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33,997 results on '"Immunologic Techniques"'

1. Method for estimation of apoptotic cell fraction of cytotherapy using in vivo fluorine-19 magnetic resonance: pilot study in a patient with head and neck carcinoma receiving tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes labeled with perfluorocarbon nanoemulsion

Author

Ahrens, Eric T, Helfer, Brooke M, O’Hanlon, Charles F, Lister, Deanne R, Bykowski, Julie L, Messer, Karen, Leach, Benjamin I, Chen, Jiawen, Xu, Hongyan, Daniels, Gregory A, and Cohen, Ezra EW

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Oncology and Carcinogenesis, Immunology, Cancer, Liver Disease, Biomedical Imaging, Rare Diseases, Digestive Diseases, Humans, Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating, Pilot Projects, Fluorine, Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck, Fluorocarbons, Head and Neck Neoplasms, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Carcinoma, Squamous Cell, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Apoptosis, Immunotherapy, Immunologic Techniques, Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating, T-Lymphocytes, Oncology and carcinogenesis
Abstract

BackgroundAdoptive transfer of T cells is a burgeoning cancer therapeutic approach. However, the fate of the cells, once transferred, is most often unknown. We describe the first clinical experience with a non-invasive biomarker to assay the apoptotic cell fraction (ACF) after cell therapy infusion, tested in the setting of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). A patient with HNSCC received autologous tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) labeled with a perfluorocarbon (PFC) nanoemulsion cell tracer. Nanoemulsion, released from apoptotic cells, clears through the reticuloendothelial system, particularly the Kupffer cells of the liver, and fluorine-19 (19F) magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) of the liver was used to non-invasively infer the ACF.MethodsAutologous TILs were isolated from a patient in their late 50s with relapsed, refractory human papillomavirus-mediated squamous cell carcinoma of the right tonsil, metastatic to the lung. A lung metastasis was resected for T cell harvest and expansion using a rapid expansion protocol. The expanded TILs were intracellularly labeled with PFC nanoemulsion tracer by coincubation in the final 24 hours of culture, followed by a wash step. At 22 days after intravenous infusion of TILs, quantitative single-voxel liver 19F MRS was performed in vivo using a 3T MRI system. From these data, we model the apparent ACF of the initial cell inoculant.ResultsWe show that it is feasible to PFC-label ~70×1010 TILs (F-TILs) in a single batch in a clinical cell processing facility, while maintaining >90% cell viability and standard flow cytometry-based release criteria for phenotype and function. Based on quantitative in vivo 19F MRS measurements in the liver, we estimate that ~30% cell equivalents of adoptively transferred F-TILs have become apoptotic by 22 days post-transfer.ConclusionsSurvival of the primary cell therapy product is likely to vary per patient. A non-invasive assay of ACF over time could potentially provide insight into the mechanisms of response and non-response, informing future clinical studies. This information may be useful to developers of cytotherapies and clinicians as it opens an avenue to quantify cellular product survival and engraftment.

Published
2023

2. Differences in TCR repertoire and T cell activation underlie the divergent outcomes of antitumor immune responses in tumor-eradicating versus tumor-progressing hosts.

Author

Woolaver, Rachel, Wang, Xiaoguang, Krinsky, Alexandra, Waschke, Brittany, Chen, Samantha, Popolizio, Vince, Nicklawsky, Andrew, Gao, Dexiang, Chen, Zhangguo, Jimeno, Antonio, Wang, Xiao-Jing, and Wang, Jing

Subjects
antigen, head and neck neoplasms, immune evation, immunologic techniques, lymphocytes, receptors, tumor-infiltrating, Animals, CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes, Cell Line, Tumor, Female, Gene Expression Profiling, Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic, Genotype, Head and Neck Neoplasms, Humans, Lymphocyte Activation, Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating, Male, Mice, Neoplasm Transplantation, Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Sequence Analysis, RNA, Single-Cell Analysis, Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck, Tumor Microenvironment
Abstract

BACKGROUND: Antitumor immunity is highly heterogeneous between individuals; however, underlying mechanisms remain elusive, despite their potential to improve personalized cancer immunotherapy. Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) vary significantly in immune infiltration and therapeutic responses between patients, demanding a mouse model with appropriate heterogeneity to investigate mechanistic differences. METHODS: We developed a unique HNSCC mouse model to investigate underlying mechanisms of heterogeneous antitumor immunity. This model system may provide a better control for tumor-intrinsic and host-genetic variables, thereby uncovering the contribution of the adaptive immunity to tumor eradication. We employed single-cell T-cell receptor (TCR) sequencing coupled with single-cell RNA sequencing to identify the difference in TCR repertoire of CD8 tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and the unique activation states linked with different TCR clonotypes. RESULTS: We discovered that genetically identical wild-type recipient mice responded heterogeneously to the same squamous cell carcinoma tumors orthotopically transplanted into the buccal mucosa. While tumors initially grew in 100% of recipients and most developed aggressive tumors, ~25% of recipients reproducibly eradicated tumors without intervention. Heterogeneous antitumor responses were dependent on CD8 T cells. Consistently, CD8 TILs in regressing tumors were significantly increased and more activated. Single-cell TCR-sequencing revealed that CD8 TILs from both growing and regressing tumors displayed evidence of clonal expansion compared with splenic controls. However, top TCR clonotypes and TCR specificity groups appear to be mutually exclusive between regressing and growing TILs. Furthermore, many TCRα/TCRβ sequences only occur in one recipient. By coupling single-cell transcriptomic analysis with unique TCR clonotypes, we found that top TCR clonotypes clustered in distinct activation states in regressing versus growing TILs. Intriguingly, the few TCR clonotypes shared between regressors and progressors differed greatly in their activation states, suggesting a more dominant influence from tumor microenvironment than TCR itself on T cell activation status. CONCLUSIONS: We reveal that intrinsic differences in the TCR repertoire of TILs and their different transcriptional trajectories may underlie the heterogeneous antitumor immune responses in different hosts. We suggest that antitumor immune responses are highly individualized and different hosts employ different TCR specificities against the same tumors, which may have important implications for developing personalized cancer immunotherapy.

Published
2021

3. A Framework to Identify Antigen-Expanded T Cell Receptor Clusters Within Complex Repertoires.

Author

Ceglia, Valentina, Kelley, Erin J, Boyle, Annalee S, Zurawski, Sandra, Mead, Heather L, Harms, Caroline E, Blanck, Jean-Philippe, Flamar, Anne-Laure, Kirschman, Jung Hwa, Ogongo, Paul, Ernst, Joel D, Levy, Yves, Zurawski, Gerard, and Altin, John A

Subjects
T-Lymphocytes, Humans, Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, Cell Separation, Immunologic Techniques, T cell receptor, T cell responses, TCR sequencing, dendritic cells, monoclonal antibodies, vaccines, Prevention, Immunization, Vaccine Related, Good Health and Well Being, Immunology, Medical Microbiology
Abstract

Common approaches for monitoring T cell responses are limited in their multiplexity and sensitivity. In contrast, deep sequencing of the T Cell Receptor (TCR) repertoire provides a global view that is limited only in terms of theoretical sensitivity due to the depth of available sampling; however, the assignment of antigen specificities within TCR repertoires has become a bottleneck. This study combines antigen-driven expansion, deep TCR sequencing, and a novel analysis framework to show that homologous 'Clusters of Expanded TCRs (CETs)' can be confidently identified without cell isolation, and assigned to antigen against a background of non-specific clones. We show that clonotypes within each CET respond to the same epitope, and that protein antigens stimulate multiple CETs reactive to constituent peptides. Finally, we demonstrate the personalized assignment of antigen-specificity to rare clones within fully-diverse uncultured repertoires. The method presented here may be used to monitor T cell responses to vaccination and immunotherapy with high fidelity.

Published
2021

4. ImmGen at 15

Author

Aguilar, Stephanie Vargas, Aguilar, Oscar, Allan, Rhys, Amir, El Ad David, Angeli, Veronique, Artyomov, Maxim N, Asinovski, Natasha, Astarita, Jilian, Austen, K Frank, Bajpai, Geetika, Barrett, Nora, Baysoy, Alev, Benoist, Christophe, Bellemare-Pelletier, Angelique, Berg, Brad, Best, Adam, Bezman, Natalie, Blair, David, Blander, Julie M, Bogunovic, Milena, Brennan, Patrick, Brenner, Michael, Brown, Brian, Buechler, Matthew, Buenrostro, Jason, Casanova, Maria Acebes, Choi, Kyunghee, Chow, Andrew, Chudnovskiy, Aleksey, Cipoletta, Daniela, Cohen, Nadia, Collins, James J, Colonna, Marco, Cook, Alison, Costello, James, Cremasco, Viviana, Crowl, Ty, Crozat, Karine, Cruse, Richard, D'Angelo, June, Dalod, Marc, Davis, Scott, Demiralp, Cagatay, Deng, Tianda, Desai, Jigar V, Desland, Fiona, Dhainaut, Maxime, Ding, Jiarui, Doedens, Andrew, Dominguez, Claudia, Doran, Graeme, Dress, Regine, Dustin, Michael, Dwyer, Daniel, Dzhagalov, Ivan, Elpek, Kutlu, Ergun, Ayla, Ericson, Jeff, Esomonu, Eunice, Fairfax, Keke, Fletcher, Anne, Frascoli, Michela, Fuchs, Anja, Gainullina, Anastasiia, Gal-Oz, Shani, Gallagher, Michael, Gautier, Emmanuel, Gazit, Roi, Gibbings, Sophie, Giraud, Matthieu, Ginhoux, Florent, Goldrath, Ananda, Gotthardt, Dagmar, Gray, Daniel, Greter, Melanie, Grieshaber-Bouyer, Ricardo, Guilliams, Martin, Haidermota, Sara, Hardy, Randy, Hashimoto, Daigo, Helft, Julie, Hendricks, Deborah, Heng, Tracy, Hill, Jonathan, Hyatt, Gordon, Idoyaga, Juliana, Jakubzick, Claudia, Jarjoura, Jessica, Jepson, Daniel, Jia, Baosen, Jianu, Radu, Johanson, Tim, Jordan, Stefan, Jojic, Vladimir, Kamimura, Yosuke, Kana, Veronica, Kang, Joonsoo, Kapoor, Varun, and Kenigsberg, Ephriam

Subjects
Animals, Gene Expression Regulation, Gene Regulatory Networks, Genomics, History, 21st Century, Immune System, Immunologic Techniques, Mice, Immunological Genome Project, Immunology
Published
2020

5. A High Throughput Whole Blood Assay for Analysis of Multiple Antigen-Specific T Cell Responses in Human Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection

Author

Whatney, Wendy E, Gandhi, Neel R, Lindestam Arlehamn, Cecilia S, Nizam, Azhar, Wu, Hao, Quezada, Melanie J, Campbell, Angela, Allana, Salim, Kabongo, Mbuyi Madeleine, Khayumbi, Jeremiah, Muchiri, Benson, Ongalo, Joshua, Tonui, Joan, Sasser, Loren E, Fergus, Tawania J, Ouma, Gregory Sadat, Ouma, Samuel Gurrion, Beck, Allison A, Mulligan, Mark J, Oladele, Alawode, Kaushal, Deepak, Cain, Kevin P, Waller, Lance, Blumberg, Henry M, Altman, John D, Ernst, Joel D, Rengarajan, Jyothi, and Day, Cheryl L

Subjects
Biodefense, HIV/AIDS, Immunization, Infectious Diseases, Emerging Infectious Diseases, Tuberculosis, Orphan Drug, Biotechnology, Vaccine Related, Prevention, Rare Diseases, Clinical Research, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Aetiology, Infection, Good Health and Well Being, Cross-Sectional Studies, Hematologic Tests, High-Throughput Screening Assays, Humans, Immunologic Techniques, Longitudinal Studies, Reproducibility of Results, T-Lymphocytes, TBRU-ASTRa Study Group, Immunology
Abstract

Antigen-specific CD4 and CD8 T cells are important components of the immune response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis, yet little information is currently known regarding how the breadth, specificity, phenotype, and function of M. tuberculosis-specific T cells correlate with M. tuberculosis infection outcome in humans. To facilitate evaluation of human M. tuberculosis-specific T cell responses targeting multiple different Ags, we sought to develop a high throughput and reproducible T cell response spectrum assay requiring low blood sample volumes. We describe here the optimization and standardization of a microtiter plate-based, diluted whole blood stimulation assay utilizing overlapping peptide pools corresponding to a functionally diverse panel of 60 M. tuberculosis Ags. Using IFN-γ production as a readout of Ag specificity, the assay can be conducted using 50 μl of blood per test condition and can be expanded to accommodate additional Ags. We evaluated the intra- and interassay variability, and implemented testing of the assay in diverse cohorts of M. tuberculosis-unexposed healthy adults, foreign-born adults with latent M. tuberculosis infection residing in the United States, and tuberculosis household contacts with latent M. tuberculosis infection in a tuberculosis-endemic setting in Kenya. The M. tuberculosis-specific T cell response spectrum assay further enhances the immunological toolkit available for evaluating M. tuberculosis-specific T cell responses across different states of M. tuberculosis infection, and can be readily implemented in resource-limited settings. Moreover, application of the assay to longitudinal cohorts will facilitate evaluation of treatment- or vaccine-induced changes in the breadth and specificity of Ag-specific T cell responses, as well as identification of M. tuberculosis-specific T cell responses associated with M. tuberculosis infection outcomes.

Published
2018

7. Clinical Evaluation of the Efficacy of a Dietary Supplement Claiming Anti-aging Properties and UV-protection in Healthy Adults: a Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo Controlled, Parallel, Clinical Trial.

Subjects
DIETARY supplements, SUNBURN, AGING prevention, CLINICAL trials, ADULTS, IMMUNOENZYME technique
Abstract

The article focuses on the clinical trial NCT06571409, designed to evaluate the anti-aging and UV-protection efficacy of Coriander Seed Oil (CSO) supplements in healthy adults. Topics include the trial's randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled design, its assessment of skin metrics (profilometry, elasticity, transepidermal water loss), and its detailed eligibility criteria for participants.

Published
2024

8. Patent Issued for Diagnosis and treatment of autoimmune diseases (USPTO 12061206).

Subjects
BLOOD coagulation factors, DIGESTIVE system diseases, INFLAMMATORY bowel diseases, CROHN'S disease, PROTEIN precursors, AUTOIMMUNE diseases
Abstract

A patent has been issued to Takeda Pharmaceutical Company for a method of diagnosing and treating autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn's disease, and ulcerative colitis. The method involves measuring the level of cleaved high molecular weight kininogen (HMWK) in a biological sample and identifying elevated levels as indicative of the autoimmune disease. The patent also includes methods for monitoring the progression of the disease and administering treatments such as plasma kallikrein inhibitors or anti-inflammatory agents. This patent provides potential advancements in the diagnosis and treatment of autoimmune diseases. [Extracted from the article]

Published
2024

9. Evaluation of the Performance of the Glycoscore Biomarkers for the Detection of Clinically Significant Prostate Cancer.

Subjects
PROSTATE cancer, BIOMARKERS, DIFFUSION magnetic resonance imaging
Abstract

The article focuses on a clinical trial evaluating the performance of GlycoScore biomarkers in detecting clinically significant prostate cancer. Topics include the sensitivity and specificity of three identified glycoproteins as biomarkers, their potential combinations with PSA (prostate-specific antigen), and the development of a GlycoScore test.

Published
2024

10. Studies from Nanjing Medical University Describe New Findings in Escherichia coli (A Novel Quality Control Strategy for the Preparation of High-quality Recombinant Allergens In escherichia Coli: a Case Study of Der F 2).

Abstract

A recent study conducted by researchers at Nanjing Medical University in China focused on the production of high-quality recombinant allergens in Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacteria. The study aimed to address the issue of incorrect folding of recombinant allergens, which can impact their effectiveness. The researchers established a novel quality control strategy using chromatography and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to isolate and verify the IgE reactivity of the allergens. The study successfully expressed a segment of the allergen gene in E. coli and identified optimal conditions for expression. The findings of this study lay the groundwork for the stable application of recombinant allergens in diagnostics and vaccine development. [Extracted from the article]

Published
2024

11. South China Agricultural University Reports Findings in African Swine Fever Virus (Development of a fully automated chemiluminescent immunoassay for the quantitative and qualitative detection of antibodies against African swine fever virus p72).

Subjects
AFRICAN swine fever, DNA virus diseases, AFRICAN swine fever virus, IMMUNOLOGY technique, BLOOD proteins, NEUTRALIZATION tests
Abstract

A report from South China Agricultural University discusses the development of a fully automated chemiluminescent immunoassay for the detection of antibodies against the African Swine Fever Virus (ASFV). The immunoassay, called DAgS-aCLIA, was found to be sensitive and rapid, with a wide linearity range and excellent analytical sensitivity. This new assay could be a valuable tool for the surveillance and control of ASF, as well as for vaccine development. The study highlights the need for improved diagnostic tools for ASF, as there is currently no commercial vaccine available. [Extracted from the article]

Published
2024

12. A Comparison of Microscopy and Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Diagnosis of Giardia Lamblia in Children, Sohag.

Subjects
GIARDIA lamblia, DIAGNOSIS, DIGESTIVE system diseases, ENZYMES, FOODBORNE diseases
Abstract

The article discusses a study on the comparative efficacy of microscopy and ELISA kits for diagnosing Giardia lamblia in children, conducted by Sohag University, published in Clinical Trials Week on August 19, 2024. Topics include the study's aim to evaluate these diagnostic methods, its observational design, and the primary outcome measures focusing on efficacy in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised children with gastrointestinal symptoms.

Published
2024

15. Researchers at Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University Release New Data on African Swine Fever Virus (Synthetic P72 Peptide-based Indirect- Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay for Diagnosis of African Swine Fever Virus Infection).

Subjects
AFRICAN swine fever virus, VIRUS diseases, ENZYME-linked immunosorbent assay, VETERINARY medicine, ANIMAL science
Abstract

Researchers at Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University in Punjab, India have developed a new diagnostic test for African Swine Fever Virus (ASFV) using synthetic peptides. The peptides were synthesized and tested for immunoreactivity, demonstrating potential for detecting ASFV infection in field settings. The assay showed a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 86%, and holds promise for seromonitoring and serosurveillance applications. This research was supported by the Department of Biotechnology (DBT) India and has been peer-reviewed. [Extracted from the article]

Published
2024

16. Investigators from Dana-Farber Cancer Institute Target Thrombocytopenia (Electronic Alerts To Improve Management of Heparin-induced Thrombocytopenia).

Abstract

A research study conducted at the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute in Boston, Massachusetts aimed to improve the diagnosis and management of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) through the use of electronic health alerts. The study developed three interventions using electronic health records, including an alert to discontinue heparin products, integrated 4T score calculation, and an alert to discourage unnecessary testing. The interventions resulted in improved care delivery, with increased heparin discontinuation and appropriate test ordering. The study concluded that these electronic health record interventions can lead to improved guideline-based care for patients with suspected HIT. [Extracted from the article]

Published
2024

17. New Data from Boston Children's Hospital Illuminate Findings in Colitis (Bacterial Sphingolipids Exacerbate Colitis By Inhibiting Ilc3-derived Il-22 Production).

Abstract

A recent study conducted at Boston Children's Hospital explored the role of bacterial sphingolipids in exacerbating colitis, a type of inflammatory bowel disease. The researchers found that gut bacterial sphingolipids, primarily produced by Bacteroidetes, have dual roles as bacterial virulence factors and regulators of the host mucosal immune system. Mice monocolonized with Bacteroides fragilis strains expressing sphingolipids exhibited more severe colitis, while mice colonized with strains lacking sphingolipids showed less severe colitis. The study also revealed that sphingolipids inhibited the production of interleukin-22 (IL-22) by ILC3, a subset of immune cells. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying colitis and may have implications for the development of new therapies. [Extracted from the article]

Published
2024

18. Findings from Nanchang University Has Provided New Data on Narcolepsy (Cell-based Vs Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay for Detection of Anti-tribbles Homolog 2 Autoantibodies In Chinese Patients With Narcolepsy).

Abstract

A study conducted by Nanchang University in China explored the presence of anti-tribbles homolog 2 (TRIB2) autoantibodies in Chinese patients with narcolepsy. The researchers used cell-based assays (CBAs) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) to detect these antibodies. While the CBAs did not detect any anti-TRIB2 antibodies, the ELISAs identified higher levels of TRIB2 autoantibodies in two patients with narcolepsy type 1. This finding challenges the initial hypothesis and suggests the need for further research to understand the potential association between TRIB2 and narcolepsy type 1. [Extracted from the article]

Published
2024

19. Relationship Between Serum N/OFQ and Acute Myeloid Cell Leukemia.

Subjects
ACUTE myeloid leukemia, IMMUNOENZYME technique, MYELOID leukemia
Abstract

A clinical trial, NCT06469047, has been launched at the Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University to study the relationship between serum N/OFQ and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The trial involves patients diagnosed with AML who are divided into different groups based on their disease status. The study aims to observe the levels of IL-1b, catecholamine, and norkephalin in the peripheral blood of the experimental group and the control group. Preliminary findings suggest that the experimental group has significantly higher levels compared to the control group, with higher levels observed in the newly diagnosed group and the relapse group compared to the complete remission group. [Extracted from the article]

Published
2024

20. Studies from Korea University College of Medicine Reveal New Findings on Respiratory Syncytial Viruses (Development and Validation of an Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay-Based Protocol for Evaluation of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccines).

Abstract

A recent study conducted by researchers at Korea University College of Medicine aimed to develop a protocol for evaluating respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccines. The researchers used an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to assess the accuracy, precision, and specificity of the protocol. They found that the protocol was effective in evaluating RSV vaccines and demonstrated high accuracy and precision. The study also revealed cross-reactivity of antibodies against certain RSV antigens. This research provides valuable insights for the development and evaluation of RSV vaccines. [Extracted from the article]

Published
2024

21. Inflammation and Nutritional Science for Programs/Policies and Interpretation of Research Evidence (INSPIRE).

Author

Raiten, Daniel J, Sakr Ashour, Fayrouz A, Ross, A Catharine, Meydani, Simin N, Dawson, Harry D, Stephensen, Charles B, Brabin, Bernard J, Suchdev, Parminder S, van Ommen, Ben, and INSPIRE Consultative Group

Subjects
INSPIRE Consultative Group, Animals, Humans, Inflammation Mediators, Diet, Immunologic Techniques, Evidence-Based Medicine, Biomedical Research, Nutrition Policy, Food Technology, Congresses as Topic, Terminology as Topic, Global Health, Biomarkers, Nutritional Sciences, BOND and inflammation/infection, assessment of micronutrient biomarkers, immune function and nutrients, inflammation and nutrition, nutrition biomarkers, Nutrition, Inflammatory and immune system, Zero Hunger, Animal Production, Food Sciences, Nutrition and Dietetics, Nutrition & Dietetics
Abstract

An increasing recognition has emerged of the complexities of the global health agenda—specifically, the collision of infections and noncommunicable diseases and the dual burden of over- and undernutrition. Of particular practical concern are both 1) the need for a better understanding of the bidirectional relations between nutritional status and the development and function of the immune and inflammatory response and 2) the specific impact of the inflammatory response on the selection, use, and interpretation of nutrient biomarkers. The goal of the Inflammation and Nutritional Science for Programs/Policies and Interpretation of Research Evidence (INSPIRE) is to provide guidance for those users represented by the global food and nutrition enterprise. These include researchers (bench and clinical), clinicians providing care/treatment, those developing and evaluating programs/interventions at scale, and those responsible for generating evidence-based policy. The INSPIRE process included convening 5 thematic working groups (WGs) charged with developing summary reports around the following issues: 1) basic overview of the interactions between nutrition, immune function, and the inflammatory response; 2) examination of the evidence regarding the impact of nutrition on immune function and inflammation; 3) evaluation of the impact of inflammation and clinical conditions (acute and chronic) on nutrition; 4) examination of existing and potential new approaches to account for the impact of inflammation on biomarker interpretation and use; and 5) the presentation of new approaches to the study of these relations. Each WG was tasked with synthesizing a summary of the evidence for each of these topics and delineating the remaining gaps in our knowledge. This review consists of a summary of the INSPIRE workshop and the WG deliberations.

Published
2015

22. Researchers from Sharad Pawar Dental College and Hospital Report on Findings in Oral Submucous Fibrosis (Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunohistochemical analysis of mast cell related biochemicals in oral submucous fibrosis [version 3;...).

Abstract

A study conducted by researchers from Sharad Pawar Dental College and Hospital in Maharashtra, India, explores the role of mast cells and their related biochemicals in oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF), a potentially malignant disorder characterized by fibrous tissue deposition and oral mucosa atrophy. The study aims to identify the presence of chymase, histamine, and diamine oxidase in both serum and tissue using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunohistochemistry (IHC). The researchers suggest that this study may provide insight into the association between mast cell-related chemicals and OSMF. For more information, readers can refer to the original research article. [Extracted from the article]

Published
2024

23. Studies from Federal University Sao Paulo Further Understanding of Myasthenia Gravis (Detection of Autoantibodies Against the Acetylcholine Receptor, Evaluation of Commercially Available Methodologies: Fixed Cell-based Assay,...).

Abstract

A study conducted at the Federal University Sao Paulo in Brazil examined different methods for detecting autoantibodies against the acetylcholine receptor (AChR) in patients with Myasthenia Gravis (MG), an autoimmune disorder. The study compared the RadioImmunoPrecipitation Assay (RIPA), Cell-Based Assay (CBA), and two ELISA kits. The results showed that the CBA had almost perfect agreement with RIPA and exhibited excellent sensitivity and specificity for MG diagnosis. The study suggests that the CBA could potentially replace RIPA in clinical laboratories. [Extracted from the article]

Published
2024

24. Realization of integration of microanalysis chips.

Abstract

Researchers at Toyohashi University of Technology and the University of Yamanashi have developed a microfluidic control technology that can be used in small blood testing devices. This technology addresses cost issues and allows for convenient blood testing. The researchers have developed a centrifugal microfluidic chip with autonomous control functions that can perform enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), a technique used in blood analysis. They have also developed a dispensing mechanism that can automatically distribute reagents, reducing the need for manual labor. The researchers hope that this technology will contribute to the social implementation of microfluidic chips and make blood tests more accessible. [Extracted from the article]

Published
2024

25. Findings from Armed Forces Medical Examiner System Provide New Insights into Tetrahydrocannabinol.

Subjects
TETRAHYDROCANNABINOL, ARMED Forces, IMMUNOENZYME technique, ENZYME-linked immunosorbent assay
Abstract

A recent study conducted by the Armed Forces Medical Examiner System has examined the cross-reactivity of 24 cannabinoids and metabolites in whole blood using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The study found that most parent compounds demonstrated cross-reactivity, with the length of the alkyl side-chain relative to Delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol affecting the level of cross-reactivity. Interestingly, certain carboxylic acid metabolites showed cross-reactivity at lower levels. The researchers emphasize the importance of understanding and characterizing the impact of these analytes on current testing paradigms as synthetic and semi-synthetic cannabinoids become more widely available. [Extracted from the article]

Published
2024

26. Serum Irisin Level In Leprosy Patients.

Abstract

This article discusses a clinical trial, NCT06416033, that is investigating the levels of a protein called irisin in leprosy patients. The trial aims to measure the plasma irisin levels in leprosy patients and compare them to healthy controls. It also aims to examine the correlation of irisin levels in different types of leprosy. Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease that primarily affects peripheral nerves, mucosa, bones, and other organs. The trial will provide valuable insights into the role of irisin in leprosy and its potential implications for the disease. The study is being conducted in Egypt and is expected to be completed by July 15, 2024. [Extracted from the article]

Published
2024

27. Moderate Continuous Versus High Interval Intensity Training on Gut Dysbiosis and Glucagon Like Peptide Hormone in Irritable Bowel Syndrome.

Subjects
HIGH-intensity interval training, INTERVAL training, GASTRIC inhibitory polypeptide, IRRITABLE colon, PEPTIDE hormones, SHORT-chain fatty acids, DYSBIOSIS, GLUCAGON
Abstract

This document provides information about two research studies related to irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). The first study is a clinical trial investigating the response of gut bacteria in pre-diabetic, obese patients with IBS to different modes of exercise. The trial aims to compare the effects of moderate continuous versus high interval intensity training on gut dysbiosis and hormone levels. The second study aims to investigate the relationship between anxiety-depressive disorders and IBS in patients attending a rural family practice center. The study will collect data on various factors, including anxiety-depressive disorders, IBS symptoms, and glycated hemoglobin levels. Both studies are currently active and will contribute to the understanding and management of IBS. [Extracted from the article]

Published
2024

28. Assessment of Saliva Galectin-8, Galectin-9 and RANKL Levels in Individuals With Different Periodontal Diseases.

Subjects
PERIODONTAL disease, PERIODONTITIS, TRANCE protein, GINGIVITIS, SALIVA, GINGIVAL diseases, ORAL diseases
Abstract

This document provides information about a clinical study that is currently recruiting participants. The study aims to collect saliva samples from individuals with gingivitis, healthy periodontium, and periodontitis. The study will involve full-mouth clinical periodontal measurements and the collection of saliva. The eligibility criteria for participants are outlined, including age, oral and systemic health, medication use, and smoking status. The study is being conducted in Turkey, and the primary contact for inquiries is Kubra Aydin. The document also includes administrative information such as the study ID number and responsible party. The study's keywords include antiparasitics, proteins, galectins, periodontitis, and immunologic tests. [Extracted from the article]

Published
2024

29. Assessment of Saliva Adseverin,1-Alpha Defensin and sRANKL (Soluble RANKL) Levels In Individuals With Different Periodontal Diseases.

Subjects
PERIODONTAL disease, PERIODONTITIS, TRANCE protein, GINGIVITIS, SALIVA, GINGIVAL diseases, IMMUNOENZYME technique
Abstract

This article provides information about a clinical trial, NCT06402877, that is currently recruiting participants in Turkey. The study aims to assess the levels of Adseverin, 1-alpha Defensin, and sRANKL in saliva samples of individuals with different periodontal diseases. The trial will examine the possible correlation between these levels and clinical parameters of periodontal diseases. The study will involve collecting saliva samples from 60 systemically healthy non-smoker individuals with periodontitis, gingivitis, and healthy periodontium, and using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to determine the levels of these substances in the samples. The responsible party for the study is Ayse Efe from Izmir Katip Celebi University. [Extracted from the article]

Published
2024

30. Rudjer Boskovic Institute Researchers Discuss Findings in Bioscience [Overview of the Lipid Peroxidation Measurements in Patients by the Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Specific for the 4-Hydroxynonenal-Protein Adducts (4-HNE-ELISA)].

Abstract

A study conducted by researchers at the Rudjer Boskovic Institute in Zagreb, Croatia, explores the measurement of lipid peroxidation in patients using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) specific for 4-hydroxynonenal-protein adducts (4-HNE-ELISA). Lipid peroxidation is a process that affects the structure and metabolism of lipids, particularly polyunsaturated free fatty acids, and can lead to oxidative stress. The study discusses the applicability of the 4-HNE-ELISA in patients with various diseases associated with oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation. The research suggests that the 4-HNE-ELISA should be combined with other analytical methods for accurate comparisons between patients and healthy individuals. Additionally, the study emphasizes the importance of multiple-time point measurements to monitor the dynamics of oxidative stress occurrence and the systemic response to the disease. [Extracted from the article]

Published
2024

31. What is the Level of Serum Leucine-rich a 2-glycoprotein (LRG) Which Predicts Endoscopic Remission in Patients With Ulcerative Colitis?

Abstract

A clinical trial has been launched to investigate the level of serum leucine-rich a 2-glycoprotein (LRG) that predicts endoscopic remission in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC). The trial aims to determine if serum LRG levels can be used as a noninvasive biomarker for monitoring disease activity in UC patients. Patients with UC will be enrolled and their serum LRG levels will be measured. Colonoscopy with histology will be performed when endoscopic remission is predicted based on serum LRG values. The trial is currently recruiting participants and is expected to be completed by December 2024. [Extracted from the article]

Published
2024

32. Data on Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Described by Researchers at Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica [Development of an Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) as a tool to detect NS1 of dengue virus serotype 2 in female Aedes aegypti eggs for the...].

Subjects
DENGUE hemorrhagic fever, DENGUE viruses, ENZYME-linked immunosorbent assay, AEDES aegypti, RNA virus infections
Abstract

Researchers at the Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica in Morelos, Mexico have developed an Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) to detect the NS1 protein of dengue virus serotype 2 in female Aedes aegypti mosquito eggs. Dengue is a significant disease transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes in tropical and subtropical regions. The assay demonstrated 87.5% sensitivity and 75.0% specificity in detecting NS1 in mosquito eggs, making it a potential tool for routine surveillance of dengue fever transmission. This research provides valuable insights into controlling dengue transmission by focusing on the vector. [Extracted from the article]

Published
2024

33. Researcher from Vilnius University Describes Findings in Allergies (Novel monoclonal antibodies against house dust mite allergen Der p 21 and their application to analyze allergen extracts).

Abstract

A recent study conducted at Vilnius University in Lithuania focused on the use of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to analyze allergen extracts and improve standardization in allergy diagnostics and immunotherapy. The researchers generated MAbs against the allergen Der p 21 from the house dust mite Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus. They developed a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to quantify Der p 21 and found variations in allergen composition among different manufacturers' extracts. The study highlights the importance of allergen-specific MAbs for characterizing allergen extracts and the need for standardization in allergy diagnostics and immunotherapy. [Extracted from the article]

Published
2024

34. Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine Researchers Describe Research in Lipid Research (Quantification of lipoprotein lipase in mouse plasma with a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay).

Abstract

Researchers from Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine in Japan have developed a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to quantify lipoprotein lipase (LPL) in mouse plasma. The ELISA was able to detect LPL in a linear range of concentrations and was sensitive enough to measure LPL in serum and plasma samples, including lipemic samples. The researchers found that LPL levels were lower in mice lacking the Gpihbp1 gene compared to wild-type mice, and that LPL mass and activity levels were positively correlated in both groups. This ELISA method will be valuable for studying LPL-mediated intravascular lipolysis in mouse models. [Extracted from the article]

Published
2024

35. Efficacy Assessment of Probiotics in Improving Sleep Indices.

Subjects
SLEEP latency, ANXIETY disorders, PROBIOTICS, SEROTONIN syndrome, SLEEP, SLEEP quality, HYPERSOMNIA, SLEEP-wake cycle, CLINICAL chemistry
Abstract

A clinical trial, NCT06361368, is set to begin in April 2024 and aims to assess the effectiveness of a probiotic called PS150 in improving sleep indices. The trial will involve 140 participants with self-reported insomnia who will be randomly assigned to either a probiotics group or a placebo group. The participants will take one capsule of probiotics or placebo daily for 30 days, and various measures such as polysomnography, sleep quality questionnaires, and saliva and urine tests will be used to evaluate the effects of PS150 on sleep and related factors. The trial is expected to be completed by March 2026. [Extracted from the article]

Published
2024

36. Reports on Factor IX from Morgridge Institute for Research Provide New Insights (A Novel Factor Ixa-specific Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay Detects Factor Ixa In Human Plasma).

Abstract

A recent study conducted by the Morgridge Institute for Research in Madison, Wisconsin has developed a new enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) that can detect Factor IXa in human plasma. This assay is capable of quantifying total FIXa levels, including both free FIXa and FIXa-antithrombin complex. The research team raised a monoclonal antibody against the new N-terminus exposed upon activation of FIX to FIXa, which specifically detects human FIXa protease. This new assay has the potential to facilitate the evaluation of total FIXa levels in various clinical situations. [Extracted from the article]

Published
2024

37. Effect of Non-surgical Periodontal Treatment in Smokers on SIRT-1 and Proteins of the NLRP3 Inflammasome and Long Noncoding RNAs.

Subjects
TOOTH loss, PERIODONTITIS, NLRP3 protein, LINCRNA, TOOTH root planing, NICOTINE replacement therapy, INFLAMMASOMES, MONONUCLEAR leukocytes, TRANSFORMING growth factors
Abstract

This document provides information about a research study on periodontitis and the collection and analysis of biospecimens. The study aims to examine the levels of certain biomarkers in serum and saliva samples from participants with periodontitis before and after non-surgical periodontal treatment. The study will also include participants who are periodontally healthy and smokers. The recruitment for the study has not yet begun, and it is estimated to be completed by March 2025. The study is being conducted by Zeynep Tastan Eroglu at Necmettin Erbakan University. [Extracted from the article]

Published
2024

38. New Life Science Study Findings Have Been Reported from Hongik University (Fluorogenic Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay With a Dual Color Variation).

Abstract

A recent study conducted by researchers at Hongik University in Sejong Si, South Korea, has developed a sensitive and high-throughput biomarker detection tool called fluorogenic enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (FELISA). This tool can be used for the detection of tumor necrosis factor alpha and programmed cell death-ligand 1, with a limit of detection in the nanogram order. FELISA has the potential to be widely used for rapid and accurate detection of these biomarkers and can be applied to other antigens of interest. The study was funded by the National Research Foundation of Korea and the Research Fund - Health Fellowship Foundation. [Extracted from the article]

Published
2024

39. Findings from Zhejiang University of Technology in Life Science Reported (Controllable Synthesis of Sandwich-type Magnetic Beads for Procalcitonin Detection On a Magnetic Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay).

Abstract

Researchers from Zhejiang University of Technology in Hangzhou, China have developed a method for synthesizing magnetic beads that can be used in immunoassays. These magnetic beads have a sandwich-like configuration and exhibit desirable properties such as high aqueous dispersity, rapid magnetic separation, and gradual sedimentation time. The researchers successfully used these magnetic beads in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to detect procalcitonin (PCT) at low concentrations. This research offers a solution for optimizing the properties of magnetic beads and demonstrates their potential in immunoassays. [Extracted from the article]

Published
2024

40. New Blood Research Findings Has Been Reported by Investigators at University of North Carolina Chapel Hill (Evaluation of the Ability of Commercial Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assays To Measure Mouse Tissue Factor).

Abstract

A recent study conducted at the University of North Carolina Chapel Hill evaluated the effectiveness of four commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) in measuring mouse tissue factor (TF) levels. TF is known to play a role in blood coagulation and is associated with thrombosis in various diseases, including sepsis and COVID-19. The study found that while some ELISAs were able to detect TF in cell lysates, they were unable to detect TF in plasma or extracellular vesicles (EVs) from mice with endotoxemia. These findings suggest that certain commercial ELISAs may have limitations in accurately measuring TF levels in specific biological samples. [Extracted from the article]

Published
2024

41. Research Results from University of Granada Update Knowledge of Coxiella burnetii (Comparison of an Enzyme Linked-Immunosorbent Assay and a Chemiluminescent Immunoassay with an Immunofluorescence Assay for Detection of Phase II IgM and IgG...).

Abstract

A recent study conducted by researchers at the University of Granada in Spain compared different methods for detecting antibodies against Coxiella burnetii, a bacterium that causes Q fever. The study compared the accuracy and specificity of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and a chemiluminescent immunoassay (CLIA) with an immunofluorescence assay (IFA) as a reference test. The results showed that the CLIA from Vircell was the most effective method for detecting phase II IgM antibodies, while both the ELISA and CLIA were suitable for detecting phase II IgG antibodies, with the ELISA being more sensitive. This research provides valuable insights for laboratory testing and diagnosis of Coxiella burnetii infections. [Extracted from the article]

Published
2024

42. Researchers Submit Patent Application, "Compositions And Methods Targeting S100a10 For The Treatment And Diagnosis Of Liver Cancer", for Approval (USPTO 20240094211).

Abstract

A patent application has been submitted for the invention of compositions and methods targeting S100A10 for the treatment and diagnosis of liver cancer. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of cancer-related death, and early detection is crucial for curative treatment. The invention aims to provide a diagnostic biomarker for early detection and tumor recurrence of liver cancer, as well as new treatment modalities. The methods involve determining the level of S100A10 in a sample obtained from the subject and administering a therapeutic agent for treating HCC if the level of S100A10 is increased. The therapeutic agents include small molecules, neutralizing antibodies, and inhibitory nucleic acids. [Extracted from the article]

Published
2024

43. Research on Prostatic Hyperplasia Detailed by Researchers at Central South University (Omentin-1 inhibits the development of benign prostatic hyperplasia by attenuating local inflammation).

Abstract

Researchers at Central South University have conducted a study on benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), a common disease affecting elderly men. Chronic inflammation is a critical factor in the development of BPH. The study focused on the role of a protein called Omentin-1 (ITLN-1) in mitigating BPH by reducing local inflammation in the prostate gland. The researchers used in vivo and in vitro experimental models to assess the effects of ITLN-1 on BPH severity, cell proliferation, and inflammatory response. The findings suggest that ITLN-1 plays a significant role in inhibiting the development of BPH by reducing local inflammation, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic target for BPH management. [Extracted from the article]

Published
2024

44. Lower frequencies of circulating suppressive regulatory T cells and higher frequencies of CD4 + naïve T cells at baseline are associated with severe immune-related adverse events in immune checkpoint inhibitor-treated melanoma.

Author

Kovacsovics-Bankowski M, Sweere JM, Healy CP, Sigal N, Cheng LC, Chronister WD, Evans SA, Marsiglio J, Gibson B, Swami U, Erickson-Wayman A, McPherson JP, Derose YS, Eliason AL, Medina CO, Srinivasan R, Spitzer MH, Nguyen N, Hyngstrom J, and Hu-Lieskovan S

Subjects
Humans, Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors adverse effects, Leukocytes, Mononuclear, Killer Cells, Natural, T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory, Melanoma drug therapy
Abstract

Background: Immune-related adverse events (irAEs) are major barriers of clinical management and further development of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) for cancer therapy. Therefore, biomarkers associated with the onset of severe irAEs are needed. In this study, we aimed to identify immune features detectable in peripheral blood and associated with the development of severe irAEs that required clinical intervention., Methods: We used a 43-marker mass cytometry panel to characterize peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 28 unique patients with melanoma across 29 lines of ICI therapy before treatment (baseline), before the onset of irAEs (pre-irAE) and at the peak of irAEs (irAE-max). In the 29 lines of ICI therapy, 18 resulted in severe irAEs and 11 did not., Results: Unsupervised and gated population analysis showed that patients with severe irAEs had a higher frequency of CD4 + naïve T cells and lower frequency of CD16 + natural killer (NK) cells at all time points. Gated population analysis additionally showed that patients with severe irAEs had fewer T cell immunoreceptor with Ig and ITIM domain (TIGIT + ) regulatory T cells at baseline and more activated CD38 + CD4 + central memory T cells (TCM) and CD39 + and Human Leukocyte Antigen-DR Isotype (HLA-DR) + CD8 + TCM at peak of irAEs. The differentiating immune features at baseline were predominantly seen in patients with gastrointestinal and cutaneous irAEs and type 1 diabetes. Higher frequencies of CD4 + naïve T cells and lower frequencies of CD16 + NK cells were also associated with clinical benefit to ICI therapy., Conclusions: This study demonstrates that high-dimensional immune profiling can reveal novel blood-based immune signatures associated with risk and mechanism of severe irAEs. Development of severe irAEs in melanoma could be the result of reduced immune inhibitory capacity pre-ICI treatment, resulting in more activated TCM cells after treatment., Competing Interests: Competing interests: SH-L has been scientific advisor/consultant for: Amgen, Ascendis, Astellas, BMS, Genmab, Merck, Nektar, Neon Therapeutics, Novartis, Regeneron, Vaccinex, Xencor; and has done contracted research through her affiliated institutions with Astellas, BioAtla, BMS, Boehringer Ingelheim, Checkmate, Dragonfly, F Star, Genentech, Kite Pharma, Merck, Neon Therapeutics, OncoC4, Pfizer, Plexxikon, Vaccinex, Vedanta, Xencor. US reports consultancy to Astellas, Exelixis, Seattle Genetics, Imvax, Sanofi, AstraZeneca and Gilead and research funding to institute from Janssen, Exelixis and Astellas/Seattle Genetics. JH conducts clinical trials from the following entities: BMS, Merck, Amgen, Philogen, Lyell, Lovance, NCI, Takara, Natera, Skyline. JM, AE-W, MK-B, ALE, JPM : None. JMS, NS, L-CC, WDC, COM and NN are currently employed by Teiko Bio and are shareholders. SAE and CPH was formerly employed by Teiko Bio and is a current shareholder. MHS and RS are founders, shareholders and board members of Teiko.bio. MHS has received a speaking honorarium from Standard BioTools. and Kumquat Bio, has been a paid consultant for Five Prime, Ono, January, Earli, Astellas, and Indaptus, and has received research funding from Roche/Genentech, Pfizer, Valitor, and Bristol Myers Squibb. WDC was employed by Fate Therapeutics within the last 24 months. NN was employed by Atreca within the last 24 months., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2024. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)

Published
2024
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45. Induction of cross‐neutralizing antibodies by sequential immunization with heterologous papillomavirus L1VLPs and its implications for HPV prophylactic vaccines.

Author

Zhang, Ting, Chen, Xue, Liao, Guoyang, Hu, Meili, Xu, Jianqing, and Xu, Xuemei

Subjects
HUMAN papillomavirus vaccines, IMMUNIZATION, IMMUNE serums, IMMUNOGLOBULINS, DENGUE viruses
Abstract

Sequential immunization with antigens from different strains of HIV‐1, influenza viruses or dengue viruses induced cross‐neutralizing antibodies and enhanced the antibody responses against previous antigens. The characteristics of neutralizing antibodies induced by sequential immunization with different types of human papillomavirus (HPV) L1 virus‐like particles (L1VLPs) are unclear. In this study, mice were primed with one or two types (HPV‐16 or HPV16/18) of L1VLPs, then boosted sequentially with HPV6/18/45/11/31/58 or HPV6/45/11/31/58 L1VLPs, and sera were analyzed with HPV pseudovirus‐based neutralization assay. The results showed that neutralizing activities against earlier immunized vaccine types were enhanced gradually by subsequent immunizations, and low levels of neutralizing activities against nonvaccine types (HPV33/35/52/59/68) were also observed. After absorbing the immune sera with vaccine‐type (HPV16/18/45) L1VLPs, neutralizing activities against tested priming and boosting types (HPV16/18/58) decreased significantly, and that against nonvaccine type (HPV‐33) was also partially eliminated. Moreover, neutralizing activities against vaccine types (HPV16/58) were significantly reduced after absorbing with nonvaccine‐type VLPs (HPV33/52). These data suggest that cross‐neutralizing epitopes exist among different HPV L1VLPs. The cross‐neutralizing activities against nonvaccine types and the enhanced neutralizing activities against earlier immunized vaccine types may result from sequential boosting with these cross‐neutralizing epitopes. These observations support early vaccination with more types of L1VLPs derived from HPVs that cause a serious threat to the population. Highlights: Sequential immunization with heterologous L1VLPs can induce cross‐neutralizing antibodies in mice.Antibodies induced by sequential immunization were mainly cross‐reactive and were possibly raised against conserved epitopes shared by vaccine‐type VLPs.Neutralizing antibody responses against earlier immunized types can be enhanced by subsequent heterologous boosts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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46. Quantification of retinal pigment epithelial phenotypic variation using laser scanning cytometry.

Author

Hjelmeland, LM, Fujikawa, A, Oltjen, SL, Smit-McBride, Z, and Braunschweig, D

Subjects
Animals, Humans, Mice, cis-trans-Isomerases, Superoxide Dismutase, Carrier Proteins, Eye Proteins, Antibodies, Laser Scanning Cytometry, Immunohistochemistry, Immunologic Techniques, Aging, Phenotype, Fluorescence, Female, Male, Retinal Pigment Epithelium, In Vitro Techniques, Ophthalmology & Optometry, Opthalmology and Optometry
Abstract

PurposeQuantifying phenotypic variation at the level of protein expression (variegation) within populations of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells may be important in the study of pathologies associated with this variation. The lack of quantitative methods for examining single cells, however, and the variable presence of pigment and/or lipofuscin complicate this experimental goal. We have applied the technique of laser scanning cytometry (LSC) to paraffin sections of mouse and human eyes to evaluate the utility of LSC for these measurements.MethodsMouse eyes were perfusion fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde and embedded in paraffin. Postmortem human eyes were fixed and dissected to obtain a 9-mm punch, which was then embedded in paraffin. A laser scanning cytometer equipped with violet, argon, and helium-neon lasers and the detectors for blue, green, and long red were used to record the fluorescence of each individual cell at all three wavelengths. Raw data were recorded and processed using the WinCyte software. Individual nuclei were identified by the fluorescence of the 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) nuclear counterstain. Next, RPE cells were uniquely identified in the green channel using an anti-retinal pigment epithelium-specific protein 65 kDa (anti-RPE65) monoclonal antibody with an Alexa Fluor 488-labeled secondary antibody. Mn-superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) was quantified in the long-red channel using an anti-MnSOD antibody and an Alexa Fluor 647-labeled secondary antibody. MnSOD(+) and RPE65(+) cells exhibited peaks in the plot of fluorescence intensity versus cell number, which could be characterized by the mean fluorescence intensity (MFI), the coefficient of variation (CV), and the percentage of total RPE cells that were also labeled for MnSOD.ResultsRPE cells can be uniquely identified in human and mouse paraffin sections by immunolabeling with anti-RPE65 antibody. A second antigen, such as MnSOD, can then be probed only within this set of RPE. Results are plotted primarily with the population frequency diagram, which can be subdivided into multiple regions. The data collected for each region include the MFI, the CV, and the number of cells that are immunolabeled in that region. Background interference from pigment or autofluorescent material can be successfully overcome by elevating the concentrations of fluorescent secondary antibodies. In the human and mouse eyes, age-related changes in MFI, CV, and percent RPE cells immunolabeled for MnSOD were observed.ConclusionsThe extent of the variability of gene expression in RPE cells at the protein level can be quantified by LSC. Relative changes in the MFI, the CV, and/or percentage of RPE cells double labeled for a second antigen quantify the changes observed. The analysis of these data also suggest whether the effects observed are related to local changes in transcription (alterations of CV) or major changes of protein expression (MFI), which are likely to be due to changes in the chromatin structure. The changes of these variables with age suggest that the observed age-related variegation is primarily due to changes in the chromatin structure in individual cells.

Published
2010

47. Production of highly and broad-range specific monoclonal antibodies against hemagglutinin of H5-subtype avian influenza viruses and their differentiation by mass spectrometry

Author

Violetta Sączyńska, Anna Bierczyńska-Krzysik, Violetta Cecuda-Adamczewska, Piotr Baran, Anna Porębska, Katarzyna Florys, Marcin Zieliński, and Grażyna Płucienniczak

Subjects
Influenza, Influenza hemagglutinin, Viral disease diagnosis, Infectious disease control, Immunologic techniques, Immunoassays, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract

Abstract Background The highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses of the H5 subtype, such as the H5N1 viral strains or the novel H5N8 and H5N2 reassortants, are of both veterinary and public health concern worldwide. To combat these viruses, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against H5 hemagglutinin (HA) play a significant role. These mAbs are effective diagnostic and therapeutic agents and powerful tools in vaccine development and basic scientific research. The aim of this study was to obtain diagnostically valuable mAbs with broad strain specificity against H5-subtype AIVs. Results We applied the hybridoma method to produce anti-HA mAbs. The cloning and screening procedures resulted in the selection of 7 mouse hybridoma cell lines and their respective antibody clones. Preliminary immunoreactivity studies showed that these newly established mAbs, all of the IgG1 isotype, had high specificity and broad-range activities against the H5 HAs. However, these studies did not allow for a clear distinction among the selected antibodies and mAb-secreting hybridoma clones. To differentiate the analyzed mAbs and determine the exact number of hybridoma clones, peptide mapping of the Fc and Fab fragments was performed using a Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Time of Flight (MALDI-TOF/TOF) mass spectrometer. Detailed analyses of the acquired MS and MS/MS spectra confirmed that the Fc fragments constituted highly conserved species- and isotype-immunoglobulin components, whereas the Fab fragments exhibited considerable variation in the sequences that determine antibody specificity. This approach enabled unambiguous characterization of the selected mAbs according to their peptide composition. As a result, 6 different clones were distinguished. Conclusions Our work provided a unique panel of anti-H5 HA mAbs, which meets the demand for novel, high-specificity analytical tools for use in serologic surveillance. Applications of these mAbs in areas other than diagnostics are also possible. Moreover, we demonstrated for the first time that peptide mapping of antibody fragments with mass spectrometry is an efficient method for the differentiation of antibody clones and relevant antibody-producing cell lines. The method may be successfully used to characterize mAbs at the protein level.

Published
2018
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48. Reports from Center for Forensic Science Research and Education Describe Recent Advances in Central Nervous System Agents [Evaluating cross-reactivity of new psychoactive substances (NPS) in human whole blood by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay...].

Abstract

A recent study conducted by the Center for Forensic Science Research and Education in Horsham, Pennsylvania, evaluated the effectiveness of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) in detecting novel psychoactive substances (NPS) in biological samples. The study found that ELISA-based screening was useful for detecting novel benzodiazepines, hallucinogens, and fentanyl analogs. However, there was limited application and a risk of false-negative results for other drug classes due to low or non-existent cross-reactivities. This research provides valuable insights into the development of effective and reliable screening technologies for NPS detection. [Extracted from the article]

Published
2024

49. Researchers from Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Detail Research in Membranous Nephropathy (A comparison of chemiluminescent immunoassay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detecting phospholipase A2 receptor...).

Abstract

A recent study conducted by researchers from the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University in China compared the effectiveness of two methods, chemiluminescent immunoassay (CLIA) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), in detecting phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R) autoantibodies in patients with primary membranous nephropathy (pMN). The study found that both CLIA and ELISA showed similar accuracy and consistency in detecting the autoantibodies. However, CLIA demonstrated a significant advantage in terms of automation and time-saving, particularly for smaller sample sizes. The researchers suggest that CLIA has the potential to become a preferred and widely adopted test in the future. [Extracted from the article]

Published
2024

50. Study Findings from Institute of Biomedical Sciences Advance Knowledge in Type 1 Diabetes (Impact of chronic psychological stress on platelet membrane fatty acid composition in a rat model of type 1 diabetes Mellitus).

Subjects
TYPE 1 diabetes, MEDICAL sciences, PSYCHOLOGICAL stress, FATTY acids, GLUCOSE metabolism disorders, IMMOBILIZATION stress
Abstract

A recent study conducted by the Institute of Biomedical Sciences examined the impact of chronic psychological stress on platelet membrane fatty acid composition in a rat model of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). The study found that chronic stress is associated with higher levels of corticosterone, saturated fatty acids in the platelet membrane, and increased platelet activation. Additionally, the study observed lower levels of unsaturated fatty acids in the T1DM and stress groups, indicating the disruptive effects of oxidative and inflammatory environments on lipid metabolism and neuroendocrine response. These findings contribute to our understanding of the relationship between stress, diabetes, and platelet function. [Extracted from the article]

Published
2024

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