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Three current paths are proposed, and theoretical analysis and laboratory tests are carried out to investigate the root causes of bearing failure in IGBT inverter-fed locomotives and EMUs. The three types of current paths that run through the drive unit bearings and axle box bearings used on EMUs and electric locomotives are classified as the primary side current path, the main traction system current path, and the current path between the vehicles of the EMU or electric locomotive and the vehicles it hauls. The research found that the EDM current path in the main traction system caused by common mode voltage is distinguished as the main cause resulting in the failure of the bogie motor bearings or the bearings of the load connected to the motor shaft. The cause of common mode voltage is analyzed, and the thresholds of current density and voltage without causing bearing damage are analyzed and presented. The lab tests carried out on the bearings on the main traction system’s current path verified that the current path does exist. The proof to identify electric erosion, such as craters and washboards, and corresponding measures to prevent the failure of bogie bearings are proposed. Further research about the other two current paths is urgent and necessary.

The dataset contains the magnetic field measurement results that are part of a comprehensive study on the assessment of the magnetic field emissions onboard of the research-training vessel. The measurements were carried out, nearby the bow thruster motor fed from the inverter, during maneuvering and the sea voyage. The bow thruster is assembled in the forepart of the ships’ hull and has constant pitch propeller. Using the control levers at the wings of the bridge, it is possible to change the speed and direction of the revolutions of the propeller, and in this way to move the bow of the ship during maneuvering. The bow thruster is driven with a squirrel cage asynchronous motor fed by the PWM frequency converter. The IGBT (Isolated Gate Bipolar Transistor) inverter was operating at 2 kHz (possible 4 kHz) switching frequency. The inverter output frequency was adjusted in the frequency range from 0 to 50 Hz. Measurements were performed in the bow thruster compartment with the ESM-100 H/E field meter, which was fixed on the wooden bar, about 1 m from the bow thruster motor (Figure 1).

This paper presents a high-power IGBT testing platform for uneven temperature conditions and its design criteria. Considering the influence of layout parasitic parameters on the measurement results, commutation rules and independent junction temperature control, a universal high-power switching characterization platform is built and operated. Importantly, it is capable of 3.6 kA current level test requirement, which can cover the largest current level for the state-of-the-art IGBT modules. To improve the test accuracy of double pulse test method, a compensation algorithm is proposed to eliminate the circuit power loss under high current test conditions. Moreover, in order to simulate the uneven junction temperature effects occurring in real life, the junction temperatures of inspected IGBT and freewheeling diode are controlled independently. Quantitative analyses of the switching characteristics for junction temperatures up to 125 °C are performed.

The results of modeling the electromagnetic mode of a two-phase two-level transistor inverter when working on a shortened linear metallurgical MHD machine are considered.

This paper investigates the possibility of improving power density of three-phase grid inverter by adopting SiC MOSFET. Static and dynamic characteristics of trench gate SiC MOSFET, planar gate SiC MOSFET and Si IGBT are compared. The efficiency performance of planar gate SiC MOSFET inverter, trench gate SiC MOSFET inverter and Si IGBT inverter are estimated and compared with increased switching frequency. Finally, these results are verified with 10 kW inverter prototypes.

International audience; The use of fast semiconductor components such as IGBT and SiC in Adjustable Speed Drives (ASD) increases power density and provides better controllability. Nevertheless, secondary effects such as overvoltage at the motor terminals appear and can affect the reliability of the Electrical Insulation System (EIS). The overvoltage is due to the propagation and reflection phenomena along the harness. In this paper, we propose a fast frequency model to simulate motor overvoltage. Their maximum level is studied according to the following parameters: inverter dv/dt, harness length and motor impedance.

In order to suppress the harmonic and protect the IGBT, an innovative buffer circuit for IGBT was designed and simulated in this paper. Compared with traditional buffer circuit, the proposed RCD buffer circuit is more reliable and can reduce the heat effectively when IGBT is turned off. The analytical expression of the buffer circuit is deduced by theoretical calculation. Finally, the performance of the presented buffer circuit was testified by simulation.

Because of the fixed chip size of available sample devices a comparison of SiC-JFET and silicon IGBT with another fixed chip size necessitates the regard to the active area of the chip. The paper presents measurement results considering the active area and shows a comparison of inverter losses depending on junction temperature and switching frequency.

In this paper, we have proved that the soft damage from human body ESD can actually cause EOS damage, while integrated IGBT inverter modules (or intelligent power modules) are operating. Failure mechanism was defined as a latchup phenomenon by ESD damage leakage. Failure modes of each failed IGBT inside two integrated IGBT inverter modules were soft and hard burnout, respectively. To determine the failure mechanism, we have done fault tree analysis. From this analysis, we could conclude the main factor as the ESD event between device ESD immunity and PCB assembly line. In addition, from the PCB assembly line, we have identified damage samples due to an ESD event. Based on this result, we have implied ESD on IGBT and intentionally caused a leakage, then applied the device to the system. After an aging test, we could reproduce soft burnout and hard burnout.

IGBT power supply is a single-phase H bridge inverter capable to provide current of ±12kA with 1MA/sec ramp rate. This paper describes performance requirements, ratings, inverter design calculations, multimodular topology, protections, fast control, symmetrical layout, bus bar engineering, and cooling requirement and test results.

Investigations of the requirements for high-voltage (HV) power supplies for zones within an electrostatic precipitator (ESP) were conducted with regard to the properties of different technologies for HV generation. The zones of an ESP show different electrical behavior and efficiency. This is a result of: 1) the different dust loads of the zones; 2) the particle size and properties; and 3) the possibility of charging the particles in the entire zone using suitable technology. An overview of common and new topologies of HV supplies and their typical properties is given. It is shown how these properties can be used to match the requirements of the different zones of an ESP regarding the actual operating conditions. Large particles and high dust loads can be addressed effectively using high-frequency dc power supplies. Fine particles, however, can be separated even more efficiently by pulsed power supplies. Additionally, the power consumption of different HV sources has been investigated in relation to the separation efficiency. Experimental results were obtained on an industrial ESP containing 3 zones in a sinter plant and on a large scale precipitator in a fossil power plant, containing 30 zones. It was shown that a high frequency IGBT inverter combined with a microsecond-pulsed power supply significantly improved the overall performance of the precipitator.

In this paper, a new simplified space-vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) method for a three-level inverter is proposed. This method is based on the simplification of the space-vector diagram of a three-level inverter into that of a two-level inverter. If simplified by the proposed method, all the remaining procedures necessary for the three-level SVPWM are done like conventional two-level inverter and the execution time is greatly reduced. The DC-link neutral-point potential control algorithms are implemented more easily. The proposed method can be applied to the multi-level inverters above three-level. The validity of the new SVPWM method is verified by experiment with a 1000 kVA three-level insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) inverter.

The application field of the 1200 V IGBT devices is usually limited to a dc-link voltage up to about 600 V. In order to extend this field, new structures have been developed. In this paper, an inverter leg made of seven nested cells is presented (Fig. 7), With this structure, it is possible to increase the d.c.-link voltage of IGBT inverter up to 4000 Vdc and provide a 300 Arms current. Moreover, the output waveforms fully benefit from the increased number of switches (Fig. 4).

This paper presents the description and analysis of a half-bridge IGBT inverter suitable for heating ferromagnetic materials at high-frequency. The series-parallel scheme is adopted and, an optimum mode of operation is selected which results in a maximum current gain and practically no voltage spikes in the devices at turn-off. Using the state variable approach, the inverter system circuit model was analyzed including the effect of branch stray inductances and snubber components.The actual performance was tested on a 50-150kHz prototype rated at 6kW. The developed hybrid inverter is characterized by its simplicity of design and operation, yet is versatile in performance. Experimental evidence is presented to confirm the validity of the inverter system model.Also, an analytical model for the long billet-short coil induction heating geometry is briefly described. The resulting expressions for the induction heating load parameters are obtained in the form of rapidly converging series. The theoretical results obtained have been experimentally verified.

In this paper, a photovoltaic array has been modeled and developed for MATLAB-Simulink environment. The PVA model has been developed by basic circuitry equations of a photovoltaic array, considering the effects of ambient temperature, solar radiation and natural specifications of the photovoltaic cell. For evaluating the model, two different types of the loads have been utilized, a direct coupled DC load and an AC load via a three phase IGBT inverter. The proper matching circuits have been simulated and the output results and characteristics validate that the present study has higher quality in output waveforms.

Multiphase drives are particularly attractive in medium and high-power applications such as railway and naval propulsion systems. In the most modern drives, a multiphase machine is driven by an IGBT inverter. This paper focuses the theoretical calculation of the power losses in multiphase inverters with an odd number of phases. This analysis could be useful for a preliminary assessment of the drive efficiency, and allows to compare inverters with a different number of phases.

In order to control vegetable diseases and insect pests in the vegetable base, the ozonizer of SCM controlled is designed in this paper. The paper provides the system architecture of ozonizer and the IGBT inverter power supply. It also introduces the simulation design of control system by proteus, and gives the kind of problems and solutions occurred by ozonizer installation. The production of ozonizer is 7g / h, the control range of timing time that is from 0 to 99 minutes, and the error that is less than 2 seconds. The practice shows that germicidal efficacy is better when controlling around 20 minutes. The ozonizer has the characteristics of convenient operation, high automation, low cost, complete sterilization and no secondary pollution. So it cannot only be used in controlling diseases and pests of greenhouse vegetables, but also used in other fields such as medical service and daily disinfection if slightly changed.

Energy efficiency and energy saving become more important for many technical applications due to the higher cost of energy and environmental impact (e.g. CO2 emissions). Dust emissions need to be maintained below the emissions limits regardless of the operation mode or fuel type of the process.

In recent years, next generation silicon carbide (SiC) diodes were put to practical use. This SiC diodes have many advantages compared with fast recovery diode(Si-FRD) from the aspect of small recovery charge. To make use of this advantage, the most suitable operating conditions is to use at current lead mode of high frequency inverter circuit. In this paper, the authors evaluated SiC diode + IGBT inverter at current lead mode and Power MOSFET inverter at current lag mode. From the experimental results, switching loss of SiC + IGBT inverter over 100 kHz frequency operation range is sufficiently small. As a result, high efficiency inverter using IGBTs over 100 kHz frequency range can be realized for practical use.

This paper introduces the PWM (pulse width modulated) trigger circuit and the driving circuit used in the IGBT inverter of the brushless DC motor that is controlled by the singlechip 8098. This design is feasible, simple and economical.

New series of SPMs (smart power modules), which are fully optimized intelligent integrated IGBT inverter modules for lower power motor drive applications, are introduced. One is called Mini-SPM providing the operating current rating of 10 A and the other is Tiny-SPM with the 3 A rating. They are very small by employing size-related design and highly integrated building blocks having the built-in HVICs as a gate driver which offer more simplicity and compactness leading to a high cost reduction and high reliability of the entire system. They also provide technical advantages such as the good thermal performances, the high latch immunity and dv/dt controlled HVIC driving.

In an industrial project a soft-switching high-frequency IGBT voltage source inverter (VSI) system to supply a resistive-inductive load was developed. The inverter which consists of only four fast high-power 1.2 kV/800 A IGBT modules, delivers an output power of more than 100 kW at a switching frequency above 100 kHz. This high-power high-frequency product is a major challenge for today's power semiconductor modules. For this industrial application the driver boards had to be designed and implemented because no suitable gate drivers exist today on the market which fulfils the requirements to the control the high-power semiconductors at 100 kHz. In this paper the IGBT inverter system will be briefly presented. Next, the design and the hardware of the self-developed driver boards will be shown. Measurement results certify the successful implementation of the driver boards in the IGBT inverter system.

This paper presents a novel three-phase IGBT module called the SPM (Smart Power Module). This is a new design developed to provide a very compact, low cost, high performance and reliable motor drive system. Several distinct design concepts were used to achieve the highly integrated functionality in a new cost-effective small package. An overall description to the SPM is given and actual application issues such as electrical characteristics, circuit configurations, thermal performance and power ratings are discussed.

The use of MCTs in a soft switched PWM inverter application is presented. The MCTs are power devices that are capable of handling high di/dt and high dv/dt. Their weak point is high turn-off switching losses. A topology of the MCT/IGBT inverter is proposed. To minimize the switching losses, the devices are soft switched on at zero voltage switch (ZVS) conditions and turned off at zero current switch (ZCS) conditions. An auxiliary resonant commutated pole (ABCP) inverter is presented and analyzed for soft switching of MCT/IGBT modules of a PWM inverter for motor drive applications. A novel ARCP control technique is presented that is based on pre-calculated gating times. It reduces the cost of the ARCP controller with no need for high speed sensing devices.

This paper presents a novel prototype of a new conceptual electromagnetic induction-based fluid heating appliance using a series capacitor-compensated load resonant high-frequency IGBT inverter, which operates using phase-shifted PWM and a power factor correction scheme. Its operating characteristics in a steady-state are illustrated and evaluated on the basis of computer-aided circuit simulation and experimental results. Promising cost-effective applications of this electromagnetic induction-heated fluid heating appliance are proposed including induction-heated boilers, induction-heated dryers and induction-heated hot air producers, which are more suitable for industrial, chemical and consumer utilization from a practical point of view.

Motors connected to an IGBT ASD may experience high voltage peak stresses which increase the possibility of failure. If an IGBT ASD is being installed as a replacement to an existing drive, the system setup must be reviewed to reduce or eliminate the peak voltage stress. The cleanliness and condition of the motor being driven must be considered and the user should be especially careful when applying fractional horsepower motors to ASDs. In the specification of new motors, the motor manufacturer should be aware of the circumstances of the system including a prediction of peak voltage potential. At this time, special insulation is recommended for motors operating on IGBT inverter-fed adjustable speed drives above 450 V.

A new DSP controlled shunt active filter, proposed by the same authors in a previous paper (see IEEE PES Winter Meeting, 2000), is implemented, tested and compared with other shunt active filters. The active filter is based on a supply current regulation implemented by means of an analog controller, and a robust filtering algorithm implemented by means of a digital controller. It is suitable for nonideal supply conditions and overcomes the DSP implementation drawbacks. Laboratory tests on an IGBT inverter show the advantages of the proposed solution with respect to the most widespread active filters presented in literature.

The voltage level aboard new aircraft generations has grown from 115V AC to 230V AC . This has given rise to a new HVDC +/- 270V instead of +270V. The Adjustable Speed Drives (ASD) aboard more electrical aircraft are currently fed by fast switching PWM IGBT converters which rise time and fall time are higher than 50ns. To improve the converters power density, the very fast Wide Bandgap semiconductor technologies (Silicon Carbide) are currently under evaluation; their switching rise time and fall time could be lower than 20ns. This paper, by using industrial ASD fed by 540Vdc, initially addresses an experimental investigations analysis of motor overvoltages according to: inverters technologies (IGBT and SiC), harness length and harness shielding. Then, investigations on the Partial Discharges Inception Voltage (PDIV) are carried out on primary components of Electrical Insulation System (EIS) type 1 at atmospheric and reduced pressures, according to several parameters: magnet wire (MW) diameter, MW grade, polyimide insulating paper thickness. The paper concludes with a discussion of the different results and thoughts about overvoltages and partial discharges challenges.

This paper presents a modelling and a study of the dynamic performance analysis of an advanced static VAr compensator (ASVC) using a three-level voltage source inverter. The analysis is based on the modelling of the system in the d-q axis. The dynamic behaviour of the system is further analysed using MATLAB through a set of simulation tests. The results obtained may lead to correct design of a robust controller for reactive power applications.