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Purpose: To examine the clinical efficacy of a chlorhexidine gargle combined with recombinant bovine basic fibroblast growth factor (rb-bFGF) gel in the treatment of recurrent oral ulcers and its effects on inflammatory factors, immune function, and recurrence rate. Materials and Methods: Ninety-six patients with recurrent oral ulcers were randomly assigned to two groups: experimental (treatment with chlorhexidine gargle plus rb-bFGF gel) and control (treatment with chlorhexidine gargle alone) (n = 48 cases). The therapeutic efficacy, clinical improvement of symptoms, and recurrence rate within 3 months were compared between the two groups. Serum inflammatory factor and immune factor levels of patients in the two groups were measured before and after treatment. Results: A statistically significantly higher total effective rate was found in patients of the experimental group (95.83%) versus the control group (81.25%) (p < 0.05). The time to onset of pain relief was shortened, the duration of pain relief was prolonged, and VAS scores for pain level were lower in the experimental than the control group (p < 0.05). Among patients in the experimental group, the number of oral ulcers and ulcer area decreased, and faster onset of pain relief and time until normal eating improved in comparison to the control group (p < 0.05). Reduced levels of IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α were observed in the experimental vs the control group (p < 0.05). Elevated levels of CD3+, CD4+, and NKT and reduced levels of CD8+ were found in the experimental group compared to the control group (p < 0.05). The ulcer recurrence rate of patients in the experimental group (8.33%) was notably lower in comparison to the control group (29.17%). Conclusion: Chlorhexidine gargle plus rb-bFGF gel can improve the clinical outcome of patients with recurrent oral ulcers. It can reduce the levels of inflammatory factors, improve immune function, and reduce the recurrence rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Racial inequities in maternal and infant health are vast and well-documented. • Sleep duration and quality is central to overall health and well-being, particularly in perinatal women. • Focus is needed on multi-level influences on maternal sleep health stemming from structural racism. • Moreover understanding the biological underpinnings of health disparities is critical. • This review synthesizes the literature on sleep, racial disparities, and psychoneuroimmunology. Racial inequities in health are vast and well-documented, particularly regarding maternal and infant health. Sleep health, including but not limited to duration and quality, is central to overall health and well-being. However, research has not adequately addressed how racism embedded in structures and systems, in addition to individual experiences, may affect maternal health by impacting sleep. In this critical review, we aim to 1) synthesize findings, emphasizing collaborative studies within our group, 2) highlight gaps in knowledge, and 3) propose a theoretical framework and methodological approach for moving the field forward. Specifically, we focus on findings and future directions linking perinatal sleep, cardiovascular and immune function, and racial disparities in maternal health. Because too few studies look beyond individual-level determinants of sleep deficiencies among Black Americans, we assert a critical need for research that bridges multiple levels of analysis (e.g., individual, community, society) and provides recommendations for specific health parameters that researchers in this area can target. Although the need to understand and address perinatal health disparities is clear, the goal of identifying multilevel mechanisms underlying how racism in one's environment and daily life may interact to affect health extends far beyond pregnancy research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the associations between data-driven dietary patterns, immune function, and incident type 2 diabetes (T2D) and the mediating effects of immune function. Methods: This study included 375,665 participants without diabetes at baseline in the UK Biobank study. Dietary patterns were derived through principal component analysis of food frequency questionnaire data. Immune function was assessed using 14 individual inflammatory markers and an integrated low-grade inflammation score (INFLA-score). Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate the associations of dietary patterns or immune function with incident T2D. Linear regressions were used to estimate the associations of dietary patterns with immune function. Mediating effects of immune function were quantified. Results: During a median 14.6-year follow-up, 13,932 participants developed T2D. Four dietary patterns were identified: prudent diet (high in whole grains, vegetables, fruits, fish), wheat/dairy/eggs restrictive diet (limiting these foods), meat-based diet (high in red/processed meat, salt), and full-cream dairy diet (preference for full cream milk or dairy products). The prudent diet was negatively (HRQ4 vs Q1, 0.69 [95% CI, 0.65–0.72]), while the wheat/dairy/eggs restrictive diet (HRQ4 vs Q1, 1.08 [95% CI, 1.03–1.13]), meat-based diet (HRQ4 vs Q1, 1.12 [95% CI, 1.06–1.17]), and full-cream dairy diet (HRQ4 vs Q1, 1.08 [95% CI, 1.03–1.12]) were positively associated with incident T2D (all p for trend ≤0.04). The prudent diet was negatively and the full-cream dairy diet was positively associated with most inflammatory markers. Most inflammatory markers, especially INFLA-score (HR, 1.18 [95% CI, 1.16–1.20]), were positively associated with incident T2D. INFLA-score mediated 13% of the association with incident T2D for the prudent diet and 34% for the full-cream dairy diet. Conclusions: This study identified four distinct dietary patterns and a range of inflammatory markers associated with incident T2D. A notable proportion of the associations between dietary patterns and T2D was mediated by immune function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alpinia oxyphylla , a perennial herb belonging to the Zingiberaceae family, has a long history of traditional medicinal use. The present study evaluated the efficacy of different concentrations of Alpinia oxyphylla essential oil (AEO) on the growth performance, serum antioxidation capacities, immune function, apparent digestibility of nutrients, and gut microbiota in fattening pigs. A total of 120 pigs were divided into five treatments, with six replicates each and four pigs per replicate. The pigs were fed a basal diet or basal diet with chlortetracycline (CTC) alone or AEO at 250, 500, and 1,000 mg/kg (referred to as groups AEO1, AEO2, and AEO3, respectively) for 35 days, preceded by a 7-day pre-feed period. The results show that there were no statistically significant differences in growth performance for any dose of AEO supplementation. AEO increased L-DLC content, total protein content and the activity of GSH in serum (p < 0.05). The AEO also exhibited a linear increase in serum IgG content (p < 0.05). Dietary supplementation with AEO improved apparent digestibility of crude ash and calcium (p < 0.05). In gut microbiota, AEO modified the diversity and abundance of bacterial communities in fattening pigs. The abundance of Dorea , Blautia , Butyricicoccus , Bulleidia , and Lactobacillus was higher in the AEO groups compared to the control group, while Clostridium and Turicibacter were lower. The Bifidobacteriales and Pseudomonas were abundant in group AEO1 and AEO3, respectively. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of 1,000 mg/kg AEO has the potential to improve growth performance, immunological, biochemical, and antioxidant statuses. Additionally, AEO can increase the efficiency of nutrient digestion and absorption through the regulation of gut microbiota. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Assessing farm animals' welfare is crucial, yet practical physiological tools are still lacking. In this study, we tested whether the peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) transcriptome shows variations in association with sows' welfare. To do this, we compared animals whose welfare states were assumed to differ due to their lives in more or less enriched environments and to their different dominance statuses. Sows were housed in a conventional (C, n = 36) or enriched (E, n = 35) environments from gestation day 0 (G0) until three weeks before farrowing (G105), after which they were transferred to individual farrowing crates. From G99 to G103, behavioral analyses were conducted, and sows' dominance status was evaluated. A subset of 28 multiparous sows (C, n = 14 and E, n = 14) was selected for the collection of saliva on G35 and G98 and hair on G98 for cortisol measurement, and of blood samples for PBMC transcriptome analysis on G98 and on lactation day 12 (L12). Results: Both environmental enrichment (EE) and dominance status influenced cortisol and variables related to social and exploratory behavior, indicating an influence on sows' welfare. In the transcriptomic analysis, among the 12,260 genes submitted to differential analysis on G98, EE impacted 31 genes, while dominance status impacted 449 genes. Compared with subordinate sows (SUB), dominant (DOM) sows exhibited an upregulation of genes related to inflammatory process and plasma cell function, and downregulation of genes related to B-cell activation. In groups of sows, dominance status is partly related to sows' parity; therefore, we compared the effect of dominance with that of parity. Some common genes emerged when comparing high-parity (HP) vs. low-parity (LP) sows (542 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including 180 in common with dominance-related genes), indicating that some effects of dominance on the transcriptome during gestation were in fact more due to age or reproductive cycles than to dominance itself. EE and dominance effects appeared relatively short-term, as DEG numbers decreased on L12 (four DEGs for E vs. C, 25 for DOM vs. SUB). Conclusions: Dominance status exerted a more pronounced influence on sows' PBMC transcriptome than did environmental enrichment. In particular, dominance status modulated genes associated with B cells and plasma cell functions. Some of the genes identified in this study could be tested in the future as potential molecular markers of well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Sleep quality is increasingly acknowledged as critical for immune function and overall health. Poor sleep can disrupt immune response, elevating inflammation and susceptibility to infection and chronic diseases. Given the prevalence of sleep disturbances across populations, understanding their impact on immune health and overall wellness is essential. Purpose of Work: This review aims to examine the relationship between sleep quality and immune function by synthesizing findings on how poor sleep contributes to immune suppression, heightened inflammation, and mental health disturbances, particularly in vulnerable populations. This review also explores possible interventions to mitigate these effects. Material and Methods: A literature search was conducted on databases including PubMed and Google Scholar, focusing on studies from 2012 to 2023. Articles assessing sleep quality, immune markers, and the mediating roles of stress and depression were reviewed. Criteria included studies with both subjective and objective assessments of sleep, immune function, and relevant mental health markers. Summary: Findings indicate that poor sleep quality negatively impacts immune health, primarily through increased systemic inflammation and decreased immune cell functionality. Depression and stress further exacerbate these effects, particularly in populations with chronic illnesses or high psychological distress. Targeted interventions that improve sleep quality and manage stress may bolster immune resilience and overall health. Future research should continue to address these interactions across diverse populations to develop targeted interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Malnutrition is a common issue in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), leading to compromised immune function and diminished treatment efficacy. This is particularly concerning for therapies targeting the PD-1 pathway, which are pivotal in cancer treatment. The aim of this retrospective study was to explore the potential benefits of immunonutrition in improving immune responses and clinical outcomes for these patients. Methods: In the study, 49 individuals diagnosed with HNSCC were enrolled and divided into two groups: one group received specialized immunonutrition support designed to enhance immune function, while the other group received standard nutritional care. The researchers assessed immune function by evaluating CD4+ and CD8+ T cell counts, which are critical indicators of immune health. Additionally, clinical outcomes were monitored, focusing on infection rates and the duration of hospital stays. Results: Patients who received immunonutrition showed a significant improvement in immune function, as indicated by higher levels of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Furthermore, these patients experienced shorter recovery times and lower infection rates compared to those receiving standard nutrition. Conclusion: These findings suggest that immunonutrition may play a vital role in enhancing the effectiveness of cancer therapies, including PD-1 inhibitors. By supporting immune health, immunonutrition could potentially improve patient outcomes and quality of life during and after treatment. This study underscores the importance of integrating nutritional support into cancer care, particularly for patients with HNSCC. As the field of oncology continues to evolve, incorporating strategies that address nutritional deficiencies could be key to optimizing treatment efficacy and improving overall survival rates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hepatocellular carcinoma is the predominant histologic variant of hepatic malignancy and has become a major challenge to global health. The increasing incidence and mortality of hepatocellular carcinoma has created an urgent need for effective prevention, diagnosis, and treatment strategies. This is despite the impressive results of multiple treatments in the clinic. However, the unique tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment of hepatocellular carcinoma increases the difficulty of treatment and immune tolerance. In recent years, the application of nanoparticles in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma has brought new hope for tumor patients. Nano agents target tumor-associated fibroblasts, regulatory T cells, myeloid suppressor cells, tumor-associated macrophages, tumor-associated neutrophils, and immature dendritic cells, reversed the immunosuppressive microenvironment of hepatocellular carcinoma. In addition, he purpose of this review is to summarize the advantages of nanotechnology in guiding surgical excision, local ablation, TACE, standard chemotherapy, and immunotherapy, application of nano-vaccines has also continuously enriched the treatment of liver cancer. This study aims to investigate the potential applications of nanotechnology in the management of hepatocellular carcinoma, with the ultimate goal of enhancing therapeutic outcomes and improving the prognosis for patients affected by this malignancy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The clinical efficacy of systemic chemotherapy is limited due to the nonspecific delivery of anticancer drugs and is associated with serious systemic adverse effects. Therefore, integrated treatment and comprehensive care are particularly important for postoperative chemotherapy patients with lung cancer. Materials & methods: This study aimed to ascertain the application effect of multidisciplinary team (MDT)-style continuity of care combined with whole-process nutritional nursing in postoperative chemotherapy patients with lung cancer. Nutritional indices, immune function, adverse emotions, self-efficacy, self-care ability, quality of life and toxic reactions during chemotherapy were recorded in postoperative chemotherapy patients with lung cancer receiving routine care (control group) and MDT-style continuity of care combined with whole-process nutritional care (intervention group). Results: After care, the intervention group performed higher BMI, PA, TP and ALB, CD3+, CD4+ and CD4+/CD8+, lower levels of CD8+, lower self-rating anxiety scale, self-rating depression scale and QLQ-C30 symptom domain scores and higher general self-efficacy scale, exercise of self-care agency scale and QLQ-C30 functional domain scores versus the control group (all p < 0.05). Conclusion: MDT-style continuity of care combined with whole-process nutritional care can improve the nutritional status of postoperative chemotherapy patients with lung cancer, and in turn enhance their quality of life. Article highlights Multidisciplinary team (MDT)-style continuity of care combined with the whole-process nutritional nursing is conducive to maintaining the good nutritional status of patients during postoperative chemotherapy. MDT-style continuity of care combined with the whole-process nutritional nursing has obvious advantages in promoting patients' self-efficacy and self-care ability. MDT-style continuity of care combined with the whole-process nutritional nursing can improve the patients' adverse emotions during chemotherapy. MDT-style continuity of care combined with the whole-process nutritional nursing can effectively improve the quality of life in patients. MDT-style continuity of care combined with the whole-process nutritional nursing can reduce the occurrence of chemotherapy-related toxic reactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carcinoembryonic antigen‐related cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1) is a membrane protein that plays an important role in a variety of immune and non‐immune functions. Such functions are regulated by its activity as a homophilic ligand but also through its ability to interact as a heterophilic ligand with various host proteins. These include CEACAM5, T cell immunoglobulin‐mucin like protein‐3 (TIM‐3) and, potentially, protein death protein 1 (PD‐1). Furthermore, CEACAM1 is targeted by various pathogens to allow them to invade a host and bypass an effective immune response. Clinically, CEACAM1 plays an important role in infectious diseases, autoimmunity and cancer. In this review, we describe the structural basis for CEACAM1 interactions as a homophilic and heterophilic ligand. We discuss the regulation of its monomeric, dimeric and oligomeric states in cis and trans binding as well as the consequences for eliciting downstream signalling activities. Furthermore, we explore the potential role of avidity in determining CEACAM1's activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) have gained attention as feed additives due to their high bioavailability. However, research on their impact on fish growth and health is limited. To investigate the influences of dietary addition of ZnO NPs on growth performance and immune function of rare minnow, rare minnows were fed diets with different ZnO NPs content. Growth analysis showed that ZnO NPs had a negative effect on the weight of rare minnow, decreasing and then increasing condition factors (CFs) and specific growth rate. Additionally, the accumulated zinc (Zn) level was significantly higher (p < 0.05), and the liver injury index was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in the dietary ZnO NPs group compared to the control group. The number of erythrocytes and leukocytes in blood samples increased and then decreased after treatment with ZnO NPs. It was further found that ZnO NPs as a dietary supplement significantly increased the Zn content and markedly repressed the expression of growth‐related genes after 60 days of accumulation in muscle tissues, and accumulation in liver tissues for 60 days significantly enhanced the expression of immune modulation–related genes expression (p < 0.05). The findings suggested that short‐term supplementation of ZnO NPs could positively affect fish growth and immune function. However, prolonged supplementation of dietary ZnO NPs resulted in reduced body weight and compromised immune function owing to the buildup of Zn in different tissues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The maintenance of host health and immune function is heavily dependent on the gut microbiota. However, the precise contribution of individual microbial taxa to regulating the overall functionality of the gut microbiome remains inadequately investigated. Chickens are commonly used as models for studying poultry gut microbiota, with high-throughput 16S rRNA sequencing has emerged as a valuable tool for assessing both its composition and functionality. The interactions between the gut's microbial community and its host significantly influence health outcomes, disease susceptibility, and various mechanisms affecting gastrointestinal function. Despite substantial research efforts, the dynamic nature of this microbial ecosystem has led to inconsistencies in findings related to chicken gut microbiota, which is largely attributed to variations in rearing conditions. Consequently, the interaction between the chickens' gut microflora and its host remains inadequately explored. This review highlights recent advances in understanding these relationships, with a specific focus on microbial composition, diversity, functional mechanisms, and their potential implications for improving poultry production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The study aimed to investigate the impact of polyethylene glycol - conjugated recombinant human growth hormone (PEG - rhGH) treatment on immune function in children with growth hormone deficiency (GHD), by analyzing changes in lymphocyte subsets, immunoglobulin levels, and T helper cell (Th1/Th2) cytokines before and after treatment. Methods: Fifty - five children diagnosed with GHD were enrolled as study participants from May 2022 to June 2023 at the Department of Pediatrics of Huai' an First People's Hospital and Hongze District People's Hospital. According to the preferences of the participants, they were allocated into a control group (n=25) and a PEG-rhGH group (n=30) . The control group received guidance on exercise, diet, and sleep, while the PEG-rhGH group received PEG-rhGH treatment in addition to these interventions. Measurements of height, bone age, BMI, insulin-like growth factor -1 (IGF -1), lymphocyte subsets, Th1/Th2 cytokines, and immunoglobulin (Ig) levels were conducted at baseline and 3 months post-treatment. The changes in various parameters before and after the intervention were compared. Results: Before treatment, there were no significant differences in the baseline levels of the various indicators between the two groups. After 3 months of treatment, the standard deviation of height, growth rate, and serum IGF - 1 level in the PEG - rhGH group significantly increased compared to pre - treatment levels and were notably higher than those in the control group. After treatment, the PEG - rhGH group demonstrated a significantly higher proportion of CD3+, CD4+ and CD4+ /CD8+ as well as elevated levels of IgA, IgM, and IgG compared to the control group, while the proportion of CD8+ cells was notably lower in the PEG-rhGH group than in the control group, There were no significant differences in the proportion of CD19 + and CD3- CD16 + CD56 + cells between the two groups. Additionally, the levels of Th1/Th2 cytokines, interleukin (IL) -2, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in the PEG-rhGH group were significantly lower after treatment compared to before, and were significantly lower than those in the control group. There were still no significant differences in the levels of IL-4 and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) between the two groups. Conclusion: PEG-rhGH treatment not only improves the height of GHD children but also affects their cellular immunity and humoral immunity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The experiment aimed to investigate the effects of the modified Sijunzi powder on the egg quality, antioxidant function, and immune function of Lion-head goose. A total of 240 twenty-four months old female Lion-head geese were randomly divided into two groups, with five replicates per group, each consisting of 24 geese. The control group was fed a basic diet, while the herbal group was fed a test diet with the addition of 3 g/kg of the modified Sijunzi powder to the basic diet. The pre-feeding period was one week and the trial period lasted for four weeks. The results showed that compared to the control group, the albumen height, yolk weight, and Haugh unit of goose eggs in herbal group were significantly increased ( P<0.05). The concentrations of oleic acid, linoleic acid, and DHA in the goose eggs were significantly increased (P<0.05). The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the yolk and serum of the herbal group was significantly enhanced ( P<0.05), and the total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) was extremely increased (P<0.01), while the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) was significantly reduced ( P<0.05). The total cholesterol (TC) content and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity in the serum were also significantly decreased (P<0.05). The content of immunoglobulin A (IgA) was extremely increased (P<0.01), and the content of immunoglobulin M (IgM) was significantly increased (P<0.05). The study indicates that the addition of 3 g/kg modified Sijunzi powder to the diet can improve the egg quality, enhance the antioxidant capacity and immune function of Lion-head goose. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The experiment aimed to investigate the effects of peptidoglycan and lipoteichoic acid extracted from Bacillus pumilus SE5, when added individually and in combination, on the immune response, antioxidant capacity, and intestinal morphology of Epinephelus coioides. A total of 540 healthy groupers with an initial body weight of (14.69±0.04) g were randomly divided into six groups, with three replicates per group and 30 fish per replicate. The control group (CG group) was fed a basal diet, while the experimental groups were fed the basal diet supplemented with inactivated Bacillus pumilus SE5 (1.0 x 108 CFU/g, HIB group), peptidoglycan (52.86 mg/kg, PGN group), lipoteichoic acid (6.60 mg/kg, LTA group), and combined peptidoglycan and lipoteichoic acid (26.43 mg/kg + 3.30 mg/kg, PLA01 group; 52.86 mg/kg + 6.60 mg/kg, PLA02 group). The trial period was eight weeks. The results showed that the acid phosphatase (ACP) activity in the liver of Epinephelus coioides in the HIB and PLA01 groups was significantly higher than that in the CG and LTA groups (P<0.05). The intestinal superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in the HIB group was significantly higher than that in the CG group (P<0.05). The malondialdehyde (MDA) content in the intestines of all experimental groups was significantly lower than that in the CG group (P<0.05). Except for the HIB and LTA groups, the villus height in the intestines of all experimental groups was significantly higher than that in the CG group (P<0.05), with the PLA01 group having the longest villi. The muscle layer thickness was greatest in the PLA02 group, and the muscle layer thickness in the PGN, PLA02 groups was significantly higher than that in the CG group (P<0.05). The study indicates that the combined addition of lipoteichoic acid and peptidoglycan from Bacillus pumilus SE5 has a better promoting effect on the immune efficiency, intestinal antioxidant capacity, and intestinal morphology of Epinephelus coioides than individual additions, and PLA01 group shows better potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Transcutaneous Electrical Acupoint Stimulation (TEAS) is a technique that involves stimulating specific acupoints on the body with electrical currents. It may regulate nerve excitability and improve nerve function. This study aimed to assess the impact of TEAS on gastrointestinal motility, nutrition, and immune function in patients post cerebrovascular accident surgery in the intensive care unit (ICU). Methods: A randomized controlled trial included 300 post-cerebrovascular surgery patients at Lishui Central Hospital (January 2021–June 2023). Patients were randomly assigned to TEAS or control groups in a 1:1 ratio. The TEAS group received TEAS at bilateral Zusanli (ST36), Shangjuxu (ST37), Tianshu (ST25), Neiguan (PC6), and Hegu (LI4) according to the International Acupuncture Point Code, plus standard care. The control group received routine enteral nutrition and sham TEAS. Nutritional, immune, and gastrointestinal motility indicators were compared. Results: A randomized controlled trial involving 300 post-surgery patients compared TEAS to sham TEAS, demonstrating significant enhancements (p < 0.05) in immune function and gastrointestinal motility. Compared to the control group, the TEAS group showed significant improvements in the patient's serum nutritional levels (prealbumin, albumin, hemoglobin, and total protein), immune status (IgG, IgA, IgM, and CD4+/CD8+), gastrointestinal motility (daily gastric residual volume, time to achieve target feeding volume, time for nutritional fluid to meet standards, time to first bowel movement, time to first passage of activated charcoal stool, time to reach the defecation volume), and overall condition (the scores of clinical scales and ICU stay duration) (p < 0.05). The TEAS group also experienced a significantly lower incidence of adverse events (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Early TEAS intervention positively impacted recovery, shortened ICU stay, and improved outcomes in patients post cerebrovascular accident surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The impact of exercise on pediatric tumor biology is essentially unknown. We explored the effects of regular exercise on tumor proteome profile (as assessed with liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry) in a mouse model of one of the most aggressive childhood malignancies, high-risk neuroblastoma (HR-NB). Tumor samples of 14 male mice (aged 6–8 wk) that were randomly allocated into an exercise (5-wk combined aerobic and resistance training) or nonexercise control group (6 and 8 mice/group, respectively) were analyzed. The Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins database was used to generate a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and enrichment analyses. The Systems Biology Triangle (SBT) algorithm was applied for analyses at the functional category level. Tumors of exercised mice showed a higher and lower abundance of 101 and 150 proteins, respectively, than controls [false discovery rate (FDR) < 0.05]. These proteins were enriched in metabolic pathways, amino acid metabolism, regulation of hormone levels, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor signaling (FDR < 0.05). The SBT algorithm indicated that 184 and 126 categories showed a lower and higher abundance, respectively, in the tumors of exercised mice (FDR < 0.01). Categories with lower abundance were involved in energy production, whereas those with higher abundance were related to transcription/translation, apoptosis, and tumor suppression. Regular exercise altered the abundance of hundreds of intratumoral proteins and molecular pathways, particularly those involved in energy metabolism, apoptosis, and tumor suppression. These findings provide preliminary evidence of the molecular mechanisms underlying the potential effects of exercise in HR-NB. NEW & NOTEWORTHY: We used liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry to explore the impact of a 5-wk exercise intervention on the tumor proteome profile in a mouse model of one of the most aggressive childhood malignancies, high-risk neuroblastoma. Exercise altered the abundance of hundreds of proteins and pathways, particularly those involved in energy metabolism and tumor suppression. These molecular changes could mediate, at least partly, the potential antitumorigenic effects of exercise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Exploring the clinical efficacy of tumor cell reduction combined with neoadjuvant chemotherapy in treatment of ovarian cancer. Methods: Retrospective analysis was conducted of one hundred patients with advanced ovarian cancer at Yellow River Sanmenxia Hospital from January 2017 to December 2022. They were divided into control group and observation group based on treatment methods, with 50 cases in each group. The control group was treated with tumor cell reduction surgery, the observation group treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy and tumor cell reduction surgery. The surgical related conditions, clinical treatment effects, tumor markers, cellular immune function levels, quality of life, and adverse reactions were compared. Results: The observation group had shorter surgical and hospitalization times, with less intraoperative blood loss and abdominal fluid accumulation compared to control group (P<0.05). The serum levels in both groups of patients were significantly reduced, and observation group had a higher degree of decrease (P<0.05). The levels of cellular immune function levels in both groups improved significantly, and observation group showed more significant improvement (P<0.05). The total efficacy of observation group patients was 72.00%, higher than control group's 52.00% (P<0.05). The SS-QOL scores of both groups of patients improved significantly, and the degree of improvement in observation group was significant (P<0.05). Conclusion: The combination of tumor cell reduction surgery and neoadjuvant chemotherapy for ovarian cancer can significantly shorten surgical and hospitalization time, inhibit tumor marker expression, improve patient immune function and quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To analyze the medication rule and composition characteristics of national patent Chinese medicine compound for improving the immune function of tumor patients. Methods We obtained the patent data of Chinese medicine compound for improving the immune function of tumor patients from 1993 to 2022 by searching the patent database of the China National Intellectual Property Administration. Microsoft Excel 2016 was used to establish a prescription database and standardize the processing of data. IBM SPSS Modeler 18.0, Microsoft Excel 2016 and IBM SPSS Statistics 26.0 were used for Apriori association rule analysis, drug frequency statistics and system clustering analysis. Results A total of 107 patents for Chinese medicine compound for improving the immune function of tumor patients was included, involving 339 Chinese medicines, with a total medication frequency of 994 times. Twenty-two high-frequency (frequency ≥ 9 times) Chinese herbal medicines were analyzed. The most frequently used Chinese herbal medicine is Astragali Radix. Systematic clustering analysis on high-frequency Chinese medicine was conducted, and the results are divided into six categories. After analyzing the association rules of Chinese medicine with a frequency of ≥ 2, we obtained high-frequency drug pairs such as "Astragali Radix- Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma" and "Astragali Radix- Angelicae Sinensis Radix". The combination of triplet medicinals with high confidence was "Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma- Astragali Radix-Angelicae Sinensis Radix", "Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma- Astragali Radix-Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma" and "Poria- Lycii Fructus- Angelicae Sinensis Radix", et al. The four properties are mainly cold, warm and calm, while the five flavors are mainly bitter, sweet and pungent. They mostly belong to the liver, spleen and kidney meridians. The most frequently used Chinese medicine are tonifying deficiency drugs and promoting blood circulation and resolving stasis drugs. Conclusion National patent Chinese medicine compound mainly improves the immune function of tumor patients by tonifying deficiency drugs and invigorating blood and resolving blood stasis drugs, which is in line with the pathogenesis characteristics of deficiency and blood stasis in traditional Chinese medicine. The treatment has the characteristic of treating both manifestation and root cause, and is in good agreement with the theoretical basis of traditional Chinese medicine in improving the immune function of tumor patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: The nutritional management of pregnant females can have lasting impacts on offspring growth, health, and well-being during postnatal life. Providing supplemental vitamins and minerals during pregnancy may influence offspring development and immune function. In two experiments, we investigated the impacts of supplementing vitamins and minerals to pregnant beef heifers on immunological components of maternal colostrum and resultant calf immunoglobulins in serum after consuming maternal colostrum or a colostrum replacement product. Antibody titers in blood from calves were also evaluated in response to receiving vaccinations through weaning. We observed no influence of maternal supplementation on colostral immunoglobulins or calf serum immunoglobulins 24 h after consuming colostrum, but calves receiving colostrum from their dams had greater immunoglobulin concentrations in their serum compared with calves receiving a colostrum replacer. Additionally, calves born to vitamin and mineral supplemented dams had increased titer responses to vaccination at weaning compared with calves born to non-supplemented dams. These data indicate that supplementary vitamins and minerals to gestating beef heifers may be a critical factor in programming offspring immune system development, ensuing animal health, and supporting profitability in beef operations. Two experiments assessed the effects of providing a vitamin and mineral supplement to gestating beef heifers on concentrations of immunoglobulins (Ig) in colostrum and calf serum 24 h after feeding maternal colostrum (Exp. 1) or a colostrum-replacement product (Exp. 2). Angus-based heifers (n = 31, Exp. 1; n = 14, Exp. 2) were fed a basal diet (CON) or were fed a basal diet plus a vitamin and mineral supplement (VTM) from breeding (Exp. 1) or 60 d pre-breeding (Exp. 2) through calving. Colostrum was collected at calving, and serum was collected from calves 24 h after colostrum consumption to evaluate passive transfer. Serum was collected from calves in Exp. 1 to determine serum titers in response to vaccination at birth, pasture turn out, weaning, and 14 d after vaccination. Concentrations of IgG, IgM, or IgA in colostrum or in calf serum at 24 h were not impacted by dam treatment (p ≥ 0.21); however, concentrations of Ig in calf serum at 24 h were greater (p ≤ 0.01) in calves receiving maternal colostrum than those receiving a colostrum replacer. Calves born to VTM heifers had greater antibody titers at birth, pasture turn out, and weaning for infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR), bovine viral diarrhea virus type 2 (BVD-2), and bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV), respectively. Our results suggest that the programming of immune function in calves via prenatal nutrition appears to extend postnatally in CON and VTM offspring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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ABSTRACT Genetic variation that impacts gene regulation, rather than protein function, can have strong effects on trait variation both within and between species. Epigenetic mechanisms, such as DNA methylation, are often an important intermediate link between genotype and phenotype, yet genetic effects on DNA methylation remain understudied in natural populations. To address this gap, we used reduced representation bisulfite sequencing to measure DNA methylation levels at 555,856 CpGs in peripheral whole blood of 573 samples collected from free‐ranging rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) living on the island of Cayo Santiago, Puerto Rico. We used allele‐specific methods to map cis‐methylation quantitative trait loci (meQTL) and tested for effects of 243,389 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on local DNA methylation levels. Of 776,092 tested SNP–CpG pairs, we identified 516,213 meQTL, with 69.12% of CpGs having at least one meQTL (FDR < 5%). On average, meQTL explained 21.2% of nearby methylation variance, significantly more than age or sex. meQTL were enriched in genomic compartments where methylation is likely to impact gene expression, for example, promoters, enhancers and binding sites for methylation‐sensitive transcription factors. In support, using mRNA‐seq data from 172 samples, we confirmed 332 meQTL as whole blood cis‐expression QTL (eQTL) in the population, and found meQTL–eQTL genes were enriched for immune response functions, like antigen presentation and inflammation. Overall, our study takes an important step towards understanding the genetic architecture of DNA methylation in natural populations, and more generally points to the biological mechanisms driving phenotypic variation in our close relatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: There is a pressing need for the hospitals to improve their quality and become more patient-centered. Over the last decade, several approaches were implemented to meet this demand, such as hospital accreditation or patient surveys. Many studies have addressed the patient involvement systems from the viewpoint of the factors that drive them or the achieved performance. In this study, we examined the patient involvement from the viewpoint of its function and operation rather than its performance. Following Luhmann, we reconsidered quality to be related to the absorption of uncertainty rather than improvement or innovation. The adaptation of an organization to involve patient participation can be regarded as contributing to the immune function of the organizational system. Methods: Three case studies addressing patient and family advisory councils in general hospitals were conducted in Belgium. Qualitative empirical material is retrieved from observation, documentation, and interviews. Results: Our findings suggest that the immune function of the hospital organization operates in four main phases. First, we assess how the communicative process indicates the relevant difference that needs to be addressed. Role differentiation occurs through the depoliticization and depersonalization of criticism. Second, given the impossible realization of first-order observation of the environment, our material shows how second-order observation is organized through a dual representation. Third, we unveil how the environmental representation requires a specific organizational socialization to overcome the representation paradox. Finally, we analyze how the whole described process must fulfil the preparation of a repertoire of responses to the irritations of its environment. Discussion: The analysis revealed that patient and family advisory councils complete a crucial immune function for organizations, far beyond the simple discussion of the "nuts and bolts" of organizational structure. These findings permit to discuss implications of the notions of participation and quality regarding to identity work of stakeholders, open organization, and change management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this research was to investigate the effects of adding moringa polysaccharides (MOP) on the growth performance, immune function, rumen tissue morphology, and rumen microbial community in early-weaned goat kids. Twenty-one 7-day-old Leizhou male goat kids weighing (3.05 ± 0.63) kg, were randomly divided into a control group (CON group), a low-dose group (LOW group), and a high-dose group (HIG group). MOP was added to the goat kids' milk replacer (MR) at 0, 0.15, and 0.3% (on dry matter basis),fed until 60 days of age, and four goat kids in each group with body weights close to the mean of each group were selected for slaughter. The results showed that, compared to the CON group, the MOP groups significantly improved final body weight, body measurements, daily weight gain, and feed intake of the early weaned goat kids; significantly reduced the content of propionic acid, butyric acid, valeric acid, and ammoniacal nitrogen; and in addition, the addition of MOP could significantly increase the height of rumen nipple, the content of immunoglobulin G (IgG) in the serum. The HIG group significantly increased rumen pH, rumen muscularis layer thickness, rumen wall thickness, and serum immunoglobulin A (IgA), and immunoglobulin M (IgM). In conclusion, the addition of MOP positively impacted the growth performance, serum immune function, and rumen tissue morphology in early-weaned goat kids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chinese herbal medicine is a treasure of Chinese traditional culture. It has many kinds, wide sources, small side effects, and has the advantages of green, natural, no residue, no pollution, etc. As a feed additive, it plays an important role in the field of animal husbandry. In modern animal husbandry, Chinese herbal medicine is widely used as a new feed additive. In order to provide reference value for the application of Chinese herbal medicine in poultry feeding this paper introduces the application of Chinese herbal medicine in broiler feeding and its effect on the growth performance and meat quality of broilers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To explore the effect of vitamin D adjuvant therapy in children with allergic asthma and its effects on intestinal flora and immune function. Methods: 120 children with allergic asthma in our hospital from January 2021 to December 2023 were divided into control group and combination group with oral vitamin D3 in the control group, and both groups were treated for 6 months. Compare the two groups of children. Results: After treatment, the symptoms and medication points of the two groups were reduced, the immune function index was improved, the intestinal flora was improved, and the combination group was better than the con- trol group (P<0.05), and the incidence of adverse reactions in the combination group was no different than that in the control group (P>0.05). Conclusion: The adjuvant therapy with vitamin D can significantly improve the clinical effects of allergic asthma in children, which may be related to the improvement of the immune function and intestinal flora of the children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fungal probiotics have the potential as feed additives, but less has been explored in ruminant feed up to date. This study aimed to determine the effect of compound probiotics (CPs) with Aspergillus oryzae 1, Aspergillus oryzae 2 and Candida utilis on Hu sheep's growth performance, rumen fermentation and microbiota. A total of 120 male Hu sheep, aged 2 months and with the body weight of 16.95 ± 0.65 kg were divided into 4 groups. Each group consisted of 5 replicates, with 6 sheep per replicate. Group A was the control group fed with the basal diet. Group B, C and D was supplemented with the basal diet by adding 400, 800 and 1,200 grams per ton (g/t) CPs, respectively. The feeding trial lasted for 60 days after a 10-day adaptation period. The results showed that the average daily gain (ADG) of sheep in the CPs groups were significantly higher, the feed/gain were significantly lower than those in group A in the later stage and the overall period. The addition of CPs increased the economic benefit. The levels of CD4+ and the CD4+/CD8+ ratio in the CPs groups were higher than those in Group A. The levels of GSH, IgG, IL-2, IL-6, and IFN- γ in group C were significantly elevated compared with group A. Group B showed a significant increase in rumen NH3-N and cellulase activity. There was no difference in VFAs content between group A and group B, however, with the increasing addition of CPs, the butyric acid and isobutyric acid content tended to decrease. The rumen microbiota analysis indicated that the CPs addition increased the Firmicutes and Proteobacteria abundances, decreased the Bacteroidetes abundance. The correlation analysis showed that Prevotella was negatively correlated with ADG, and the addition of 400 CPs in group B reduced Prevotella 's relative abundance, indicating CPs increased sheep growth by decreasing Prevotella abundance. The CPs addition reduced caspase-3, NF-κB and TNF- α expression in liver, jejunum and rumen tissues. In conclusion, the addition of CPs increased the sheep production performance, reduced inflammation, improved rumen and intestinal health. Considering the above points and economic benefits, the optimal addition of CPs as an additive for Hu sheep is 800 g/t. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a leading cause of death and morbidity worldwide. Ferroptosis, a form of regulated cell death, plays a critical role in modulating immune functions during AMI. This study aimed to identify ferroptosis-related hub genes that could serve as potential therapeutic targets in the progression of AMI. Methods: Bioinformatics was used to identify overlapping genes associated with ferroptosis and the infiltration of 22 immune cells by Cell-type Identification by Estimating Relative Subsets of RNA Transcript (CIBERSORT) analysis. The expression of ferroptosis-related genes in AMI was validated across independent datasets, clinical samples, and in vitro cellular experiments. The predictive value for heart failure was evaluated in the first dimension of principal component analysis (PCA) using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Results: The study identified 11 key ferroptosis-related genes significantly correlated with immune cell abundance. CIBERSORT analysis highlighted immune dysregulation in AMI. JDP2, DUSP1, TLR4, NFS1, and SLC1A5 were identified as potential biomarkers for AMI progression. Additionally, JDP2, DUSP1, and DDIT4 demonstrated strong predictive value for long-term heart failure. Conclusion: This study highlights the potential association of ferroptosis-related genes with the pathogenesis of AMI, suggesting a role in the molecular mechanisms that may underlie acute coronary events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate effect of trimetazidine (TMZ) on immune function of Streptococcus pneumoniae (SP) pneumonia rats through cyclic guanylate adenylate synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon gene (STING) pathway. Methods: Rats were randomly separated into model group, TMZ group and DMXAA group (cGAS-STING signaling pathway activator). SP pneumonia rat model was replicated by intranasal instillation of SP, while rats in control group were infused with an equal amount of physiological saline. ELISA was applied to detect IL-1β and IL-10 levels. Flow cytometry was applied to detect CD4*T and CD8*T levels. Spleen and thymus indexes of rats in each group were compared. Transmission turbidity method was applied to detect IgG and IgA levels. HE staining was applied to observe pathological changes in lung tissue. Western blot was applied to detect cGAS-STING pathway proteins expressions. Results: Compared with control group, rats in model group showed an increase in alveolar wall and lung interstitium, accompanied by edema, bleeding and inflammatory cell infiltration, IL-1β, CD8*T cells levels, lung tissue pathological injury score, cGAS, STING expressions were increased, IL-10, CD4*T cells levels, CD4*T/CD8*T, spleen and thymus indexes, IgG, IgA levels were decreased (P<0.05). Compared with model group, rats in TMZ group showed reduced thickening of alveolar walls, great improvement in alveolar structure, and less infiltration of inflammatory cells, IL-1β, CD8*T cells levels, lung tissue pathological injury score, cGAS, STING expressions were decreased, IL-10, CD4*T cells levels, CD4*T/CD8*T, spleen and thymus indexes, IgG, IgA levels were increased (P<0.05). Compared with TMZ group, IL-1(3, CD8*T levels, pathological injury score of lung tissue, cGAS and STING expressions in DMXAA group were increased, while IL-10, CD4*T cells levels, CD4*T/CD8*T, spleen and thymus index, IgG and IgA levels were decreased (P<0.05). Conclusion: TMZ may inhibit inflammation by inhibiting cGAS-STING signaling pathway, and enhance immune function of rats with SP pneumonia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To determine the effect of combining Eustachian tube balloon dilatation with triamcinolone acetonide on inflammatory response and immune function in secretory otitis media patients. Methods: Seventy-six (76) patients diagnosed with acute secretory otitis media in the Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China were randomly assigned to study group (SG) and control group (CG). Patients in CG received 40 mg triamcinolone acetonide injections in the tympanic membrane weekly for 4 weeks, while SG patients were administered Eustachian tube balloon dilatation in addition to triamcinolone acetonide injection. Pre- and posttreatment assessments in the two evaluated groups included the proportion of T lymphocytes, serum inflammatory molecules and Eustachian Tube Score (ETS). Results: The study group exhibited a significantly higher efficacy (92.1 %) than the control group (68.4 %; p < 0.05). In addition, the study group exhibited higher CD8+, CD4+, CD4+/CD8+ ratio and T cells proportion after treatment (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the concentration of serum inflammatory cytokines (PCT, IL-2, IL-4, TNF-α) in SG was significantly lower than that in CG (p < 0.05). Also, the ETS score in CG was lower (3.53 ± 2.40) compared to SG (5.25 ± 2.02) after treatment (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The combination of triamcinolone acetonide and Eustachian tube balloon dilation demonstrates enhanced efficacy in alleviating symptoms, diminishing inflammatory responses and reestablishing immune balance in the treatment of acute secretory otitis media, underscoring its significant promise. Longer follow-up and larger sample size prospective studies are, however, warranted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objectives] The study was conducted to investigate the effect of high temperature stored soybean meal on the growth performance, immune function and intestinal barrier of broilers. [Methods] A total of 216 1-day-old healthy male Arbor Acres (AA)broilers were randomly divided into 3 groups with 6 replicates of 12 broilers each, and fed diets consisting of fresh soybean meal (control group), 14-day and 28-day high temperature stored soybean meal (storage temperature 35 ℃). The experiment lasted for 21 days. At the end of the trial period, one broiler with close to average body weight was selected and slaughtered for sampling in each replicate. [Results] Compared with control group, high temperature storage significantly increased protein carbonyl content (P<0.05)and significantly decreased the sulfhydryl content (P<0.05)of soybean meal; compared with the 14-day high temperature stored soybean meal group, 28-day high temperature stored soybean meal group had a higher carbonyl content (P<0.05)and a lower sulfhydryl content (P<0.05). Compared with control group, feeding high temperature stored soybean meal significantly reduced average body weight and daily gain (P<0.05), and increased the feed to weight ratio of broilers (P<0.05), but had no significant effect on the average daily feed intake; 28-day high temperature stored soybean meal decreased bursa of fabricius index of broilers (P<0.05). High temperature stored soybean meal groups showed thinning of the thymic cortex, blurring of the junction between cortex and medulla, and an increase in the volume and quantity of thymic corpuscles of broilers; high temperature stored soybean meal groups resulted in an increase in the infiltration area of inflammatory cells in the liver of broilers. High temperature stored soybean meal significantly reduced the levels of secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) and immunoglobulin M (IgM) in jejunal mucosa of broilers (P<0.05), and 28-day high temperature storage soybean meal decreased immunoglobulin G (IgG)content in jejunal mucos of broilers (P<0.05). 28-day high temperature stored soybean meal reduced sIgA, IgG and IgM contents in ileum mucosa of broilers (P<0.05), whereas this effect was not observed in 14-day high temperature stored soybean meal group. The myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity of jejunal mucosa in soybean meal high temperature storage group reduced (P<0.05), and MPO activity of ileal mucosa in the 28-day high temperature storage soybean meal group significantly reduced (P<0.05). The content of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-10 (IL-10) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in the jejunal mucosa of 28-day high temperature storage soybean meal group reduced (P<0.05). Diamine oxidase (DAO) activity was significantly higher (P<0.05) in the serum of broilers fed with high temperature stored soybean meal, but there was no significant change in the expression of genes related to intestinal barrier integrity. [Conclusions] The result indicated that 35 ℃ high temperature storage caused protein oxidation of soybean meal, and high temperature stored soybean meal reduced growth performance during 1 to 21 days and affected the immune function and intestinal barrier integrity of broilers, with its effect degree increasing linearly with protein oxidation of stored soybean meal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to investigate the effect of hetrombopag combined with conventional treatment on immune function in patients with severe aplastic anemia (SAA). Patients were categorized into the control group (n = 50, receiving conventional treatment only) and experimental group (n = 50, receiving hetrombopag combined with conventional treatment). Before treatment and at weeks 18, 24, and 52 after treatment, the two groups were compared in routine blood test indicators, natural killer (NK) cell activity, and peripheral blood inflammatory factor levels. The overall remission rate and incidence of adverse events were also compared between the two groups. Outpatient or telephone follow-up was performed before treatment and at weeks 18, 24, and 52 after treatment to observe patients' immune function, treatment outcome, quality of life, and adverse events. Hemoglobin (Hb), and platelet count (PLT) (P < 0.05), and a rise in NK cell activity (P < 0.05). Interleukin (IL-10) levels were significantly higher, while IL-6 levels were significantly lower in the experimental group compared to the control group (P < 0.05). After receiving the treatment, all scores of SF-36 domains in both groups were higher than before treatment, particularly with higher scores in the experimental group (P < 0.05). Hetrombopag combined with conventional treatment improved the immune function and hematopoiesis of patients with SAA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To explore the expression characteristics and clinical value of immune function indicators in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Methods: In this retrospective study, clinical data of 196 patients with HIV infection (observation group) and 196 health examinees (control group) admitted to our hospital from November 2021 to March 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients in the observation group were further classified based on the staging as acute phase (n=53), asymptomatic phase (n=65), and acquired immunodeficiency (AIDS) phase (n=78). Levels of immune function indicators in the observation group and the control group were compared, and the correlation between immune function index levels and disease staging was analyzed. Results: Levels of CD3+, CD4+, CD4+/CD8+, B cells, and NK cells were lower in the observation group (P<0.05), were significantly lower in asymptomatic patients compared with patients in the acute phase (P<0.05), and were significantly lower in patients with AIDS than those in asymptomatic patients (P<0.05). The results for CD8+ were in contrast to the above(P<0.05). Spearman analysis confirmed that levels of CD3+, CD4+, CD4+/CD8+, B cells and NK cells significantly negatively correlated, and levels of CD8+ significantly positively correlated with the stages of HIV (P<0.05). Conclusions: The immune function indicators of patients with HIV infection are markedly abnormal, which is mainly manifested by the decreased levels of CD3+, CD4+, CD4+/CD8+, B cells and NK cells, and the increased levels of CD8+. The profile of the immune function indicators correlates with the progressive severity of the disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Complications from general anesthesia, including pneumonia and decreased wound healing, are influenced by changes in immune cell function secondary to sedatives and anesthetics. It was hypothesized that immune cell function would be depressed in the early postanesthetic period. The objective was to investigate airway immune cell function before and after a general anesthetic episode in an equine in vivo model using ex vivo cell stimulations with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for assessment of immune function. Prospective experimental study. Six healthy, adult, institution-owned horses. Each horse underwent a bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) 3 days before and immediately after a 2 hour general anesthetic. The BAL fluid was examined for cytology, total nucleated cell count and isolation of immune cells. Airway immune cells were treated with LPS or media (control) for 6 hours and supernatant was analyzed via a commercially available immunoassay for cytokines [tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, interferon gamma (IFNγ) and CXC motif chemokine ligand 8 (CXCL8)]. Data were compared using t -tests and Mann–Whitney tests. Before anesthesia (baseline), LPS stimulation induced a significant increase in all cytokines of interest, except CXCL8, versus control samples. Unstimulated cells, after an anesthetic episode, had a significant 1.8-fold increase in IL-1β (p = 0.029), and a significant decrease in IL-6 and TNFα (p = 0.028 and 0.033, respectively) versus baseline. Following anesthesia, stimulated cells had a significant decrease in IL-6 and TNFα (p = 0.037 and 0.042, respectively) versus baseline. This study supports the use of an equine in vivo model to assess airway immune cell function in relation to general anesthetic use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The regulatory role of estrogen receptor beta (ERβ) and the JNK signaling pathway in the effect of high-dose boron on rat splenic lymphocytes has been examined by measuring proliferation, apoptosis, and immune function. The results showed that, compared with the control group, the addition of high-dose boron (40 mmol/L) reduced the proportion of CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ T lymphocytes, the concentrations of IgG, IL-2, IFN-γ, and IL-4, the proliferation rate of splenic lymphocytes, and the expression levels of PCNA and Bcl-2 mRNA (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05), and increased the apoptosis rate of splenic lymphocytes, caspase-3, and BAX mRNA expression levels (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05). After specific blocking of ERβ, the addition of high-dose boron could not reduce the proportion of CD8+ T lymphocytes, the concentrations of IgG and cytokines IL-2, IFN-γ, and IL-4, the lymphocyte proliferation rate, or PCNA mRNA expression levels, nor could it increase BAX mRNA expression levels. After specific blocking of JNK, the addition of high-dose boron could not increase BAX mRNA expression levels. However, after specific blocking of ERβ and JNK, the addition of high-dose boron could neither reduce the proportion of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes, the concentrations of IgG and IL-2 (P > 0.05), nor increase caspase-3 and BAX mRNA expression levels (P < 0.01). The results suggest that the ERβ-mediated JNK signaling pathway participates in regulating the effects of high-dose boron on the expression of genes related to the proliferation and apoptosis of rat splenic lymphocytes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This prospective interventional study investigated the impact of individualized nutritional interventions on immune function and infection rates in burn patients. This study enrolled 120 burn patients between December 2022 and January 2024. The nutritional interventions focused on protein supplementation, micronutrient replenishment, and inclusion of anti-inflammatory nutrients, specifically omega-3 fatty acids and vitamin C. The nutrients were administered through oral, enteral, and parenteral routes based on dietary preferences and the medical condition of individuals. Protein was prioritized because of its role in leukocyte production; zinc and vitamin C were supplemented to optimize immune function; and omega-3 fatty acids were included to mitigate inflammation and enhance wound healing. The study assessed outcomes through changes in leukocyte and lymphocyte counts, cytokine levels, infection rates, wound healing rates, and the length of hospital stays. Results indicated significant improvements in immune markers and reduced infection rates post-intervention (P < 0.05). Leukocyte count increased significantly, cytokine levels decreased, and the infection rate reduced from 30% to 14.2% (P < 0.05). These outcomes highlighted the efficacy of targeted nutritional interventions in supporting immune health and reducing infections in burn patients. The findings advocated for integrating comprehensive nutritional strategies in managing burn injuries to improve clinical outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of African Journal of Reproductive Health is the property of Women's Health & Action Research Centre and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a growing public health problem worldwide. Respecting the significance of the modified Lund-Kennedy (MLK) score in rhinitis assessment, we delved into its evaluation value on the sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) efficacy in AR patients. Methods: Totally 100 AR patients were enrolled, with pre- and post-SLIT MLK score, total nasal symptoms score (TNSS), total medication score (TMS), visual analogue scale (VAS), inflammatory cytokines, and immune function-related parameters compared. The correlations of MLK score with TNSS/TMS/VAS, as well as with IL-4/INF-γ/eosinophil (EOS)/percentage/specific immunoglobulin (sIgE)/sIgG were assessed by Spearman correlation analysis. The value of MLK score on assessing SLIT efficacy in AR patients was analyzed. Results: SLIT treatment reduced MLK/TNSS/TMS/VAS scores, abated IL-4 level/EOS percentage/sIgE, and elevated INF-γ/sIgG levels. MLK score was positively correlated with pre- and post-SLIT TNSS score (rpre−treatment = 0.592, rpost−treatment = 0.756), TMS score (rpre−treatment = 0.385, rpost−treatment = 0.718), VAS score (rpre−treatment = 0.369, rpost−treatment = 0.704), IL-4 (rpre−treatment = 0.553, rpost−treatment = 0.639), EOS percentage (rpre−treatment = 0.511, rpost−treatment = 0.632), and sIgE (rpre−treatment = 0.472, rpost−treatment = 0.524), and negatively with INF-γ (rpre−treatment = −0.418, rpost−treatment = −0.578) and sIgG4 (rpre−treatment = −0.460, rpost−treatment = −0.613). The MLK score had an area under curve of 0.846 (77.01% sensitivity, 76.92% specificity, 4 cut-off value) and 0.944 (91.67% sensitivity, 92.11% specificity, 2 cut-off value) for assessing SLIT treatment as effective and markedly effective for the patients, respectively. Conclusion: The MLK score had good evaluation value on the efficacy of SLIT treatment in AR patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To analyze the changes of immune function-related indicators with newly diagnosed glioblastoma before and after radiotherapy and their clinical significance. Clinical data of 104 patients were analyzed. The independent samples t-test or chi-square test was used to compare changes in immune function indicators and to ascertain the differences between groups with different doses or volumes. The grading of the lowest lymphocyte count during radiotherapy was compared. The log-rank (Mantel – Cox) test of the Kaplan – Meier method was used to compare the survival rate, and the relationship of radiotherapy-related parameters, with the survival rate was evaluated by using the Spearman correlation coefficient. A Cox regression model was used to determine the relationship between various immune function indicators and prognosis. The percentages of total T lymphocytes and CD4+ T cells, the CD4-to-CD8 subset ratio, and the percentages of B cells and NKT cells showed an overall decreasing trend, whereas the percentages of CD8+ T cells and NK cells displayed an overall increasing trend. The lower CD4+ T cell percentage and CD4/CD8 ratio after radiotherapy were independent risk factors for OS. Short OS was observed in patients with grade 3 or 4 lymphopenia or with low levels of hemoglobin and serum albumin before radiotherapy. The percentage of CD4+ T cells and the CD4/CD8 ratio were higher in patients with the low tumor-irradiated volume and irradiated volume and dose of the OAR, than in patients from the corresponding high indicator group. Different irradiation dose or volume can differentially alter various immune function indicators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Background: Sepsis causes substantial morbidity and mortality and constitutes a major public health problem. In patients with sepsis, immunosuppression is associated with poor prognosis, and immune monitoring during the early stages has prognostic value. This study aims to explore immunologic parameters associated with sepsis prognosis, potentially identifying patients who may benefit from immunotherapy, improving intensive care survival. Methods: A total of 65 patients with sepsis from the Department of Emergency Medicine were divided based on survival at 28 days (47 in the survival group, 18 in the non-survival group). Peripheral blood was collected to measure absolute lymphocyte count and T lymphocyte subpopulations, including the percentage and absolute count of total T cells, CD4+ T, CD8+ T, and NK cells, and the percentages of naïve CD4+ T, central memory CD4+ T, effector CD4+ T, effector memory CD4+ T, naïve CD8+ T, central memory CD8+ T, effector CD8+ T, effector memory CD8+ T, CD4+HLA-DR+ T, and CD8+HLA-DR+ T cells, and Tregs. The differences in these parameters between the two groups were compared and a regression model was constructed to identify possible risk factors for death in patients with sepsis. Results: The absolute lymphocyte count, absolute T cell count (CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+) and naïve CD4+ T cell percentage were significantly lower in the non-survival group. Conversely, Tregs were higher in patients who did not survive sepsis. In regression analysis, the absolute lymphocyte count and naïve CD4+ T cell percentage remained statistically significant. The receiver operating characteristic curve showed that a model based on the absolute lymphocyte count (435 cells/μL) and naïve CD4+ T cell percentage (20.25%) performed best in predicting sepsis prognosis. Conclusion: Monitoring of absolute lymphocyte count and analysis of T cell subtypes in the early phase of sepsis is predictive of outcome and may help identify those patients who would benefit from immunotherapy, improving survival. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the protective effects of different doses of Fomes officinalis Ames polysaccharides (FOP) on intestinal flora and immune function in exercise-induced immunosuppression (EIS) rats. Methods: Fifty SPF male SD rats aged 7 to 8 weeks were randomly divided into control group (NC group), exercise training group (Ex group), exercise training+low-dose FOP group (LFOP group, 40 mg/(kg•d)), exercise training+medium-dose FOP group (MFOP group, 60 mg/(kg•d)) and exercise training+high-dose FOP group (HFOP group, 80 mg/(kg•d)). Ex group and FOP group were trained on the treadmill for 6 weeks to construct EIS model. LFOP, MFOP and HFOP groups were given FOP after each training. After the intervention, serum IgG, IgM, IL-6, IL-10, INF-γ, TNF-α, LPS levels and intestinal short-chain fatty acid content were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The number of serum CD4+ and CD8+ was detected by cell analyzer. 16S rDNA was used to detect the structural changes of intestinal flora. Western blot was used to detect the protein expression of ZO-1, Occludin, Claudin4 in the colon tissue. Results: Compared with Ex group, serum IgG, IgM, INF-γ, TNF-α, CD4+ and CD8+ of rats in LFOP, MFOP and HFOP groups were significantly increased (P<0.01), while serum levels of IL-6, IL-10 and LPS were significantly decreased (P<0.01). Intestinal short-chain fatty acid content and the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes, Verrucobacteria and Lactobacillus, Bacteroidetes, Spirillum (not classified) and Ekmanella were significantly increased (P<0.01). The expression of ZO-1, Occludin, Claudin4 proteins in colon tissue was significantly up-regulated (P<0.01). In addition, spleen index, thymus index, intestinal flora alpha diversity in MFOP and HFOP groups were significantly increased compared with Ex group (P<0.01). Conclusion: FOP may improved the structure and activity of intestinal flora by reducing inflammation, enhanced the body's immune function, and then inhibited the development of EIS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]