97 results on '"Incretinas"'
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2. Manejo de pacientes diabéticos hospitalizados
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Alejandro Román-Gonzalez, Andrés Cardona, Johnayro Gutiérrez, and Andrés Palacio
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Diabetes mellitus ,Insulina ,Fosfato de sitagliptina ,incretinas ,Medicine ,Medicine (General) ,R5-920 - Abstract
La diabetes es una enfermedad con importante prevalencia en todo el mundo. Se calcula que cerca de 415 millones de personas la padecen en la actualidad y que para el año 2040 esta cifra aumentará poco más del 50%. Debido a esto, se estima que gran parte de los ingresos por urgencias serán de pacientes diabéticos o sujetos a los cuales esta patología se les diagnosticará en dicha hospitalización; esta situación hace necesario conocer los lineamientos y las recomendaciones de las guías para el manejo intrahospitalario de los pacientes con hiperglucemia. El pilar fundamental del manejo hospitalario de diabetes es la monitorización intensiva, junto con la educación al paciente y la administración de insulina. El control glicémico es clave debido a que disminuye complicaciones intrahospitalarias. Cabe resaltar que el control estricto puede llevar a hipoglucemias, por lo que los episodios deben ser debidamente documentados y su causa corregida de inmediato.
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- 2018
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3. A novel surgical technique focused on the study of the ileum: The preduodenal ileal transposition.
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Salas-Álvarez, Jesús M., Campos-Martínez, Francisco J., Moreno-Arciniegas, Alejandra, Almorza-Gomar, David, Pérez-Arana, Gonzalo M., Prada-Oliveira, J. Arturo, and Camacho-Ramírez, Alonso
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TYPE 2 diabetes ,MALABSORPTION syndromes ,BARIATRIC surgery ,PANCREAS ,GLYCEMIC control - Abstract
Copyright of Cirugía y Cirujanos is the property of Publicidad Permanyer SLU and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2020
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4. Bipartición de tránsito intestinal, la nueva era de la cirugía metabólica para la diabetes mellitus de tipo 2
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Walter Kunz-Martínez and Arturo Iván Pérez-Pacheco
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diabetes mellitus tipo 2 ,intestino delgado ,tránsito gastrointestinal ,procedimientos quirúrgicos ,cirugía metabólica ,incretinas ,Surgery ,RD1-811 - Abstract
Antecedentes. La diabetes mellitus de tipo 2 es el principal reto de salud pública que enfrentamos actualmente, constituye la primera causa de discapacidad y es o está asociada a las principales causas de muerte en nuestro país. En Ciudad de México, se reportó que más del 79 % de los pacientes diabéticos no tienen cifras óptimas de HbA1c (9 %). La cirugía metabólica es el mejor tratamiento en términos de remisión, sin embargo, los mecanismos involucrados no son los tradicional- mente considerados. Objetivo. Ofrecer actualización acerca de los mecanismos involucrados en la remisión de la diabetes mellitus de tipo 2 después de la cirugía metabólica. Metodos. Se hizo una revisión bibliográfica utilizando las palabras clave en términos MeSH; hasta el 1° de junio del 2018, se encontraron 83 artículos de referencia considerados como pertinentes. Resultados. La remisión de la diabetes mellitus de tipo 2 lograda por procedimientos quirúrgicos, depende de complejas interacciones entre la microbiota, los ácidos biliares y el epitelio intestinal, más que de procesos ma- labsortivos o restrictivos. La bipartición de tránsito intestinal es una opción quirúrgica basada en los principios fisiológicos responsables en la remisión de la diabetes, y es la más sencilla y segura para el manejo de la diabetes mellitus. Conclusiones. La cirugía metabólica ofrece mejores tasas de remisión y control de complicaciones de la diabetes tipo 2 al modificar la secreción de enterohormonas, la concentración e interacciones de los ácidos biliares y al modificar la microbiota.
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- 2019
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5. Tratamento farmacológico da obesidade: passado, presente e futuro.
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Bruno Geloneze
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Obesidade ,diabetes ,incretinas ,anorexígenos ,hipotálamo ,Medicine (General) ,R5-920 - Abstract
O tratamento da obesidade deve ser baseado na percepção de que a obesidade é uma enfermidade crônica, neuroquímica e recidivante. Sendo assim, a combinação de eficácia, sustentabilidade de longo prazo e perfil de segurança de excelência devem nortear a utilização dos medicamentos disponíveis assim como das novas moléculas vindouras. No momento, a liraglutida parece ser a mais completa droga para a obesidade como doença crônica, mas certamente deverá ser superada pelos novos peptídeos de múltiplo agonismo e/ou pela combinação de várias medicações ainda não disponíveis em baixas dosagens para pacientes precisa e individualmente selecionados.
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- 2019
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6. NUEVOS FÁRMACOS EN DIABETES MELLITUS
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DRA. Carmen Gloria Aylwin H.
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Diabetes mellitus tipo 2 ,fármacos antidiabéticos ,incretinas ,agonistas del péptido similar al glucagón tipo 1 (AR-GLP1) ,inhibidores de la dipeptidil peptidasa 4 (IDPP-4) ,glucosúricos ,inhibidores de los cotransportadores de la bomba de sodio - glucosa Tipo 2 (ISGLT2) ,Medicine - Abstract
Por más de 60 años se dispuso solo de tres grupos farmacológicos para el tratamiento de la diabetes mellitus (DM): la insulina, la metformina y las sulfonilureas. Sin embargo, en los últimos años y como consecuencia de los avances en el conocimiento de la patogenia de la DM2 se han desarrollado nuevos fármacos con novedosos mecanismos de acción y con diferentes perfiles de seguridad, entre ellos los compuestos con efecto incretina y los glucosúricos que actúan en los trastornos a nivel intestinal y renal presentes en la DM2. La disponibilidad de múltiples opciones terapéuticas está produciendo profundos cambios en la terapia farmacológica de la DM2. Se logran enfoques terapéuticos más fisiopatológicos pero sobre todo permiten un manejo más personalizado y ajustado a las características y riesgos individuales de los pacientes, privilegiando junto al control glicémico, la seguridad terapéutica. En esta revisión se analizarán los nuevos fármacos con efecto incretina, los agonistas del péptido similar al glucagón tipo 1 (AR-GLP1) e inhibidores de la dipeptidil peptidasa 4 (IDPP-4), y los inhibidores de los cotransportadores sodio-glucosa tipo 2 (ISLGT2) que aumentan la excreción renal de glucosa.
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- 2016
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7. Manejo de diabetes mellitus tipo 2 con análogos GLP-1: una experiencia real
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Eduardo José Polanía, Guillermo E. Guzmán, Veline Martínez Calvache, Karen Fériz, Carolina García, Alisson Tabares, and Natalia Pardo
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análogos de GLP-1 ,diabetes mellitus tipo 2 ,incretinas ,Diseases of the endocrine glands. Clinical endocrinology ,RC648-665 - Abstract
Introducción: La diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2) es un problema sanitario importante en la actualidad, con alta morbilidad, mortalidad, costos directos e indirectos. Nuevas estrategias de manejo se han implementado para disminuir su impacto. Este estudio describe la experiencia del manejo con análogos GLP-1. Métodos: Estudio retrospectivo, descriptivo, de pacientes con diagnóstico de DM2 en manejo con análogos GLP-1. Se describieron características clínicas al inicio de la terapia y control entre 3 -y 6 meses. Resultados: De 69 pacientes, 55,1% eran mujeres, con edad promedio 57,1 años. La mediana de duración de DM2 fue 13 años. Se encontró reducción significativa del peso 3 kg (p=0,00), HbA1c 1,7% (p=0), glucemia en ayunas 41 mg/dL (p=0), colesterol total 14 mg/dL (p=0,0069) y triglicéridos 38 mg/dL (p=0,0247). No se presentaron cambios significativos en la tensión arterial, colesterol HDL y LDL. Conclusión: Los análogos GLP-1 en pacientes con DM2 generan mejoría significativa en control glucémico, peso y colesterol. Es necesario un seguimiento a largo plazo para determinar mantenimiento del control glucémico, pérdida de peso e impacto en el riesgo cardiovascular.
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- 2018
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8. DETECÇÃO IMUNOHISTOQUÍMICA DE CÉLULAS L NA MUCOSA DO TRATO GASTROINTESTINAL DE PACIENTES APÓS TRATAMENTO CIRÚRGICO PARA CONTROLE DE DIABETES MELLITUS TIPO 2
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Priscila Costa ESTABILE, Mara Cristina de ALMEIDA, Eduardo Bauml CAMPAGNOLI, Marco Aurelio SANTO, Marcos Ricardo da Silva RODRIGUES, Fábio Quirillo MILLÉO, and Roberto Ferreira ARTONI
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Mucous Membrane ,Bariatric Surgery ,Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 ,General Medicine ,Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 ,Peptídeo 1 Semelhante ao Glucagon ,Incretins ,Gastrointestinal Tract ,Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ,Mice ,L Cells ,Cirurgia Bariátrica ,Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ,Obesidade ,Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 ,Animals ,Humans ,Obesity ,Incretinas - Abstract
BACKGROUND: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a disease of global impact that has led to an increase in comorbidities and mortality in several countries. Immunoexpression of the incretin hormones such as glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and peptide YY (3-36) (PYY3-36) can be used as a scorer in the gastrointestinal tract to analyze L-cell activity in response to T2DM treatment. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the presence, location, and secretion of L cells in the small intestine of patients undergoing the form of bariatric surgery denominated adaptive gastroenteromentectomy with partial bipartition. METHODS: Immunohistochemical assays, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), and Western blot analysis were performed on samples of intestinal mucosa from patients with T2DM in both the preoperative and postoperative periods. RESULTS: All results were consistent and indicated basal expression and secretion of GLP-1 and PYY3-36 incretins by L cells. A greater density of cells was demonstrated in the most distal portions of the small intestine. No significant difference was found between GLP-1 and PYY3-36 expression levels in the preoperative and postoperative periods because of prolonged fasting during which the samples were collected. CONCLUSION: The greater number of L cells in activity implies better peptide signaling, response, and functioning of the neuroendocrine system. RESUMO - RACIONAL: O diabetes tipo 2 (DM2) é uma doença de impacto mundial que tem levado ao aumento de comorbidades e mortalidade em vários países. A imunoexpressão dos hormônios incretínicos glp-1 e pyy3-36, pode ser usada como marcador no trato gastrointestinal para analisar a atividade da célula L em resposta ao tratamento do DM2. OBJETIVO: O presente estudo teve como objetivo investigar a presença, localização e secreção de células L no intestino delgado de pacientes submetidos à forma de cirurgia bariátrica denominada gastroenteromentectomia adaptativa com bipartição parcial. MÉTODOS: Ensaios imunohistoquímicos, reação quantitativa em cadeia de polimerase em tempo real (qPCR) e análise de manchas ocidentais foram realizados em amostras de mucosa intestinal de pacientes com diabetes tipo 2 nos períodos pré- e pós-operatório. RESULTADOS: Todos os resultados foram consistentes e indicaram expressão basal e secreção de peptídeos glucagon-1 (GLP-1) e peptídeos YY (PYY3-36) incretinas por células L. Uma maior densidade de células foi demonstrada nas porções mais distais do intestino delgado. Não foi encontrada diferença significativa entre os níveis de expressão GLP-1 e PYY3-36 nos períodos pré-operatório e pós-operatório, provavelmente devido ao estado de jejum prolongado durante o qual as amostras foram coletadas CONCLUSÃO: O maior número de células L em atividade implica melhor sinalização de peptídeo, resposta e funcionamento do sistema neuroendócrino.
- Published
- 2022
9. Effects of a high-fat meal on postprandial incretin responses, appetite scores and ad libitum energy intake in women with obesity.
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Penaforte, Fernanda R. O., Japur, Camila C., Diez-Garcia, Rosa W., Chiarello, Paula G., and Penaforte, Fernanda Rodrigues O
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OBESITY in women , *INCRETINS , *GLUCAGON-like peptide 1 , *APPETITE , *FOOD consumption , *HIGH-fat diet , *OBESITY & psychology , *DIET , *FAT content of food , *INGESTION , *OBESITY , *SATISFACTION , *TRIGLYCERIDES , *BODY mass index - Abstract
Background: Considering the possible role of triglycerides (TG), glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) in the regulation of appetite, this study aimed to compare high fat meal-induced response of GIP and GLP-1, appetite scores and ad libitum energy intake in women with obesity, according to postprandial increment in triglyceridemia (∆TG). Methods: Thirty-three no-diabetic women (BMI = 35.0 ± 3.2 kg.m-2) were divided into two groups: Group with ∆TG ≤ median were called "Low TG change -LTG" and ∆TG > median, "High TG change - HTG". Plasma concentrations of GIP, GLP-1 and appetite sensations were measured prior to, and every 30 min for 180 min after ingestion of a high-fat breakfast. An ad libitum lunch was served 3 h after the test meal.Results: The AUC incrementalGIP were significant lower in HTG vs. LTG group (p = 0.03). The same was observed for GIP levels at 150 min (p = 0.03) and at 180 min (p < 0.01). Satiety was lower in HTG at 120 min (p = 0.03) and 150 min (p < 0.01). The AUC totalGLP1 were similar between groups and there were no between-group differences for the GLP-1 at each time point. Ad libitum food intake were also similar between groups.Conclusions: The HTG group exhibited differences in satiety scores and lower postprandial secretion of GIP, however with no impact on ad libitum food intake in short term. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2017
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10. Las incretinas: nueva alternativa terapéutica para el control glucometabólico de la diabetes mellitus de tipo 2 Incretins: a new therapeutic alternative for the glycometabolic control of the type 2 diabetes mellitus
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Yaily Lazo Roblejo and Danneris Lores Delgado
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diabetes mellitus de tipo 2 ,incretinas ,control glucometabólico ,péptido relacionado al glucagón 1 ,dipeptidil peptidasa 4 ,type 2 diabetes mellitus ,incretins ,glycometabolic control ,glucagon-related peptide1 ,dipeptidyl peptidase-4 ,Medicine (General) ,R5-920 ,Internal medicine ,RC31-1245 - Abstract
Actualmente existen tratamientos más novedosos para controlar, de forma transitoria, los niveles de glucemia de la mayoría de los pacientes con diabetes mellitus de tipo 2. Entre dichos agentes terapéuticos están aquellos que reproducen o potencian el efecto de las incretinas como los fármacos agonistas del péptido relacionado al glucagón 1 y los inhibidores de la enzima dipeptidil peptidasa 4, los cuales presentan ventajas como la eliminación de manifestaciones de hipoglucemia y el efecto neutro o la disminución del peso corporal. No obstante, con el transcurso del tiempo se aportarán datos clínicos concluyentes que demuestren su efectividad.There are now newer treatments to control temporarily the blood glucose levels of most patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Among these therapeutic agents are those that replicate or potentiate the effect of incretins as agonists of glucagon-related peptide-1 and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors, which have advantages such as eliminating manifestations of hypoglycemia and neutral effect or decreased body weight. Nevertheless, conclusive clinical data that demonstrate their effectiveness will be provided over time.
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- 2012
11. Stress hyperglycaemia in critically ill patients: Potential role of incretin hormones; a preliminary study Hiperglucemia de estrés en el paciente crítico: papel potencial de las incretinas; estudio preliminar
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J. A. Llompart-Pou, A. G. Fernández-de-Castillo, B. Burguera, J. Pérez-Bárcena, P. Marsé, M. Rodríguez-Yago, A. Barceló, and J. M.ª Raurich
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Hiperglucemia de estrés ,Incretinas ,Polipéptido insulinotropo dependiente de glucosa ,Péptido-1 de tipo glucagón ,Pacientes críticos ,Stress hyperglycaemia ,Incretins ,Glucosedependent insulinotropic polypeptide ,Glucagon-like peptide-1 ,Critically ill patients ,Nutritional diseases. Deficiency diseases ,RC620-627 - Abstract
Background: Stress hyperglycaemia is common in the intensive care unit (ICU) setting and has been related to a worst outcome. Objective: The objective was to characterize the association of glucoregulatory hormones, mainly incretins, with the levels of glycaemia, and its relationship with outcome in ICU patients. Methods: We prospectively studied 60 patients. Stress hyperglycaemia was diagnosed when glycaemia was < 115 mg/dL. At ICU admission we determined glycaemia, insulin, glucagon, cortisol, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) plasma levels. Groups were compared using Kruskal-Wallis test. The association between glycaemia levels and glucoregulatory hormones was evaluated using linear regression. Results: Forty-five patients (75%) had hyperglycaemia. We observed no differences in glucoregulatory hormones levels between normo- and hyper- glycaemia groups. Glycaemia levels were not significantly correlated with insulin, glucagon, cortisol or GIP levels, but were correlated with GLP-1 (p = 0.04). GLP-1 was also correlated with cortisol (p = 0.01), but failed to show a significant correlation with insulin, glucagon or GIP levels. Lower levels of plasma GLP-1 were found in patients with stress hyperglycaemia requiring vasoactive support (p = 0.02). Conclusions: Glycaemia levels were correlated with GLP-1 levels in ICU patients. GLP-1 levels were also associated with cortisol. Patients with stress hyperglycaemia who required vasoactive support had lower incretin levels compared with those patients with stress hyperglycaemia who were hemodynamically stables. (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01087372).Antecedentes: La hiperglucemia de estrés es habitual en el contexto de la Unidad de cuidados intensivos (UCI) y se ha relacionado con un peor pronóstico. Objetivo: el objetivo fue caracterizar la asociación de hormonas glucorreguladoras, principalmente las incretinas, con las glucemias y su relación con el pronóstico de los pacientes de UCI. Métodos: Estudiamos de forma prospectiva a 60 pacientes. La hiperglucemia de estrés se diagnosticaba cuando la glucemia era < 115 mg/dl. En el ingreso en la UCI, determinamos la glucemia y las concentraciones plasmáticas de insulina, glucagón, cortisol, polipéptido insulinotropo dependiente de glucosa (GIP) y péptido-1 de tipo glucagón (GLP-1). Se compararon los grupos mediante la prueba de Kruskal-Wallis. La asociación entre las glucemias y las hormonas contrarreguladoras se evaluó mediante regresión linear. Resultados: 45 pacientes (75%) tenían hiperglucemia. No observamos diferencias en las concentraciones de hormonas glucorreguladoras entre los grupos de normo e hiperglucemia. Las glucemias no se correlacionaron de forma significativa con las concentraciones de insulina, glucagón, cortisol o GIP, pero sí con el GLP-1 (p = 0,04). El GLP-1 también se correlacionó con el cortisol (p = 0,01), pero no consiguió mostrar una correlación significativa con las concentraciones de insulina, glucagón o GIP. Se encontraron menores concentraciones plasmáticas de GLP-1 en los pacientes con hiperglucemia de estrés que requerían soporte vasoactivo (p = 0,02). Conclusiones: las glucemias se correlacionaron con las concentraciones de GLP-1 en los pacientes en UCI . Las concentraciones de GLP-1 también se asociaron con el cortisol. Los pacientes con hiperglucemia de estrés que necesitaron soporte vasoactivo tenían menores concentraciones de incretina en comparación con aquellos con hiperglucemia de estrés con estabilidad hemodinámica (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01087372).
- Published
- 2012
12. Nutrient-mediated modulation of incretin gene expression: a systematic review Modulación de la expresión de genes de incretinas mediada por nutrientes: revisión sistemática
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R. Martínez-Rodríguez and A. Gil
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Incretinas ,Regulación de la expresión génica ,Proteínas Wnt ,Glicosilación ,Gene expression regulation ,Wnt proteins ,Glycosylation ,Nutritional diseases. Deficiency diseases ,RC620-627 - Abstract
Incretins are a cluster of hormones which are secreted and released into the bloodstream after food intake by gut enteroendocrine cells, reaching to pancreas where produce a potentiating effect on insulin release. The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review of incretins gene expression mediated by nutrients using specific search equations in the PubMed database. The two most relevant incretins are GLP-1 and GIP, which come from proglucagon and proGIP precursor respectively. GLP-1 is mainly synthesized and released by ileum and colon L cells, in contrast to GIP which does it by K cells in duodenum and proximal jejunum. It has been shown that canonical Wnt signalling pathway is closely related to the production of these hormones, since transcription factor TCF7L2 affects proglucagon and proGIP gene expression in L and K enteroendocrine cells. On the other hand, it has been shown that the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway can produce N-linked glycosylation of -catenin, an essential component of canonical Wnt signalling. This process hinders β-catenin phosphorylation and, thereby prevents proteasome degradation. Increasing glucose concentration enhances the hexosamine pathway and thus β-catenin glycosylation. This causes a β-catenin cytoplasmic accumulation allowing entry into nucleus, where it exerts its action by binding to a clump of molecules and transcription factors, allowing to express the target genes, including the incretin hormones. There is also evidence that glucose, through the hexosamine pathway, can induces autocrine activation of Wnt signalling pathway by stimulating secretion of Wnt proteins.Las incretinas son una serie de hormonas que tras una ingesta de alimentos son secretadas y liberadas al torrente sanguíneo por células enteroendocrinas del intestino, llegando al páncreas, donde producen un efecto potenciador en la liberación de insulina. El objetivo de este trabajo ha sido realizar una revisión sistemática de la modulación de la expresión génica de las incretinas mediada por nutrientes utilizando ecuaciones específicas de búsqueda en la base de datos PubMed. Las dos incretinas más relevantes son el péptido análogo al glucagón 1 (GLP-1) y el péptido insulinotrópico dependiente de glucosa (GIP), que provienen de los precursores proglucagón y proGIP, respectivamente. GLP-1 es mayoritariamente sintetizado y secretado por las células L del íleon y del colon, a diferencia de GIP que lo hace por las células K de duodeno y yeyuno proximal. Se ha demostrado que la ruta canónica de señalización Wnt está estrechamente relacionada con la producción de estas hormonas, ya que el factor de transcripción TCF7L2 influye en la expresión génica de proglucagón y proGIP en células enteroendocrinas L y K. Por otra parte, se ha demostrado que la ruta biosintética de las hexosaminas es capaz de glicosilar la β-catenina, componente fundamental de la señalización canónica Wnt, lo que interfiere en la fosforilación de esta proteína, impidiendo así su degradación en el proteasoma. El aumento de la concentración de glucosa incrementa la ruta de las hexosaminas y de esta manera la glicosilación de la β-catenina. Esto produce una acumulación de esta proteína en el citoplasma celular y permite su entrada al núcleo, donde ejerce su acción al unirse a una serie de moléculas y factores de transcripción, permitiendo de este modo que se expresen los genes diana, entre los que se encuentran los de las hormonas incretinas. También hay evidencias de que la glucosa, a través de la ruta de las hexosaminas, es capaz de inducir la activación autocrina de la ruta de señalización Wnt estimulando la secreción de proteínas Wnt.
- Published
- 2012
13. Aplicación clínica de los inhibidores de dipeptidil peptidasa IV en diabetes mellitus tipo 2
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Aguirre-Rodriguez, Anderson, Abanto-Mercado, Nicolle, Acosta-Alva, Ingrid, Aguilar-Carranza, Diego, Aguilar-Córdova, Dennis, and Plasencia-Alvarez, Jorge
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tratamiento ,incretinas ,Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 ,Inhibidores de la Dipeptidil-Peptidasa IV - Abstract
La diabetes mellitus tipo 2 es un trastorno metabólico caracterizado por resistencia a la insulina e hiperglucemia. Como parte de la terapia farmacológica, se ha venido incluyendo medicamentos conocidos como inhibidores de la enzima dipeptidil peptidasa-IV, puesto que la actividad de esta enzima se encuentra incrementada en pacientes diabéticos. Con la inhibición competitiva reversible de la enzima, se evita la hidrólisis de sus sustratos, principalmente las incretinas endógenas GLP-1 y GIP, secretadas a nivel del intestino delgado en respuesta a la ingesta de alimentos. De esta manera se potencia su efecto incretina, basado principalmente en el control glucémico a través de la disminución de secreción de glucagón, aumento de respuesta insulínica y estimulación de crecimiento celular a nivel pancreático. Se realizó esta revisión bibliográfica con el objetivo de actualizar los conocimientos sobre el uso clínico de los inhibidores de dipeptidil peptidasa-IV, analizando la farmacocinética, farmacodinámica, efectividad clínica y seguridad de los principales inhibidores de esta enzima, empleados como tratamiento en pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2, una enfermedad de prevalencia creciente en la actualidad, frecuente en adultos, y cada vez más común en grupos más jóvenes.
- Published
- 2021
14. Efecto incretina en el tratamiento de la diabetes mellitus tipo 2
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Manuel de Jesús Díaz Pérez, Jorge Luís Hernández Alfonso, and Yareanna Del Rosario Vega
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incretinas ,diabetes mellitus/complicaciones ,Medicine ,Medicine (General) ,R5-920 - Abstract
El efecto incretina está dado por las funciones del polipéptido insulinotrópico dependiente de glucosa y un péptido similar a glucagón sobre la hiperglucemia en el organismo humano. Desde su descubrimiento ha cobrado un papel cada vez más significativo en la elaboración de nuevos fármacos normoglucemiantes, que logren el control metabólico de los pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2. El objetivo de esta revisión es actualizar la información sobre el efecto incretina, su relación con la diabetes mellitus tipo 2, los fármacos cuyo mecanismo de acción se basa en este fenómeno fisiológico, así como las perspectivas para el futuro inmediato en este tema. Para ello se realizó una revisión bibliográfica, empleando servicios disponibles desde la red Infomed, específicamente: SciELO, Hinari, PubMed y EBSCO. Se resumen aspectos del sustrato fisiológico y fisiopatológico del efecto incretina y su aplicación en la terapéutica de los pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2, así como los resultados positivos que se han logrado hasta el momento en este campo
- Published
- 2015
15. A IMPORTÂNCIA DAS INCRETINAS NO TRATAMENTO DO DIABETES MELLITUS TIPO 2.
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CAMPOS, AMANDA MARTINS, DA SILVA, CÁSSIA REGINA, DE MATOS, VANIA ALVES, FIUZA BACELAR, LETÍCIA FRANÇA, and BACELAR JÚNIOR, ARILTON JANUÁRIO
- Abstract
Diabetes Mellitus type 2 has become a major public health problem in the world creating the need for research and development for more effective drugs on glycolic control that have minimal adverse effects. It was observed in the nineteenth century that some factors were synthesized by the intestinal mucosa through the ingestion of foods which stimulate the release of substances produced by the pancreas which are capable of reducing glucose levels in the blood. These factors were called incretins. The incretins are hormones produced by the gastrointestinal tract and released when there is a nutrient intake on its' arrival in the intestinal tract. Their release stimulates stimulates insulin secretions that contain GIP (Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide) and GLP-1 (the Glucagon-English likepeptide-1) hormones. For the treatment based on the new model based on the incretins, mimetic incretins have been created that are analogs and GLP-1 agonists, which exhibit similar pharmacological actions of GLP-1, reducing the levels in the glycosylated hemoglobin and postprandial glycerin. By fasting it reduces the glucagon release, allowing weight loss. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2015
16. El papel de los agonistas del receptor GLP-1 en el tratamiento de la diabetes melllitus tipo 2 y su repercusión en la pérdida de peso
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Llopis Almela, Núria, Sánchez Andrés, Juan Vicente, and Universitat Jaume I. Unitat Predepartamental de Medicina.
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hipoglucemia ,GLP-1 receptor agonists ,obesity ,diabetes mellitus tipo 2 ,type 2 diabetes mellitus ,Grado en Medicina ,incretinas ,agonistas del receptor GLP-1 ,glucagon-like peptide-1 ,Grau en Medicina ,Bachelor's Degree in Medicine ,obesidad ,incretins ,hypoglycaemia - Abstract
Treball Final de Grau en Medicina. Codi: MD1158. Curs acadèmic: 2020/2021 Introducción. La diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2) y la obesidad son dos de las patologías con mayor incidencia en nuestra sociedad y se encuentran muy relacionadas entre sí. El tratamiento actual de la DM2 ofrece un gran número de alternativas, pero los agonistas del receptor GLP-1 se postulan como una opción válida para pacientes que padezcan estas dos patologías. Con su mecanismo de acción, se consigue reducir la glucosa plasmática, pero solo en contextos de hiperglucemia. Además, producen un enlentecimiento del vaciado gástrico, lo que consigue una reducción del peso corporal. Aún así, su elevado coste y algunos de sus efectos adversos pueden poner en duda su impacto sobre el tratamiento de la DM2. Objetivo. Analizar el papel de los AR-GLP-1 en el tratamiento de la DM2 en personas que padecen obesidad y considerar los posibles efectos secundarios. Material y métodos. Se trata de una revisión sistemática en la que se han analizado en profundidad 18 artículos primarios, extraídos después de una búsqueda en las bases de datos PubMed, SciELO y Cochrane. Resultados. Se observó una disminución de la HbA1c, de la glucosa plasmática en ayunas y de la glucosa posprandial con el tratamiento con agonistas del receptor GLP-1 en diez artículos. Por otra parte, se ha podido constatar una reducción del peso corporal por acción de la ralentización del vaciado gástrico en siete artículos. Los efectos adversos más frecuentes de los AR-GLP-1 son los síntomas gastrointestinales (náuseas, vómitos y diarrea), y han aparecido en todos los fármacos de esta familia que se han examinado en esta revisión (en trece artículos se reporta la aparición de tales síntomas). Además, los síntomas gastrointestinales se proponen como la primera causa de interrupción del tratamiento. No se ha demostrado una reducción de las tasas de hipoglucemia con el tratamiento con AR-GLP-1 en seis de los artículos analizados. Conclusiones. Los agonistas del receptor GLP-1 se consideran una alternativa adecuada para el tratamiento de la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 en pacientes con obesidad, tras un mal control glucémico con otros tratamientos, por su efecto en la reducción de la HbA1c y la glucosa posprandial. Por otro lado, no se ha constatado una reducción de la tasa de hipoglucemias en contraste con otras de las terapias comparadas. Es necesario prolongar el tiempo de seguimiento establecido en los artículos analizados y estandarizar sus poblaciones, para poder elucidar conclusiones de una alta fiabilidad. Introduction. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) and obesity are two of the most prevalent diseases in our society and are closely related. Current treatment for DM2 offers a large number of alternatives, but GLP-1 receptor agonists are a valid option for patients suffering from these two diseases. Their mechanism of action reduces plasma glucose, but only in the context of hyperglycaemia. In addition, they slow down gastric emptying, leading to a reduction in body weight. However, their high cost and some of their adverse effects may call into question their impact on the treatment of DM2. Objective. To analyse the role of AR-GLP-1 in the treatment of DM2 in people suffering from obesity and to consider possible adverse effects. Material and methods. This is a systematic review in which 18 primary articles, extracted after a search of the PubMed, SciELO and Cochrane databases, were analysed in depth. Results. A decrease in HbA1c, fasting plasma glucose and postprandial glucose was observed with GLP-1 receptor analogue treatment in ten articles. In addition, a reduction in body weight due to the slowing of gastric emptying was observed in seven articles. The most common adverse effects of GLP-1-RAs are gastrointestinal symptoms (nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea), and they have been reported in all the drugs in this family examined in this review (thirteen articles report the occurrence of such symptoms). In addition, gastrointestinal symptoms are proposed as the first cause of treatment discontinuation. No reduction in hypoglycaemia rates with AR-GLP-1 treatment has been demonstrated in six of the articles reviewed. Conclusions. GLP-1 receptor analogues are considered a suitable alternative for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus in patients with obesity, after poor glycaemic control with other treatments, because of their effect in reducing HbA1c and postprandial glucose. On the other hand, no reduction in the rate of hypoglycaemia has been observed in contrast to other therapies compared. It is necessary to extend the follow-up time established in the articles analysed and to standardise their populations in order to draw highly reliable conclusions.
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- 2021
17. Comparação dos efeitos metabólicos da perda de peso induzida pela cirurgia bariátrica em pacientes com ou sem remissão de longa data do diabetes tipo 2
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Hirsch, Fernanda Maria Possidonio Filgueira, 1979, Geloneze Neto, Bruno, Salles, João Eduardo Nunes, Coy, Claudio Saddy Rodrigues, Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Clínica Médica, and UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE CAMPINAS
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Bariatric surgery ,Diabetes mellitus ,Cirurgia bariátrica ,Diabetes ,Incretinas - Abstract
Orientador: Bruno Geloneze Neto Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas Resumo: O principal objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os mecanismos fisiopatológicos subjacentes às diferentes evoluções quanto à remissão do diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2) após a gastroplastia com reconstrução em Y-de-Roux (RYGB). Métodos: Um grupo de pacientes com não-remissão do DM2 (NR) foi formado (n=13) baseado na revisão de prontuários de pacientes obesos mórbidos diagnosticados com DM2 submetidos ao RYGB. Um grupo remissão (R) foi composto por pacientes que tiveram normalização da glicemia e da A1c, sem drogas antidiabéticas e pareados para as mesmas características (i.e., duração da doença, IMC prévio e final, distribuição de gordura, e idade; n=15). Um grupo controle foi formado por pacientes magros (n=41). Resultados: O grupo NR apresentou maiores níveis de ácido úrico (5.1 vs. 3.9 mg/dL), número de leucócitos (6866.9 vs. 5423.6), PCR-us (0.27 vs. 0.12 mg/dL), MCP-1 (118.4 vs. 64.4 ng/mL), HOMA-IR e AUCglicose, mas níveis menores de adiponectina (9.4 vs. 15.4 ng/mL), leptina (12.7 vs. 20.7 ng/mL) e AUCGLP-1 em comparação com o grupo R; o grupo NR também teve menor leptina e maior adiponectina, HOMA-IR, AUCglicose, AUCpeptídeo-C, AUCglucagon e AUCGLP-1 que o grupo controle. O grupo R apresentou menor nível de MCP-1 e maior de adiponectina em relação ao grupo controle. A sensibilidade à insulina foi significantemente menor no grupo NR que nos grupos R e controle. Os índices de secreção de insulina foram menores no grupo NR que nos grupos R e controle. Conclusão: Este estudo demonstrou que pacientes sem remissão do DM2 após RYGB apresentam maior resistência à insulina, menor secreção de insulina, adiposopatia e inflamação subclínica crônica persistentes apesar de perda de peso semelhante. Mecanismos fisiopatológicos persistentemente alterados podem explicar a não remissão do DM2 após RYGB Abstract: Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the remission of type 2 diabetes in Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) patients. Research Design and Methods: A group of patients not in remission (NR) was formed (n=13). A remission group (R) was composed of patients who had undergone normalization of fasting glycemia and A1c, without anti-diabetic drugs and matched for selected baseline characteristics (i.e., duration of disease, previous BMI, final BMI, fat distribution, and age; n=15). A control group of lean subjects (n=41) was formed. Results: The NR group had higher uric acid (5.1 vs. 3.9 mg/dL), number of leukocytes (6866.9 vs. 5423.6), hs-CRP (0.27 vs. 0.12 mg/dL), MCP-1 (118.4 vs. 64.4 ng/mL), HOMA-IR and AUCglucose but lower adiponectin (9.4 vs. 15.4 ng/mL), leptin (12.7 vs. 20.7 ng/mL) and AUCGLP-1 in comparison to R group; NR group also had lower leptin and higher adiponectin, HOMA-IR, AUCglucose, AUCC-peptide, AUCglucagon and AUCGLP-1 than controls. The R group had lower MCP-1 and higher adiponectin compared to controls. Insulin sensitivity was significantly lower in the NR group than in the R and control groups.The insulin secretion index values were lower in the NR group than in the R and control groups. Conclusions: This study found greater insulin resistance, lower insulin secretion, persistent adiposopathy and chronic subclinical inflammation and less robust incretin response in NR group despite a similar level of weight loss. Persistently altered pathophysiological mechanisms can be related to the lack of remission of type 2 diabetes after RYGB Mestrado Clínica Médica Mestre em Clínica Médica
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- 2021
18. Comportamiento del eje entero-insular en una poblacion deportista; influencia de la dieta y el ejercido.
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Rodríguez, Carmen, Quezada-Feijoo, Maribel, Toro, Carmen, Barón-Esquivias, Gonzalo, Segura, Eduardo, Mangas, Alipio, and Toro, Rocío
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ATHLETES' health , *EXERCISE , *DIET , *GHRELIN , *INCRETINS , *GLUCAGON - Abstract
Introduction: The relationship between physical exercise and appetite regulation can lead to improved competitive performance of athletes. Mediators of the entero-insular axis generate neurohumoral signals that influence on the appetite regulation and energy homeostasis. AIM: Determine the influence of diet and prolonged exercise on intestinal peptide, ghrelin, resistin, leptin, and incretins (GLP-1 and GIP) in an athlete population. Methods: It is a prospective intervention study, conducted from October 2012 to March 2013. 32 healthy semiprofessional rugby players, aged 13-39 years were included. Anthropometric measurements and blood samples were taken at time 0 and after six months of study. Athletes were randomized to a protein diet (I'D) or Mediterranean diet (MD) and plasma levels of intestinal peptide, ghrelin, resistin, leptin, and incretins were calculated. Results: In the PI) group, GLP-1 and GIP plasmatic levels showed a significant decrease (p <0.03; p <0.01 respectively). GLP-1 and ghrelin plasmatic concentration demonstrated a significant decrease (p <0.03 respectively) in those who experienced gain of muscle mass (MM). Finally, the athletes related to the PD who showed increased total weight and muscle mass presented significantly decreased GLP-1 concentration (p <0.03 and p<0.002, respectively). Conclusion: GLP-1 plasmatic concentration was decreased, with the PI) suggesting to be more beneficial for the athletes in order to avoid hypoglycemia. Furthermore, muscle mass and total weight gain, linked to the PD, could enhance athletic performance in certain sport modalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2015
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19. Efecto de liraglutida en pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 no controlada con hipoglucemiantes orales.
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Castro-Sansores, Carlos J., Franco-Marín, Ana Cristina, and Martínez-Díaz, Germán
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TYPE 2 diabetes treatment , *GLUCAGON-like peptide-1 agonists , *HYPOGLYCEMIC agents , *GLYCOSYLATED hemoglobin , *INCRETINS , *SAFETY - Abstract
Background: In patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus the "incretin effect" is present, but greatly reduced compared to those without this disease. The liraglutide is a GLP-1 analogous, which has been shown in studies to have beneficial effects on blood glucose concentrations. Objective: To determine the effect of liraglutide on the hyperglycemia of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, which were not controlled and were treated with at least two oral hypoglycemic agents. Material and method: A pre-experimental, longitudinal, prospective, observational and analytical study was conducted in outpatient attended in a clinic of Internal Medicine of a tertiary hospital in Merida, Yucatan, Mexico. Adult patients between 20 and 70 years old were included, previously diagnosed with T2DM, with more than five years of evolution and glycosylated hemoglobin levels greater than 7% despite treatment with at least two oral hypoglycemic. Parametric variables were expressed as frequencies and percentages. The analysis of continuous variables was expressed as mean values and standard deviation. Pre and post-test variables were compared and a value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results. A total of 30 patients, 16 (51.6%) women and 14 (45.2%) men with a mean age of 50.4 (38-68) years were studied. The average HbA1c achieved a reduction of 1.8% in twelve weeks of treatment with liraglutide (9.7 to 7.9%), this result was statistically significant (p <0.0001). Conclusion: Liraglutide demonstrated beneficial effects in the control of diabetic patients and contributed to the improvement of other factors such as overweight and hypertension, and may give way to larger studies in number of patients and longer period of time, to demonstrate the effects of liraglutide in the short, medium and long term. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2015
20. PERSPECTIVAS DE PERDA DE PESO COM O USO DE LIRAGLUTIDA: REVISÃO DA LITERATURA.
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CONTE, SUÉLYN CAROLINA and DE CAMPOS, SIMONE BOLONHEIS
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Liraglutide is an analog of GLP-1 hormone, which is released from the gastrointestinal tract with the aim of increasing insulin secretion by pancreatic beta cells. GLP-1 significantly enhances insulin secretion in a glucose-dependent manner, decreases glucagon secretion, delays gastric emptying, and decreases the appetite, acting on its receptor. Liraglutide is used in the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who have not achieved adequate glycemic control with other measures. This drug has appetite reduction as one of its effects. Consequently, the weight loss in patients who are on medication use aroused the interest of individuals without diabetes who began using it as slimming drug. Therefore, this article aims to discuss the effect and implications generated by the use of liraglutide on weight loss in patients without diabetes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2014
21. Impactos do tratamento com liraglutida na progressão da doença renal crônica em pacientes com diabetes mellitus tipo 2 / Impacts of treatment with liraglutide on the progression of chronic kidney disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
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Vale, Vitor Augusto Lima do, Santos, Gustavo Mariano Rodrigues, Freitas, Amália Assis de, Araruna, Caio Cesar Rodrigues Leite, Dornelas, Emanuel Henrique Barros, Miranda, Gabriel Salgado Fernandes de, Costa, Gabriela Basso Pedro Cavalcante, Assis, Júlia Argolo, Tarnopolsky, Liana, and Sousa, Melina Bequer de
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Insuficiência Renal Crônica ,Liraglutida ,Diabetes Mellitus ,Albuminúria ,Liraglutida, Insuficiência Renal Crônica, Diabetes Mellitus, Incretinas, Albuminúria ,Incretinas - Abstract
INTRODUÇÃO: A doença renal diabética é uma importante complicação decorrente da diabetes mellitus tipo 2. O estudo visa analisar o impacto da utilização da liraglutida, um fármaco agonista de GLP-1, no controle desse agravo. METODOLOGIA: Foi realizada uma revisão narrativa baseada em artigos encontrados entre os anos 2016 e 2020, nas bases de dados LILACS e PubMed, por meio de consulta ao DeCs, através dos descritores: GLP-1, liraglutide, diabetes mellitus e kidney chronic disease. RESULTADOS: Foram selecionadas 9 publicações para serem utilizadas como referencial para este artigo. DISCUSSÃO: Estudos estão sendo realizados a fim de identificar medicamentos que controlam a glicemia e sejam eficazes na preservação da função renal, assim evidenciou-se a Liraglutida. O fármaco apresentou bons resultados sobre o controle glicêmico, mostrando-se mais eficaz em relação a outros medicamentos. Além disso, foram evidenciados resultados positivos sobre o controle da obesidade e da pressão arterial, sendo esses fatores contribuintes para diminuir a progressão da doença renal diabética. Importante ressaltar também a atuação da liraglutida no sistema renal, reduzindo o declínio da taxa de filtração glomerular e os valores de albuminúria. CONCLUSÃO: A liraglutida se mostrou eficiente na redução da progressão da doença renal crônica em pacientes diabéticos tipo 2.
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- 2020
22. Una nueva técnica quirúrgica focalizada en el estudio del íleon: la transposición preduodenal del íleon
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J Arturo Prada-Oliveira, Jesús M Salas-Álvarez, Alejandra Moreno-Arciniegas, Gonzalo Perez-Arana, David Almorza-Gomar, Francisco Javier Campos-Martinez, Alonso Camacho-Ramírez, Anatomía y Embriología Humana, Cirugía, and Estadística e Investigación Operativa
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Malabsorption syndromes ,Incretines ,business.industry ,Diabetes ,Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ,Physiology ,Ileum ,Carbohydrate metabolism ,Pylorus ,medicine.disease ,Cirugía metabólica ,Páncreas ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Bolus (medicine) ,Diabetes mellitus ,medicine ,Surgery ,Metabolic surgery ,Síndromes malabsortivos ,business ,Pancreas ,Incretinas ,Glycemic ,Hormone - Abstract
Aims: Our main goal is to study the effects on the carbohydrate metabolism. Thus, we designed various experimental surgical models on healthy non-obese Wistar rats to reproduce several conditions. In this sense, we report a new experimental model. It is well known that bariatric surgery has important effects on the control of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. The underlying reasons are yet unknown, although the different theories focused in the release of different hormones after the pass of the nutrients through the tract. These released hormones have opposite effects that come together in a balanced glycemic metabolism. Materials and methods: After bariatric surgical techniques, the modified anatomy resulted in an imbalance of the secreted hormones. Wistar rats were randomized in two groups Sham and surgical group. Our model consisted on the transposition of the terminal ileum right after the pylorus. Weight gain, food intake, and basal glycemia were measured weekly. Results: We did not obtain significant differences between both groups for these functional variables. Conclusions: This technique involved an early pass of the bolus through the ileum. The change on the luminal pH, along with the lack of enzymes to absorb the content, or the changes in the release of several hormones must be variables to the study. The mortality rate was assumable considering it was an experimental model on animals., Objetivo: Crear un nuevo modelo quirúrgico experimental en ratas Wistar sanas no obesas para estudiar los efectos del metabolismo glucídico. Es bien sabido que las técnicas de cirugía bariátrica tienen un efecto importante sobre la resolución de la diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Se han invocado diferentes hipótesis, algunas centradas en el papel que tienen distintas hormonas secretadas por el propio tubo digestivo tras el paso de los nutrientes a su través, pero las razones últimas subyacentes permanecen desconocidas. El efecto contrapuesto de dichas hormonas consigue un efecto de control glucémico. El desequilibrio hormonal tras las alteraciones anatómicas de las cirugías bariátricas podría estar en la base de dicha mejora del metabolismo glucídico final. Material y métodos: Las ratas fueron operadas en dos grupos (control quirúrgico y experimental) y se procedió a disponerles el íleon anastomosado al antro pilórico, previo al esfínter pilórico. Medimos distintos parámetros funcionales (ganancia de peso, ingesta y glucemias semanales). Resultados: No obtuvimos diferencias significativas en la evolución de estos parámetros. Conclusiones: Este modelo será útil para nuestro propósito de estudiar el íleon, en su componente secretor de enterohormonas, cuando el paso de los nutrientes se produzca tempranamente. La mortalidad fue asumible, dada la innovación técnica realizada.
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- 2020
23. Renal effects of oral hypoglycemic agents derived from sulfonamides, incretins and SGLT2 inhibitors, in renovascular escape and alpha adrenergic stimulation in rabbits
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Farias, Jéssica Alves and Fonteles, Manassés Galdino
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Resistência Vascular ,Perfusão ,Incretinas ,Hipoglicemiantes - Abstract
The use of renal perfusion techniques has been shown to be advantageous, as it allows advances in the understanding of the tubular mechanisms of ion resorption in the renal system of several animal species. Because of this, the renal vascular system is the target of countless scientific studies about the vasoactive and reactive characteristics of substances that modulate some pathophysiology. In this sense, California rabbits, from the Cuniculture Department of Zootechnics of the Federal University of Ceará, were used in order to assess the renovascular effects and alpha adrenergic stimulation in normoglycemic animals, produced by oral hypoglycemic agents used clinically to control changes glucose levels of diabetes mellitus. The project was initiated after approval by the Ethics Committee on the Use of Animals of the Federal University of Ceará (CEUA-UFC) under number 9768280219 and the experiments were conducted according to the Brazilian legislation that regulates the use of animis in scientific experiments, as the Arouca Law 11974 of 2008. All oral antidiabetic substances used were prepared, diluted and added to the KH solution, for subsequent renal infusion, through the perfusion system. Several physiological parameters were evaluated in order to evaluate the effects of these oral antidiabetics in normal rabbits, in the perfused kidney, during α-adrenergic vascular interaction. Regarding the perfusion pressure, all groups showed a peak pressure higher than the control group with the addition of PHE, proving the interference of oral antidiabetics in the pressure levels of the renal perfusion system. However, only the group with the addition of empaglifozin was able to demonstrate the presence of the tachyphilatic effect, similar to that presented by the control group, exhibiting a drop in maximum blood pressure values throughout the entire experiment. All groups of oral hypoglycemic agents demonstrated vascular resistance greater than that of the control group with the addition of PHE, with the greatest resistance being the empaglifozin and glimepiride groups, this result being linked to the values of perfusion pressure and perfusate flow, due to the formula used to perform the calculation of this measure . On the other hand, the group with addition of gluclaside was the only group capable of overcoming the results presented by the control group with PHE infusion, in relation to the RFG. In addition to the glomerular filtration rate, gluclaside also demonstrated significant relevance in relation to osmolar clearance and free water clearance. A utilização de técnicas de perfusão renal tem se mostrado vantajosa, ao permitir o avanço no entendimento dos mecanismos tubulares de reabsorção de íons no sistema renal de diversas espécies animais. Por conta disso, o sistema vascular renal é alvo de inúmeros estudos científicos, acerca das características vasoativas e reativas a substâncias que modulam algumas fisiopatologias. Nesse sentido, foram utilizados coelhos Califórnia, provenientes da Cunicultura do Departamento de Zootecnia da Universidade Federal do Ceará, com o intuito de avaliar os efeitos renovasculares e a estimulação alfa adrenérgica, em animais normoglicêmicos, produzidos por agentes hipoglicemiantes orais utilizados clinicamente no controle de alterações glicêmicas da diabetes mellitus. O projeto foi iniciado após aprovação da Comissão de Ética no Uso de Animais da Universidade Federal do Ceará (CEUA-UFC) sob o número 9768280219 e os experimentos foram conduzidos de acordo com a legislação brasileira que regulamenta o uso de animis em experimentações científicas, conforme a Lei Arouca 11974 de 2008. Todas as substâncias antidiabéticas orais utilizadas foram preparadas, diluídas e adicionadas à solução de KH, para posterior infusão renal, através do sistema de perfusão. Vários parâmetros fisiológicos foram avaliados com o intuito de avaliar os efeitos desses antidiabéticos orais em coelhos normais, no rim perfundido, durante a interação vascular α-adrenérgica. Em relação à pressão de perfusão todos os grupos apresentaram pico pressórico superior ao grupo controle com adição de PHE, comprovando a interferência dos antidiabéticos orais nos níveis pressóricos do sistema de perfusão renal. Todavia, apenas o grupo com adição de empaglifozina foi capaz de demonstrar a presença do efeito taquifilático, semelhante ao apresentado pelo grupo controle, exibindo uma queda dos valores pressóricos máximos ao longo de todo o experimento Todos os grupos de hipoglicemiantes orais demonstraram valor de resistência vascular maior do que a do grupo controle com adição de PHE, sendo os de maiores resistências os grupos empaglifozina e glimepirida, estando este resultado atrelado aos valores da pressão de perfusão e ao fluxo do perfusato, devido à fórmula utilizada para a realização do cálculo desta medida. Em contrapartida, o grupo com adição de gliclasida foi o único grupo capaz de superar os resultados apresentados pelo grupo controle com infusão de PHE, em relação ao RFG. Além do ritmo de filtração glomerular, a gliclasida demonstrou ainda relevância significativa em relação ao clearance osmolar e ao clearance de água livre.
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- 2020
24. Effect of polyphenol-rich beverages made with Citrus and maqui fruits added with low-caloric sweeteners in overweight subjects
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Masoodi, Hedyeh, Zafrilla Rentero, Pilar, and Villaño Valencia, Débora
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Sucralosa ,Maqui ,Estudio Clínico ,Edulcorantes ,Saciedad ,Limón ,Incretinas - Abstract
En las últimas décadas se ha observado una ingesta excesiva de azúcares en las sociedades industrializadas, principalmente a través de bebidas azucaradas. Grandes estudios epidemiológicos demuestran una relación positiva entre el consumo de este tipo de bebidas y el riesgo de obesidad, diabetes y enfermedades cardiovasculares. Con la finalidad de reducir el contenido en azúcares manteniendo el sabor dulce y la palatabilidad de los alimentos existe una tendencia a buscar nuevas opciones a través de edulcorantes. No obstante, hay una cierta polémica en torno a estos aditivos ya que parece ser que contribuyen a una mayor ingesta calórica y sus efectos a largo plazo no son claros. Paralelamente a la búsqueda de alternativas saludables al alto consumo de bebidas azucaradas, existe una necesidad importante de aumentar el consumo de frutas y hortalizas en la población y desarrollar nuevas formulaciones que aumenten la vida útil de las frutas frescas, preserven los nutrientes y reduzcan el contenido energético de los zumos de frutas. El limón, con su agradable aroma y alto valor nutritivo, es una apuesta importante en la elaboración de bebidas. Su combinación con el fruto rojo maqui contribuye a estabilizar el color y los compuestos (poli)fenólicos que ambos contienen (principalmente flavanonas y antocianos). Se ha descrito además que los compuestos polifénolicos presentes en estos vegetales pueden tener efectos beneficiosos en la mejora de la tolerancia a la glucosa. Objetivos Este estudio tiene por objetivo principal evaluar el efecto a largo plazo del consumo de diferentes bebidas a base de frutas añadidas con diferentes tipos de edulcorantes sobre los biomarcadores de estrés oxidativo, inflamatorio y saciedad en sujetos con sobrepeso. Métodos Este estudio es un ensayo clínico de seguimiento, paralelo, aleatorio y triple ciego realizado en una población de sujetos con sobrepeso de la Región de Murcia, España. Se seleccionaron 138 voluntarios de ambos sexos de 35 a 55 años de edad, con sobrepeso, sanos y no fumadores. Se les proporcionó un cuestionario completo para evaluar su adhesión a la Dieta Mediterránea, así como sus hábitos de vida. Los participantes fueron estratificados por sexo, edad e IMC y asignados a un grupo de intervención. La intervención consistió en el consumo de una bebida (330 mL/día) durante 60 días, hecha con extracto de maqui y zumos de cítricos, adicionados con un tipo diferente de edulcorante (Stevia, Sucralosa, Sacarosa). El estado antioxidante se evaluó por el método ORAC, así como los niveles de LDL-oxidado y de homocisteína. Se midió el perfil glucémico y lipídico, así como los marcadores inflamatorios (IL-6, IL-10, proteína C reactiva). También se evaluaron los niveles de las hormonas de la saciedad, incluidas la leptina y la grelina. Resultados Los participantes mostraron una disminución significativa de la masa de grasa corporal (8%) cuando consumieron la bebida que contenía la stevia. En cuanto al estado antioxidante, observamos un aumento significativo en los niveles de homocisteína con la sucralosa y las bebidas de sucralosa, a diferencia de la stevia, que no cambió significativamente. Se observó un aumento significativo de la glucosa en ayunas con todas las bebidas, principalmente con el tratamiento de la Sucrosa, y un aumento en el HOMA-IR, siendo significativo con la Sucralosa y la Sacarosa y no con el tratamiento de la Stevia. Los voluntarios con valores basales de glucosa más altos parecían ser menos susceptibles al efecto de la bebida. Ni los triglicéridos ni el colesterol LDL cambiaron significativamente con ninguna bebida. El HDL aumentó significativamente con el tratamiento de la Sucralosa y en el caso del colesterol total, el aumento significativo se observó con la Sucrosa. La proteína C-reactiva aumentó significativamente con todos los tratamientos, principalmente con la Sucralosa (18% de Stevia, 29% de Sucralosa, 23% de Sacarosa), mientras que los cambios observados en la IL-6 no fueron significativos. La citoquina antiinflamatoria IL-10 aumentó, hasta 4 veces, después de la ingesta de la bebida añadida con la Stevia. En cuanto a las hormonas relacionadas con el metabolismo energético, después de la ingesta de las tres bebidas los niveles de leptina disminuyeron significativamente (-9 % con la Stevia, -11 % con la Sucralosa) mientras que no hubo cambios significativos en las concentraciones de grelina. Conclusiones Teniendo en cuenta los resultados obtenidos en nuestro ensayo clínico, principalmente sobre la resistencia a la insulina y las condiciones inflamatorias después de la ingesta de las diferentes bebidas, las pruebas no apoyan la recomendación de la ingesta de bebidas con edulcorantes bajos en calorías como alternativa a las bebidas endulzadas con azúcar. La identificación del mecanismo subyacente ayudará a diseñar estrategias de nutrición para mejorar la salud general, incluido el estudio de los cambios en la composición de la microbiota intestinal. Ciencias de la Alimentación
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- 2020
25. A novel surgical technique focused on the study of the ileum: The preduodenal ileal transposition
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Salas Álvarez, Jesús M., Campos Martínez, Francisco J., Moreno Arciniegas, Alejandra, Almorza Gomar, David, Pérez Arana, Gonzalo Martín, Prada Oliveira, José Arturo, Camacho Ramírez, Alonso, Anatomía y Embriología Humana, Cirugía, and Estadística e Investigación Operativa
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Blood Glucose ,Male ,Malabsorption syndromes ,Duodenum ,Bariatric Surgery ,Ocean Engineering ,Weight Gain ,Incretins ,Cirugía metabólica ,Eating ,Random Allocation ,Ileum ,Animals ,Rats, Wistar ,Síndromes malabsortivos ,Gastrointestinal Transit ,Pancreas ,Pylorus ,Incretinas ,Incretines ,Anastomosis, Surgical ,Diabetes ,Rats ,Páncreas ,Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ,Models, Animal ,Carbohydrate Metabolism ,Metabolic surgery - Abstract
Aims: Our main goal is to study the effects on the carbohydrate metabolism. Thus, we designed various experimental surgical models on healthy non-obese Wistar rats to reproduce several conditions. In this sense, we report a new experimental model. It is well known that bariatric surgery has important effects on the control of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. The underlying reasons are yet unknown, although the different theories focused in the release of different hormones after the pass of the nutrients through the tract. These released hormones have opposite effects that come together in a balanced glycemic metabolism. Materials and methods: After bariatric surgical techniques, the modified anatomy resulted in an imbalance of the secreted hormones. Wistar rats were randomized in two groups Sham and surgical group. Our model consisted on the transposition of the terminal ileum right after the pylorus. Weight gain, food intake, and basal glycemia were measured weekly. Results: We did not obtain significant differences between both groups for these functional variables. Conclusions: This technique involved an early pass of the bolus through the ileum. The change on the luminal pH, along with the lack of enzymes to absorb the content, or the changes in the release of several hormones must be variables to the study. The mortality rate was assumable considering it was an experimental model on animals. Objetivo: Crear un nuevo modelo quirúrgico experimental en ratas Wistar sanas no obesas para estudiar los efectos del metabolismo glucídico. Es bien sabido que las técnicas de cirugía bariátrica tienen un efecto importante sobre la resolución de la diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Se han invocado diferentes hipótesis, algunas centradas en el papel que tienen distintas hormonas secretadas por el propio tubo digestivo tras el paso de los nutrientes a su través, pero las razones últimas subyacentes permanecen desconocidas. El efecto contrapuesto de dichas hormonas consigue un efecto de control glucémico. El desequilibrio hormonal tras las alteraciones anatómicas de las cirugías bariátricas podría estar en la base de dicha mejora del metabolismo glucídico final. Material y métodos: Las ratas fueron operadas en dos grupos (control quirúrgico y experimental) y se procedió a disponerles el íleon anastomosado al antro pilórico, previo al esfínter pilórico. Medimos distintos parámetros funcionales (ganancia de peso, ingesta y glucemias semanales). Resultados: No obtuvimos diferencias significativas en la evolución de estos parámetros. Conclusiones: Este modelo será útil para nuestro propósito de estudiar el íleon, en su componente secretor de enterohormonas, cuando el paso de los nutrientes se produzca tempranamente. La mortalidad fue asumible, dada la innovación técnica realizada.
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- 2020
26. Comparação dos níveis de proteína C reativa, GLP-1 e GLP-2 entre indivíduos diabéticos, obesos mórbidos e controles saudáveis: um estudo exploratório
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José Carlos Pareja, Elinton Adami Chaim, Cláudio Saddy Rodrigues Coy, Everton Cazzo, and Daniéla Oliveira Magro
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Blood Glucose ,Male ,0301 basic medicine ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Type 2 diabetes ,Body Mass Index ,Diabetes mellitus ,0302 clinical medicine ,Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 ,Glucagon-Like Peptide 2 ,Insulin ,Glucose homeostasis ,Medicine ,Incretinas ,biology ,digestive, oral, and skin physiology ,Gastroenterology ,Area under the curve ,Middle Aged ,Postprandial Period ,Obesity, Morbid ,C-Reactive Protein ,Postprandial ,Obesidade ,Peptídeo 2 semelhante ao glucagon ,Female ,Resistência à insulin ,Adult ,endocrine system ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,030209 endocrinology & metabolism ,Incretins ,Young Adult ,03 medical and health sciences ,Insulin resistance ,Peptídeo 1 semelhante ao glucagon ,Internal medicine ,Humans ,Obesity ,lcsh:RC799-869 ,Glucagon-like peptide 1 ,Glucagon-like peptide 2 ,Aged ,business.industry ,C-reactive protein ,medicine.disease ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,030104 developmental biology ,Endocrinology ,Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ,Case-Control Studies ,biology.protein ,lcsh:Diseases of the digestive system. Gastroenterology ,business - Abstract
BACKGROUND: The glucagon-like peptides 1 and 2 (GLP-1/GLP-2) are gut hormones that may directly affect the glucose homeostasis and their activity seems to be significantly affected by chronic inflammation. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the postprandial levels of glucagon-like peptides 1 and 2 (GLP-1/GLP-2), C-reactive protein (CRP), and the postprandial glucose and insulin levels among individuals with obesity, type 2 diabetes, and healthy controls. METHODS: An exploratory cross-sectional study, which involved individuals awaiting for bariatric/metabolic surgery and healthy controls. Postprandial levels of GLP-1, GLP-2, glucose, and insulin were obtained after a standard meal tolerance test. Inflammation was assessed by means of CRP. RESULTS: There were 30 individuals enrolled in the study, divided into three groups: non-diabetic with morbid obesity (NDO; n=11 individuals), diabetic with mild obesity (T2D; n=12 individuals), and healthy controls (C; n=7 individuals). The mean CRP levels were significantly higher in the NDO group (6.6±4.7 mg/dL) than in the T2D (3.3±2.2 mg/dL) and C groups (2.5±3.2 mg/dL) (P=0.038). The GLP-1 levels following standard meal tolerance test and the area under the curve of GLP-1 did not differ among the three groups. The GLP-2 levels were significantly lower in the NDO and T2D than in the C group following standard meal tolerance test at all the times evaluated. The area under the curve of the GLP-2 was significantly lower in the NDO and T2D groups than in the C group (P=0.05 and P=0.01, respectively). CONCLUSION: GLP-2 levels were impaired in the individuals with obesity and diabetes. This mechanism seems to be enrolled in preventing the worsening of the glucose homeostasis in these individuals. RESUMO CONTEXTO: Os peptídeos semelhantes ao glucagon 1 e 2 (GLP-1/GLP-2) são hormônios gastrointestinais que podem afetar diretamente a homeostase glicêmica; a atividade de ambos parece ser significativamente afetada pela inflamação crônica. OBJETIVO: Avaliar os níveis pós-prandiais dos peptídeos semelhantes ao glucagon 1 e 2 (GLP-1/GLP-2), proteína C reativa (PCR) e as curvas pós-prandiais de glucose e insulina entre indivíduos com obesidade, diabetes tipo 2 e controles saudáveis. MÉTODOS: Estudo piloto transversal, que envolveu indivíduos aguardando a realização de cirurgia bariátrica/metabólica e controles saudáveis. Os níveis de GLP-1, GLP-2, glucose e insulina foram obtidos após um teste de refeição padrão. A inflamação foi avaliada através dos níveis de PCR. RESULTADOS: Houve 30 indivíduos avaliados no estudo, divididos em três grupos: obesos mórbidos sem diabetes (NDO; n=11 pacientes), diabéticos com obesidade leve (T2D; n=12 pacientes) e controles (C; n=7 pacientes). Os níveis médios de PCR foram significativamente maiores no grupo NDO (6,6±4,7 mg/dL) do que nos grupos T2D (3,3±2,2 mg/dL) e C (2,5±3,2 mg/ dL) (P=0,038). Os níveis de GLP-1 após o teste de refeição padrão e a área sob a curva do GLP-1 não diferiram significativamente entre os grupos. Os níveis de GLP-2 foram significativamente mais baixos nos grupos NDO e T2D do que no grupo C em todos os tempos avaliados. A área sob a curva do GLP-2 foi significativamente menor nos grupos NDO e T2D do que no grupo C (P=0,05 and P=0,01, respectivamente). CONCLUSÃO: Os níveis de GLP-2 encontram-se alterados em indivíduos com obesidade e diabetes. Este mecanismo parece estar envolvido na prevenção da piora da homeostase glicêmica nestes indivíduos.
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- 2018
27. Implicaciones en la atención primaria en salud de la genética y genómica en la diabetes mellitus tipo 2.
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Ramirez-Garcia, Sergio Alberto, Cabrera-Pivaral, Carlos E., Huacuja-Ruiz, Luis, Flores-Alvarado, Luis Javier, Pérez-García, Guillermo, González-Rico, José Luis, López-Velázquez, Alma, Topete-González, Luz Rosalba, Rosales-Gómez, Roberto Carlos, Candelario-Mejía, Gerardo, and Villa-Ruano, Nemesio
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TYPE 2 diabetes , *PRIMARY health care , *MEDICAL genetics , *MEDICAL genomics , *PUBLIC health , *EPIGENOMICS , *INSULIN resistance - Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a complex disease and a global health problem. Therefore, the first level of health care should handle the approaches of medical genetics and genomics to reduce its incidence. The aim is to present perspectives analyzed by our group in two areas of genetics and its clinical application. Emphasis is placed on the coexistence of several genetic forms clinically detectable in patients with diabetes, missing heritability associated with low penetrance, and epigenomics mechanism. It is discussed the effect of genetic variation associated with resistance to insulin, beta-cell dysfunction, shaft incretin, and other points of interest, such as thrifty genotype hypothesis, conformational disease, genetically unknown foods, phenocopies as clinically silent hypercortisolism, molecular phytopharmacology in the clinical management. Finally, the result was displayed in the Mexican population from genetic studies and new findings of clinical importance, such as involvement of melatonin and effect of variations in the number of copies in a genomic region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2013
28. Modulación de la expresión de genes de incretinas mediada por nutrientes; revisión sistemática.
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Martínez-Rodríguez, R. and Gil, A.
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INCRETINS , *GENETIC regulation , *GLUCAGON-like peptide 1 , *WNT proteins , *HEXOSAMINES , *GLYCOSYLATION , *META-analysis - Abstract
Incretins are a cluster of hormones which are secreted and released into the bloodstream after food intake by gut enteroendocrine cells, reaching to pancreas where produce a potentiating effect on insulin release. The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review of incretins gene expression mediated by nutrients using specific search equations in the PubMed database. The two most relevant incretins are GLP-1 and GIP, which come from proglucagon and proGIP precursor respectively. GLP-1 is mainly synthesized and released by ileum and colon L cells, in contrast to GIP which does it by K cells in duodenum and proximal jejunum. It has been shown that canonical Wnt signalling pathway is closely related to the production of these hormones, since transcription factor TCF7L2 affects proglucagon and proGIP gene expression in L and K enteroendocrine cells. On the other hand, it has been shown that the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway can produce N-linked glycosylation of -catenin, an essential component of canonical Wnt signalling. This process hinders β-catenin phosphorylation and, thereby prevents proteasome degradation. Increasing glucose concentration enhances the hexosamine pathway and thus β-catenin glycosylation. This causes a β-catenin cytoplasmic accumulation allowing entry into nucleus, where it exerts its action by binding to a clump of molecules and transcription factors, allowing to express the target genes, including the incretin hormones. There is also evidence that glucose, through the hexosamine pathway, can induces autocrine activation of Wnt signalling pathway by stimulating secretion of Wnt proteins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2012
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29. Stress hyperglycaemia in critically ill patients; Potential role of incretin hormones; a preliminary study.
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Llompart-Pou, J. A., Fernández-de-Castillo2, A. G., Burguera, B., Pérez-Bárcena, J., Marsé, P., Rodríguez-Yago, M., Barcelo, A., and Raurich, J. M.
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CRITICALLY ill , *HYPERGLYCEMIA , *BLOOD sugar , *INCRETINS , *CRITICAL care medicine , *INTENSIVE care patients - Abstract
Background: Stress hyperglycaemia is common in the intensive care unit (ICU) setting and has been related to a worst outcome. Objective: The objective was to characterize the association of glucoregulatory hormones, mainly incretins, with the levels of glycaemia, and its relationship with outcome in ICU patients. Methods: We prospectively studied 60 patients. Stress hyperglycaemia was diagnosed when glycaemia was > 115 mg/dL. At ICU admission we determined glycaemia, insulin, glucagon, cortisol, glucose-dependent insulino - tropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) plasma levels. Groups were compared using Kruskal-Wallis test. The association between glycaemia levels and glucoregulatory hormones was evaluated using linear regression. Results: Forty-five patients (75%) had hyperglycaemia. We observed no differences in glucoregulatory hormones levels between normo- and hyper- glycaemia groups. Glycaemia levels were not significantly correlated with insulin, glucagon, cortisol or GIP levels, but were correlated with GLP-1 (p = 0.04). GLP-1 was also correlated with cortisol (p = 0.01), but failed to show a significant correlation with insulin, glucagon or GIP levels. Lower levels of plasma GLP-1 were found in patients with stress hyperglycaemia requiring vasoactive support (p = 0.02). Conclusions: Glycaemia levels were correlated with GLP-1 levels in ICU patients. GLP-1 levels were also associated with cortisol. Patients with stress hyperglycaemia who required vasoactive support had lower incretin levels compared with those patients with stress hyperglycaemia who were hemodynamically stables. (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01087372). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2012
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30. Liraglutida en el contexto actual del tratamiento de la diabetes tipo 2.
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Zúñiga-Guajardo, Sergio, Velasco, Jorge Aldrete, Alexanderson Rosas, Elvira Graciela, Arechavaleta Granell, María del Rosario, García, Eduardo García, García Hernández, Pedro Alberto, Gálvez, Guillermo González, Zubieta, Victoria Mendoza, and Violante Ortiz, Rafael M.
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TYPE 2 diabetes , *PATHOLOGICAL physiology , *CELL death , *GLUCAGON-like peptide 1 , *SYSTOLIC blood pressure , *HYPOGLYCEMIA - Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) is a woldwide pandemic and currently represents one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality for health care systems. Associated complications are frequent, progressive, severe and costly. Although currently available treatments have diverse mechanisms of action, none of them modify the physiopathology of the disease, so the pancreatic beta cell degeneration progresses inexorably and some of them can be associated with several adverse effects including hypoglycemia, weight gain, gastrointestinal effects and peripheral edema. New medications based on effects on incretins favorably reduce glycosylated hemoglobin (A1c), induce weight loss and have a low risk of hypoglycemia. Liraglutide is the irst type 1 glucagon-like peptide (GLP-1) analogue approved for once daily administration. The LEAD (Liraglutide Effect and Action in Diabetes) study program results have demonstrated its favorable effect on A1c, with sustained weight loss and a low risk of hypoglycemia, evidencing a favorable metabolic proile for effects on lipids and systolic blood pressure. Also, its use can be initiated since the earliest stages of the disease and combined with any antidiabetic regimen. The following article thoroughly reviews the LEAD program and the most current evidence available for this innovative treatment option for DM2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2011
31. EJE ENTEROINSULAR Y DIABETES TIPO 2.
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Zavala, U. Carlos
- Abstract
Copyright of Revista Médica Clínica Las Condes is the property of Editorial Sanchez y Barcelo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2009
32. Papel Fisiológico de las Incretinas y su Importancia en la Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2.
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Lima, Marcos M., Balladares, Nathalie, Torres, Christopher, Vera, Liliana, Bognanno, Francisco, Marin, Melania, and Guerra, Ernesto
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TYPE 2 diabetes , *GLUCOSE , *GLUCAGON-like peptide 1 , *CD26 antigen , *ENZYME inhibitors ,INSULIN pathophysiology - Abstract
Orally administered glucose leads to a greater insulin response compared to a similar intravenously administered dose of glucose, a phenomenon referred to as the "incretin effect". The incretin effect comprises up to 75% of the postprandial insulin secretion and is diminished in type 2 diabetes mellitus. The incretins only stimulate insulin secretion and normalize blood glucose in humans under hyperglycemic conditions. Other important physiological actions of incretins are the inhibition of glucagon secretion and gastric emptying. It further acts as a neurotransmitter in the hypothalamus stimulating satiety. In vitro and animal data demonstrated that GLP-1 increases p-cell mass by stimulating islet cell neogenesis and by inhibiting apoptosis of islets. GLP-1 represents an attractive therapeutic principle for type 2 diabetes. However, native GLP-1 is degraded rapidly upon exogenous administration and it is therefore not suitable for routine therapy. The first long-acting GLP-1 analog ("incretin mimetic") exenatide has just been approved for type 2 diabetes therapy. Other compounds are also the dipeptidyl-peptidase IV inhibitors that inhibit the enzyme responsible for incretin degradation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2009
33. Inhibidores de la dipeptidil peptidasa-4: farmacodinamia, farmacocinética y seguridad.
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Girolamo, Guillermo Di, Peña, Alejandra Lorena Tamez, and Pérez, Héctor Eloy Tamez
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TREATMENT of diabetes , *HYPOGLYCEMIA , *CHRONIC diseases , *PEPTIDES , *PHARMACOKINETICS , *MEDICAL research , *THERAPEUTICS - Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a worldwide distributed chronic disease, with a high morbimortality. The primary treatment is to maintain a glycemia within normal limits, with glycemic hemoglobin from 6 to 7%, without hypoglycemia. Current treatment has shown to be efficient and safe in most of the cases, but only temporarily due to the progressive course of the disease. Recently, there is a new class of medicinal agent known as DPP-4 inhibitors which prevent the degradation of the incretin, glucagon-like peptide 1 and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide. Incretins have beneficial effects in the glycemic control through pancreatic (function and cellular mass) and extrapancreatic effects. The present review analyzes the pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic and safety of inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase and comments the significant impact they could have in the treatment of diabetes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2008
34. Bipartición de tránsito intestinal, la nueva era de la cirugía metabólica para la diabetes mellitus de tipo 2
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Walter Kunz-Martinez and Arturo Iván Pérez-Pacheco
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procedimientos quirúrgicos ,RD1-811 ,business.industry ,diabetes mellitus tipo 2 ,tránsito gastrointestinal ,tránsito gastrointestinal ,incretinas ,cirugía metabólica ,surgical procedures ,intestino delgado ,type 2 ,metabolic surgery ,diabetes mellitus ,Medicine ,intestine small ,Surgery ,gastrointestinal transit ,procedimientos quirúrgicos ,business ,cirugía metabólica ,incretins - Abstract
Resumen Antecedentes: La diabetes mellitus de tipo 2 es el principal reto de salud pública que enfrentamos actualmente, constituye la primera causa de discapacidad y es o está asociada a las principales causas de muerte en nuestro país. En Ciudad de México, se reportó que más del 79 % de los pacientes diabéticos no tienen cifras óptimas de HbA1c (9 %). La cirugía metabólica es el mejor tratamiento en términos de remisión, sin embargo, los mecanismos involucrados no son los tradicionalmente considerados. Objetivo: Ofrecer actualización acerca de los mecanismos involucrados en la remisión de la diabetes mellitus de tipo 2 después de la cirugía metabólica. Metodos: Se hizo una revisión bibliográfica utilizando las palabras clave en términos MeSH; hasta el 1° de junio del 2018, se encontraron 83 artículos de referencia considerados como pertinentes. Resultados: La remisión de la diabetes mellitus de tipo 2 lograda por procedimientos quirúrgicos, depende de complejas interacciones entre la microbiota, los ácidos biliares y el epitelio intestinal, más que de procesos malabsortivos o restrictivos. La bipartición de tránsito intestinal es una opción quirúrgica basada en los principios fisiológicos responsables en la remisión de la diabetes, y es la más sencilla y segura para el manejo de la diabetes mellitus. Conclusiones: La cirugía metabólica ofrece mejores tasas de remisión y control de complicaciones de la diabetes tipo 2 al modificar la secreción de enterohormonas, la concentración e interacciones de los ácidos biliares y al modificar la microbiota. Abstract Background: Diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2) is a major public health challenge that we face today; it is the first cause of disability and is associated with the main causes of death in our country. In Mexico City, it was reported that more than 79% of diabetic patients did not have optimal levels of HbA1c ( 9%). Metabolic surgery is the best treatment option for DM2, yet the presumed involved mechanisms are not traditionally considered. Objective: To provide an update on the mechanisms involved in the remission of DM2 following metabolic surgery. Methods: Narrative review of the literature, using MeSH terms, until June 1, 2018, encountering 83 articles considered pertinent. Methods: Narrative review of the literature, using MeSH terms, until June 1, 2018, encountering 83 articles considered pertinent. Results: DM2 remission after surgery depends on complex interactions between the microbiota, biliary acids and the intestinal epithelium, more so than of malabsortion or restrictive processes. Bipartition of the intestinal transit constitutes a surgical option based on the physiologic principles responsible of the remission of diabetes, and it is a simple and most secure procedure for the management of diabetes. Mechanisms include restoration/enhancement of incretin secretion; as well as an improvement of bile acid concentration and microbiome manipulation, rather than the commonly accepted restriction and malabsorption. Intestinal transit bipartition is a novel and simple procedure that complies with the actual involved mechanisms, with comparable results in terms of safety and efficacy with the more complex and demanding techniques, such as the gastric bypass. Conclusions: Metabolic surgery is the best treatment for DM2 in terms of remission and prevention of complications, modifying the secretion of enterohormones, the concentration of biliary acids, and the modification of the microbiota.
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- 2018
35. Incretin-based therapy for glycemic control of hospitalized patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review.
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Gracia-Ramos AE, Cruz-Domínguez MP, and Madrigal-Santillán EO
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- Glycemic Control, Humans, Hypoglycemic Agents adverse effects, Hypoglycemic Agents therapeutic use, Insulin adverse effects, Insulin therapeutic use, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 chemically induced, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 drug therapy, Incretins therapeutic use
- Abstract
Incretin-based therapy leads to glycemic control in a glucose-dependent manner with a low risk of hypoglycemia, making it appealing for use in the hospital. The aim of this systematic review was to assess the benefits of incretin-based therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes hospitalized outside of the intensive care unit. We searched for studies published up to August 2021 in the PubMed and Scopus databases. Clinical trials comparing incretin-based therapy (alone or in combination with insulin) versus an insulin regimen were selected. The results of the included studies showed that incretin-based therapy showed mean blood glucose values, a percentage of records within the therapeutic target, and a percentage of treatment failure similar to insulin management, particularly in patients with mild to moderate hyperglycemia. Furthermore, incretin-based treatment was associated with a lower total insulin dose and a lower incidence of hypoglycemia. In conclusion, incretin-based therapy achieved glycemic control similar to insulin treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes hospitalized outside the intensive care unit and has the advantages of reducing the insulin requirement and a lower risk of hypoglycemia., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier España, S.L.U. and Sociedad Española de Medicina Interna (SEMI). All rights reserved.)
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- 2022
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36. NUEVOS FÁRMACOS EN DIABETES MELLITUS
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H Carmen Gloria Aylwin
- Subjects
agonistas del péptido similar al glucagón tipo 1 (AR-GLP1) ,glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP1-RAS) ,inhibidores de la dipeptidil peptidasa 4 (IDPP-4) ,glucosúricos ,antidiabetic drugs ,030209 endocrinology & metabolism ,incretinas ,dipeptidyl peptidase-4-inhibitors (IDPP-4) ,General Medicine ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Diabetes mellitus tipo 2 ,glucosuric agents ,Type 2 diabetes mellitus ,SGLT-2 inhibitors (ISLGT2) ,Medicine ,inhibidores de los cotransportadores de la bomba de sodio - glucosa Tipo 2 (ISGLT2) ,fármacos antidiabéticos ,incretins - Abstract
RESUMENPor más de 60 años se dispuso solo de tres grupos farmacológicos para el tratamiento de la diabetes mellitus (DM): la insulina, la metformina y las sulfonilureas. Sin embargo, en los últimos años y como consecuencia de los avances en el conocimiento de la patogenia de la DM2 se han desarrollado nuevos fármacos con novedosos mecanismos de acción y con diferentes perfiles de seguridad, entre ellos los compuestos con efecto incretina y los glucosúricos que actúan en los trastornos a nivel intestinal y renal presentes en la DM2. La disponibilidad de múltiples opciones terapéuticas está produciendo profundos cambios en la terapia farmacológica de la DM2. Se logran enfoques terapéuticos más fisiopatológicos pero sobre todo permiten un manejo más personalizado y ajustado a las características y riesgos individuales de los pacientes, privilegiando junto al control glicémico, la seguridad terapéutica. En esta revisión se analizarán los nuevos fármacos con efecto incretina, los agonistas del péptido similar al glucagón tipo 1 (AR-GLP1) e inhibidores de la dipeptidil peptidasa 4 (IDPP-4), y los inhibidores de los cotransportadores sodio-glucosa tipo 2 (ISLGT2) que aumentan la excreción renal de glucosa.SUMMARYFor over 60 years only three drug classes, insulin, metformin and sulfonylureas, were available for the treatment of Diabetes Mellitus (DM). In recent years, as a result of advances in the understanding of the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes, new drugs with novel mechanisms of action and different safety profiles have been developed, including compounds with incretin effect and glucosuric drugs acting in disorders at intestinal and renal level present in DM2. The availability of multiple treatment options is leading to profound changes in drug therapy of type 2 diabetes. More pathogenic therapeutic approaches are accomplished, allowing a more personalized and tailored management to the individual characteristics and risks of patients, achieving, in addition to glycemic control, therapeutic safety. In this review, the new class of antihyperglycaemic agents with incretin effect, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (IDPP-4), and novel sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (ISGLT2) that increase renal glucose excretion will be analyzed.
- Published
- 2016
37. Management of diabetes in hospitals
- Author
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Román-Gonzalez, Alejandro, Cardona, Andrés, Gutiérrez, Johnayro, Palacio, Andrés, Román-Gonzalez, Alejandro, Cardona, Andrés, Gutiérrez, Johnayro, and Palacio, Andrés
- Abstract
Diabetes is a disease with significant prevalence worldwide. According to the latest estimates, about 415 million people suffer from this condition and this figure will almost double by 2040. For this reason, a large part of emergency admissions will be related to diabetic patients or subjects who will be diagnosed with this pathology while hospitalized. Hospital-related hyperglycemia due to stress, medications and parenteral nutrition are also a common finding. In consequence, it is imperative for health care providers to become familiar with inpatient hyperglycemia management.Intensive glucose monitoring, patient education and insulin administration are essential for treating this condition. Glycemic control is fundamental as it decreases nosocomial complications. It should be noted that strict control may lead to hypoglycemia, so episodes should be properly documented and their cause corrected immediately., La diabetes es una enfermedad con importante prevalencia en todo el mundo. Se calcula que cerca de 415 millones de personas la padecen en la actualidad y que para el año 2040 esta cifra aumentará poco más del 50%. Debido a esto, se estima que gran parte de los ingresos por urgencias serán de pacientes diabéticos o sujetos a los cuales esta patología se les diagnosticará en dicha hospitalización; esta situación hace necesario conocer los lineamientos y las recomendaciones de las guías para el manejo intrahospitalario de los pacientes con hiperglucemia.El pilar fundamental del manejo hospitalario de diabetes es la monitorización intensiva, junto con la educación al paciente y la administración de insulina. El control glicémico es clave debido a que disminuye complicaciones intrahospitalarias. Cabe resaltar que el control estricto puede llevar a hipoglucemias, por lo que los episodios deben ser debidamente documentados y su causa corregida de inmediato.
- Published
- 2018
38. Effects of acute non-esterified fatty acids manipulations on incretin-induced insulin secretion in participants with or without type 2 diabetes
- Author
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Valéria Bahdur Chueire, Berardi, Elza Olga Ana Muscelli, 1954, Salles, João Eduardo Nunes, Gianella, Maria Lucia Cardillo Corrêa, Pavin, Elizabeth João, Tambascia, Marcos Antonio, 1948, Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas, and UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE CAMPINAS
- Subjects
Insulin - Secretion ,Ácidos graxos não esterificados ,Insulina - Secreção ,Incretins ,Fatty acids, Nonesterified ,Incretinas - Abstract
Orientador: Elza Olga Ana Muscelli Berardi Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas Resumo: Introdução: O Efeito Incretínico ¿ o incremento da liberação da insulina estimulada pela glicose administrada por via oral vs. infusão EV ¿ está diminuído nos estados disglicêmicos. A despeito de evidências de estudos com ilhotas humanas de que os ácidos graxos livres (FFA) interferem na função incretínica, há pouca informação sobre seus efeitos em humanos. Nós testamos o impacto da manipulação aguda bidirecional dos FFA (aumento ou redução) no Efeito Incretínico em humanos. Métodos: Treze indivíduos com Diabetes tipo 2 (DM2) e 10 voluntários sem diabetes foram submetidos a um TOTG de 3h, e, uma semana mais tarde, a uma infusão EV de glicose reproduzindo o perfil da curva glicêmica, isoglicêmica (ISO; pareada ao TOTG). Ambos os estudos foram repetidos durante infusão de lipídeos exógena nos voluntários sem diabetes, e após administração de acipimox (para inibição de lipólise) naqueles com diabetes. Um modelo matemático da dinâmica da secreção de insulina foi utilizado para acessar a secreção total de insulina (TIS), a beta cell glucose sensitivity (ß-GS), a potenciação induzida pela glicose e a potenciação induzida pelas incretinas. O índice de sensibilidade oral à glicose (OGIS) foi usado para estimar a sensibilidade à insulina. Resultados: A infusão de lipídeos aumentou a concentração plasmática de FFA e triglicérides em 10 e 5 vezes respectivamente, e a TIS no TOTG e no ISO, induzindo à resistência à insulina. A potenciação pelas incretinas diminuiu. A potenciação pela glicose, a ß-GS, o GLP-1, GIP e Glucagon não foram afetados. Acipimox, que diminuiu os níveis de FFA em ~55%, reduziu a glicose plasmática e TIS, e melhorou a sensibilidade à insulina, mas não mudou a ß-GS, potenciação pela glicose, potenciação pelas incretinas, ou as respostas do Glucagon, GLP-1 ou GIP. O efeito incretínico, calculado como a diferença percentual, também diminuiu nos participantes não diabéticos e ficou inalterado naqueles com diabetes. Conclusão: O aumento dos FFA seletivamente diminui o efeito incretínico e a sensibilidade à insulina em não diabéticos, enquanto que a redução aguda dos FFA diminui a glicemia e melhora a sensibilidade à insulina em DM2, mas não corrige a potenciação induzida pelas incretinas que é deficiente nesta condição Abstract: Aims/hypothesis: Incretin effect - the potentiation of glucose-stimulated insulin release induced by the oral vs. the i.v. route - is impaired in dysglycaemic states. Despite evidence from human islet studies that NEFA interfere with incretin function, little information is available about the effect in humans. We tested the impact of acute bidirectional NEFA manipulation on the incretin effect in humans. Methods: Thirteen individuals with type 2 diabetes and ten non-diabetic volunteers had a 3 h OGTT, and, a week later, an i.v. isoglycaemic glucose infusion (ISO; OGTT matched). Both pairs of studies were repeated during an exogenous lipid infusion in the non-diabetic volunteers, and following acipimox administration (to inhibit lipolysis) in people with diabetes. Mathematical modelling of insulin secretion dynamics assessed total insulin secretion (TIS), beta cell glucose sensitivity (ß-GS), glucose-induced potentiation (PGLU) and incretin-induced potentiation (PINCR); the oral glucose sensitivity index was used to estimate insulin sensitivity. Results: Lipid infusion increased TIS (from 61 [interquartile range 26] to 78 [31] nmol/m2 on OGTT and from 29 nmol/m2 [26] to 57 nmol/m2 [30] on ISO) and induced insulin resistance. PINCR decreased from 1.6 [1.1] to 1.3 [0.1] (p < 0.05). ß-GS, PGLU and glucagon, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) responses were unaffected. Acipimox (lowering NEFA by ~55%) reduced plasma glucose and TIS and enhanced insulin sensitivity, but did not change ß-GS, PINCR, PGLU or glucagon, GLP-1 or GIP responses. As the per cent difference, incretin effect was decreased in non-diabetic participants and unchanged in those with diabetes. Conclusions/interpretation: Raising NEFA selectively impairs incretin effect and insulin sensitivity in non-diabetic individuals, while acute NEFA reduction lowers plasma glucose and enhances insulin sensitivity in people with diabetes but does not correct the impaired incretin-induced potentiation Doutorado Clínica Médica Doutora em Ciências
- Published
- 2018
39. Vivir sin adrenalina: un reto en la homeostasis de la glucosa
- Author
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Cartié Iglesias, Claudia, Sánchez Estévez, Beatriz, Machado Ponce, José David, and González Santana, Ayoze
- Subjects
Adrenalina ,Incretinas - Published
- 2018
40. Vaciamiento gástrico y Diabetes mellitus tipo 2
- Author
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Roberto Franco-Vega, Camilo Andrés Quintero-Cadavid, and William Otero-Regino
- Subjects
Gynecology ,lcsh:R5-920 ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Gastric emptying ,business.industry ,lcsh:R ,digestive, oral, and skin physiology ,Péptido 1 similar al glucagón ,lcsh:Medicine ,Vaciamiento gástrico ,General Medicine ,Incretins ,61 Ciencias médicas ,Medicina / Medicine and health ,medicine ,Diabetes mellitus Tipo 2 ,lcsh:Medicine (General) ,business ,Diabetes mellitus Type 2 ,Glucagon-like peptide 1 ,Incretinas - Abstract
El adecuado control de la diabetes mellitus tiene una gran importancia desde muchos puntos de vista. En los últimos años, se ha destacado el impacto que tienen los niveles de la glucemia postprandial sobre el manejo y las complicaciones de esta enfermedad. Controlar la hiperglucemia postprandial y, por lo tanto, su participación en el deterioro clínico de los pacientes con diabetes puede conseguirse retardando el vaciamiento gástrico y estimulando el efecto incretina, los cuales se pueden promover utilizando los análogos del péptido similar al glucagón tipo 1 (GLP-1). En este artículo se revisa el concepto del efecto incretina y la utilidad de los análogos GLP-1 en el control de la glicemia en los pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Proper control of diabetes mellitus is very important from many points of view. In recent years, the impact of postprandial blood glucose levels on the treatment and complications of this disease has been highlighted. Controlling postprandial hyperglycemia—and, therefore, its participation in the clinical deterioration of patients with diabetes—can be achieved by delaying gastric emptying and stimulating the incretin effect, which can be promoted using the analogues of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1). In this article, the concept of the incretin effect and usefulness of GLP-1 analogues for glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus is reviewed.
- Published
- 2015
41. Consideracions fisiopatològiques i metabòliques de la gastrectomia vertical amb gastroplàstia tubular laparoscòpica amb o sense preservació antral
- Author
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Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili., Vives Espelta, Margarida, Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili., and Vives Espelta, Margarida
- Published
- 2017
42. Consideracions fisiopatològiques i metabòliques de la gastrectomia vertical amb gastroplàstia tubular laparoscòpica amb o sense preservació antral
- Author
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Vives Espelta, Margarida, Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili., del Castillo Déjardin, Daniel, Sabench Pereferrer, Fàtima, and Universitat Rovira i Virgili. Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia
- Subjects
Ciències de la salut ,Gastrectomía vertical ,Incretines ,616.3 ,Gastrectomia vertical ,Gastric antrum ,Antro gástrico ,Sleeve gastrectomy ,Antre gàstric ,Incretinas - Abstract
Introducció: La gastrectomia vertical laparoscòpica és una de les tècniques en cirurgia bariàtrica més comú. No existeix consens sobre la distància òptima entre el pílor i l’inici de la secció gàstrica. L’objectiu d’aquest estudi és determinar les diferències en el buidament gàstric, volum gàstric, resposta metabòlica i pèrdua ponderal entre dues distàncies d’inici de secció. Material i Mètodes: Estudi prospectiu aleatoritzat de 60 pacients (30 pacients amb secció a 3cm i 30 pacients a 8 cm del pílor). Als 6 i 12 mesos postoperatoris es va calcular el buidament gàstric mitjançant gammagrafia (T1/2 min), volum gàstric mitjançant TC (cc) i resposta metabòlica mitjançant analítica sanguínia. La pèrdua ponderal fou analitzada als 3, 6 i 12 mesos postoperatoris. Resultats: La velocitat de buidament gàstric augmenta significativament en ambdós grups però és major en el grup 3cm (p < 0.05). Si dividim la mostra en funció de la seva condició de diabètics observem que la velocitat en el grup no diabètic 3cm és significativament més alta. Analitzant la pèrdua ponderal amb PEBMIL s’obté major percentatge de resultats excel·lents en el grup 3cm. L’EWL també situa els millors resultats en el grup 3cm. Un any després de la cirurgia s’observa una significativa millora de la hiperinsulinèmia en els pacients del grup 3cm respecte el grup 8cm, però només en els diabètics. La concentració d’incretines no mostrà diferències entre grups. Conclusions: El buidament gàstric és més ràpid en el grup de resecció antral. La distancia no influencia el buidament gàstric en els pacients diabètics. Poden existir altres mecanismens més enllà del GLP-1 que regulin la resposta metabólica a través del buidament gàstric. En el grup de ressecció antral s’observa menor percentatge de resultats subòptims segons EWL i un major percentil de %TWL ., Introducción: La gastrectomía vertical laparoscópica es una de las técniques más comunes en cirugía bariátrica. No existe consenso sobre la distancia óptima entre el píloro y el inicio de la sección gàstrica. El objectivo de este estudio es determinar las diferencias en el vaciamiento gástrico, volumen gástrico, respuesta metabòlica y pérdida ponderal entre dos distancias de inicio de sección. Material y Métodos: Estudio prospectivo aleatorizado de 60 pacientes (30 pacientes con sección a 3cm i 30 pacientes a 8 cm del píloro). A los 6 y 12 meses postoperatorios se calcúló el vaciamiento gástrico mediante gammagrafia (T1/2 min), volumen gástrico mediante TC (cc) y respuesta metabòlica mediante analítica sanguínea. La pérdida ponderal se analizó a los 3, 6 i 12 meses postoperatorios. Resultados: La velocidad de vaciamiento gástrico aumenta significativamente en ambos grups però és mayor en el grupo 3cm (p < 0.05). Si dividimos la muestra en función de su condición de diabéticos observamos que la velocidad en el grup no diabético 3 cm es significativamente mayor. Analizando la pérdida ponderal con PEBMIL se obtiene mayor porcentaje de resultados excelentes en el grupo 3cm. El EWL también sitúa mejores resultados en el grupo 3 cm. Un año tras la cirugía se observa una significativa mejoría de la hiperinsulinémia en los pacientes del grupo 3 cm respecto el grupo 8 cm per sólo en los diabéticos. La concentración de incretinas no mostró diferencias entre grupos. Conclusiones: El vaciamiento gástrico és más rápido en el grupo de resección antral. La distancia no influencia el vaciamiento gástrico en los pacientes diabéticos. Pueden existir otros mecanismos más allá del GLP-1 que regulen la respuesta metabólica a través del vaciamiento gástrico. En el grupo de resección antral se observó un menor porcentaje de resultados subóptimos según EWL y un mayor percentil de %TWL., Introduction: Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy is one of the most common techniques in bariatric surgery, but there is no consensus on the optimal distance from the pylorus to start the gastric transection. The aim of this study is to determine the differences in gastric emptying, gastric distension, metabolic response and weight loss between two starting distances. Material and Methods: This is a prospective randomised study of 60 patients (30 patients with the section at 3 cm and 30 patients at 8 cm from the pylorus). We calculate at 6 and 12 months from surgery gastric emptying by scintigraphy (T1/2 min), gastric volume by CT scan (cc) and metabolic response by blood sample analysis. Weight loss was analysed at 3, 6 and 12 months from surgery. Results: Gastric emptying increases the speed significantly in both groups but is greater in the 3cm group (p < 0.05). Dividing groups into type 2 diabetic patients and nondiabetic patients, the speed in non-diabetic patients is significantly higher for the 3-cm group. With the PEBMIL, the 3 cm group reaches 67.8% classified as excellent, while 8 cm group reaches 62.8% classified as a good result. EWL situates the best results for 3 cm group. One year after surgery, there are significant improvements in the hyperinsulinaemia in the patients of the 3- cm group with respect to the 8-cm group, but only in diabetic patients. No differences between groups are found regarding changes in GLP-1 or GIP. Conclusions: Gastric emptying is faster in patients with antrum resection. The distance does not influence the gastric emptying of diabetic patients. Other mechanisms may explain metabolic response besides GLP-1 and its association with improvements in diabetes via gastric emptying. Lower percentage of suboptimal results using EWL and higher percentile of %TWL were observed in patients with antrum resection.
- Published
- 2017
43. Metanálisis del efecto incretina sobre el metabolismo de lipoproteínas ricas en triglicéridos (LRT) intestinales en diabetes tipo 2
- Author
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Nogueira, Juan Patricio
- Subjects
LIPOPROTEINAS ,INCRETINAS ,TRIGLICERIDOS ,DIABETES - Abstract
Fil: Nogueira, Juan Patricio. Instituto Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud. Fundación Barceló; Argentina. La mortalidad cardiovascular elevada de los pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2) se asocio al aumento de lipemia postprandial y a la disminucion de las incretinas. Trabajos aislados han mostrado que los análogos de GLP-1 e inhibidores de DPP-VI (I-DPP-IV) disminuyen los TG postprandiales en DM2.
- Published
- 2017
44. Effects of a high-fat meal on postprandial incretin responses, appetite scores and ad libitum energy intake in women with obesity
- Author
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Penaforte, Fernanda R.O., Japur, Camila C., Diez-Garcia, Rosa W., and Chiarello, Paula G.
- Subjects
Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide ,Péptido análogo al glucagón tipo 1 ,Hunger ,Food intake ,Hambre ,Apetito ,Appetite ,Incretins ,Glucagon-like peptide 1 ,Ingesta alimentaria ,Incretinas ,Polipéptido insulinotrópico dependiente de glucosa - Abstract
Background: Considering the possible role of triglycerides (TG), glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) in the regulation of appetite, this study aimed to compare high fat meal-induced response of GIP and GLP-1, appetite scores and ad libitum energy intake in women with obesity, according to postprandial increment in triglyceridemia (∆TG). Methods: Thirty-three no-diabetic women (BMI = 35.0 ± 3.2 kg.m-2) were divided into two groups: Group with ∆TG ≤ median were called "Low TG change -LTG" and ∆TG > median, "High TG change - HTG". Plasma concentrations of GIP, GLP-1 and appetite sensations were measured prior to, and every 30 min for 180 min after ingestion of a high-fat breakfast. An ad libitum lunch was served 3 h after the test meal. Results: The AUC incrementalGIP were significant lower in HTG vs. LTG group (p = 0.03). The same was observed for GIP levels at 150 min (p = 0.03) and at 180 min (p < 0.01). Satiety was lower in HTG at 120 min (p = 0.03) and 150 min (p < 0.01). The AUC totalGLP1 were similar between groups and there were no between-group differences for the GLP-1 at each time point. Ad libitum food intake were also similar between groups. Conclusions: The HTG group exhibited differences in satiety scores and lower postprandial secretion of GIP, however with no impact on ad libitum food intake in short term. Resumen Introducción: teniendo en cuenta las posibles acciones de los triglicéridos (TG), del glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) y del glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), en la regulación del apetito (hambre y saciedad), este estudio tuvo como objetivo comparar la respuesta posprandial inducida por una comida rica en grasas en los niveles del GIP y GLP-1, en el apetito y en la ingestión de energía ad libitum en mujeres con obesidad, clasificadas de acuerdo con el aumento de la trigliceridemia postprandial (∆TG). Métodos: treinta y tres mujeres sin diabetes (IMC = 35,0 ± 3,2 kg.m-2) fueron clasificadas en dos grupos: grupo con ∆TG ≤ mediana ("bajo cambio en los TG - LTG") y grupo ∆TG > mediana ("alto cambio en los TG-HTG"). Los niveles plasmáticos del GIP, GLP-1 y del apetito fueron evaluados antes y cada 30 minutos durante 180 minutos después de la ingestión de un desayuno rico en grasas. Un almuerzo ad libitum fue servido 3 h después del desayuno. Resultados: el área bajo la curva (AUC) del aumento del GIP (AUC aumentoGLP1) fue significativamente menor en el grupo HTG vs. LTG (p = 0,03). Lo mismo se observó para los niveles del GIP en los 150 minutos (p = 0,03) y en los 180 minutos (p < 0,01). La saciedad fue menor en el grupo HTG en los 120 minutos (p = 0,03) y en los 150 minutos (p < 0,01). La AUC totalGLP1 fue similar entre los grupos y no hubo diferencias entre ellos para los niveles del GLP-1 en los tiempos evaluados. La ingesta alimentaria ad libitum también fue similar entre los grupos. Conclusiones: el grupo HTG presentó diferencias en la saciedad y menor secreción posprandial del GIP, sin embargo, sin impacto en la ingesta de alimentos ad libitum en el corto plazo.
- Published
- 2017
45. Management of diabetes in hospitals
- Author
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Andrés Palacio, Johnayro Gutiérrez, Alejandro Román-González, and Andrés Cardona
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Fosfato de Sitagliptina ,lcsh:Medicine ,Disease ,Hypoglycemia ,Incretins ,Fosfato de sitagliptina ,Diabetes mellitus ,incretinas (DeCS) ,Insulina ,Health care ,medicine ,Insulin ,Incretins (MeSH) ,Intensive care medicine ,Glycemic ,Incretinas ,lcsh:R5-920 ,business.industry ,lcsh:R ,Sitagliptin Phosphate ,incretinas ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,Parenteral nutrition ,lcsh:Medicine (General) ,business ,Patient education - Abstract
RESUMEN: La diabetes es una enfermedad con importante prevalencia en todo el mundo. Se calcula que cerca de 415 millones de personas la padecen en la actualidad y que para el año 2040 esta cifra aumentará poco más del 50%. Debido a esto, se estima que gran parte de los ingresos por urgencias serán de pacientes diabéticos o sujetos a los cuales esta patología se les diagnosticará en dicha hospitalización; esta situación hace necesario conocer los lineamientos y las recomendaciones de las guías para el manejo intrahospitalario de los pacientes con hiperglucemia. El pilar fundamental del manejo hospitalario de diabetes es la monitorización intensiva, junto con la educación al paciente y la administración de insulina. El control glicémico es clave debido a que disminuye complicaciones intrahospitalarias. Cabe resaltar que el control estricto puede llevar a hipoglucemias, por lo que los episodios deben ser debidamente documentados y su causa corregida de inmediato. ABSTRACT: Diabetes is a disease with significant prevalence worldwide. According to the latest estimates, about 415 million people suffer from this condition and this figure will almost double by 2040. For this reason, a large part of emergency admissions will be related to diabetic patients or subjects who will be diagnosed with this pathology while hospitalized. Hospital-related hyperglycemia due to stress, medications and parenteral nutrition are also a common finding. In consequence, it is imperative for health care providers to become familiar with inpatient hyperglycemia management. Intensive glucose monitoring, patient education and insulin administration are essential for treating this condition. Glycemic control is fundamental as it decreases nosocomial complications. It should be noted that strict control may lead to hypoglycemia, so episodes should be properly documented and their cause corrected immediately. COL0035547
- Published
- 2017
46. Sostenibilidad: una mirada actualizada a la regulación del consumo y metabolismo energético en vacas lecheras.
- Author
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Chiarle, A., Sirini, M., and Relling, A. E.
- Subjects
- *
CATTLE nutrition , *MILK yield , *DRY matter in animal nutrition , *ENERGY metabolism , *GHRELIN , *INCRETINS - Abstract
One approach to achieve sustainability is to increase milk production in each animal. Milk production is directly associated with dry matter intake, greater dry matter intake greater milk yield. It is also important how each animal used or partition the energy intake. For this reason the study of regulatory mechanisms of dry matter intake and energy metabolism are important in milk production. Some important factors on the dry matter intake and energy partitioning regulation are the hormones ghrelin, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide and glucagon-like peptide-1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
47. Supplement of betaglucan and metabolic variable in obese dogs with insulin resistance
- Author
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Ferreira, Chayanne Silva [UNESP], Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), and Nardi, Andrigo Barboza de [UNESP]
- Subjects
Obesidade ,Canino ,Soluble fiber ,Fibra solúvel ,Insulin resistence ,Obesity ,Incretins ,Incretinas ,Resistência insulínica ,Canine - Abstract
Submitted by CHAYANNE SILVA FERREIRA null (chayannes@terra.com.br) on 2016-12-06T18:02:40Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese_Chayanne_Silva_Ferreira.pdf: 1413886 bytes, checksum: 2fd07751fbdd80b7e53435a91d5da5be (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Felipe Augusto Arakaki (arakaki@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-12-07T12:42:31Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 ferreira_cs_dr_bot_par.pdf: 1167973 bytes, checksum: edc9626c0d4c4cc04289ace9b7eff2c9 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-07T12:42:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ferreira_cs_dr_bot_par.pdf: 1167973 bytes, checksum: edc9626c0d4c4cc04289ace9b7eff2c9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-10-03 Estudos apontam que os beta-glucanos aumentam a sensibilidade à insulina e a tolerância à glicose, bem como a saciedade em ratos e humanos, podendo contribuir com essas alterações na obesidade. No entanto, existem poucas informações em cães. Este trabalho objetivou avaliar os efeitos da inclusão de 0,1% de beta-glucanosna dieta de cães sobre parâmetros metabólicos e de saciedade em cães obesos. Foram incluídos três grupos experimentais: Grupo A (GA), constituído por 7cães com escore de condição corporal entre 8 e 9; Grupo B (GB) composto por 7 cães, com escore de condição corporal 5. O grupo C (GC) foi constituído pelos mesmos animais do GA após o consumo da dieta teste por 90 dias. A tolerância à glicose e a sensibilidade insulínica foram avaliados através do teste intravenoso de tolerância à glicose (TIVTG) nos três grupos experimentais, sendo nos tempos 0 (inicial) para os grupos A e B e 90 dias para o grupo C. Testes estatísticos paramétricos e não paramétricos foram utilizados para a análise dos resultados e considerou-se como significativos os valores de p0,05), sendo os grupos A x C e B x C. O pico glicêmico nos três grupos experimentais foi observado logo no tempo 2,5 minutos de coleta. Nos tempos 5,0 minutos; 7,5 minutos e 10,0 minutos de coleta, os valores de glicemia foram menores nos grupos B e C em relação ao A. A taxa de remoção de glicose diferiu entre os três grupos e C apresentou valores intermediários. Os animais do GC apresentaram menores concentrações de glicose e insulina basais, colesterol e triglicerídeos em relação ao GA (p0,05), when compared groups A x C and B x C. The glycemic peak in the three experimental groups was observed early in 2,5 minutes time collection. The collects in time 5,0 minutes; 7.5 minutes and 10.0 minutes, blood glucose levels were lower in groups B and C in relation to A. The glucose removal rate differed among the three groups and group C showed intermediate values. The animals GC had lower basal levels of glucose and insulin, cholesterol and triglyceride levels compared to GA (P
- Published
- 2016
48. Actualización sobre la última familia de fármacos orales comercializados para el tratamiento de la diabetes tipo 2: los inhibidores de la DPP-4. Aportaciones respecto a las otras familias de antidiabéticos orales
- Author
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Fernando Álvarez Guisasola
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Medicine(all) ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Incretin ,General Medicine ,Type 2 diabetes ,Pharmacology ,medicine.disease ,Incretins ,Glucagon ,Diabetes mellitus ,Endocrinology ,Tolerability ,Inhibidores de la DPP-4 ,DPP-4 inhibitors ,Internal medicine ,Metabolic control analysis ,medicine ,Glucose homeostasis ,Family Practice ,business ,Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 ,Incretinas - Abstract
ResumenLa reciente introducción de nuevos fármacos en el arsenal terapéutico para el manejo de la hiperglucemia en la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2) abre nuevas perspectivas y esperanzas en la mejora del control metabólico de estos pacientes. Los inhibidores de la dipeptidilpeptidasa-4 (DPP-4) constituyen un grupo farmacológico cuya acción está mediada por las hormonas incretinas, en particular del péptido similar al glucagón tipo 1. Esta hormona está involucrada en el control de la homeostasis de la glucosa, al estimular la secreción de insulina en respuesta a la ingesta y frenar la producción de glucagón. Este efecto, alterado en los pacientes con DM2, puede mejorarse a través de la administración de este grupo de fármacos. La evidencia disponible sugiere que su eficacia, tolerabilidad y seguridad, su baja tasa de abandonos y sus escasos efectos sobre el peso, unido al bajo riesgo de hipoglucemias, podría posicionar a este grupo terapéutico en un escalón avanzado del tratamiento de los pacientes con DM2. La terapia con incretinas ofrece una opción alternativa a los actuales fármacos hipoglucemiantes disponibles para la DM2, con una buena eficacia y un perfil favorable sobre el peso. Aunque en los estudios realizados hasta la fecha los inhibidores de la DPP-4 parecen seguros, se deberán seguir evaluando en estudios a largo plazo en la práctica clínica para asegurar su efectividad y perfil de seguridad, así como para determinar su papel exacto entre todas las opciones disponibles en el momento actual para el tratamiento de la DM2.AbstractThe recent introduction of new drugs in the therapeutic arsenal for the management of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes has opened up new perspectives and raised hope for improved metabolic control in these patients. DPP-4 inhibitors are a family of drugs whose action is mediated by the incretin hormones, in particular GLP-1. This hormone is involved in the control of glucose homeostasis, as it stimulates insulin secretion in response to food intake and halts glucagon production. This effect, which is altered in patients with type 2 diabetes, can be improved by administering this group of drugs. The available evidence suggests that the efficacy, tolerability, safety, low drop-out rate and limited effects on weight, together with the low risk of hypoglycemic episodes, could place this group of drugs high on the treatment list in patients with type 2 diabetes. Incretin therapy provides an alternative to currently available glucose-lowering drugs for type 2 diabetes with good efficacy and a favorable profile on weight. In the studies performed to date, DPP-4 inhibitors seem safe. However, these agents must continue to be evaluated in long-term studies performed in clinical practice to ensure their effectiveness and safety profile, as well as to determine their precise role among all the currently available options in the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
- Published
- 2010
49. When does diabetes start? Early detection and intervention in type2 diabetes mellitus.
- Author
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Gómez-Peralta F, Abreu C, Cos X, and Gómez-Huelgas R
- Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) is a progressive disease whose pathophysiological changes occur several years before its detection. An approach based on the pathophysiological development of DM2 and its complications emphasises the importance of early and intensive intervention, not only to prevent beta-cell dysfunction but also to act on the potential associated cardiovascular risk factors before reaching the blood glucose thresholds currently set for diagnosing DM2. In the field of recently diagnosed DM2, the VERIFY study has shown that early treatment combined with metformin-vildagliptin provides relevant improvements in long-term glycaemic control and can positively affect the disease's progression., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier España, S.L.U. and Sociedad Española de Medicina Interna (SEMI). All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Incretinomiméticos e inibidores da dipeptidil peptidase-4: terapias inovadoras para o tratamento do diabetes tipo 2
- Author
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Jaime A. Davidson, Jorge Luiz Gross, and Erika B. Parente
- Subjects
Blood Glucose ,Pyrrolidines ,endocrine system diseases ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Adamantane ,Type 2 diabetes ,GLP-1 ,Incretin ,Impaired glucose tolerance ,Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 ,Glucose homeostasis ,Incretinas ,Vildagliptin ,digestive, oral, and skin physiology ,Fasting ,General Medicine ,Postprandial Period ,Glucagon-like peptide-1 ,Metformin ,Diabetes mellitus tipo 2 ,Pyrazines ,hormones, hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists ,medicine.drug ,endocrine system ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Incretins ,Diabetes tipo 2 ,Inibidor da DPP-4 ,Internal medicine ,Nitriles ,medicine ,Peptídeo 1 semelhante ao glucagón ,DPP-4 inhibitor ,Humans ,Hypoglycemic Agents ,Glycated Hemoglobin ,Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors ,Exenatida ,Venoms ,business.industry ,Body Weight ,Sitagliptin Phosphate ,nutritional and metabolic diseases ,Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ,Triazoles ,medicine.disease ,Endocrinology ,Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ,Exenatide ,Peptides ,business ,Inibidores da dipeptidil-peptidase IV ,Incretina - Abstract
The prevalence of diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance is predicted to dramatically increase over the next two decades. Clinical therapies for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have traditionally included lifestyle modification, oral anti-diabetic agents, and ultimately insulin initiation. In this report, we review the clinical trial results of two innovative T2DM treatment therapies that are based on the glucoregulatory effects of incretin hormones. Incretin mimetics are peptide drugs that mimic several of the actions of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and have been shown to lower glycated hemoglobin (A1C) levels in patients with T2DM. Additionally, incretin mimetics lower postprandial and fasting glucose, suppress elevated glucagon release, and are associated with progressive weight reduction. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors increase endogenous GLP-1 levels by inhibiting the enzymatic degradation of GLP-1. Clinical studies in patients with T2DM have shown that DPP-4 inhibitors reduce elevated A1C, lower postprandial and fasting glucose, suppress glucagon release, and are weight neutral. Collectively, these new drugs, given in combination with other antidiabetic agents, such as metformin, sulfonylureas, and/or thiazolidinediones, can help restore glucose homeostasis in poorly controlled patients with T2DM. É previsto que a prevalência de diabetes e a intolerância à glicose aumente dramaticamente ao longo das próximas duas décadas. As terapias clínicas para diabetes melito tipo 2 (DM2) têm tradicionalmente incluído modificação do estilo de vida, agentes antidiabéticos orais e, por último, o início da insulina. Neste artigo, revisamos os resultados dos estudos clínicos de duas terapias inovadoras no tratamento do DM2 baseadas nos efeitos glicorregulatórios dos hormônios incretina. Os incretinomiméticos são medicamentos peptídeos que mimetizam várias das ações do peptídeo semelhante ao glucagon-1 (GLP-1) e têm demonstrado reduzir níveis de hemoglobina glicada (A1C) em pacientes com DM2. Adicionalmente, incretinomiméticos reduzem as glicemias pós-prandial e de jejum, suprimem a liberação elevada do glucagon, e são associados com redução de peso. Os inibidores da dipeptidil peptidase-4 (DPP-4) aumentam os níveis de GLP-1 endógeno pela inibição da degradação enzimática do GLP-1. Estudos clínicos em pacientes com DM2 têm demonstrado que inibidores da DPP-4 reduzem A1C elevada, reduzem as glicemias pós-prandial e de jejum, suprimem a liberação elevada do glucagon e são neutros quanto ao peso. Coletivamente, estas novas medicações, administradas em combinação com outros agentes antidiabéticos, como metformina, sulfoniluréias e/ou tiazolidinedionas (TZDs), podem ajudar a recuperar a homeostase glicêmica de pacientes com DM2 não-controlados.
- Published
- 2008
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