Search

This study delves into the interplay between design strategies and their efficacy in harmonizing the functional and aesthetic aspects of industrial product design. It scrutinizes modern design tactics, delineating their features and benefits, and aims to forge a cohesive strategy that elevates both aesthetic appeal and functionality in industrial products. By examining literature on industrial design evolution, the merger of performance and aesthetics, and user experience, the research identifies five pivotal design strategies--Design Thinking, Agile Design, Lean Design, Six Sigma, and TRIZ theory--adopted by various industrial businesses. It utilizes qualitative methods to analyze these strategies' frameworks, pinpointing similarities and differences in their approach to design, alongside quantitative research through surveys with expert designers. The findings illuminate the distinct impacts of these strategies on industrial product development, offering insights into their potential to enhance both the utility and visual appeal of products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The detection of tiny defects in industrial products is important for improving the quality of industrial products and maintaining production safety. Currently, image-based defect detection methods are ineffective in detecting tiny and variously shaped defects. Therefore, this paper proposes a tiny defect detection network (TD-Net) for industrial products to improve the effectiveness of tiny defect detection. TD-Net improves the overall defect detection effect, especially the detection effect of tiny defects, by solving the problems of downsampling of tiny defects, pre-filtering of conflicting deep and shallow semantic information, and cascading fusion of multi-scale information. Specifically, this paper proposes the Defect Downsampling (DD) module to realize the defect information supplementation during the backbone downsampling process and improve the problem that the stepwise convolution easily misses the detection of tiny defects. Meanwhile, the Semantic Information Interaction Module (SIIM) is proposed, which fuses deep and shallow semantic features, and is designed to interact the fused features with shallow features to optimize the detection of tiny defects. Finally, the Scale Information Fusion Module (SIFM) is proposed to improve the Path Aggregation Network (PANet) for cascading fusion and information focus on different scale information, which enables further improvement of defect detection performance of TD-Net. Extensive experimental results on the NEU–DET data set (76.8 % mAP), the Peking University PCB defect data set (96.2 % mAP) and the GC10-DET data set (71.5 % mAP) show that the proposed TD-Net achieves competitive results compared with SOTA methods with the equivalent parameter quantity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The detection of tiny defects in industrial products is important for improving the quality of industrial products and maintaining production safety. Currently, image-based defect detection methods are ineffective in detecting tiny and variously shaped defects. Therefore, this paper proposes a tiny defect detection network (TD-Net) for industrial products to improve the effectiveness of tiny defect detection. TD-Net improves the overall defect detection effect, especially the detection effect of tiny defects, by solving the problems of downsampling of tiny defects, pre-filtering of conflicting deep and shallow semantic information, and cascading fusion of multi-scale information. Specifically, this paper proposes the Defect Downsampling (DD) module to realize the defect information supplementation during the backbone downsampling process and improve the problem that the stepwise convolution easily misses the detection of tiny defects. Meanwhile, the Semantic Information Interaction Module (SIIM) is proposed, which fuses deep and shallow semantic features, and is designed to interact the fused features with shallow features to optimize the detection of tiny defects. Finally, the Scale Information Fusion Module (SIFM) is proposed to improve the Path Aggregation Network (PANet) for cascading fusion and information focus on different scale information, which enables further improvement of defect detection performance of TD-Net. Extensive experimental results on the NEU–DET data set (76.8 $$\%$$ % mAP), the Peking University PCB defect data set (96.2 $$\%$$ % mAP) and the GC10-DET data set (71.5 $$\%$$ % mAP) show that the proposed TD-Net achieves competitive results compared with SOTA methods with the equivalent parameter quantity.

In the industrial field, deep-learning-based image anomaly detections are attracting attention because of some of their advantages. The deep-learning-based models can overcome the shortcomings of traditional methods, such as human eye detection and rule-based machine detection. When using deep learning, which has many advantages, one of the limitations is that anomalous products are difficult to obtain. Since most industrial products do not have defects, unsupervised learning detection models are strongly required. We propose a new model based on the variational autoencoder (VAE), which is a generative model applicable to detection by unsupervised learning. VAE is a model for optimizing parameters or latency based on a loss function that is the sum of several terms, and in our proposed method, original weights are given to these terms. In addition, our model dynamically and adaptively explores a ratio of weights. We have developed a dynamic weighted VAE adapted to area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC, AUC) using validation data. We have already reported the efficiency of the AUC-adapted VAE; however, this method is not unsupervised learning, and a method that does not use validation data was desired. In this paper, we discuss the previous method in more detail and describe the new method, which is fully unsupervised learning, by conducting additional experiments. The results of several experiments show that the proposed method is potentially effective for some actual industrial product image datasets while maintaining unsupervised learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Al-Academy is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In order to realize multi‐layer semantic integration and innovation of complex product industrial design, promote multi‐disciplinary knowledge sharing and coordination, and improve product quality, the hierarchical semantic concept of product industrial design is put forward based on the theories of product semiotics and cognitive semantics. In addition, the hierarchical semantic industrial design process context model is constructed based on complex product development process and information processing theory using the Information Centric Networking (ICN) technology, since ICN architecture can be used to optimize the product quality. In the ICN environment, the scientific semantic expression methods and the artistic semantic expression method of product semantics are also used to extract features and construct the feature expression in the specific design situation. The icon semantic features, indicative semantic features, symbolic semantic features and their relevance of complex products are obtained. Experimental results have been achieved and shown that the proposed method has benefits than the other methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research discussed a process that represents meaning in the industrial product within the scope of perception, which depends on the concept of meaning to calibrate the constancy and smoothness of visual scanning according to the general Gestalt principles. On the Gestalt principles that govern those elements, a group of industrial products were discussed and their formed elements analyzed as an attempt to explore the Gestalt meaning model at the realistic level in light of the concepts that were extracted through the research discussion. The research reached a set of conclusions that achieved the intended goal of this study with regard to the behavior of the design construction of the industrial product according to the representations of the design meaning used by the industrial design institutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Al-Academy is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Design methods were numerous and varied, including all the implementation methods, and design methods were not known before the beginning of the fifties, as the design process was known as those processes that are carried out by architects, engineers, or industrial designers in order to produce engineering drawings or necessary for the production of engineering drawings. The research aims to take advantage of the infographic as a simplified and appropriate method in presenting the outputs and ideas in the industrial product design program, due to the difficulties faced by the student and practitioner of industrial design in the process of coordinating, summarizing and presenting the results of each stage of the design program in order to extract and analyze the results to reach the appropriate decision to move To the next stage or to return again to the previous stage to complete its activities.From that, the importance of research in developing the skills of the students of the industrial design program by using infographics in presenting the outputs of the design program was due to the lack of the current methods of presentation for students of the Industrial Design Department while presenting the results of the stages and outputs of the design program to appropriate methods and methodologies.The research dealt with a presentation of the definition, concept and genesis of infographics with the aim of familiarizing the designer with what this new technology is, and then an explanation and illustrative examples of some types of infographics and the features of using each type according to the information required to be presented and produced.The research also dealt with an explanation of the stages of the industrial product design program, the results of each stage, and the importance of display and output methods for those results and their impact on the speed and accuracy of decision-making during the transition between the stages and activities of the program.Then the research dealt with the impact of applying infographics in the stages of the product design program through a case study of designing and implementing a "shelter unit for scouting trips" to highlight the advantages of the application results. Examples of programs and sites that help the designer in making infographic drawings after providing them with the data and information required to be displayed were presented.In the end, the main findings and recommendations of the research were presented.

Copyright of SDU Journal of Engineering Sciences & Design / Mühendislik Bilimleri ve Tasarım Dergisi is the property of Journal of Engineering Sciences & Design and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Sustainable design is a new design trend that focuses on the importance of the relationship between design and nature and seeks integration and compatibility with the environment. And it is known that any design work is a gathering of the main formative elements of the design work (product) in a way that depends on the skill of the designer and the accuracy of his selection of these elements to reach the main goal of the design. And when the product is designed with a high body and excellent accuracy and achieves a sense of confidence and credibility and communicates the message and goal, as well as forgetting about sustainable design, but in a manner that stems from the essence of the concept of sustainability around which sustainable design revolves in general, and falls under the concept of design dealing with the sustainable environment. The current research aims to identify the design treatments for sustainable industrial product design. The current research community consists of designs for the company (NAU) designed in the year (2019), and the researcher chose the designs that are the result of her exploratory study of the company’s designs published on the company’s website on the Internet. The researcher adopted the non-probabilistic (intentional) choice according to the research requirements, and a percentage (33%) was applied to the models of the year (2011), and the number of models extracted was (1) models out of the research community of (3) models, The research came out with a set of results, the most important of which are: 1- The analyzed model is designed and made of two materials, which are recycled polyester, and from recycled wool felt, and these recycled materials are the most choices in the manufacture of sustainable products, as these raw materials do not require a manufacturing industry to produce them. 2- The design and raw treatments used in designing the model, have achieved to a large extent the functional performance, which is the purpose for which it was designed, aesthetic and use, in addition to the characteristic of sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Dirasat Tarbawiya is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Although the brick-tile industry is one of the industrial establishments in Turkey, the search for raw materials that can meet the needs is one of the important problems. According to the 9th State Development Plan, clay reserves are insufficient and in the group that should be sought. There are not enough studies on the analysis of clays in our country. For this reason, the suitability of clay in the tile sector in the Muttalip region of Eskisehir province was investigated. As a result of X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometer (XRF), Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), particle analysis, the clay, which was found to be suitable for tiles, was slurred and inserted into Vacuum Press devices as a result of moisture analysis, and tablet tiles were obtained. The tiles obtained were baked at 80°C during the drying phase and cracks were formed on the surface. These cracks in the drying stage can be resolved by natural drying method or drying at lower temperatures, and tile, which is an industrial product with high strength, can be obtained from Muttalip clay. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to investigate and identify the directions for improving innovative economic growth in the Republic of Azerbaijan. Also, in this article, the nature of innovative economic growth and innovation activity in the Republic of Azerbaijan has been examined. For this purpose, statistics from the Global Innovation Index Report (GII) 2021 and the State Statistical Committee of the Republic of Azerbaijan have been revised and analised. Innovation activity and its indicators in the Republic of Azerbaijan have been compared with some relevant countries to identify the level of activity in the mentioned field. So, according to the GII 2021, Azerbaijan ranks 80th out of 132 countries with 28.4 points. This indicates are for Belarus (62 points), Georgia (63), Austria (18), and Turkey (41). Correspondingly, according to the 2020 statistics, the gross industrial product (GIP) was 37.27 billion AZN, the GDP was 72.43 billion AZN, and the gross innovation product was 28.58 million AZN, or 0.039% of GDP and 0.076% of gross industrial product. The study concluded with a set of recommendations, the most important of which are the suggestions to achieve innovative development and sustainable economic growth in the Republic of Azerbaijan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sustainable product design uses methodologies focused on eco-effectiveness and eco-efficiency for the proposal of innovative technological solutions and for the control of environmental impacts during the product life cycle. One of the main drawbacks of such techniques is their qualitative nature, associated with a decision-making process that is sometimes arbitrary, or with unverifiable data; this means that several complementary tools are currently being used to reduce the error in the results obtained. This situation makes the unification of procedures necessary. In this context, this research develops a methodology for the sustainable design of industrial products that integrates life cycle assessment (in its environmental, economic and social application) and cradle-to-cradle techniques. For this purpose, a new assessment process is proposed, based on damage, developing LCA+C2C endpoint indicators. The methodology is subsequently verified in a case study of products for sustainable mobility (city trike electric). The results show that an integrated LCA+C2C assessment can help to propose more balanced sustainable strategies and would be a suitable method to measure tradeoffs between economic, social and environmental results, for practical purposes and future redesigns. The unified method provides a procedure to design a solution with a trade-off between eco-efficient and eco-effective criteria; it also simplifies the design phases, facilitates the interpretation of the results and provides a quantitative scope to the cradle-to-cradle framework. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Dirasat Tarbawiya is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Industrial products typically lack defects in smart manufacturing systems, which leads to an extremely imbalanced task of recognizing surface defects. With this imbalanced sample distribution, machine learning and deep learning algorithms preferentially learn features from the majority classes, potentially leading to inaccurate results. Addressing the issue of sample imbalance has thus emerged as a critical area of research within the field of industrial intelligent manufacturing. This paper discusses the imbalanced sample problem of industrial product surface defect detection algorithms, and proposes the existence of "four imbalances and two uncertainties". It also summarizes the industrial product surface dataset and innovatively adds the imbalance rate comparison to the dataset. In this study, data re-sampling, data expansion, feature extraction and identification, and re-weighting of category weights are elaborated at the level of data and algorithm respectively. Additionally, the paper explores prospective directions for future research, including supervised and unsupervised learning, transfer learning, anomaly detection, quality prediction, and future challenges. It is hoped to lay a solid foundation for the more far-reaching development of smart manufacturing and surface defect detection methods. And provide some directions for the research of sample imbalance and long-tail problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the article, the possibilities of using Life Cycle Costing (LCC) method when forming costs of research and development are considered. Authors have investigated the fields using of this method and conclusions are drawn on impossibility of his independent realization in this connection the analysis of abilities to integrate LCC with other techniques positioned by special literature as methods of cost management is made. Besides, in article authors have offered the scheme of application of LCC at stages of life cycle of an industrial product.

Sustainable product design uses methodologies focused on eco-effectiveness and eco-efficiency for the proposal of innovative technological solutions and for the control of environmental impacts during the product life cycle. One of the main drawbacks of such techniques is their qualitative nature, associated with a decision-making process that is sometimes arbitrary, or with unverifiable data; this means that several complementary tools are currently being used to reduce the error in the results obtained. This situation makes the unification of procedures necessary. In this context, this research develops a methodology for the sustainable design of industrial products that integrates life cycle assessment (in its environmental, economic and social application) and cradle-to-cradle techniques. For this purpose, a new assessment process is proposed, based on damage, developing LCA+C2C endpoint indicators. The methodology is subsequently verified in a case study of products for sustainable mobility (city trike electric). The results show that an integrated LCA+C2C assessment can help to propose more balanced sustainable strategies and would be a suitable method to measure tradeoffs between economic, social and environmental results, for practical purposes and future redesigns. The unified method provides a procedure to design a solution with a trade-off between eco-efficient and eco-effective criteria; it also simplifies the design phases, facilitates the interpretation of the results and provides a quantitative scope to the cradle-to-cradle framework.

In the article, the possibilities of using Life Cycle Costing (LCC) method when forming costs of research and development are considered. Authors have investigated the fields using of this method and conclusions are drawn on impossibility of his independent realization in this connection the analysis of abilities to integrate LCC with other techniques positioned by special literature as methods of cost management is made. Besides, in article authors have offered the scheme of application of LCC at stages of life cycle of an industrial product.

Copyright of Al-Academy is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Al-Academy is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) is a common Maillard reaction product directly formed from dehydration of sugars under acidic conditions during heating and storage in carbohydrate rich foods. The aim of the present study was to detect and quantify the amount of HMF in date syrup by HPLC method. In addition, the amount of HMF in date syrup produced by traditional and industrial methods were compared. Methods: A HPLC method for determination of HMF in date syrup was developed and validated. The amount of HMF in date syrup products produced by the traditional and industrial methods was compared. In addition, to determine whether HMF was produced during storage in date syrup, its amount was measured in fresh and old samples. Results: The HMF content of fresh traditional products varied between 1000 to 2675 mg⁄kg and in the old products varied between 2580 to 6450 mg⁄kg. The HMF concentration of the fresh industrial products varied between 12 to 456 mg⁄kg and 611 to 943 mg⁄kg in the old ones. The HMF concentration of the traditionally produced products was significantly higher than industrial products (P

In this study, we tried to examine the effect of service quality on the current industrial product B2B trading market on the degree of sustainable purchase for employees engaged in industrial product B2B trading market. We gathered data from questionnaires from employees who worked in the industrial product B2B trading market for this research. Empirical analysis is carried out through the collected questionnaire materials and finally the research model is finally verified using reliability analysis, validity analysis, discrimination validity analysis, and structural equation model fitness test, and finally Analysis of differences between cooperating companies and vendor, analysis of differences between companies engaged in purchasing industrial materials and developers. The results of the research analysis did not positively influence the quality of the relationship with relativity satisfaction with ease of information exchange and adaptability did not have a positive influence on the quality of the relationship. However, product service exchange, product development cooperation, adaptability, correspondence, reliability had a positive influence on the quality of relationship with relation satisfaction. Relationship of parameters The satisfaction has a positive influence on the quality of the relationship, the degree of sustainable purchase, and eventually the quality of the relationship has a positive influence on each successive purchase. By using the results of this research it is possible to confirm the factors which directly or indirectly influence the strengthening of the relationship between suppliers and purchasers in the industrial material B2B trading market and provide the basis for strategy to B2B trading companies It seems to be meaningful to offer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a study based on the systematization of accumulated scientific experience is refined conceptual apparatus; the criteria for classification of goods works and services to high-tech products: compliance with priority areas of science technology and engineering in the Russian Federation; High-tech goods, works and services. The properties inherent in high-tech products directly to: the use of scientific and technological research and development; the complexity and cost of production; uniqueness; high operating costs. In the examples dismantled the classification of products with high-tech basis for their creation: the degree of knowledge-based industries engaged in the production of relevant, up to the duration of the life cycle of the product in question. The comparative classification of high-tech industries in the world. On the basis of that concluded that Russia is largely behind the developed countries and for the development of these industries need a lot of effort on the part of the state.

The present paper proposes a quasi-accurate quality assessment design method for industrial products, in addition to the measures implemented within an industrial unit, in order to improve product quality, This method is designed by the author and consists of a total of five indicators. Each category of indicators has a number of points related. The total amount of points, obtained by an industrial product, it means its level of competitiveness. The dynamic and complex nature of quality in modern production determined this new approach regarding quality control. This new method analyzes the product in all its complexity provided by the following features: functional, technical, economical, ergonomic, shape, color, style, affordability, degree of obsolescence, pollution.

Copyright of Online Journal of Art & Design is the property of Online Journal of Art & Design and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The present paper proposes a quasi-accurate quality assessment design method for industrial products, in addition to the measures implemented within an industrial unit, in order to improve product quality, This method is designed by the author and consists of a total of five indicators. Each category of indicators has a number of points related. The total amount of points, obtained by an industrial product, it means its level of competitiveness. The dynamic and complex nature of quality in modern production determined this new approach regarding quality control. This new method analyzes the product in all its complexity provided by the following features: functional, technical, economical, ergonomic, shape, color, style, affordability, degree of obsolescence, pollution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper gives news of the six patents filed by the inventor Antonio Pérez Cano, Cieza neighbor, in the period from 1916-1922. All related to industry of esparto of Cieza booming in those years. Four of these patents were registered in the year of the crisis of 1917 that led to the First World War (1914-1918). The first patent covers a bleaching process, three on new industrial products and the remaining two on addition or enhancement of these products.Often the patent specifications speak of the art at the time they were recorded as well as the opportunity of the inventors to take advantage of the historical economic situation and increase the production of goods and products manufactured with raw materials not imported.

Industrial design represents an important 20th century phenomenon, which contributed to the spectacular development of human society. There are a lot of domains in which the insertion of the industrial design methods and theories is extremely necessary, becoming common practice. Marketing uses industrial design elements in order to draw up advertisements for products, to develop logos or packaging with all its attached factors, to organise promotional sales with the view of penetrating a certain market or of appealing to a large number of consumers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the very competitive bussiness environment, the company ability to create or develop its product is an important thing to keep. With the competitivenes of each product, especially industrial product, each product has a short life-cycle. The life-cycle of an industrial product become shorter because of the technology used in its development phase. This will be one of many factors that encourage industrial company to develop their product, besides the profitability factor that many companies achieve for. In industrial product development process, companies use many method to develop its product and shorten their industrial product life-cycle, but it is still difficult to obtain cost which incur to develop an industrial product. An industrial company has to know exactly its product development costs and determine its most expensive production activities in order to plan future financial performance and identify potential improvements. Using life-cycle costing, a company can anticipate the costs which occur in each phase of product life-cycle and determine the product cost of new industrial product which has been developed accurately. Abstract in Bahasa Indonesia : Dalam persaingan dunia bisnis yang sangat ketat, kemampuan perusahaan untuk dapat menciptakan atau mengembangkan produk baru sangat diperlukan. Dengan semakin ketatnya persaingan antar perusahaan tersebut produk yang dihasilkan oleh suatu perusahaan akan memiliki jangka waktu (umur) tertentu di pasaran. Khusus untuk barang-barang industri, daur hidup produk industri akan memiliki kecenderungan umur hidup yang semakin pendek terutama didukung dengan adanya perkembangan teknologi yang digunakan oleh perusahaan tersebut. Hal ini menjadi salah satu faktor yang mendorong dilakukannya proses pengembangan produk industri selain faktor laba (profit) yang diperoleh oleh perusahaan dengan melakukan usaha pengembangan produk. Dalam usaha pengembangan produk untuk barang-barang industri, perusahaan menggunakan berbagai metode untuk memperpendek siklus pengembangan produk industrinya. Meskipun demikian perusahaan masih tetap mengalami kesulitan didalam menentukan biaya-biaya yang dibutuhkan untuk melakukan pengembangan produk industri yang masih berada pada tahap perkembangan produk. Suatu perusahaan industri haruslah mengetahui berapa biaya-biaya yang diperlukan untuk pengembangan produk yang dilakukannya dan menentukan tingkat aktivitas pengembangan produk industri yang membutuhkan biaya paling besar agar dapat melakukan perencanaan dan pengendalian biaya atas produk industri baru yang dikembangkannya. Dengan menggunakan sistem produk life-cycle costing perusahaan akan dapat mengantisipasi besarnya biaya yang muncul pada tiap-tiap tahap daur hidup produk dan melakukan pembebanan yang akurat atas produk industri baru yang dihasilkannya. Kata kunci : produk industri, barang konsumsi, pengembangan produk, daur hidup produk, biaya berdasar daur hidup produk, pengembangan produk industri baru