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Dina Keumala Sari,1 Nurhadi Ibrahim,2 Nina Herlina,3,4 Nurfida Khairina Arrasyid,5 Ridha Dharmajaya,6 Meike Rachmawati,7 Noorzaid Muhammad,8 Ivan Salazar-Chang9 1Nutrition Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, North Sumatra, Indonesia; 2Physiology and Biophysics Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Center Java, Indonesia; 3Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Pakuan, Bogor, West Java,Indonesia; 4Program Study of Pharmacy, Faculty of Math and Science, Pakuan University, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia; 5Parasitology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, North Sumatra, Indonesia; 6Neurosurgery Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, North Sumatra, Indonesia; 7Anatomical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Bandung Islamic University, Bandung, Indonesia; 8Cluster of Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Royal College of Medicine Perak, Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia; 9International Relation Department, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, SpainCorrespondence: Dina Keumala Sari, Nutrition Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Jl. Dr. Mansur, No. 5, Kampus USU, Padang Bulan, Medan, North Sumatra, Indonesia, Tel +62 81397177693, Email dina@usu.ac.idBackground: Local wisdom food ingredients in North Sumatra, Indonesia, are a source of phenolics which have antioxidant, antihyperlipidemia, neuronal survival, and growth. Administering products with antioxidant properties can provide a supporting effect in preventing inflammation and neurodegenerative process.Objective: The main objective of this study was to analyze the formulation of red palm oil (Elaeis guineensis Jacq), koja bay leaves (Murraya koenigii L Spreng), and passion fruit seeds (Passiflora edulis Sims) to improve lipid profile, antioxidant activity, Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF), and lipase enzyme activity of Sprague-Dawley rats.Methods: This study was an in vivo and pre-post experimental study, starting with analyzing flavonoid of the three extract ingredients, then tested by giving it to rats for 14 days and ending with induction administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for two days. This pre-post study on animals involved 36 rats divided into 6 groups. At the end of the study, termination and examination of malondialdehyde, lipid profile, glucose, BDNF, lipase enzyme activity and histopathological examination were carried out.Results: The study results showed that there were significant values in several parameters, which were body weight, LDL, LDL/HDL ratio, BDNF, and lipase enzyme activity especially in the group of rats given LPS and the group with high calories-fat-protein. This study showed that there were significant differences in body weight, LDL levels, and LDL/HDL ratio in each group of rats, especially in the group given the formulation of the three extract ingredients, the significant dose showed in 300mg/kg body weight (p < 0.001).Conclusion: The formulation of red palm oil, koja bay leaves, and passion fruit seeds showed significant reduction in LDL levels, LDL/HDL ratio, BDNF, and lipase enzyme activity.Keywords: atheromatic, leaves, plaque analysis, preventive, oxidized, LDL, nutrition, oil, seed

Purpose – The primary objective of this paper is to explore the robust determinants influencing the infection rate and case mortality rate of COVID-19 in both developing and developed economies. The analysis is conducted using a dataset encompassing 148 countries. Design/methodology/approach – To achieve this goal, empirical testing utilizes the Sala-i-Martin version of extreme bounds analysis, a method grounded in the cumulative density function. This approach allows for a comprehensive exploration of potential determinants. Findings – The analysis results reveal that, to a large extent, distinct factors contribute to the infection and mortality rates in developed and developing countries. Notwithstanding these differences, certain common factors emerge, such as the risk environment, the number of tests conducted per million people and the percentage of the population over 65. Originality/value – Despite acknowledging the potential limitations inherent in official data, this study concludes that the presented results offer valuable insights. The identified determinants, both unique and common, contribute to understanding the dynamics of COVID-19 in diverse economic settings. The information gleaned from this research holds significance for decision-makers involved in combating the ongoing pandemic.

Norhayati Mustafa Khalid,1 Pavapriya Ponvel,1 Azianah Mohamad Ibrahim,1 A’isyah Mohd Safien,1 Nurul Hidayah Md Fadzil,1 Devinder Kaur Ajit Singh,1 Arimi Fitri Mat Ludin,1 Norhayati Ibrahim,1 Ponnusamy Subramaniam,1 Hasnah Haron,1 Roslee Rajikan,1 Divya Vanoh,2 Suzana Shahar1 1Center for Healthy Aging and Wellness, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; 2Dietetics Programme, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, MalaysiaCorrespondence: Suzana Shahar, Center for Healthy Aging and Wellness, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur, 50300, Malaysia, Tel +60 392897163, Email suzana.shahar@ukm.edu.myPurpose: There is a limited availability of multidomain interventions that target cognitive frailty. Thus, the aim of the present study was to develop and evaluate the content validity and acceptance of the multidomain intervention module to reverse cognitive frailty among older adults (iAGELESS).Patients and Methods: This study was conducted in two phases: Phase I included the development of the multidomain intervention module iAGELESS and evaluation of content validity, while Phase II consisted of evaluating the acceptance of the module among 18 healthcare and social care providers, 13 older adults with cognitive frailty, and 13 caregivers. Content validity index (CVI) was used to quantify the content validity. Respondents completed a questionnaire which consisted of information on sociodemographic, followed by module acceptance evaluation with respect to content, terminologies, and graphics. The data was then analyzed descriptively.Results: A multidomain intervention module, iAGELESS was developed. The module was found to have appropriate content validity (overall CVI = 0.83). All the caregivers, 92% of older adults with cognitive frailty and 83% of healthcare and social care providers were satisfied with the overall content of the module. More than 50% of those who accepted the module had satisfactory consensus on the ease of the terminologies, length of sentences, pictures, information, color, and font size included in the module.Conclusion: The iAGELESS module demonstrated good content validity and was well accepted, thus warranting its utilization in future studies to determine its effectiveness in reversing cognitive frailty among older adults.Keywords: aging, cognitive frailty, multidomain intervention module, older adults, reversal

Abstract Background Dental resin-based composites are widely recognized for their aesthetic appeal and adhesive properties, which make them integral to modern restorative dentistry. Despite their advantages, adhesion and biomechanical performance challenges persist, necessitating innovative strategies for improvement. This study addressed the challenges associated with adhesion and biomechanical properties in dental resin-based composites by employing molecular docking and dynamics simulation. Methods Molecular docking assesses the binding energies and provides valuable insights into the interactions between monomers, fillers, and coupling agents. This investigation prioritizes SiO2 and TRIS, considering their consistent influence. Molecular dynamics simulations, executed with the Forcite module and COMPASS II force field, extend the analysis to the mechanical properties of dental composite complexes. The simulations encompassed energy minimization, controlled NVT and NPT ensemble simulations, and equilibration stages. Notably, the molecular dynamics simulations spanned a duration of 50 ns. Results SiO2 and TRIS consistently emerged as influential components, showcasing their versatility in promoting solid interactions. A correlation matrix underscores the significant roles of van der Waals and desolvation energies in determining the overall binding energy. Molecular dynamics simulations provide in-depth insights into the mechanical properties of dental composite complexes. HEMA-SiO2-TRIS excelled in stiffness, BisGMA-SiO2-TRIS prevailed in terms of flexural strength, and EBPADMA-SiO2-TRIS offered a balanced combination of mechanical properties. Conclusion These findings provide valuable insights into optimizing dental composites tailored to diverse clinical requirements. While EBPADMA-SiO2-TRIS demonstrates distinct strengths, this study emphasizes the need for further research. Future investigations should validate the computational findings experimentally and assess the material's response to dynamic environmental factors.

Aims: The present study aimed at molecular identification of putative Cof-like hydrolase associated with dehalogenase gene from a bacterium that was isolated from a contaminated sea-side area in the Philippines. The bacterium was subjected to 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis for identity of the genus and species.Methodology and results: Based on basic microbiological analysis and 16S rRNA sequence determination, strain MN1 showed high sequence identity to Enterobacter cloacae. This is the first reported study that Enterobacter could degrade 2,2-dichloropropionate (2,2-DCP). A putative dehalogenase gene like was identified by direct sequencing and analysis of the PCR-amplified genomic DNA of the bacterium. A comparative analysis of the sequence data revealed that the amino acid sequence is closely related to several Cof-like hydrolase associated with L-specific dehalogenases.Conclusion, significance and impact of study: Current study may suggest that the hydrolase may have similar function to dehalogenase. However, further analysis like enzyme assay need to be carried out to confirm this. Putative dehalogenase gene can be amplified using PCR technique provided that the specific primers designed were used.

IntroductionThis investigation delves into the mechanical behaviour of titanium dental implants, a preferred choice for tooth replacement due to their superior reliability over alternative materials. The phenomenon of implant loosening, frequently induced by masticatory activities, underscores the significance of surface modification or texturing to bolster the interaction between the implant and bone tissue. This research comprehensively examines the effects of four distinct surface texturing techniques and five varied bone quality conditions on the biomechanical performance of these implants.MethodsThe scope of this study is delineated by its focus on implants of diameters 4 mm and 6 mm, with lengths measuring 9 mm and 12 mm respectively. Furthermore, the analysis incorporates the evaluation of four different coatings—hydroxyapatite, HA3TO, HA3Sr, and HA1.5TO1.5Sr—to investigate their efficacy in enhancing the osseointegration process on textured surfaces of dental implants.ResultsThe experimental design entails the assessment of stress distribution within the implant and its coatings, alongside the strain exerted on the surrounding cancellous bone, under the conditions of an average vertical biting force. A comparative analysis between solid implants and those subjected to surface texturing techniques has been conducted. This comparison elucidates the advantageous microstrain profiles presented by certain textured surfaces, which are deemed more conducive to optimal osseointegration.DiscussionNotably, across all examined textures, the application of hydroxyapatite (HA) and a modified HA composition (HA1.5TO1.5Sr) demonstrates significant improvements in mechanical stability, particularly in scenarios involving weak and very weak bone conditions. This study's findings contribute to the ongoing advancement in dental implant technology, emphasizing the critical role of surface texturing and coating strategies in promoting implant longevity and integration within the biomechanical environment of the human oral cavity.

Aim: This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of photobiomodulation therapy (PBM) in enhancing bone integration with dental implants. Method: PubMed, ScienceDirect, the Cochrane Library, Scopus, and Google Scholar were searched. Studies assessing PBM effectiveness with defined intervention/control groups were included, while those lacking specified laser types, involving severe maxillofacial defects or surgery, and not reporting outcomes related to dental implant osseointegration post-PBM therapy were excluded. The studies' risk of bias was assessed using Robvis for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and ROBINS-I for non-RCTs. The meta-analysis was conducted utilizing a random-effects model at a significance level of 0.01. Results: The study reviewed 26 papers involving 571 patients undergoing dental implant procedures with PBM/Low-Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) or placebo/control. Implant stability quotients (ISQ) analysis showed a non-significant difference (p = 0.06, mean difference: 1.02, 95 % CI: 0.28 to 1.75, I2=28 %), while the Periotest method indicated significant improvement in stability (p < 0.01, mean difference: -0.51, 95 % CI: -0.78 to -0.24, I2=71 %). PBM resulted in a significant bone density increase (p < 0.01, mean difference: 26, 95 % CI: 6.93 to 45.06, I2=91 %), but marginal bone loss showed no significant difference (p = 0.11, mean difference: 0.00, 95 % CI: -0.06 to 0.05, I2=45 %). Implant survival rate did not significantly differ (p = 0.73, mean difference: 1.56, 95 % CI: 0.38 to 6.46, I2=0 %). Most studies raised concerns regarding randomization. Conclusion: PBM could improve implant stability, as assessed with Periotest, and increase bone density, enhancing osseointegration. However, implant stability assessed with ISQ, marginal bone loss, and implant survival rate were comparable between the study groups.

Aims: The goal of the study is to isolate species of bacteria that capable of utilizing 2,2-dichloropropionic acid (2,2-DCP) as sole carbon source from soil sample collected from surrounding lake water located in Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor. Methodology and Results: Genomic DNA from bacterium SE1 was extracted and PCR amplification was carried out using universal primers, Fd1 (5’ - AGA GTT TGA TCC TGGCTC AG - 3’) and rP1 (5’- ACG GTC ATA CCT TGT TAC GAC TT - 3’) before sending for sequencing. The 16S rDNA nucleotide sequences were compared with Basic Local Alignment Search Tool nucleotide (BLASTn) and further analyzed using phylogenetic tree of Neighbour-Joining method (MEGA 5). Phylogenetic analysis indicated that SE1 strain clearly shared 97% homology to the genus of Serratia marcescens and therefore designated as Serratia marcescens sp. SE1. SE1 exhibited the ability to utilize 2,2-DCP as sole carbon source at 20 mM concentration with cell doubling time of 5 h and maximum chloride ion release of 38 μmolCl-/mL. This result suggests that the dehalogenase enzyme present in the bacteria has high affinity towards the substrate. Based on morphological and partial biochemical characteristics, strain SE1 was a non-motile Gram negative bacterium with red colonies, that gave a catalase positive reaction. Conclusion, significance and impact of study: A better understanding of dehalogenases enzyme produce by this S. marcescens sp. SE1 in general will be useful to be used as bioremediation tools for environmental management. This is the first reported case that Serratia sp. has the ability to degrade halogenated compound.

Abstract Background Various methods, chemical and physical, disinfect dental impressions. Common chemicals include 1% Sodium Hypochlorite and 2% glutaraldehyde, while UV radiation is a prevalent physical method. Few studies compare their effects on dimensional stability in polyether impressions. This study aims to assess such stability using different disinfection methods. Therefore, this study was planned to evaluate the dimensional stability of polyether impression material using different disinfection methods. Methods This in vitro study compared the effects of chemical disinfectants (1% Sodium Hypochlorite and 2% glutaraldehyde) and UV irradiation on the dimensional stability of polyether impression material. Groups A, B, C, and D, each with ten samples (N = 10), were studied. Group A was untreated (control). Group B was treated with 2% glutaraldehyde for 20 min, Group C with 1% Sodium Hypochlorite for 20 min, and Group D with UV rays for 20 min. A pilot milling machine drill was used to make four parallel holes labeled A, B, C, and D in the anterior and premolar regions from right to left. After sequential drilling, four implant analogs were positioned using a surveyor for accuracy. Ten open-tray polyether impressions were made and treated as described in the groups, followed by pouring the corresponding casts. Distortion values for each disinfection method were measured using a coordinate measuring machine capable of recording on the X- and Y-axes. Results A comprehensive analysis was conducted using the one-way ANOVA test for distinct groups labeled A, B, C, and D, revealing significant differences in the mean distances for X1, X2, X4, X5, and X6 among the groups, with p-values ranging from 0.001 to 0.000. However, no significant differences were observed in X3. Notably, mean distances for the Y variables exhibited substantial differences among the groups, emphasizing parameter variations, with p-values ranging from 0.000 to 0.033. The results compared the four groups using the one-way ANOVA test, revealing statistically significant distance differences for most X and Y variables, except for X3 and Y4. Similarly, post-hoc Tukey’s tests provided specific pairwise comparisons, underlining the distinctions between group C and the others in the mean and deviation distances for various variables on both the X- and Y-axes. Conclusions This study found that disinfection with 1% sodium hypochlorite or UV rays for 20 min maintained dimensional stability in polyether impressions.

Abstract The rapid growth of videoconferencing technology in e-learning has gained significant attention in recent years. However, the literature lacks focus on the quality aspects contributing to the success of videoconferencing platforms in online learning. To fill this gap, this study used the DeLone and McLean information system success model to assess how three quality aspects (system, information, and service) of Microsoft Teams videoconferencing platform influenced students’ learning outcomes in online learning. The study involved surveying 261 students and found that all three quality dimensions significantly impacted students’ usage and satisfaction with Microsoft Teams. Remarkably, information quality had the most pronounced influence, and system use also positively affected student satisfaction, whereas student satisfaction played more significant role in their perceived benefits compared to system use. The study concluded that Microsoft Teams’ three quality dimensions contribute to enhancing student-perceived benefits in e-learning environment, confirming its success as an e-learning platform for students.

Abstract This analytical cross-sectional study evaluated the perception of black triangles (BT) and examined the relationships between the perception of BT, personality factors, different educational backgrounds and demographic factors. 435 participants were included and divided into four groups: dentists, clinical (4th and 5th year) dental students, pre-clinical (3rd year) dental students, and laypeople. Participants’ perception of the attractiveness of smile profiles of maxillary and mandibular anterior dentition with BT was rated using a ten-point VAS scale with 0 being the least, and 10 being the most attractive smile profile. The personality was assessed using the NEO-FFI personality questionnaire. The smile profile with multiple large BT was rated the least attractive for the maxillary (mean = 3.6) and mandibular (mean = 3.9) tested profiles. The smile profile without BT was rated the most attractive for the maxillary (mean = 9.1) and mandibular (mean = 8.8) tested profiles. The dental professionals perceived the maxillary smile profile with multiple large BT as less attractive than the non-dental participants (t = − 2.715, P = 0.007). Being a male, having dental education, having lower Neuroticism scores, as well as having higher Openness, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, and Extraversion scores predicted and contributed more towards perceiving various tested smile profiles as more attractive. These findings show that black triangles negatively impacts the perception of smile attractiveness, and that personality traits and having dental education impact the perception of smile attractiveness for smiles with black triangles.

Phenolic compounds (PCs) are prevalent in olive mill wastewater (OMW), offering numerous health benefits but concurrently posing environmental challenges. This study aims to comprehensively characterize PCs in OMW, both qualitatively and quantitatively. An accurate, sensitive, and cost-effective method was successfully developed for extracting and quantifying seven PCs in OMW. The extraction procedure was optimized to achieve the maximum recovery using a liquid-liquid extraction method. Concentrations of the identified PCs were determined using a high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector (HPLC-DAD). The seven PCs peaks were successfully separated on an RP-C8 column within a 23-minute runtime using a gradient mobile phase. The method underwent thorough validation, producing satisfactory results. Subsequently, the developed method was applied to analyze OMW from four olive mills in Jordan, revealing PC concentrations ranging from 139 to 430 mg/L. Tyrosol and hydroxytyrosol were identified as the most abundant compounds. Additionally, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) separated and identified forty PCs. The total phenolic content was quantified, reaching a value of 1839 mg/L. Moreover, the antioxidant activity was assessed, yielding a maximum value of 95.8%. These results underscore the substantial levels of PCs in OMW, highlighting the importance of economically utilizing this water. HIGHLIGHTS A novel HPLC-DAD method has been developed to determine PCs in OMW.; This method was employed for the analysis of PCs in OMW samples from Jordan, revealing that tyrosol and hydroxytyrosol were the most abundant compounds.; Forty PCs were identified in OMW utilizing GC/MS.; The results underscore the richness of PCs in OMW and the potential for economically harnessing this resource.;

Objective This study aimed to provide valuable insights into the current research status and gaps in digital intraoral scanner literature in dentistry. Methodology Scopus Search Query TITLE-ABS-KEY (intraoral AND scanners AND (dentistry OR digital AND dentistry)). The search query used in Scopus for the bibliometric analysis was “TITLE-ABS-KEY (intraoral AND scanners AND (dentistry OR digital AND dentistry)).” This query indicates that the analysis focused on documents in which the title, abstract, or keywords contained the terms “intraoral,” “scanners,” and either “dentistry” or “digital dentistry.” Results The analysis covers a timespan from 1998 to 2023 and includes 331 documents sourced from 136 publications. The annual growth rate of research in this field is reported to be 15.9%, indicating a steady increase over time. Among the top sources, the “Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry” and the “Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry” have the highest number of articles, indicating their significance in the field. Some notable authors and their corresponding statistics include WÖSTMANN B, with 15 articles and a fractionalized value of 3.16, and SCHLENZ MA, with 14 articles and a fractionalized value of 2.91. The United States has the highest number of articles, indicating a significant presence in research publications. Germany closely follows this, demonstrating a notable contribution to the scientific community. Conclusions This bibliometric analysis of intraoral scanners used in dentistry provided valuable insights into the current state of research and scholarly publications in this field. This analysis sheds light on the trends, patterns, and advancements in the use of these scanners in dental practice.

Evaporative losses from the water surface are substantial. Continuous floating covers strikingly suppress evaporation, but adversely affect the water environment. However, modular floating “elements” covers might overcome this issue, but with less evaporation suppression efficiency. We hypothesized that modifying the continuous floating covers by decreasing the coverage fraction (CF) could merge the advantages of both types. Two experiments were conducted to evaluate and compare the influence of modular and continuous floating covers on evaporation losses with emphasizing their impacts on the water environment by determining microalga growth as a bio-indicator. The effect of three modular floating covers, i.e., partially water-filled plastic potable bottles (W-PB), air-filled plastic potable bottles (A-PB), and styrofoam (STF)-disks on the evaporation rate was evaluated. In the second experiment, we investigated the influence of white spheres on evaporation rate in comparison to three continuous floating covers, i.e., styrofoam sheet (STF-sheet), white plastic sheet (WPS), and black plastic sheet (BPS), using three CF, i.e., 0.9, 0.95 and 1.0. The results revealed that modular floating covers decreased evaporation rate for the two months by 53.3, 44.6, 43.0% for STF-disks, W-PB, and A-PB, respectively. In the second experiment, the lowest evaporation rate was obtained using continuous floating covers at CF=1, in which all covers were acting equally, signifying the importance of CF over cover color. However, at CF=0.9, white spheres showed similar evaporation suppression efficiency to white continues floating covers, i.e., STF-sheet and WPS, but higher than the BPS, signifying the role of cover color over cover type when CF

Abstract Background The effectiveness of newly developed elastomeric polymer hybrid siloxane (PVES), which combines the properties of polyethylene (PE) and polyvinyl siloxane (PVS) elastomers, has been a subject of interest in recent studies. This study aimed to assess the physical properties of hybrid PVES materials by analyzing existing data from recent studies on this topic. Methods A systematic literature search was conducted to retrieve peer-reviewed articles published up to February 5, 2023. The population, intervention, comparison, and pertinent outcomes were specified under the PICO framework. The primary data analysis was performed in Microsoft Excel, while statistical analysis used Meta-Essentials. Results Of the 1152 articles assessed, 14 met the inclusion criteria. The meta-analysis of the selected studies indicated that polyether (PE) and polyvinyl siloxane (PVS) were highly correlated (two-tailed p-values of 0.000 and 0.001, respectively) with the improved tensile strength of vinyl polyether siloxane (PVES) with a significantly positive effect size. Similarly, the hydrophilic characteristics of PVES were significantly improved compared to those of PE and PVS. PE was a significant contributor to the hydrophilic characteristics of PVES, with a two-tailed p-value of 0.000. The effect size was highly positive for hydrophilicity but showed high heterogeneity. It was also observed that the dimensional accuracy of PVES was comparable to those of PE and PVS, with no statistically significant differences among the three materials. Conclusions PVES showed promising features, with improved tensile strength and hydrophilic characteristics compared to those of PE and PVS.

Abstract Background This study aimed to determine the relative positioning accuracy of multiple implants utilizing four distinct types of splinting materials. Methods The purpose of this in-vitro study was to compare the precision of four splinting materials in an open tray impression technique in multiple implant situations. Based on the material used for splinting, four groups were made (n = 40)- Group A: Conventional Method, Group B: Prefabricated Pattern Resin Framework, Group C: Prefabricated Metal Framework, Group D: Light Cured Pattern Resin, these groups were compared with the master model. A heat-cured clear acrylic resin and a master model were constructed. A pilot milling machine drill was used to drill four parallel holes in the anterior and premolar regions, which were later labeled as A, B, C, and D positions from right to left. Then, sequential drilling was carried out, and four 3.75‑mm diameter and 13-mm long ADIN implant analogs with internal hex were placed in the acrylic model using a surveyor for proper orientation. The impression posts were then manually screwed to the implant analogs using an open tray, and they were secured to the implants using 10 mm flat head guide pins with a 15 N.cm torque. 10 Open tray polyether impressions were made, and casts were poured. Each splinting method’s distortion values were measured using a coordinate measuring machine capable of recordings in the X-, Y-, and Z-axes. Comparison of mean distances for X1, X2, and X3 was made using the Kruskal-Wallis test, and Pairwise comparison was done using Post Hoc Tukey’s Test. Results The differences between the groups were significant when assessing the distances X1, X2, and X3 (p 0.05). Conclusions All splinting materials produced master casts with measurements in close proximity to the reference model. However, prefabricated pattern resin bars splinting showed the highest accuracy among the studied techniques. The most recent splinting techniques using prefabricated metal framework and light-cure pattern resin showed similar accuracy.