Development and Evaluation of Content Validity and Acceptance of a Multidomain Intervention Module for Reversal of Cognitive Frailty Among Older Adults

Norhayati Mustafa Khalid,1 Pavapriya Ponvel,1 Azianah Mohamad Ibrahim,1 A’isyah Mohd Safien,1 Nurul Hidayah Md Fadzil,1 Devinder Kaur Ajit Singh,1 Arimi Fitri Mat Ludin,1 Norhayati Ibrahim,1 Ponnusamy Subramaniam,1 Hasnah Haron,1 Roslee Rajikan,1 Divya Vanoh,2 Suzana Shahar1 1Center for Healthy Aging and Wellness, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; 2Dietetics Programme, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, MalaysiaCorrespondence: Suzana Shahar, Center for Healthy Aging and Wellness, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur, 50300, Malaysia, Tel +60 392897163, Email suzana.shahar@ukm.edu.myPurpose: There is a limited availability of multidomain interventions that target cognitive frailty. Thus, the aim of the present study was to develop and evaluate the content validity and acceptance of the multidomain intervention module to reverse cognitive frailty among older adults (iAGELESS).Patients and Methods: This study was conducted in two phases: Phase I included the development of the multidomain intervention module iAGELESS and evaluation of content validity, while Phase II consisted of evaluating the acceptance of the module among 18 healthcare and social care providers, 13 older adults with cognitive frailty, and 13 caregivers. Content validity index (CVI) was used to quantify the content validity. Respondents completed a questionnaire which consisted of information on sociodemographic, followed by module acceptance evaluation with respect to content, terminologies, and graphics. The data was then analyzed descriptively.Results: A multidomain intervention module, iAGELESS was developed. The module was found to have appropriate content validity (overall CVI = 0.83). All the caregivers, 92% of older adults with cognitive frailty and 83% of healthcare and social care providers were satisfied with the overall content of the module. More than 50% of those who accepted the module had satisfactory consensus on the ease of the terminologies, length of sentences, pictures, information, color, and font size included in the module.Conclusion: The iAGELESS module demonstrated good content validity and was well accepted, thus warranting its utilization in future studies to determine its effectiveness in reversing cognitive frailty among older adults.Keywords: aging, cognitive frailty, multidomain intervention module, older adults, reversal