further examines how similar practices synchronize, connect and converge into interwoven textures, and how diverse, improvised practices can be re-negotiated and re-configured (in practice) to enhance organizational competency.

Hospitals increasingly use process models for structuring their care processes. Activities performed to patients are logged to a database but these data are rarely used for managing and improving the efficiency of care processes and quality of care. In this paper, we propose a synergy of process mining with data discovery techniques. In particular, we analyze a dataset consisting of the activities performed to 148 patients during hospitalization for breast cancer treatment in a hospital in Belgium. We expose multiple quality of care issues that will be resolved in the near future, discover process variations and best practices and we discover issues with the data registration system. For example, 25 % of patients receiving breast-conserving therapy did not receive the key intervention "revalidation’’. We found this was caused by lowering the length of stay in the hospital over the years without modifying the care process. Whereas the process representations offered by Hidden Markov Models are easier to use than those offered by Formal Concept Analysis, this data discovery technique has proven to be very useful for analyzing process anomalies and exceptions in detail. ispartof: pages:505-517 ispartof: Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Advances in Data Mining. Applications and Theoretical Aspects vol:6171 pages:505-517 ispartof: Industrial Conference (ICDM) location:Leipzig (Germany) date:12 Jul - 14 Jul 2010 status: published

In the past decades, the amount of information available to law enforcement agencies has increased significantly. Most of this information is in textual form, however analyses have mainly focused on the structured data. In this paper, we give an overview of the concept discovery projects at the Amsterdam-Amstelland police where Formal Concept Analysis (FCA) is being used as text mining instrument. FCA is combined with statistical techniques such as Hidden Markov Models (HMM) and Emergent Self Organizing Maps (ESOM). The combination of this concept discovery and refinement technique with statistical techniques for analyzing high-dimensional data not only resulted in new insights but often in actual improvements of the investigation procedures. ispartof: pages:473-478 ispartof: Proceedings of the IEEE Computational Intelligence in Networks and Systems workshop (INCos 2010) pages:473-478 ispartof: Computational Intelligence in Networks and Systems workshop (INCos 2010) location:Thessaloniki (Greece) date:24 Nov - 26 Nov 2010 status: published

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to identify and reflect on a set of dynamic capabilities for managing service innovation and applies a dynamic capabilities view (DCV) of firms for managing service innovation.Design/methodology/approach - This theoretical paper offers a conceptual framework for managing service innovation by proposing six dynamic service innovation capabilities. This framework builds on and is integrated with a model of service innovation that covers the possible dimensions where service innovation can take place. On this basis, avenues for future research into managing service innovation are identified and managerial implications discussed.Findings - The six dynamic service innovation capabilities identified are: signalling user needs and technological options; conceptualising; (un-)bundling; co-producing and orchestrating; scaling and stretching; and learning and adapting. It is hypothesized that successful service innovators, which may include manufacturing firms developing into providers of service solutions, outperform their competitors in at least some of these capabilities.Research limitations/implications - The six dynamic service innovation capabilities identified in this theoretical paper, their mutual links as well as links with dimensions of service innovation need to be tested further. Further refinement is required in order to be able to discriminate between various industries, sizes and types of firms.Practical implications - Those involved in managing service innovation are offered a framework for systematically assessing dynamic service innovation capabilities.Originality/value - The main contribution of this paper is that it links a service (innovation) perspective to a DCV of the firm by proposing a set of six dynamic service innovation capabilities.

Information Governance is a logical and necessary development in organizations to benefit from the information society. This subject is becoming increasingly topical, mainly from a risk and compliance perspective, so a critical inquiry is appropriate. In this article the authors consider a number of aspects of information governance that go beyond the traditional thought of risk and compliance. CIOs are going to face serious challenges in the extensive digitalization of society with a rapidly expanding digital universe that is constrained by the continuous emphasis on IT cost reductions. The authors question whether the today’s CIO has adequate tools to effectively focus on policies and developments that are information-centric.

De titel van dit artikel doet wellicht de wenkbrauwen fronsen: hoezo ‘digitale beeld’? Wie de euvele moed samenraapt om de ICT-agenda van organisaties erop na te lezen, zal die term in geen velden of wegen tegenkomen. Organisaties zijn te exclusief gericht op interne, systeemgedreven optimalisatie en te verstrikt geraakt in hun eigen denkpatronen, procedures, beleidsplannen en dergelijke. Ze worstelen amechtig met hun oude infrastructuren, dan wel zijn volop in de weer om deze van de toekomst te creëren. Ze hebben er geen oog voor dat we op dit ogenblik een fundamentele overgang meemaken in ICT, waarin de digitale beeldcultuur een dominante rol speelt. Ik geef eerst een analyse van de huidige manier van denken in ICT-land; ik introduceer hiervoor de term ‘machinedenken’. Dit denken wordt doorkruist door de opkomst van wat ik bij voorkeur apparaten noem. Vervolgens bespreek ik de betekenis van de doorbraak van technische beelden en van hun digitaal karakter.

In this abstract, we propose a practice-based approach to the study of design and introduce the concept of designing as an epistemic practice. We outline the theoretical premises of this study as well as the intended theoretical contributions.

It is virtually a truism that good leadership practices can help project managers with attaining the desired project outcome. However, a better understanding of which leadership practices enable project managers to be more effective warrants further investigation. Subsequently, in this study, we investigate project leadership in the context of IT and its consequences on project work and project outcome. Project Leadership is conceptualized as a second order construct consisting of Project Management, Autonomy Support, and Emotional Intelligence. Survey data from 327 project team members across 15 industries suggests that skillful project managers who demonstrate good leadership practices can foster among team members individual learning and team relatedness as well as higher job satisfaction that ultimately contributes to perceived project success.

Bij grote organisaties komt het nogal eens voor dat de IT-afdeling langzaam losbreekt van het overkoepelende bouwwerk. De techneuten verschansen zich in hun bastion en verliezen het verband met de bedrijfsprocessen. Kunnen we bruggen bouwen om zo'n vervallen structuur weer te restaureren? Binnen en buiten het onderwijs zijn er verschillende ideeën over de bijdrage die architectuur kan leveren aan alignment.

Information governance is een logische maar ook noodzakelijke ontwikkeling in organisaties om voordeel te halen uit de informatiemaatschappij. Het wordt steeds actueler, zodat een kritische beschouwing zeer op zijn plaats is. De auteurs brengen een aantal aspecten van information governance onder de aandacht die verdergaan dan het traditionele risico- en compliancydenken.

In this paper, we analyze the literature on Formal Concept Analysis (FCA) using FCA. We collected 702 papers published between 2003-2009 mentioning Formal Concept Analysis in the abstract. We developed a knowledge browsing environment to support our literature analysis process. The pdf-files containing the papers were converted to plain text and indexed by Lucene using a thesaurus containing terms related to FCA research. We use the visualization capabilities of FCA to explore the literature, to discover and conceptually represent the main research topics in the FCA community. As a case study, we zoom in on the 140 papers on using FCA in knowledge discovery and data mining and give an extensive overview of the contents of this literature. ispartof: pages:139-153 ispartof: Lecture Notes in Computer Science vol:6208 pages:139-153 ispartof: International conference on conceptual structures (ICCS 2010) location:Kuching, Sarawak (Malaysia) date:26 Jul - 30 Jul 2010 status: published

The National Police Service Agency of the Netherlands developed a model to classify (potential) jihadists in four sequential phases of radicalism. The goal of the model is to signal the potential jihadist as early as possible to prevent him or her to enter the next phase. This model has up till now, never been used to actively find new subjects. In this paper, we use Formal Concept Analysis to extract and visualize potential jihadists in the different phases of radicalism from a large set of reports describing police observations. We employ Temporal Concept Analysis to visualize how a possible jihadist radicalizes over time. The combination of these instruments allows for easy decisionmaking on where and when to act. ispartof: pages:77-82 ispartof: Lecture Notes in Computer Science (LNCS) series. pages:77-82 ispartof: IEEE International Conference on Intelligence and Security Informatics location:Vancouver (Canada) date:23 May - 26 May 2010 status: published

Against the backdrop of today's highly connected world marked with the increased use of technology, Global IT Sourcing is growing consistently over the last two decades. Such a trend entails the need to deploy effective knowledge management strategies within and across outsourcing organizations. Extant literature shows that this area remains largely under-theorized due to the complexities involved in understanding the underlying mechanisms and many facets of knowledge processes. One such complexity is the embeddedness of knowledge in local, situated practices and the difficulties that arise in reaching shared meanings when knowledge is circulated across globally dispersed settings. This research takes up the challenge of exploring what managing knowledge processes entails in the case of an IT-outsourced project using a practice-based vocabulary. Such a vocabulary seems particularly appropriate in understanding ongoing knowledge processes by studying the everyday work practices of human-actions as they interact with material artifacts. This encompasses a shift in discourse from individuals, organizations and institutions to human-action as the unit of analysis. The purpose of this research is two-fold: Firstly, it aims at investigating the knowing-how that is enacted through the everyday, ongoing work practices of human-actions as they interact with material artifacts. Secondly, it investigates how the collaborative ability in organizing and knowing-how to effectively manage knowledge across global boundaries improves the outsourcing process.

This study offers new insight into the economies of scale of ICT departments. Drawing from data on Housing Corporations, Municipalities and Hospitals, evidence was found that particularly infrastructure-related investments leverage a more efficient use of ICT resources. The measured economies between low and high infrastructure spending organizations are on average more than 20% for their operational ICT labour and for their total ICT costs. It was also found that organizations should spend a certain minimum of their ICT expenditure on applications to realize economies of scale in their business processes.