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The problem of filling the bone cavity remains relevant in maxillofacial and oral surgery. There is a large selection of osteotropic materials of various natures for filling of bone defects of different etiology. The aim of our research was to improve the result of surgical treatment in a patient with a complicated mandibular fracture with the use of collagenic xenograft during osteosynthesis. In this article, we introduce our experience in the treatment of a patient with a complicated mandibular angle fracture in a combination with the follicular cyst. The obligate steps of treatment included stabilization of the bony fragments, a decrease of risk in fracture line malposition along with titan mini- plates, and shortening in the time of bone regeneration due to a filling of bone defect with the osteotropic material. This approach allowed us to reduce the rehabilitation period and further prosthetic treatment after 4-5 months without additional bone grafting manipulations. Though, the use of collagen osteotropic material, possessing osteoconductive properties, can improve the treatment of patients with mandibular fractures.

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a well-known psychiatric disorder that affects millions of people worldwide. Pharmacodynamic and cognitive-behavioral therapies (CBT) have been used to treat patients with PTSD. However, it remains unclear whether there are concurrent changes in psychopathological and neurophysiological factors associated with PTSD patients. Past reports described those PTSD patients with efficient fatty acid metabolism, neurogenesis, mitochondrial energy balance could improve ability to cope against the conditioned fear responses and traumatic memories. Furthermore, cognitive, behavioral, cellular, and molecular evidence can be combined to create personalized therapies for PTSD sufferers either with or without comorbidities such as depression or memory impairment. Unfortunately, there is still evidence lacking to establish a full understanding of the underlying neurophysiological and psychopathological aspects associated with PTSD. This review has extensively discussed the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) of genetic factors to cause PTSD, the implications of inflammation, neurotransmitter genomics, metabolic alterations, neuroendocrine disturbance (hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis), mitochondrial dynamics, neurogenesis, and premature aging related to PTSD-induced psychopathology and neurophysiology. In addition, the review delineated the importance of CBT and several pharmacodynamic therapies to mitigate symptomatology of PTSD.

Background: The question of reconstruction of human tissues and organs with the use of medical materials is still open, because of the accurate requirements for their biological and physical features. The aim of this study was to prove the efficiency of titanium nickelide constructors in treatment of isolated orbital floor fractures or combination with zygomatico-orbital complex fractures. Methods: Patients with a fracture of zygomatico-orbital complex and/or low orbital floor (n = 44) carried out different treatments: in the first group, osteosynthesis and endoprosthesis with titanium nickelide structures, in the second group, titan mini-plates osteosynthesis, in the third group (&lsquo, blow-out&rsquo, ), endoprosthesis with a titanium nickelide mesh, and in the fourth group (&lsquo, ), conservative treatment and monitoring (archive data) (p &gt, 0.05). The paraesthesia, diplopia, enophthalmos and exophthalmos degree were measured in points. Results: In one year, the first and second groups had no differences in level of paraesthesia (p &gt, 0.05). The absence of exophthalmos and differences between first and second groups, and between the third and the fourth groups with positive dynamics inside the groups were proved (p &lt, 0.05). In the first and third groups, enophthalmos was absent, and it increased in the second and fourth groups (p &lt, 0.01, p &lt, 0.11). Diplopia in the first and third groups was absent, and it increased in the second and fourth groups (p &lt, 0.05, p &lt, 0.01). Conclusion: The elasticity and biocompatibility of titanium nickelide make the implant insertion and restoration of the lower orbital wall anatomy easier, with good postoperative clinical results.

Titanium alloys approved for clinical use in Russia are widely used in traumatology, maxillofacial surgery, and stomatology, mainly for manufacturing various endoprostheses and dental implants, i.e., structures to be introduced and installed into the bone and soft tissues of the human organism, capable of both biointegration and bioadaptation in the tissues of the human organism. In the field of medicinal material science, particularly, in designing structures for medicinal use based on titanium and its alloys and also various coatings on the surface of such structures, the modern methods and instruments developed for the electronic industry are being widely used. The methods designed for investigating materials and structures in electronics are employed in medicinal technology and particularly in the development of titanium implants. This makes it possible to develop the fundamentals for the technology of preparing the optimal microrelief on the surface of titanic endoprostheses intended for engrafting in soft tissues (i.e., fibrointegrable) and covered by bioactive coatings of titanium dioxide (TiO2) with the anatase structure obtained by atomic-layer deposition. The research is aimed at revealing the optimal surface treatment of such endoprostheses in order to achieve improved fibrointegration properties for using them in maxillofacial surgery. It is shown that the strong adhesion and fibrointegration between the titanium endoprosthesis and the connective tissue are achieved at the average surface roughness of (4–8) × 102 nm, the root-mean-square roughness of (5 × 102–1 × 103) nm, a profile height of (3–6) × 103 nm, and a thickness of the bioactive coatings of the order of magnitude of 10 nm.