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Introduction: In 2017, all medical students applying for residency in emergency medicine (EM) were required to participate in the Standardized Video Interview (SVI). The SVI is a video-recorded, uni-directional interview consisting of six questions designed to assess interpersonal and communication skills and professionalism. It is unclear whether this simulated interview is an accurate representation of an applicant’s competencies that are often evaluated during the in-person interview. Objective: The goal of this study was to determine whether the SVI score correlates with a traditional in-person interview score. Methods: Six geographically and demographically diverse EM residency programs accredited by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education participated in this prospective observational study. Common demographic data for each applicant were obtained through an Electronic Residency Application Service export function prior to the start of any scheduled traditional interviews (TI). On each TI day, one interviewer blinded to all applicant data, including SVI score, rated the applicant on a five-point scale. A convenience sample of applicants was enrolled based on random assignment to the blinded interviewer. We studied the correlation between SVI score and TI score. Results: We included 321 unique applicants in the final analysis. Linear regression analysis of the SVI score against the TI score demonstrated a small positive linear correlation with an r coefficient of +0.13 (p=0.02). This correlation remained across all SVI score subgroups (p = 0.03). Conclusion: Our study suggests that there is a small positive linear correlation between the SVI score and performance during the TI.

Introduction: In 2017, the Standardized Video Interview (SVI) was required for applicants to emergency medicine (EM). The SVI contains six questions highlighting professionalism and interpersonal communication skills. The responses were scored (6–30). As it is a new metric, no information is available on correlation between SVI scores and other application data. This study was to determine if a correlation exists between applicants’ United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) and SVI scores. We hypothesized that numeric USMLE Step 1 and Step 2 Clinical Knowledge (CK) scores would not correlate with the SVI score, but that performance on the Step 2 Clinical Skills (CS) portion may correlate with the SVI since both test communication skills. Methods: Nine EM residency sites participated in the study with data exported from an Electronic Residency Application Service (ERAS®) report. All applicants with both SVI and USMLE scores were included. We studied the correlation between SVI scores and USMLE scores. Predetermined subgroup analysis was performed based on applicants’ USMLE Step 1 and Step 2 CK scores as follows: (≥ 200, 201–220, 221–240, 241–260, >260). We used linear regression, the Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney U test for statistical analyses. Results: 1,325 applicants had both Step 1 and SVI scores available, with no correlation between the overall scores (p=0.58) and no correlation between the scores across all Step 1 score ranges, (p=0.29). Both Step 2 CK and SVI scores were available for 1,275 applicants, with no correlation between the overall scores (p=0.56) and no correlation across all ranges, (p=0.10). The USMLE Step 2 CS and SVI scores were available for 1,000 applicants. Four applicants failed the CS test without any correlation to the SVI score (p=0.08). Conclusion: We found no correlation between the scores on any portion of the USMLE and the SVI; therefore, the SVI provides new information to application screeners.

Background Otomicroscopy and pneumatic methods are superior to otoscopy alone in diagnosing acute otitis media (AOM). There is a lack of knowledge regarding the use of different diagnostic methods for AOM in primary health care in Sweden and Norway.Methods This cross-sectional study included a questionnaire completed by general practitioners (GPs) and specialist trainees (STs/residents/registrars) working in primary care in Sweden and Norway. Multivariable binary logistic regressions were performed to evaluate the use of diagnostic methods and written advice adjusted for educational level, sex and country.Results Otoscopy was the most frequently used method. Sweden had greater access to the more accurate diagnostic methods. In Norway, the following methods were used to a lesser extent: pneumatic otoscopy, adjusted OR 0.15 (95% CI 0.10–0.23; p

A high incidence of injuries has been reported in young athletes. Several factors have been associated with athletes’ sports injuries. However, scientific evidence is lacking, particularly for adolescent athletes. Hence, the Healthy Injury-Free Adolescent Athletes (HIFAA) was designed to evaluate sports injuries and examine associations with risk factors related to physical load and mental health. Secondary aims are to evaluate differences between sex, age, high school year and sports and examine injuries and the athletic situation 5 to 10 years after graduation. Adolescent athletes aged 15–19 years enrolled in high school and competing in sports to reach a national or international level of sports will be included. At inclusion, athletes will sign an informed consent form and fill out a baseline questionnaire addressing potential risk factors (eg, sports, training and competing health and injuries, and psychosocial status). Athletes will then prospectively be monitored weekly regarding injuries, physical (training/match/competing, perceived exertion) and psychological (fatigue, sleep, mental stress, recovery) load until graduation. A shortened version of the baseline questionnaire will be filled out every year, and a follow-up questionnaire regarding injuries, sporting situations and mental health will be filled out 5–10 years after graduation.Injuries are frequent among adolescent athletes, with consequences ranging from shorter interruptions in sports performance to mental health problems and early termination of sports. A reduction of these injuries is warranted. This study will provide a detailed understanding of risk factors, a prerequisite to introducing appropriate preventive measures.

Introduction: Diabetes management faces intertwined challenges like polypharmacy and adherence complexities, hindering effective care delivery. Telepharmacy emerges as a promising solution, revolutionizing diabetes care by enhancing pharmacists’ pivotal role. However, a tailored model for Indonesia is still lacking. Purpose: This study aimed to assess the potential effectiveness of a telepharmacy application in improving the detection of drug-drug interactions and glycemic control. Methods: We conducted an observational before-and-after study among type 2 diabetic patients in Indonesia. Results: We noted a significant surge in detected drug interactions. Patients counseled through telepharmacy had 3.653 times higher likelihood of achieving good glycemic control. Conclusion: The study underscores the positive impact of telepharmacy on drug interaction detection and glycemic control among Indonesian diabetics.

ABSTRACTAntimicrobial resistance (AMR) is often framed as a ‘silent pandemic,’ an invisible crisis unfolding beyond the public gaze. This unseen emergency narrative fuels policy responses aimed at re-establishing human control over antimicrobial use and benefits. In this commentary, we critique the reduction of AMR to a homogenising framework – a product of long-standing paradigms for disease control and elimination. We argue that AMR stems not merely from microbial exposure to drugs, but also involves broader anthropocentric practices. We assert that merely extending AMR concerns to encompass environmental factors is insufficient. Instead, we advocate for a paradigm shift towards a holistic understanding that respects the evolutionary adaptability and survival strategies of microbial life itself. Consequently, a fundamental re-evaluation of large-scale antibiotic use and production is necessary. Rather than seeking to control AMR as a pandemic, we propose exploring the inherent complexity and interdependence of AMR issues. Our proposition advocates for alternative futures that foster collaborations between human and non-human actors, ultimately envisioning a shift in human-microbial relationships towards more integrative health strategies.

AbstractObjective The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the patients’ view on continuity of care (CoC), including preference for a certain general practitioner (GP) and importance and access to a regular general practitioner (RGP).Design Cross-sectional study.Setting Primary care center in Halland County, in the western part of Sweden.Subjects Patients ≥18 years old and having at least one appointment at the primary care center during October–December 2022.Main outcome measures Preference for a certain GP and importance of and accessibility for an RGP.Results The study included 404 patients. Importance of having an RGP was considered by 86% of the patients. Preference for a certain GP was thought by 73% of the patients, and when asked as a bivariate question, 69% considered having an RGP. Both the importance of an RGP and preference for a certain GP were more often considered by patients ≥65 years (p

Summary: Autoantibodies against the enzyme transglutaminase 2 (TG2) are characteristic of celiac disease (CeD), and TG2-specific immunoglobulin (Ig) A plasma cells are abundant in gut biopsies of patients. Here, we describe the corresponding population of autoreactive B cells in blood. Circulating TG2-specific IgA cells are present in untreated patients on a gluten-containing diet but not in controls. They are clonally related to TG2-specific small intestinal plasma cells, and they express gut-homing molecules, indicating that they are plasma cell precursors. Unlike other IgA-switched cells, the TG2-specific cells are negative for CD27, placing them in the double-negative (IgD−CD27−) category. They have a plasmablast or activated memory B cell phenotype, and they harbor fewer variable region mutations than other IgA cells. Based on their similarity to naive B cells, we propose that autoreactive IgA cells in CeD are generated mainly through chronic recruitment of naive B cells via an extrafollicular response involving gluten-specific CD4+ T cells.

BackgroundTransgender and non-binary (TGNB) people tend to report worse health than cis people, however, despite an increased need for care, they face several barriers when trying to access healthcare. These barriers might be exacerbated when young age intersects with a trans identity, and so there is a need for studies highlighting the experiences of TGNB youth.AimsTo explore and compare how TGNB youth (15-26 years old) in Sweden and Spain experienced their access to healthcare, in order to shed light on the strengths and limitations of different kinds of healthcare systems and improve healthcare provision and policy development.MethodsThis study was based on a qualitative analysis of semi-structured interviews with TGNB youth living in Sweden (n = 16) and Spain (n = 18). Of these, 22 identified as male or transmasculine, six as non-binary, and six as women or transfeminine; 25 had undergone some type of gender-affirming care, and the rest were on the waiting list or undergoing preparatory visits and had not started hormonal treatment. The interviews were analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis. An abductive approach was applied, and the Levesque conceptual framework was used to compare the analyses of each set of materials.ResultsWe present our findings using the structure of the accessibility framework, focusing on approachability, acceptability, availability, affordability, and appropriateness. The conceptualization of accessibility in combination with the concept of cisnormativity illustrates how specific ideals and normative expectations affect access to healthcare for TGNB people across contexts, with most barriers arising from the appropriateness of the services.DiscussionYoung TGNB people experience barriers to accessing healthcare both in the Spanish and the Swedish contexts. Strategies to reduce these barriers should be framed within the critique of and resistance to cisnormativity and should focus on users with intersecting marginalized identities to promote health equity.

AbstractBackground The increasing prevalence of multimorbidity among older people in Lithuania and other Central-Eastern European countries leads to a greater patient treatment burden and puts additional pressure on healthcare services.Objectives This study aimed to validate the Lithuanian version of the Multimorbidity Treatment Burden Questionnaire (MTBQ).Methods The Lithuanian version of the MTBQ was tested (2021-2022) with 789 patients from seven Lithuanian primary care centres who had two or more long-term conditions. The questionnaire translation’s reliability, validity and dimensionality of the were assessed with Spearman’s rank correlation, Cronbach’s alpha, and factor reduction analysis. Treatment burden and its associations with sociodemographic and other indicators were analysed.Results Lithuanian version of MTBQ had good internal reliability (Cronbach’s alpha 0.711), validity, factor reduction applicability, and interpretability. The MTBQ scores of the questionnaire had a negative association with the quality-of-life scale (r=-0.327, 95% CI [-0.389, −0.264]) and positive associations with the self-rated health scores (r = 0.230, 95% CI [0.163, 0.297]) and with the number of comorbidities (r = 0.164, 95% CI [0.097, 0.233]). Distribution of treatment burden was identified (none (19,4%), low (46,6%), medium (25%), high (9%)). High treatment burden was found to be associated with having five or more long-term diseases, taking five or more medications, having anxiety or depression and living in a rural area.Conclusion The study’s findings show that the MTBQ is applicable in assessing the treatment burden of multimorbid patients in Lithuania. Furthermore, the study demonstrates that Lithuanian patients with multimorbidity have average treatment burden scores similar to or higher than participants in previous MTBQ validation studies.

AbstractAround 40% of people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in Sweden are women. However, little is known about their experiences, particularly those related to sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR). This study aims to explore perceptions and experiences of SRHR among women living with HIV (LWH). Twelve interviews were conducted with women LWH from September to October 2019 and analysed using thematic analysis. The central theme describing participants’ experiences of social relationships, intimate encounters and reproductive life, “Discrimination is harder to live with than the disease itself”, is based on three themes that contain subthemes. Theme 1 describes how participants reconsider and reorient their sexual and reproductive life after diagnosis. Theme 2 highlights how (mis)perceptions of HIV affect sexual and reproductive life and lead to abusive treatment and internalisation. Theme 3 describes a paradoxical shift of responsibilities where participants experience being compelled to take greater responsibility in some situations and stripped of the right to decide in others. This study suggests that despite notable progress in HIV treatment, stigma and discrimination stemming from outdated beliefs and (mis)conceptions, ambiguous policies and guidelines, and unequal access to information affect SRHR experiences of women LWH more than the virus itself. The results emphasise the need to: update knowledge within healthcare settings and among the public; clarify ambiguous legislations and guidelines; ensure equal access to information to enable all women LWH to take informed decisions, make fully informed choices and realise their SRHR; and consider the diversity of women LWH and enable shared decision-making.

Overall, there is a major wish that European farmers implement integrated pest management (IPM), particularly to reduce dependence on pesticides. In the European Rustwatch project, partners conducted nineteen trials across nine different countries during 2020 and 2021 to investigate different IPM strategies, focusing on controlling rust diseases in winter wheat. The trials included the use of varieties with contrasting levels of resistance, variety mixtures, reduced fungicide rates, thresholds, and Decision Support Systems (DSSs), and testing alternative products to fungicides. Sixteen trials developed yellow rust (Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici) infections, and six trials developed brown rust (Puccinia triticina) infections. Resistant varieties proved highly effective in keeping down yellow rust infection, and variety mixtures also effectively reduced infection levels and stabilized yields. Rust was fully controlled using 25% of standard fungicide rates, even under high disease pressure. Using DSSs provided sufficient control of rust diseases and resulted in competitive net economic returns due to fewer fungicide applications. The alternative products tested included two biological control agents and four alternative chemistries, which all gave inferior and insufficient control against rust compared with chemical fungicides. The trial work demonstrated that there are good and reliable options for including IPM into disease control in wheat.

Abstract Background Mothers giving birth by non-elective cesarean section have considerably higher risk of developing postoperative infection, than mothers giving birth by elective cesarean section. Meta-analyses have shown that the risk of infection is reduced when administering antibiotics at least 30 min prior to skin incision rather than after cord clamping. If given prior to incision, antibiotics are present in the neonatal bloodstream for up to 24 h after delivery, with early exposure to antibiotics potentially disturbing development of the gut microbiome. We aimed to retrospectively assess the prevalence of postoperative infection after non-elective cesarean section at a single labor ward administering antibiotics after cord clamping, additionally investigating risk factors for developing postoperative infections. Methods In this retrospective cohort study, we included a total of 2,725 women giving birth by non-elective cesarean section in 2010–2017 with a review of records for prenatal risk factors, labor management, and perinatal outcomes. The primary outcomes were a main composite infection of development of either endometritis, surgical-site infection, or sepsis in conjunction with a relevant antibiotic prescription. Secondary outcomes included infection of unknown focus, mastitis, urinary tract infection, and pneumonia. Results A total of 88 patients developed a main composite infection (3.2%). These infections subdivide into endometritis (n = 37/2725, 1.4%), surgical-site infection (n = 35/2725, 1.3%) and sepsis (n = 15/2725, 0.6%). We found a high body mass index (aOR = 3.38, 95%CI 1.93–5.92) and intrapartum fever (aOR = 2.26, 95%CI 1.22–4.59) to be independent risk-factors for developing postoperative infection after non-elective cesarean section. Furthermore, we found delivery by a more expedient emergency grade 2 cesarean section (aOR = 0.61 95%CI 0.37–0.998) compared to grade 3 to be a protective factor for developing postoperative infection after non-elective cesarean section. Conclusion In a labor ward administering antibiotics after cord clamping at non-elective cesarean births, we find a low prevalence of main composite infections when compared to estimates from meta-analyses on the topic. We conclude that administration of prophylactic antibiotics after cord clamping appears to result in acceptable rates of postoperative infection and avoids transplacental-transmission of antibiotics to the infant.

Mesothelin is a glypiated, cell-surface glycoprotein expressed at low levels on normal mesothelium but overexpressed by many cancers. Implicated in cell adhesion and multiple signaling pathways, mesothelin’s precise biological function and overall structure remain undefined. Antibodies targeting mesothelin have been engineered into immunotoxins, antibody-drug conjugates, CAR-T cells, or bispecific T cell engagers as candidate therapeutics but most face challenges, including binding epitopes that are not optimal for selected modalities. Here we describe the isolation and characterization of a novel anti-mesothelin antibody, 1A12, including crystallographic mapping of the 1A12 epitope in relation to other antibodies (amatuximab, anetumab). 1A12 possesses uniquely favorable properties, including a membrane-proximal epitope, and enabled structure determination of the complete mesothelin ectodomain. We incorporated 1A12 into two different bispecific T cell engaging architectures with various anti-CD3 co-targeting elements as candidate therapeutics, demonstrating in vitro functionality and potency.

The phenotypes of B lineage cells that produce oligoclonal IgG in multiple sclerosis have not been unequivocally determined. Here, we utilized single-cell RNA-seq data of intrathecal B lineage cells in combination with mass spectrometry of intrathecally synthesized IgG to identify its cellular source. We found that the intrathecally produced IgG matched a larger fraction of clonally expanded antibody-secreting cells compared to singletons. The IgG was traced back to two clonally related clusters of antibody-secreting cells, one comprising highly proliferating cells, and the other consisting of more differentiated cells expressing genes associated with immunoglobulin synthesis. These findings suggest some degree of heterogeneity among cells that produce oligoclonal IgG in multiple sclerosis.

Background and Objectives: Vaccination is one means of SARS-CoV-2 prevention and control. However, despite the effectiveness of vaccination, adverse reactions continue to require vigilance and monitoring. The researchers emphasize the possibility that some of the reported side effects may be psychological in origin. Based on this hypothesis, the main goal of this study was to evaluate the emotional dispositions of healthcare workers who experienced emotions before vaccination and adverse reactions after vaccination. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted between February and May 2021 in the Kaunas Clinics of the University of Health Sciences. A total of 2117 employees of the clinic departments who were vaccinated with two doses of the Pfizer–BioNTech vaccine participated in this study. Statistical analysis was performed on the data using IBM SPSS Statistics®. Results: Most participants (74.5%) experienced systemic (including local) adverse events; 16.5% experienced only local adverse events, and 9.1% experienced no adverse events. The frequency of systemic (including local) adverse events reduced with increasing age (p < 0.05). The main emotions that participants experienced before vaccination were anxiety (37.88%) and happiness (39.02%). Systemic (including local) adverse events occurred 1.26 times more frequently in women than men (77.44% vs. 61.6%, p < 0.05), while local adverse events occurred 1.4 times more often in male participants than in female participants (21.39% vs. 15.27%, p < 0.05). Among the respondents who did not experience adverse events, the most common emotion felt was happiness (25.5%), and most of the participants who experienced systemic (including local) adverse events felt anxiety (42.6%). Conclusions: The information about vaccination and potential adverse events should be targeted at younger persons. It is recommended that women, more than men, should receive professional counseling from psychologists or psychotherapists. The public dissemination of positive messages about the benefits and safety of vaccines prior to a vaccination campaign may alleviate the tension or anxiety felt regarding potential adverse events. Healthcare specialists—both those who work directly with vaccines and those who do not—should maintain a positive psychological attitude towards vaccination, as this can increase patient satisfaction with the benefits of vaccines.

Abstract Background Sweden has provided around 300 youth clinics (YCs) to address the health needs of young people since the 1970s. During the last few years, and as part of an effort to strengthen mental healthcare for young people, YCs’ role in the provision of mental healthcare has been widely debated. With such debates as background, the aim of this study is to analyse Swedish YCs’ responses to the mental (ill) healthcare needs of young people, from the perspective of national level stakeholders. Methods We used thematic analysis of interviews with eight national level stakeholders in the field of youth mental health in Sweden. Building upon the concept of biomedicalization we examined the discourses on mental (ill) health, healthcare and youth that such responses reproduce. Results YCs engage in the three simultaneous, but at times contradictory, responses of protecting, managing and bending boundaries. Remaining true to their mission as a health-promotion service compels them to protect their boundaries and limit the type of mental health issues they address. However, the perceived malfunctioning of specialized services has led them to bend these boundaries to allow in more young people with severe mental health problems. Caught between protecting and bending boundaries, the response of managing boundaries to decide who should be allowed in and who should be sent elsewhere has emerged as a middle-way response. However, it is not free from conflicts. Conclusion Building upon the concept of biomedicalization, this study poses two questions. The first relates to whether it is possible to support young people and their health without reinforcing discourses that represent young people as collectively at risk, and if so how this can be done. The second relates to the provision of mental healthcare for young people, and the need to identify conditions for integrating diagnosis and treatment within YCs, without hindering their holistic and youth-centred approach.

BackgroundThe United Nations (UN) Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are parts of an ambitious framework for global development, the 2030 Agenda. Voluntary national reviews (VNRs) are described as “cornerstones” in the follow-up system, which is premised on international sharing of knowledge and experience. Norway and Sweden are among the world’s most sustainable countries, aiming to be leaders in the implementation of the SDGs. The objective of this article is to investigate and compare how health is framed in the VNRs of these two high-income countries, and to discuss the implications of these framings for potential actions. MethodsDiscourse analysis inspired by the concept of ‘framing,’ which refers to the discursive presentation of an issue where certain problem definitions and solutions are privileged over others. Frames are structures that organise and direct attention to particular aspects of reality, and define what is seen. ResultsOur analysis demonstrates that in the Norwegian VNR (NVNR), the issue of health is simplistically framed, focusing on the favourable situation of the majority, thus providing weak grounds for transformative action. In the Swedish VNR (SVNR), health is framed to highlight health as inextricably tied to societal inequalities. This underscores the need for integrated political action and leadership to counteract structural differences with negative consequences for health. ConclusionAnalysis of the two VNRs studied found a difference in how health is framed in these documents and these frames point to differences in approach and capacity to address health inequities and realise the holistic and integrative concept of health promoted in the 2030 Agenda. To realize the Agenda’s vision of “leaving no one behind” discourses of implementation that support the Agenda’s inclusive and holistic ambition must be developed. Further development of the follow-up and review system should acknowledge and address how frames can limit or enable integrative actions and are therefore important drivers of change.

The music festival Statement was initiated as a response to sexual violence towards women at other festivals, and during the work of creating a safe festival, separatism became the feminist strategy. In this paper we analyse media reporting from Statement, with a focus on the desire for safety. Using psychoanalytical discourse theory, we analyse different media materials, focusing on emotive language and fantasmatic narratives. We argue that in the media representations, a desire for safety is linked to enjoyment, opportunities to be oneself, predictability and lack of conflict. Safety is also strongly represented as linked to a focus on security and the absent man is continuously present in the media articulations. While the media representations tend to reconstruct a heterosexual Woman with a universal experience, the focus on the patriarchy, a common ‘we’ and the emotive language might nevertheless spur political mobilisation.

Abstract Background Microinstability of the hip joint is a proposed cause of hip pain and reduced function in young individuals. The underlying mechanism is thought to be extraphysiological hip motion due to bony deficiency and/or soft tissue deficiency or decreased soft tissue function. Recently, the condition has gained increased attention, and despite the fact that treatment today includes both non-surgical and surgical approaches, there is limited evidence on diagnostic specificity and treatment effects. The aim of this study is to evaluate clinical outcomes of both non-surgical and surgical treatment for microinstability of the hip joint. Methods A multicenter prospective cohort study is planned to evaluating the outcome of physical therapy aimed at stabilizing the hip joint, as well as arthroscopic plication of the hip joint capsule, if the physical therapy fails. Outcomes will be evaluated using hip-specific patient-reported outcome measures: the short version of the International Hip Outcome Tool and the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score, strength and function tests, health-related quality of life as determined using the European Quality of Life-5 Dimensions and the European Quality of Life-Visual Analog Scale, sports activity levels according to the Hip Sport Activity Scale, and reported complications. Patients will be evaluated at 6, 12 and 24 months after each treatment. Discussion It is important to evaluate the clinical outcomes of both non-surgical and surgical treatment for suspected microinstability of the hip joint, and the planned prospective evaluation will contribute to the understanding of non-surgical as well as surgical treatment outcomes, including complications. Trial registration Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT04934462 . Registered June 22 2021.

Background: Electronic medical records (EMRs) are adopted for storing patient-related healthcare information. Using data mining techniques, it is possible to make use of and derive benefit from this massive amount of data effectively. We aimed to evaluate validity of data extracted by the Customized eXtraction Program (CXP). Methods: The CXP extracts and structures data in rapid standardised processes. The CXP was programmed to extract TNFα-native active ulcerative colitis (UC) patients from EMRs using defined International Classification of Disease-10 (ICD-10) codes. Extracted data were read in parallel with manual assessment of the EMR to compare with CXP-extracted data. Results: From the complete EMR set, 2,802 patients with code K51 (UC) were extracted. Then, CXP extracted 332 patients according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Of these, 97.5% were correctly identified, resulting in a final set of 320 cases eligible for the study. When comparing CXP-extracted data against manually assessed EMRs, the recovery rate was 95.6–101.1% over the years with 96.1% weighted average sensitivity. Conclusion: Utilisation of the CXP software can be considered as an effective way to extract relevant EMR data without significant errors. Hence, by extracting from EMRs, CXP accurately identifies patients and has the capacity to facilitate research studies and clinical trials by finding patients with the requested code as well as funnel down itemised individuals according to specified inclusion and exclusion criteria. Beyond this, medical procedures and laboratory data can rapidly be retrieved from the EMRs to create tailored databases of extracted material for immediate use in clinical trials.

Abstract Purpose Greater trochanteric pain syndrome (GTPS) is a term covering different conditions generating lateral hip pain. Recalcitrant cases may require surgery but there are only a few studies evaluating endoscopic treatment. This study aimed to evaluate the outcome of endoscopically treated GTPS at minimum two years postoperatively using patient‐reported outcome measures (PROMs), and to assess the complication rate associated with endoscopic surgery. Methods A total of 33 patients, mean age 43.2 years, 88% women, with a mean symptom duration of 3.5 years, were included in the study. A total of 36 operated hips were included. Pre‐ and at minimum two years postoperatively the patients completed questionnaires consisting of the International Hip Outcome Tool (iHOT‐12) and the Hip Sports Activity scale (HSAS), the Visual analogue scale for overall hip function (VAS‐OHF), the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS), the EuroQoL‐5 Dimension Questionnaire (EQ‐5D) and the EQ‐VAS. Complications were assessed using the Clavien‐Dindo classification. Results Median follow‐up time was 24.5 months postoperatively. Statistically significant improvements were seen for the following PROMs (p

There is a lack of research on young trans people's everyday leisure. This article analyses how leisure, defined within a broad spatial context beyond sport and physical activity, is perceived and experienced by trans youth in relation to their mental health and wellbeing. We draw upon theoretical concepts of cisnormativity and spatiality to our analysis of sixteen interviews with young trans people (16-25 years old) in Sweden. Three themes emerged. The first refers to how both queer- and non-queer-specific leisure spaces connect people with similar (and different) experiences regarding queer and trans identities and shows how these identities can shift in importance. The second highlights how creative spaces (e.g., theatre, cosplay) can offer opportunities to carve out a leisured space to explore different gender identity/ies and expressions that are often crucial and life changing. The final theme illustrates how leisure is avoided, postponed, waited for, and reclaimed by trans youth. Excluding mechanisms such as transphobia, cisnormativity, and the lack of access to gender-confirming care can hinder young people's leisure participation. Our analysis illustrates the complex connections between leisure and mental health among young people with trans experiences. Leisure can be a source of discomfort and distress but also of belongingness and affirmation of one's identity. Finding and accessing strengthening leisure spaces demands emotional investment, engagement, and navigation.

Abstract Purpose To evaluate the outcome of arthroscopic treatment for iliopsoas impingement after total hip arthroplasty (THA) 2 years after surgery using patient reported outcomes (PROM). Methods In this study 12 patients (13 hips) were included from a local hip arthroscopy registry. Patients completed web‐based PROMs preoperatively and at a minimum of 2 years postoperatively. The PROMs included the International Hip Outcome Tool short version (iHOT‐12), the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS), the European Quality of Life‐5 Dimensions Questionnaire (EQ‐5D), the Hip Sports Activity Scale (HSAS) for physical activity level, the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for overall hip function and a single question regarding overall satisfaction with the surgery. Results The mean age was 64.4 years (±15.1SD), mean body mass index (BMI) was 26.6 (±4.3SD), mean follow‐up time was 49.8 months (±25SD). Comparing PROMs preoperatively with 2‐year follow up showed an improvement for many of the PROMs used. The PROMs scores were iHOT‐12 (24.9 vs 34.5, p = 0.13), HAGOS subscales (symptoms 38.2 vs 54.5, p = 0.05; pain 36 vs 53, p = 0.04; sport 14.1 vs 35.1, p = 0.03; daily activity 31 vs 47.5, p = 0.04; physical activity 21.8 vs 24, p = 0.76; quality of life 24 vs 35, p = 0.03), EQ‐VAS (57.9 vs 58, p = 0.08), EQ‐5D (0.34 vs 0.13, p = 0.07) and VAS for overall hip function (43.1 vs 46.2, p = 0.14). In total, 10 out of the 12 patients (83%) were satisfied with the intervention. Conclusion Patients undergoing surgery for iliopsoas impingement after previous THA showed improved self‐reported hip function where most patients were satisfied with treatment.

The objectives of this study are to: 1) Analyze and explain the effectiveness of internet-based online marketing strategies for SME products, 2) Analyze and explain the implementation of internet-based online marketing strategies for SME products, 3) Analyze and describe the supporting factors for the success of internet-based online marketing strategies for SME products, and 4) Analyze and describe the factors inhibiting the success of the internet-based online marketing strategy for SME products. The results showed that the effectiveness of the internet-based online marketing strategy of the SME products assisted by the Medan City Cooperative Office was still not optimal. The causative factor for this is due to the limited promotional budget owned by the Medan City UKM Cooperative Office in 2020 as well as the refocusing policy. The implementation of an internet-based online marketing strategy for SME products guided by the Medan City UKM Cooperative Office in 2020 in the midst of the Covid-19 pandemic was implemented and complied with the principles of coordination, the idea of cooperation through BRI banks to open easy access to credit, cooperation with online businesses to build digital market place with Grabfood, providing a market place at Bukalapak. Barriers to training distance and high interest in participating in training were seen to be quite dominant.

Municipalities in Sweden are recommended to pursue process automation to face upcoming societal challenges. This paper focuses on a case where these recommendations are operationalized. Views on process automation held by different stakeholders, in relation to value ideals they prioritize in their respective areas of work, are explored by combining stakeholder theory and a model of public value ideals. Our findings show that, different stakeholder groups prioritize different values and that their views on process automation as an enabler of these value ideals are either optimistic, undecided, or pessimistic, where the latter two can be considered obstacles. This paper contributes, with an empirical illustration of how process automation is operationalized, answering previous calls for more research on this topic. We also elaborate on the use of stakeholder theory and public value as an analytical lens, contributing to the growing body of research attempting to understand process automation.

Background and purpose — Femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS) is a common cause of hip pain and may contribute to the development of osteoarthritis. We investigated whether a prior hip arthroscopy affects the patient-reported outcomes (PROMs) of a later total hip arthroplasty (THA). Patients and methods — Patients undergoing hip arthroscopy between 2011 and 2018 were identified from a hip arthroscopy register and linked to the Swedish Hip Arthroplasty Register (SHAR). A propensity-score matched control group without a prior hip arthroscopy, based on demographic data and preoperative score from the EuroQoL visual analogue scale (EQ VAS) and hip pain score, was identified from SHAR. The group with a hip arthroscopy (treated group) consisted of 135 patients and the matched control group comprised 540 patients. The included PROMs were EQ-5D and EQ VAS of the EuroQoL group, and a questionnaire regarding hip pain and another addressing satisfaction. Rate of reoperation was collected from the SHAR. The follow-up period was 1 year. Results — The mean interval from arthroscopy to THA was 27 months (SD 19). The EQ-5D was 0.81 and 0.82, and EQ VAS was 78 and 79 in the treated group and the matched control group respectively. There were no differences in hip pain, and reported satisfaction was similar with 87% in the treated group and 86% in the matched control group. Interpretation — These results offer reassurance that a prior hip arthroscopy for FAIS does not appear to affect the short-term patient-reported outcomes of a future THA and indicate that patients undergoing an intervention are not at risk of inferior results due to their prior hip arthroscopy.

Purpose: To evaluate the 2-year outcomes after arthroscopic surgical treatment for femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS) using validated patient-reported outcome measurements in young elite athletes and to report the rate of return to sport. Methods: Young elite athletes undergoing arthroscopic surgery for FAIS with 2 years of follow-up were included. A young elite athlete was defined as an athlete aged 18 to 22 years at the time of surgery with a Hip Sports Activity Scale (HSAS) level greater than 6 before the onset of symptoms. The following patient-reported outcome measurements were collected prospectively: Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score, 12-item International Hip Outcome Tool, HSAS, visual analog scale (VAS), European Quality of Life (EQ) 5 Dimensions questionnaire, and EQ VAS. Furthermore, the patients answered a question related to satisfaction with surgery at follow-up. Results: A total of 84 athletes (67 male and 17 female athletes), with a mean age of 19.8 ± 1.5 years, completed the 2-year follow-up. Bilateral hip arthroscopy was performed in 57 athletes, generating a total of 141 included hips. The improvements in the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score subscales, 12-item International Hip Outcome Tool, EQ 5 Dimensions questionnaire, EQ VAS, and VAS for overall hip function were statistically significant (P < .001). At the 2-year follow-up, 42% of the athletes reported an HSAS level of either 7 or 8 whereas 28% reported an HSAS level of 5 or 6. In total, 79% of the athletes were satisfied with the surgical procedure. Conclusions: There are significant improvements in outcome measurements at the 2-year follow-up in elite young athletes undergoing arthroscopic hip surgery for FAIS. Although many of the athletes remained in high-level sports 2 years after surgery, only 30% of the athletes returned to sport at the same level. Level of Evidence: Level IV, therapeutic case series.

The objective of this research was to figure out the students’ dominant interpreting skills and process during the interpreting practice to hone their interpreting ability in English-Indonesia Interpreting class. This research was conducted to the last years university students and took 20 students as sample that taken by simple random sampling. This research employed the descriptive method. The instruments of this research were oral test and monitoring guide for observing interpreter practice. The result of this research located that the students’ oral test score was 6. It pointed out that students’ interpreting skill in fair level. Meanwhile, the average score of their decoding skill was 24. It showed that their decoding skill was at the very poor level. The student’s accuracy average score was 2,1. It pointed that they got the needed improvement level, and the average score of the student’s recording skill is 0.3. It means that they are in the unacceptable level in interpreting practice. The conclusion of this research is the students still having the lack of interpreting skill and process. They tend inconsistent in interpreting process.

Abstract Objective Parents have a key role regarding young people’s access to sexual and reproductive health services, thus their perceptions go a long way towards promoting or discouraging young people from using such services. Research has revealed that immigrant young people in Sweden access these essential services to a lesser extent than their native peers, and that they perceive their parents as unsupportive of such visits. This pilot study’s objective was to explore immigrant parents’ perceptions and experiences of the sexual and reproductive health services provided by Swedish youth clinics. Results Two categories were developed from the data analysis: (i) Youth clinics are well-known (to some) and appreciated (to a certain extent), and (ii) Parents feel left out from youth clinics and that the clinics have taken over parental responsibility. This study presents an ambivalent scenario connected to immigrant parents’ experiences and perceptions of having neither a space nor a voice within the existing youth clinic model. Parents expressed the desire for the youth clinics to recognise their cultural backgrounds, norms, and beliefs while providing sexual and reproductive health services to their children.

Abstract Purpose The aim was to investigate the rate of athletes still active at their pre-injury sports level two years after arthroscopic treatment for femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS), and examine this between different sports and gender, and its correlation to patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs). Method High-level athletes planned for arthroscopic treatment for FAIS were included prospectively in a Swedish hip arthroscopy registry between 2011 and 2017, and 717 met the inclusion criteria. Self-reported sporting activity was recorded preoperatively. The subjects answered PROMs, including the HSAS, iHOT-12 and HAGOS pre- and postoperatively. Results A total of 551 athletes (median age 26, interquartile range 20–34 years; 23% women) had completed follow-up PROMs, at mean 23.4 ± 7.2 months postoperatively. In total, 135 (24.5%) were active at their pre-injury level of sports at follow-up (RTSpre). Athletes ≤30 years at time of surgery (n = 366; median age 22 years) had higher rate of RTSpre (31.4%) compared with athletes > 30 years (n = 185; median age 40 years) (10.8%; p

I Sociologisk Forskning har undervisning och lärande tidigare diskuterats på flera sätt. Ämnet har bland annat behandlats i forskningsartiklar som undersökt skolbarns välbefinnande och utbildningsresultat (Aytar & Mella 2012), hinder för tillgång till högre utbildning (Ismail 2011), professionsutmaningar inom gymnasieutbildningen (Bruno 2012) och strukturella bestämningsfaktorer för akademiska karriärer (Behtoui 2017). Den sociologiska forskningspraktikens nära koppling till ämnets pedagogiska praktik har också medfört att personliga undervisningserfarenheter behandlats i olika texter (se specialnumret ”Sociologi i tiden”: Hansen, Johansson, Kollind m.fl. 1997). Tidskriftens redaktion skulle framöver gärna se fler artiklar som behandlar frågor om undervisning och lärande inom sociologiämnet. Vi välkomnar därför sociologikollegor att inkomma med förslag till sådana artiklar eller färdiga manus. Det skulle kunna vara texter om hur vår praktik som sociologer påverkar vårt sätt att undervisa, hur sociologisk forskning omsätts i undervisning, hur olika pedagogiska metoder och material kan användas i sociologiundervisningen eller hur samhälleliga processer och strukturer påverkar vad som händer i klassrummet. Vi tror att sådana reflektioner med fördel skulle kunna ta sin utgångspunkt i utbildningssociologi och den svenska sociologins reflekterande tradition. Som ett första steg mot att ge utrymme åt denna typ av artiklar publicerar vi i detta nummer ett samtal om hur undervisningen i sociologi har påverkats av övergången till digital undervisning under covid-19-pandemin. Vi bad fyra sociologikollegor, verksamma vid olika svenska lärosäten, att svara på några frågor utifrån sina erfarenheter som lärare, utbildningssamordnare och forskare. De medverkande är Martin Berg, professor i medieteknik och docent i sociologi vid Malmö universitet, som forskar om digital sociologi med särskilt fokus på kritiska studier av algoritmer och automatiseringsprocesser; Ida Lidegran, docent i utbildningssociologi vid Uppsala universitet, som ingår i Forskningsgruppen för utbildnings- och kultursociologi (SEC) och forskar om elitutbildningar och familjers utbildningsstrategier, migranters möte med det svenska utbildningssystemet samt utbildning och covid-19; Ulrika Schmauch, lektor i sociologi vid Umeå universitet, vars forskning handlar om social ojämlikhet i allmänhet och om ras, plats och kön i synnerhet; samt Glenn Sjöstrand, prefekt för Institutionen för samhällsstudier vid Linnéuniversitetet i Växjö, vars forskning i huvudsak är inriktad mot professionsstudier och särskilt ingenjörers professionella utveckling, men som även forskar om digital transformation, miljö och välfärdsfrågor.

Background and Objectives: Although multimorbidity poses many challenges for both individuals and healthcare systems, information on how these patients assess the quality of their healthcare is lacking. This study assessed the multimorbid patients’ satisfaction with their healthcare. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was a part of a project Joint Action—Chronic Diseases and Promoting Healthy Ageing across the Life Cycle and its implementation. The study included 400 patients with arterial hypertension and at least one concomitant chronic disease. Patients completed The Patient Assessment of Care for Chronic Conditions Plus (PACIC+) questionnaire, EuroQol Five-Dimensions—Three-Level Quality of Life questionnaire, and Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale. Results: The mean age of the participants was 65.38 years; there were 52.5% women. The mean PACIC+ 5As summary score was 3.60. With increasing age, participants rated worse on most PACIC+ subscales. Participants who assessed their quality of life as worse were also less satisfied with their healthcare. The presence of three or more concomitant diseases negatively affected PACIC+ scores. Patients with ischemic heart disease and heart failure had lower PACIC+ scores on most subscales, whereas patients with atrial fibrillation had lower scores only on the Agree subscale. The presence of diabetes was not associated with worse PACIC+ scores; moreover, the scores in Assist and Arrange subscales were even better in diabetic patients (3.36 vs. 2.80, p = 0.000 and 3.69 vs. 3.13, p = 0.008, respectively). Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, and musculoskeletal disorders showed lower PACIC+ scores. Conclusions: Older age, worse self-assessed health state, presence of three or more diseases, and certain chronic diseases were associated with lower patients’ satisfaction with their healthcare. Personalized healthcare, increasing competencies of primary healthcare teams, healthcare services accessibility, and financial motivation of healthcare providers may increase multimorbid patients’ satisfaction with their healthcare.

Abstract Background Changes in the demographics and respective growth of life expectancy and social needs make informal caregiving crucial component of comprehensive health and social care network, which substantially contributes to the health and well-being of the elderly. The purpose of this paper is to understand the system of care of elderly patients with mental disorders from the perspective of informal caregivers in Lithuania. Methods We conducted five semi-structured focus group discussions with 31 informal caregivers attending to elderly patients with mental disorders. The data were audiotaped and transcribed verbatim. A thematic analysis was subsequently performed. Results Five thematic categories were established: (1) the current state of care-receivers: representation of the complexity of patients’ physical and mental condition. (2) The current state of caregivers: lack of formal caregivers’ integration as a team; inadequate formal involvement of informal caregivers. (3) Basic care needs: the reflection of the group needs relating directly to the patient, care organisation and the caretaker. (4) The (non-) Readiness of the existing system to respond to the needs for care: long-term care reliance on institutional services, lack of distinction between acute/immediate care and nursing, lack of integration between the medical sector and the social care sector. (5) Potential trends for further improvement of long-term care for the elderly with mental disorders. Conclusions Strengthening of the care network for elderly patients with mental disorders should cover more than a personalised and comprehensive assessment of the needs of patients and their caregivers. Comprehensive approaches, such as formalization of informal caregivers’ role in the patient care management and planning, a more extensive range of available services and programs supported by diverse sources of funding, systemic developments and better integration of health and social care systems are essential for making the system of care more balanced.

Abstract Background Immigrant populations face diverse barriers to accessing appropriate healthcare services on several levels. In the Basque Country, Sub-Saharan African women were identified as facing the largest barriers to access them. The aim of the study is to analyse Sub-Saharan African immigrant women's perceptions and experiences of access to appropriate healthcare in the public health system in the Basque Country, Spain. Methods Fourteen women from eight Sub-Saharan African countries who have used the Basque public healthcare services were interviewed. A qualitative content analysis was applied: meaning that units were identified, coded and the resulting codes were then organized into three categories. Results The first category, Fearing to enter a health system perceived as not friendly for immigrants, included factors, mainly those related to legal conditions for accessing healthcare services and lack of lawful documentation, that made women avoid or discontinue seeking out healthcare. The second category, Being attended on professionals' own communication terms, comprised how the lack of effective communication compromised not only the access of the immigrant women to healthcare services, but also their health. Lastly, the third category, Is mistreatment based on racism or merely on bad luck? described how being an immigrant and black influenced the way they were (mis)treated in the health system. Conclusion For Sub-Saharan African immigrant women, accessing appropriate healthcare in the Basque Country was perceived to be subject to institutional barriers. At the legal level, barriers included lack of entitlement, difficulties in fulfilling legal access conditions and lack of documentation. The lack of communication with health centre staff and their attitudes, guided by a stereotyped social image of immigrants and black people, also hindered their possibilities of receiving appropriate healthcare. Facilitators for accessing healthcare included strategies from individual professionals, personal networks and social actors to help them to cope with the barriers. There is a need of reinforcing inclusion values and rights-based approach to attention among staff at the health centres to have more non-discriminatory and culturally appropriate health systems.

High-throughput sequencing and analyzes of antibody repertoire provide important information on immune responses, but current methodologies are limited in sequence assembly precision and haplotype inference validity. Here the authors propose a new Bayesian haplotyping method, and attest its broad application with a large, multi-individual dataset.

Abstract Background Management of congenital malformations of the pulmonary artery and valve can be challenging. The severity often demands early intervention, which is rarely definitive due to the natural growth and multiple surgeries may be required. An artificial valve made entirely from biodegradable materials that will serve as a bioscaffold for host recellularization would be an attractive solution for these patients. Such valves have been experimentally evaluated with various results. In this study, a simple valve design supported by an absorbable proximal stabilization ring is evaluated both in-vitro and in-vivo. Methods From a 6.7 × 5.0 cm sheet of CorMatrix® tissue we created the valve as an inverted tubegraft with three sutured commissures. A non-closed ring of LactoSorb® basally supported the valve. The commissure height was 2 cm. Inserted as an interposition graft the valve was tested in an in-vitro model and an acute porcine model. Right ventricular and pulmonary artery pressures were recorded. Results The in-vitro testing indicated a proper opening and closure function of valve at physiological simulated hemodynamic conditions. The in-vivo evaluation showed a peak right ventricular pressure of 38 mmHg and a peak pulmonary artery pressure of 27 mmHg and thereby a peak valve gradient of 11 mmHg. The pulmonary pressure wave demonstrated a dicrotic notch indicating competence of the valve. Conclusion This new pulmonary valve made entirely from biodegradable tissue worked in an acute setting and displayed a good hemodynamic profile. The valve gradient observed is equal to or superior of today’s surgical treatment options.

This paper examines changes in Orang Laut settlements in two villages namely Tanjung Solok Village and Jambi Province Fisheries Village. Changes occurred from settlements on boats in the sea to settlements inside houses in the village. The research method used is an ethnographic research method whose characteristics are "researching informants - as subjects of research-in their daily environment". The researcher and the object under study interact intensely through in-depth observation of the object in accordance with the research objectives. In the two villages studied, the facts of the changes that have taken place over the past 30 years have been found, due to the incessant government programs to "settle" the Sea People to the mainland. Changes in the lives of the Orang Laut in the new and permanent villages have caused the loss of traditional knowledge of the Orang Laut in the maritime field. They changed from the Sea People who lived in a sea that was modest and full of wisdom to the sea and coastal ecosystems to become Sea People who lived on land with complex life, carried by the current of modernization and exploiting and destroying marine and coastal ecosystems.

Dementia is considered to be a significant cause of disability and dependency for older people worldwide and it raises difficulties in providing adequate formal and informal assistance. Research on the experience of long-term care (LTC)services for older people with dementia is scarce in Eastern European countries. This study aimed to understand the system of care for older people with dementia from the perspective of health and social care workers providing LTC services in Lithuania. A total of 72 primary health care and social care professionals from public and private institutions in Kaunas city participated in this study. One-to-one interviews were conducted with family physicians, community nurses, psychiatrists, psychiatric nurses, and social workers. A vignette situation of 2 fictitious patients with dementia and their informal caregiver was discussed during the interviews. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis by induction approach. The data revealed 2 main themes: LTC provision trajectory, and three-dimensional relationship perception in realization of LTC activities. LTC provision trajectory reflected activities performed as a response to the described situation embracing formal procedures for the endorsement of LTC needs as well as the range of LTC services. The three-dimensional perception of relationships in LTC services’ implementation reflected the participants’ personal approach toward LTC, relationship with different specialists, and the informal caregiver. Our study revealed the potential of complex measures that could be instrumental for the refinement of the caregiving process. First, a change in the additional care requirements endorsement logic is needed, shifting focus from medical diagnosis to functional abilities assessment. Second, to establish clear procedures for formal cooperation between the health and social care sectors in the trajectory of LTC service provision. Finally, to find an adequate balance between LTC and institutional care by creating a more comprehensive range of LTC services. A more consistent and coordinated delivery of services by both health and social care sectors seems to be an untapped resource for the improvement of the LTC potential.

La enfermedad granulomatosa crónica (EGC) es un error innato de la inmunidad. Se caracteriza por deficiencia en la función del complejo de la NADPH oxidasa. La EGC ha sido una oportunidad para estudiar la función de las especies reactivas de oxígeno (ROS) en el sistema inmune innato. La ausencia de ROS producidas por la NADPH oxidasa en los neutrófilos y en los macrófagos lleva a mayor susceptibilidad a infecciones bacterianas y fúngicas, debido a que las ROS participan en la eliminación de los microorganismos. Las manifestaciones inflamatorias y autoinmunes también están presentes en la EGC, sin embargo, no es del todo clara la relación de causalidad entre la falta de ROS y los síntomas inflamatorios. Se han realizado diversos ensayos in vitro en humanos y experimentales en ratones para tratar de entender esta relación. Los estudios muestran que las ROS reaccionan con diferentes moléculas del sistema inmune, inhibiendo o estimulando su función, lo que explica que en la EGC se afecten varias vías de la inflamación que no están relacionadas entre sí; por lo tanto, han sido diversos los mecanismos de afectación descritos, como por ejemplo una mayor producción de citocinas proinflamatorias, un incremento en los linfocitos TH17 y una alteración en procesos como eferocitosis, apoptosis, autofagia e inflamasoma. El entendimiento de los mecanismos que llevan a la inflamación en la deficiencia del complejo de la NADPH oxidasa ha llevado a plantear nuevos tratamientos que actúan en procesos como la autofagia, el inflamosoma o el bloqueo de citocinas proinflamatorias. En esta revisión describimos las diferentes manifestaciones inflamatorias en EGC y los mecanismos moleculares a través de los cuales la falta de ROS conduce a la hiperinflamación.

Abstract Purpose The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the trends in the literature regarding surgical treatment for femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS) and to present which patient‐reported outcome‐measures (PROMs) and surgical approaches are included. Methods This systematic review was conducted with the PRISMA guidelines. The literature search was performed on PubMed and Embase, covering studies from 1999 to 2020. Inclusion criteria were clinical studies with surgical treatment for FAIS, the use of PROMs as evaluation tool and studies in English. Exclusion criteria were studies with patients

Background and Objectives: The safety and effectiveness of vaccines are among the key priorities in COVID-19 pandemic management. Moreover, evidence-based data regarding vaccine safety and immunogenicity can play an important role in building the trust of the community regarding vaccination. The aim of this study was to investigate the safety and immunogenicity of Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine among healthcare workers in one hospital, 21 days after first dose. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted in the Hospital of the Lithuanian University of Health Sciences between February and March 2021. Hospital employees who arrived to receive the second dose of the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine 21 days after the first one were invited to participate in the study: they were asked to complete an anonymous adverse events questionnaire and were offered a SARS-CoV-2 IgG/IgM rapid test. The study was performed at a single point, 21 days after the first dose of the vaccine. Results: Data of 4181 vaccine recipients were analysed. The first vaccine dose was associated with a 53.6% incidence of adverse events, mainly local reactions. Adverse events occurred more frequently in younger participants and women. Moderate adverse events were experienced by 1.4% of the vaccine recipients; 6.2% were incapacitated. Of the 3439 participants who performed a rapid IgG test, 94.5% were positive for IgG antibodies after the first vaccine dose. Seroconversion rates were lower in participants older than 47 years. Conclusions: Despite 1.4% moderate adverse events, no safety concerns or anaphylaxis were identified. The Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine induced an immune response in the overwhelming majority of recipients after a single dose. Younger participants experienced adverse events and were positive for IgG antibodies more frequently than older counterparts. It is important to mention that this study specifically considered short-term safety and reactions following vaccination and that long-term adverse effects were not investigated in the study. Thus, future research into both long-term adverse reactions and immune system programming is essential.

There is currently an ongoing, global race to develop, implement and make use of AI in both the private and public sector. How AI will affect responsibilities and public values to be upheld by government remains to be seen. This paper analyzes how AI is portrayed in Swedish policy documents and what values are attributed to the use of AI, based on an established e-government value framework. Statements are identified in policy documents and are coded into one of four value ideal, as well as being either a benefit, consideration, or risk. We conclude that there is discrepancy in the policy level discourse concerning AI between the different value ideals and that the discourse surrounding AI may be overly optimistic. A more nuanced view of AI in government is needed for creating realistic expectations.