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Abstract Background Staphylococcus spp and Microsporum canis are zoonotic microorganisms which can cause infections and systemic diseases. The bone infection is usually caused by invasion of pathogen through the hematologic route. Mixed osteomyelitis caused by bacteria and fungi is rare, and to date, there have been no reports of mixed osteomyelitis with Staphylococcus spp. and Microsporum canis. Case presentation This essay reports an atypical presentation of mixed osteomyelitis (Staphylococcus spp. and Microsporum canis) in a domestic cat. A 15-month-old female Persian cat was presented to a veterinary service; the main complaint was the appearance of a nodule in the mandibular ventral rostral region. A radiographic exam performed on the animal showed proliferative and osteolytic bone lesions. The patient was submitted to a biopsy for histopathological evaluation, along with bacterial and fungal cultures. Results showed mixed osteomyelitis by Staphylococcus spp. and Microsporum canis. Microbial Sensitivity Test was performed to choose a more suitable treatment. Two surgical procedures were executed to resect and curette the lesion, and treatments with anti-inflammatory, antibiotic, and antifungal drugs were established, showing a positive clinical evolution. After 8 months of treatment, the patient’s owner moved to a different city, and the animal was seen by other veterinarians, who followed along with the same treatment. However, due to complications and a diminishing quality of life over 4 years of diagnosis, the patient was euthanized. Conclusion Given the above, mixed osteomyelitis is difficult to treat and can cause losses of life quality resulting death, especially in infections where M. canis is the agent causing the disease. Bacterial osteomyelitis is more frequently reported. But the lack of investigation of microorganisms other than bacteria, such as fungal cases, may imply in underdiagnosed cases. Treatment of osteomyelitis can be difficult considering the difficulties in isolating the pathological agent, resistance to the drug used, prolonged treatment time, and cost.

Controlled protein synthesis is required to regulate gene expression and is often carried out in a cell type-specific manner. Protein synthesis is commonly measured by labeling the nascent proteome with amino acid analogs or isotope-containing amino acids. These methods have been difficult to implement in vivo as they require lengthy amino acid replacement procedures. O-propargyl-puromycin (OPP) is a puromycin analog that incorporates into nascent polypeptide chains. Through its terminal alkyne, OPP can be conjugated to a fluorophore-azide for directly visualizing nascent protein synthesis, or to a biotin-azide for capture and identification of newly-synthesized proteins. To achieve cell type-specific OPP incorporation, we developed phenylacetyl-OPP (PhAc-OPP), a puromycin analog harboring an enzyme-labile blocking group that can be removed by penicillin G acylase (PGA). Here, we show that cell type-specific PGA expression in Drosophila can be used to achieve OPP labeling of newly-synthesized proteins in targeted cell populations within the brain. Following a brief 2 hr incubation of intact brains with PhAc-OPP, we observe robust imaging and affinity purification of OPP-labeled nascent proteins in PGA-targeted cell populations. We apply this method to show a pronounced age-related decline in neuronal protein synthesis in the fly brain, demonstrating the capability of PhAc-OPP to quantitatively capture in vivo protein synthesis states. This method, which we call POPPi (PGA-dependent OPP incorporation), should be applicable for rapidly visualizing protein synthesis and identifying nascent proteins synthesized under diverse physiological and pathological conditions with cellular specificity in vivo.

Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) mutations are the most common genetic cause of late-onset Parkinson's disease. The pathogenic G2019S mutation enhances LRRK2 kinase activity and induces neurodegeneration in C. elegans, Drosophila and rodent models through unclear mechanisms. Gene expression profiling has the potential to provide detailed insight into the biological pathways modulated by LRRK2 kinase activity. Prior in vivo studies have surveyed the effects of LRRK2 G2019S on genome-wide mRNA expression in complex brain tissues with high cellular heterogeneity, limiting their power to detect more restricted gene expression changes occurring in a cell type-specific manner. Here, we used translating ribosome affinity purification (TRAP) coupled to RNA-seq to profile dopamine neuron–specific gene expression changes caused by LRRK2 G2019S in the Drosophila CNS. A number of genes were differentially expressed in the presence of mutant LRRK2 that represent a broad range of molecular functions including DNA repair (RfC3), mRNA metabolism and translation (Ddx1 and lin-28), calcium homeostasis (MCU), and other categories (Ugt37c1, disp, l(1)G0196, CG6602, CG1126 and CG11068). Further analysis on a subset of these genes revealed that LRRK2 G2019S did not alter their expression across the whole brain, consistent with dopamine neuron–specific effects uncovered by the TRAP approach that may yield insight into the neurodegenerative process. To our knowledge, this is the first study to profile the effects of LRRK2 G2019S specifically on DA neuron gene expression in vivo. Beyond providing a set of differentially expressed gene candidates relevant to LRRK2, we demonstrate the effective use of TRAP to perform high-resolution assessment of dopamine neuron gene expression for the study of PD.

Classroom observation represents itself as an important element to teachers’ education. Within diff erent contexts, observation has been used to understand and refl ect on a classroom and on the role of the teacher and it has been adopted as a partial requirement on supervised practicum, continued teachers’ education programs, selfevaluation and others. In order to contribute to the understanding of this practice and to the education of future English language teachers for the global society, this article outlines the practice of observation that has been conducted in a group of students at York University, Glendon Campus, in Toronto. This group had taken D-TEIL program which aims at teaching English in an international context and during their undergraduation, they have been through steps that they would need to develop strategies to observe classrooms teachers and even themselves as student-teachers in Cuba. As in Kumaravadivelu (2012), it has been suggested that his macro-strategies function as an initial point of reference to give a special att ention to observation, and consequently to embed curriculum elements into the English language teachers’ education.

ABSTRACT: Gallus gallus domesticus’ immune system is a promising tool for generation of antibody-based immunobiologics. Immunoglobulin y (IgY) is extracted from egg yolk and has equivalent functions to mammal’s igg antibody. Avian immune system can be stimulated to produce a high-quality antibody repertoire. In this review, we present an overview of avian immune system emphasizing igy and its applications as an immunobiologic.

Background: Concerns regarding the persistence, bioaccumulation, long-range transport, and adverse health effects of polybrominated dipheyl ethers (PBDEs) have recently come to light. PBDEs may potentially be of concern to indigenous (First Nations) people of Canada who subsist on traditional foods, but there is a paucity of information on this topic. Objectives and methods: To investigate whether the traditional diet is a major source of PBDEs in sub-Arctic First Nations populations of the Hudson Bay Lowlands (James and Hudson Bay),Ontario, Canada, a variety of tissues from wild game and fish were analyzed for PBDE content (n=147) and dietary exposure assessed and compared to the US EPA reference doses (RfDs). In addition, to examine the effect of isolation/industrialization on PBDE body burdens, the blood plasma from three First Nations (Cree Nation of Oujé-Bougoumou, Quebec; Fort Albany First Nation, Ontario; and Weenusk First Nation [Peawanuck], Ontario, Canada) were collected (n=54) and analyzed using a log-linear contingency model. Results and conclusions: The mean values of PBDEs in wild meats and fish adjusted for standard consumption values and body weight, did not exceed the US EPA RfD. Log linear modeling of the human PBDE body burden showed that PBDE body burden increases as access to manufactured goods increases. Thus, household dust from material goods containing PBDEs is likely responsible for the human exposure; the traditional First Nations diet appears to be a minor source of PBDEs. Keywords: Polybrominated diphenyl ethers, PBDE, First Nations, Aboriginal, Diet, Subsistence

The present study describes a technique to obtain consecutiveluteal samples by colpotomy. The animals received an epidural anesthesia and local anesthesia (vaginal vault) and after ten minutes the vaginal vault was incised with a scalpel blade and tissue was dissected to provide access to the pelvic cavity and to retract the ovary into the vagina. Then, a luteal biopsy was performed with a Yomann biopsy nipper. Signs indicative of pain and stress during the vaginal vault incision, traction of ovary or luteal biopsy were observed only in two collections. However, these signs were observed in ten collections during dissection of the vaginal wall and peritoneum. The occurrence of ataxia was observed in 26 collections and it was usually related to a longer duration of the procedure. Ataxia could be divided in light (15/26), moderate (6/26) and severe (5/26). The occurrence of ovarian adhesions ipsilateral to the incision was evaluated only in the initial four collections. Adhesions were present in 16 collections. The protocol described above provided a safe and efficient method to acquire luteal samples. The low incidence of adhesions allows the consecutive use of females without any interference in subsequent ovulations and collections.

CNS repair by cell transplantation requires new neurons to integrate into complex recipient networks. We assessed how the migratory route of transplanted granule neurons and the developmental stage of the host rat cerebellum influence engraftment. In both embryonic and postnatal hosts, granule cells can enter the cerebellar cortex and achieve correct placement along their natural migratory pathway. Donor neurons can also reach the internal granular layer from the white matter and integrate following an unusual developmental pattern. Although the frequency of correct positioning declines in parallel with cortical development, in mature recipients correct homing is more frequent through the unusual path. Following depletion of granule cell precursors in the host, more granule neurons engraft, but their ability for achieving correct placement is unchanged. Therefore, while the cerebellar environment remains receptive for granule cells even after the end of development, their full integration is partially hindered by the mature cortical architecture.

The aim of the present study was to characterize the follicular dynamics during early pregnancy in Murrah heifers. Ten heifers were submitted to daily transrectal ultrasonographic examination, from the 18th to 60th day of pregnancy. Three animals presented follicular waves of 9.67?0.58 days in duration and the dominant and largest subordinate follicles measured, respectively, 11.9?1.3 mm and 7.0?1.0 mm. The growth plateau was 6.00?1.00 days in duration. The remaining seven heifers presented an irregular follicular development with three different patterns as follow: the first irregular observed pattern, characterized by waves of 7.91±1.68 days in duration, with the dominant follicle and the largest subordinated follicle reaching maximum diameter of 11.4±1.1 and 7.0±1.6 mm, respectively. The deviation on this pattern happened on day 3.57±0.53 and the plateau had an average duration of 4.67±1.37 days. The second irregular observed pattern presented waves lasting 6.44±1.81 days, with the dominant follicle and the largest subordinated follicle reaching maximum diameter of 9.0±0.6 and 6.8±0.4 mm, respectively. The deviation happened on day 4.00±1.41 after the wave detection. The third irregular pattern observed was characterized by periods of subsequent follicular growth without defined phases as described for the first and second patterns. In conclusion, from the 18th to 60th day of pregnancy, the follicular development is characterized by waves of different patterns in buffalo. Keywords Buffalo, Pregnancy, Ultrasound, Follicular Dynamic. O objetivo do presente estudo foi caracterizar a dinâmica folicular durante a gestação inicial em novilhas Murrah. Dez novilhas foram submetidas ao exame ultra-sonográfico transretal diário do 18º ao 60º dia de gestação. Três animais apresentaram ondas foliculares de 9,67?0,58 dias de duração, folículo dominante e maior subordinado com diâmetro de 11,9?1,3 mm e 7,0?1,0 mm, respectivamente, e platô com 6,00?1,00 dias de duração. As sete novilhas restantes apresentaram três padrões de crescimento folicular irregulares: o primeiro padrão irregular observado foi caracterizado por ondas de 7,91±1,68 dias de duração, folículo dominante e maior subordinado alcançando diâmetro máximo de 11,4±1,1 e 7,0±1,6 mm, respectivamente, desvio observado no dia 3,57±0,53 e fase de platô tendo uma duração média de 4,67±1,37 dias. No segundo padrão irregular observado as ondas foliculares apresentavam duração de 6,44±1,81 dias, com o folículo dominante e maior subordinado alcançando diâmetro de 9,0±0,6 e 6,8±0,4 mm, respectivamente, e com o desvio observado 4,00±1,41 dias após a detecção da onda. O terceiro padrão irregular observado foi caracterizado por períodos repetitivos de crescimento folicular sem a caracterização de fases definidas como descrito para o primeiro e segundo padrões. Em conclusão, do 18º ao 60º dia de gestação, o desenvolvimento folicular é caracterizado por ondas de diferentes padrões no búfalo. Palavras chave Búfalo, Prenhez, Ultrasom, Dinâmica folicular.

Vitamin D deficiency is a common issue, particularly in obese populations, and is tested by assessing serum 25(OH)D concentrations. This study aimed to identify factors that contribute to the vitamin D status in fifty morbidly obese individuals recruited prior to bariatric surgery. Data collected included serum 25(OH)D concentrations, dietary and supplement intake of vitamin D, sun exposure measures, skin colour via spectrophotometry, and genotype analysis of several single nucleotide polymorphisms in the vitamin D metabolism pathway. Results showed a significant correlation between serum 25(OH)D concentrations and age, and serum 25(OH)D and ITAC score (natural skin colour). Natural skin colour accounted for 13.5% of variation in serum 25(OH)D, with every 10° increase in ITAC score (i.e., lighter skin) leading to a 9 nmol/L decrease in serum 25(OH)D. Multiple linear regression using age, ITAC score, and average UV index in the three months prior to testing, significantly predicted serum 25(OH)D concentrations (R2 = 29.7%). Single nucleotide polymorphisms for all vitamin D genes tested, showed lower serum 25(OH)D for those with the rare genotype compared to the common genotype; this was most pronounced for fok1 and rs4588, where those with the rare genotype were insufficient (

BACKGROUND: Treatment regimens for active tuberculosis (TB) that are intermittent, or use rifampin during only the initial phase, offer practical advantages, but their efficacy has been questioned. We conducted a systematic review of treatment regimens for active TB, to assess the effect of duration and intermittency of rifampin use on TB treatment outcomes. METHODS AND FINDINGS: PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane CENTRAL database for clinical trials were searched for randomized controlled trials, published in English, French, or Spanish, between 1965 and June 2008. Selected studies utilized standardized treatment with rifampin-containing regimens. Studies reported bacteriologically confirmed failure and/or relapse in previously untreated patients with bacteriologically confirmed pulmonary TB. Pooled cumulative incidences of treatment outcomes and association with risk factors were computed with stratified random effects meta-analyses. Meta-regression was performed using a negative binomial regression model. A total of 57 trials with 312 arms and 21,472 participants were included in the analysis. Regimens utilizing rifampin only for the first 1-2 mo had significantly higher rates of failure, relapse, and acquired drug resistance, as compared to regimens that used rifampin for 6 mo. This was particularly evident when there was initial drug resistance to isoniazid, streptomycin, or both. On the other hand, there was little evidence of difference in failure or relapse with daily or intermittent schedules of treatment administration, although there was insufficient published evidence of the efficacy of twice-weekly rifampin administration throughout therapy. CONCLUSIONS: TB treatment outcomes were significantly worse with shorter duration of rifampin, or with initial drug resistance to isoniazid and/or streptomycin. Treatment outcomes were similar with all intermittent schedules evaluated, but there is insufficient evidence to support administration of treatment twice weekly throughout therapy.

O objetivo do presente estudo foi caracterizar a dinâmica folicular durante a gestação inicial em novilhas Murrah. Dez novilhas foram submetidas ao exame ultra-sonográfico transretal diário do 18º ao 60º dia de gestação. Três animais apresentaram ondas foliculares de 9,67?0,58 dias de duração, folículo dominante e maior subordinado com diâmetro de 11,9?1,3 mm e 7,0?1,0 mm, respectivamente, e platô com 6,00?1,00 dias de duração. As sete novilhas restantes apresentaram três padrões de crescimento folicular irregulares: o primeiro padrão irregular observado foi caracterizado por ondas de 7,91±1,68 dias de duração, folículo dominante e maior subordinado alcançando diâmetro máximo de 11,4±1,1 e 7,0±1,6 mm, respectivamente, desvio observado no dia 3,57±0,53 e fase de platô tendo uma duração média de 4,67±1,37 dias. No segundo padrão irregular observado as ondas foliculares apresentavam duração de 6,44±1,81 dias, com o folículo dominante e maior subordinado alcançando diâmetro de 9,0±0,6 e 6,8±0,4 mm, respectivamente, e com o desvio observado 4,00±1,41 dias após a detecção da onda. O terceiro padrão irregular observado foi caracterizado por períodos repetitivos de crescimento folicular sem a caracterização de fases definidas como descrito para o primeiro e segundo padrões. Em conclusão, do 18º ao 60º dia de gestação, o desenvolvimento folicular é caracterizado por ondas de diferentes padrões no búfalo. Palavras chave Búfalo, Prenhez, Ultrasom, Dinâmica folicular.

In an electron storage ring, the interaction between a single-bunch beam and a vacuum chamber impedance affects the beam parameters, which can be measured rather precisely. So we can develop beam-based numerical models of longitudinal and transverse impedances. At the Diamond Light Source (DLS) to get the model parameters, a set of measured data has been used including current-dependent shift of betatron tunes and synchronous phase, chromatic damping rates, and bunch lengthening. A matlab code for multiparticle tracking has been developed. The tracking results and analytical estimations are quite consistent with the measured data. Since Diamond has the shortest natural bunch length among all light sources in standard operation, the studies of collective effects with short bunches are relevant to many facilities including next generation of light sources.

Kaže, da - ko so odnosi med državo in njeno populacijo v krizi - postane državljanstvo sredstvo za pogovor in razmišljanje o tem. Eden od načinov, kako ustvariti razmere, v katerih bo vseživljen]sko učenje gibalo aktivnega državljanstva, je, da razširite v diskurz političnega programa (Martin, 1999). Diskurz po Edwardsu in Usherju (1994) "določa, kaj se lahko reče, kar pa v bistvu izhaja iz tega, kaj se ne sme reči, kaj je nepomembno, kaj je treba zamolčati in kaj docela pozabiti". Njegov pomen je v tem, da skušamo z njim razrahljati diskurzivne "plašnice" in z njim razširimo svoje vidno polje. Kaj pomeni pravzaprav razširiti diskurz? Za lažje razumevanje bom predstavil delo skupine, katere član sem bil tudi sam.

Kljub zelo razsežni viziji, na primer v Delorsovem poročilu iz leta 1996 Učenje: zaklad v sebi (Delors, 1996) in Fryerjevem poročilu Učenje za enaindvajseto stoletje (Fryer, 1997), so razprave o državljanstvu, ki diskretno obveščajo tudi politično sfero o vseživljenjskem učenju, zasnovane preozko in preveč poenostavljeno, da bi jim uspelo zaobjeti pojem aktivnega državljanstva. Ekonomija "thatcherizma" (zaradi katere še Marxa doživljamo pozitivno) ostaja v Veliki Britaniji nesporna- a tudi precej neopažena. Postala je nekakšna vodilna usmeritev v tem pogledu, da jo doživljamo kot izraz razumnosti oziroma zdravega razuma: delujemo znotraj "diskurzivnih plašnic" in se pri tem vse manj zavedamo, kako nam te zmanjšujejo sposobnost izražanja našega potenciala in odkrivanja možnosti pri delu. Končno smo pri tem, da previdno taktiziramo z lastnimi pogledi in stališči.

Third generation synchrotron light sources are characterized by a low emittance and a low emittance coupling. Some light sources are already operating with extremely low coupling close to 0.1%. Measurement of the transverse beam size is generally used to measure the emittance and the coupling. To this end, several systems are currently used and an x-ray pinhole camera is one of them. In this paper we derive the point spread function of the x-ray pinhole camera both analytically and numerically using the Fresnel diffraction integral and taking into account the broadband spectrum of the bending magnet source, and we show that an optimized design allows the measurement of extremely small vertical beam sizes below 5 μm. The point spread function of several scintillator screens is also measured, and it shows that the contribution of the diffraction and the screen point spread functions have to be taken into account for an accurate measurement of a low coupling. Finally, we show measurements of the vertical beam sizes as small as 6 μm for our nonoptimized setup.

A viabilidade e maturidade fetais podem ser estimadas através da avaliação dos fluídos fetais em muitas espécies, no entanto a composição bioquímica do líquido amniótico durante a gestação ainda não está bem definida para a espécie equina. O objetivo deste estudo foi estabelecer e comparar o perfil bioquímico do liquido amniótico em diferentes momentos da gestação e no momento do parto para um melhor entendimento da fisiologia da gestação de equinos. Foram avaliados valores encontrados para pH, osmolaridade, glicose, uréia, creatinina, gamma-GT, sódio, potássio, cloretos e proteína total no liquido amniótico colhido de 122 éguas comparando-se os resultados encontrados entre as colheitas em terço inicial (TI), médio (TM) e final (TF) da gestação e no momento do parto (MP). As amostras colhidas nos períodos gestacionais foram realizadas em frigoríficos abatedouros. As idades gestacionais (IG), em dias, foram definidas através de fórmula de regressão sugerida por Naves et al. (2008), utilizando-se a mensuração crânio-caudal dos fetos. Devido a presença de graus variados de assimetria e desvios de um padrão Gaussiano de distribuição, o teste de Kruskal-Wallis foi usado para comparar a mediana de cada variável-resposta entre os grupos de estudo. Quando houve evidência significante de que pelo menos uma das medianas era diferente das outras, o teste de Wilcoxon foi usado para realizar comparações múltiplas entre os grupos. O método de Bonferroni foi usado para ajustar o valor-P resultante das comparações múltiplas. A análise estatística foi realizada com o procedimento PROC NPAR1WAY e significância estatística foi definida como p

Internalized homophobia is a major force in the lives of queer people as it correlates with a multitude of psychosocial variables including anxiety, depression, and suicidal ideation. Yet, there is a paucity of research examining the stories and lived experiences of queer people traversing this insidious force or the growth that occurs after confronting it. We assert this gap in the literature can be addressed by using a growth-focused narrative methodology known as Bildungsroman (story of formation and growth). Using a singular narrative, we present a Bildungsroman and discuss the implications of how this narrative can be used for better understanding internalized homophobia and its impact on queer youth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]