Search

Актуальность исследования обусловлена прогрессирующим дефицитом управленческих кадров в отрасли информационных технологий России. Проведённое научное исследование, результаты которого отражены в данной статье, направлено на изучение, анализ и систематизацию опыта профессиональной трансформации руководителей из исполнителей в рамках отрасли информационных технологий в России. При проведении научного исследования были использованы эмпирические методы познания (наблюдение, сравнение, измерение) для получения эмпирических данных и теоретические методы познания (анализ и синтез, индукция и дедукция, обобщение и абстрагирование, классификация) для подготовки теоретической и методологической основы исследования и для осмысления и обработки полученных эмпирических данных. Согласно результатам проведенного научного исследования, при переходе на руководящую должность в рамках отрасли информационных технологий в России, наиболее острыми проблемами, с которыми сложнее всего справиться, являются стресс, непонимание руководителем своих полномочий и их границ, проблемы с личной эффективностью и синдром «самозванца». Также по результатам исследования были выявлены наиболее эффективные варианты минимизации проблем при переходе на руководящую должность в рамках отрасли информационных технологий в России, это работа с наставников и наличие заранее определенного плана перехода на руководящую должность. Любопытный факт, выявленный в результате проведенного исследования, заключается в том, что только 26 сотрудников имеют специальное образование в сфере менеджмента при профессиональной трансформации из исполнителей в руководителей и около 33 восполняют его недостаток уже после перехода на руководящую должность. Одновременно с этим, 42 опрошенных сотрудников указывают на отсутствие специальных знаний в сфере менеджмента как на проблему при профессиональной трансформации из исполнителей в руководителей и 45 опрошенных сотрудников заявляют, что обучение до момента начала профессиональной деятельности в роли руководителя смогло бы минимизировать наличие проблем при осуществлении деятельности на позиции руководителя.Материалы статьи могут быть использованы для устранения кадрового дефицита менеджеров в отрасли информационных технологий в России., The relevance of the study is due to the progressive shortage of managerial personnel in the information technology industry of Russia. The conducted scientific research, the results of which are reflected in this article, is aimed at studying, analyzing, and systematizing the experience of professional transformation of managers from performers within the information technology industry in Russia. During the scientific research, empirical methods of cognition (observation, comparison, measurement) were used to obtain empirical data and theoretical methods of cognition (analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, generalization and abstraction, classification) to prepare the theoretical and methodological basis of research and to comprehend and process the empirical data obtained. According to the results of the conducted scientific research, when moving to a managerial position within the information technology industry in Russia, the most acute problems that are most difficult to cope with are stress, misunderstanding by the head of his powers and their boundaries, problems with personal effectiveness and the "impostor" syndrome. Also, according to the results of the study, the most effective options for minimizing problems during the transition to a managerial position within the information technology industry in Russia were identified, these are working with mentors and having a predetermined plan for the transition to a managerial position. A curious fact revealed as a result of the conducted research is that only 26 of employees have special education in the field of management during the professional transformation from an executive to a manager within the information technology industry in Russia and about 33 make up for its lack after the transition to a managerial position. At the same time, 42 of the surveyed employees point to the lack of specialist knowledge in the field of management as a problem during the professional transformation from an executive to a manager, and 45 of the surveyed employees state that training before the start of professional activity in the role of a manager would be able to minimize the presence of problems in the implementation of activities in the position of a manager. The materials of the article can be used to eliminate the personnel shortage of managers in the information technology industry in Russia., Вестник МИРБИС, Выпуск 2 (30) 2022, Pages 140-149

Цифровая зрелость регионов отражает уровень достижения компаниями и некоммерческими организациями определенного масштаба внедрения современных информационных и компьютерных технологий, которые поддерживают их операционную и стратегическую деятельность, а в некоторых случаях становятся основой для создания потребительской ценности. Целью данной статьи является проведение кластерного анализа российских регионов для выявления уровня зрелости в зависимости от основных показателей внедрения новых технологий и широкополосного Интернета. В результате исследования было выделено три ключевых кластера – «отстающие» регионы, регионы с догоняющим развитием и регионы-пионеры цифровизации. Значительное количество промышленно развитых регионов относится к числу передовых, в основном такие регионы сконцентрированы в Западной и Центральной частях России. Все выделенные кластеры характеризуются различным уровнем зрелости и инвестиционной активности в области новых технологий. Для каждого из кластеров были предложены методические рекомендации по совершенствованию политики поддержание цифровой трансформации в компаниях. The digital maturity of the regions reflects the level of achievement by companies and non-profit organizations of a certain scale of implementation of modern information and computer technologies that support their operational and strategic activities, and in some cases become the basis for creating customer value. The purpose of this article is to conduct a cluster analysis of Russian regions to identify the level of maturity depending on the main indicators of the introduction of new technologies and broadband Internet. As a result of the study, three key clusters were identified - “lagging” regions, regions with catching up development and digitalization pioneer regions. A significant number of industrialized regions are among the advanced ones, mainly such regions are concentrated in the Western and Central parts of Russia. All identified clusters are characterized by different levels of maturity and investment activity in the field of new technologies. For each of the clusters, methodological recommendations were proposed to improve the policy of supporting digital transformation in companies.

The given article says about the process of IT development of education. Nowadays the said process becomes the most important factor of the extension of the practice of the implementation of innovative technologies in the educational process. The authors of the article gave the detailed definition of the pedagogic test. The article contains requirements for pedagogic tests and its main characteristics, expressed by such indices as reliability, validity and efficiency, as well as discloses its essence and provides formulas for its calculation. The opinion was made that in terms of the application of module educational technologies the testing becomes one of effective forms of the control of students’ knowledge level.

Highlights • Nixtamalized maize from Mexico showed a high percentage of left censoring for AFB1. • Four samples above the limit of detection, albeit still below the regulatory limit. • Risk assessment reveals public health concern and a priority for risk management. • AFB1 exposure and risks mainly originate from the high consumption of this cereal., Maize is a staple food in Mexico that might contain Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). Nonetheless, data on the exposure and risk assessment of AFB1 from maize for the Mexican population are limited. The aim of the present study was to analyse the occurrence of AFB1 in Mexican nixtamalized maize samples, and to assess the accompanying exposure and risk. Four out of 88 samples contained AFB1 at levels above the limit of detection (1 ng/g). AFB1 occurrence values obtained in this study and additional occurrence values from literature were combined with available literature data for mean and P95 consumption of maize based products. For a 70 kg body weight person, lower bound and upper bound exposure assessments resulted in estimated daily intakes (EDI) of 0.7–8.5 ng/kg bw/day, based on a mean maize consumption. Based on the P95 maize consumption these EDI values amounted to 3.3–11.7 ng/kg bw/day. The corresponding Margin of Exposure (MOE) values amounted to 257-20 for the mean and 50-15 for the P95 consumers. The estimated increased cancer risks were 9-320 and 43-439 cases/106 individuals/lifetime of 75 years for the mean and P95 consumers, respectively. Altogether, the assessment reveals the need for continued risk management of AFB1 in Mexico.

The present study aimed at incorporating active renal excretion via the organic cation transporter 2 (OCT2) into a generic rat physiologically based kinetic (PBK) model using an in vitro human renal proximal tubular epithelial cell line (SA7K) and mepiquat chloride (MQ) as the model compound. The Vmax (10.5 pmol/min/mg protein) and Km (20.6 μM) of OCT2 transport of MQ were determined by concentration-dependent uptake in SA7K cells using doxepin as inhibitor. PBK model predictions incorporating these values in the PBK model were 6.7-8.4-fold different from the reported in vivo data on the blood concentration of MQ in rat. Applying an overall scaling factor that also corrects for potential differences in OCT2 activity in the SA7K cells and in vivo kidney cortex and species differences resulted in adequate predictions for in vivo kinetics of MQ in rat (2.3-3.2-fold). The results indicate that using SA7K cells to define PBK parameters for active renal OCT2 mediated excretion with adequate scaling enables incorporation of renal excretion via the OCT2 transporter in PBK modelling to predict in vivo kinetics of mepiquat in rat. This study demonstrates a proof-of-principle on how to include active renal excretion into generic PBK models.

This article is aimed to uncover the opportunity to increase company's efficiency improvement using agile methodologies for managing IT projects. Transforming a company's organizational culture and ways of doing business is an important step in the overall digital transformation process. This makes the choice of the topic of the article relevant. Successful digital transformation of the company increases the efficiency of its operations. Rapidly changing IT services' market require flexibility and fast reaction from the companies, which are involved in IT services production. Vary of agile methodologies allow to be aligned with modern market conditions. The object of the study was the LLC "T-systems"one of the world's leading IT service providers and suppliers of digital services. Taking into account companies' size several agile scaling methodologies, such as Large Scale Scrum (LeSS), Scaled Agile Framework (SAFe) and Nexus, were reviewed and compared to choose appropriate one for the company's specifics. To reach the expected result and start to work on chosen methodology, transition plan was developed using example of one of the company's development areas. In each transformation it is important to measure its success. For that the Evidence-Based Management (EBM) approach was applied to build key indicators system for success measurement toward transformation goals.

General ontology is a prominent theoretical foundation for information technology analysis, design, and development. Ontology is a branch of philosophy which studies what exists in reality. A widely used ontology in information systems, especially for conceptual modeling, is the BWW (Bunge–Wand–Weber), which is based on ideas of the philosopher and physicist Mario Bunge, as synthesized by Wand and Weber. The ontology was founded on an early subset of Bunge’s philosophy; however, many of Bunge’s ideas have evolved since then. An important question, therefore, is: do the more recent ideas expressed by Bunge call for a new ontology? In this paper, we conduct an analysis of Bunge’s earlier and more recent works to address this question. We present a new ontology based on Bunge’s later and broader works, which we refer to as Bunge’s Systemist Ontology (BSO). We then compare BSO to the constructs of BWW. The comparison reveals both considerable overlap between BSO and BWW, as well as substantial differences. From this comparison and the initial exposition of BSO, we provide suggestions for further ontology studies and identify research questions that could provide a fruitful agenda for future scholarship in conceptual modeling and other areas of information technology.

В данной статье рассказывается о процессе информатизации сферы образования. Сегодня данный широкомасштабный процесс становится важнейшим фактором расширения практики внедрения инновационных технологий в образовательный процесс. Авторы статьи уточнили определение педагогического теста. В статье представлены состав требований к педагогическим тестам и их основные характеристики, выражающиеся через показатели надёжности, валидности и эффективности, а также раскрыта их сущность и приведены формулы для их расчета. Сделан вывод о том, что в условиях применения модульных образовательных технологий тестирование становится одной из эффективных форм контроля уровня знаний обучаемых., The given article says about the process of IT development of education. Nowadays the said process becomes the most important factor of the extension of the practice of the implementation of innovative technologies in the educational process. The authors of the article gave the detailed definition of the pedagogic test. The article contains requirements for pedagogic tests and its main characteristics, expressed by such indices as reliability, validity and efficiency, as well as discloses its essence and provides formulas for its calculation. The opinion was made that in terms of the application of module educational technologies the testing becomes one of effective forms of the control of students’ knowledge level., Ку статьяра вěренӳ талккăшне информацилесси çинчен каланă. Çакă хальхи вăхăтра вěренěве информаци технологийěсене кěртессипе нумай енлě ěçленине кăтартакан кěрет паллă пулса тăрать. Статья авторěсем педагогика тесчě тенине епле ăнланмаллине уçăмлатнă. Статьяра педагогика тесчěсем мěнле пулмаллине кăтартакан услови пуххине илсе панă тата вěсен уйрăмлăхěсене ăнлантарнă. Уйрăмлăхсене шанчăклăх, валидность, витěмлěх енчен хакланă тата вěсен содержанине ăнлантарнă, мěнлерех калăпламалли расчет формулисене панă. Вěренӳре модуль технологийěсемпе уса курнă май тестировани вěренекенсен пěлӳ шайне тěрěслемелли чи витěмлě форма пулса тăрать тесе пěтěмлетӳ тунă.

Ethnopharmacological relevance: Maerua subcordata (Gilg) DeWolf is a medicinal and wild food plant growing mainly in east Africa. Especially its root tuber is widely used in traditional medicine to treat several infectious and chronic diseases but also in some toxicity implications like use as abortifacient. Aim of the study: the present study applied in silico and in vitro tests to identify possible hazards of M. subcordata (fruit, leaf, root, seed) methanol extracts focussing on developmental toxicity. Materials and methods: Ames test, estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) assay, aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) assay, embryonic stem cell test (EST), and zebrafish embryotoxicity test (ZET) were employed. Besides, a Derek Nexus toxicity prediction was performed on candidate structures obtained from metabolomics profiling of the extracts using liquid chromatography coupled to multistage mass spectroscopy (LC/MSn) and a MAGMa software based structural annotation. Results: Glucosinolates, which degrade to isothiocyanates, and biogenic amines were among the candidate molecules identified in the extracts by LC/MSn - MAGMa software structural annotation. Isothiocyanates and some other candidate molecules suggested a positive mutagenicity alert in Derek toxicity predictions. All the extracts showed negative mutagenicity in the Ames test. However, the Derek predictions also identified endocrine and developmental toxicity as possible endpoints of concern. This was further assessed using in vitro tests. Results obtained reveal that leaf extract shows AhR and ERα agonist activities, inhibited differentiation of ES-D3 stem cells into contracting cardiomyocytes in the EST (p < 0.001) as well as inhibited hatching (p < 0.01) and showed acute toxicity (p < 0.01) in the ZET. Also, the fruit extract showed toxicity (p < 0.05) towards zebrafish embryos and both fruit and seed extracts showed AhR agonist activities while root extract was devoid of activity in all in vitro assays. Conclusion: The leaf extract tests positive in in vitro tests that may point towards a developmental toxicity hazard. The current evaluations did not raise concerns of genotoxicity or developmental toxicity for the fruit, seed and root extracts. This is important given the use of especially these parts of M. subcordata, in traditional medicine and/or as (famine) food.

Hvis almindelige mennesker skal omfavne robotteknologien, skal it-industrien først og fremmest bevise, at man kan stole på robotterne - og ingeniørerne, der har udviklet dem.

The article includes the description of the current development of the Internet of Things (IoT) in Poland with special consideration of the society’s awareness of the IoT. In the recent years, the Internet of Things has been gaining an increasing number of supporters. The interest in this topic of many corporations from the discipline of IT and state-of-the-art technologies is especially important in this scope. The market observation in the recent years has shown that the IoT may become a widespread technology in many homes, which is why it is important to build awareness of the IoT among the Poles. The conducted survey studies were aimed at verifying the current state of the Polish society’s knowledge about the IoT, which is presented in this article. The article also includes the description of possible future implementations of the IoT and characterisation of the correlation between the IoT and other rapidly developing technologies.

This paper focuses on evaluation in Participatory Design (PD), and especially upon how the central aims of mutual learning, empowerment, democracy and workplace quality have been assessed. We surveyed all Participatory Design Conference papers (1990-2014) and papers from special journal issues on PD, focusing on systematic, explicit evaluations. The survey resulted in 143 papers of which 66 were deemed relevant. Of these, 17 papers deal with evaluation of the above mentioned aims. Based on evaluation theory, we propose seven key questions through which to characterize evaluations in PD and analyze the 17 papers. Our analysis reveals that formal evaluations of PD's aims are rare; generally lack details on methods; are researcher- and not participant-led, and that a corpus of work around evaluations needs to be developed. We suggest more explicit, systematic evaluations of PD's central aims to enhance accountability, learning and knowledge building, and to strengthen PD internally and externally.

There is nothing in this world that do not change unless the change itself. Almost every aspect of the world, particularly the world of IT, can changed. In project management software, for instance, people have to work on software that frequently subject to change. That is why the greatest challenge faced by the company within today's competitive world is how to deal with those changes. In relation with the previous explanation, the objective of this research is to standardize project management in software development by using change management. Objective will finally help project developer to ensure that the management of project has a need of standardization that essential for reflecting the current business needs. To achieve the objectives, this research will also attempt to show why does the standardization using the change management is essential task, which is almost inevitable. This research directed for discussing about the management of change as a common way to reduce risks, costs and maximizing the benefit from major changes in business and information technology. The result showed that the project can determined as success because it delivered on time, on budged and have a standardized quality. Tidak ada di dunia ini yang tidak berubah kecuali perubahan itu sendiri. Hampir setiap aspek dunia, khususnya dunia IT, dapat berubah. Dalam perangkat lunak manajemen proyek, misalnya, orang harus bekerja pada perangkat lunak yang sering mengalami perubahan. Itu sebabnya tantangan terbesar yang dihadapi perusahaan dalam dunia yang kompetitif saat ini adalah bagaimana menghadapi perubahan tersebut. Sehubungan dengan penjelasan sebelumnya, tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk standarisasi manajemen proyek dalam pengembangan perangkat lunak dengan menggunakan manajemen perubahan. Tujuan akhirnya akan membantu pengembang proyek untuk memastikan bahwa manajemen proyek memiliki kebutuhan standarisasi yang penting untuk mencerminkan kebutuhan bisnis saat ini. Untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut, penelitian ini juga akan mencoba menunjukkan mengapa standarisasi menggunakan manajemen perubahan adalah tugas penting yang tidak dapat dihindari. Penelitian ini diarahkan untuk membahas tentang manajemen perubahan sebagai cara umum untuk mengurangi risiko, biaya dan memaksimalkan manfaat dari perubahan besar dalam bisnis teknologi dan informasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa proyek tersebut dapat dinyatakan sukses karena disampaikan tepat waktu, sesuai budget dan memiliki kualitas standar.

Over the last couple of decades, the modernization of the health sector has been supported by significant investments in IT. Notwithstanding, the results have been often relatively discouraging when compared to other sectors such as banking and insurance. As a consequence, the IT-driven modernization literature on the health sector mostly concentrates on the causes of those failures, neglecting therefore the positive experiences. Following the AoM Health Management Track 2008 call for the need of dissemination of best experiences in the health sector, this paper focuses on the IT-driven modernization process of an Italian nursing home. Based on qualitative research methods, our aim is to identify what are the elements of a designing approach of an IT-tool meant to enhance a process of modernization in a health care organization. Our results show that a patient-centered, user-friendly, bottomup designed and results-driven tool is more likely to be beneficial for the patients and the users and therefore, for the organization at large. This study contributes to the extant literature on health care management providing the alternative view that, if the tool is designed around and for the individuals (patients and users), then it will produce positive results for the organization. In other words, who dares to care, will perform.

The article introduces the authors’ estimation method for measuring the current level of information technologies in companies by four aspects (hardware, software, IT services, and telecommunication equipment) using the proposed original indicators. On the example of 50 sample Russian industrial companies the authors have built and tested an econometric model, which allows to measure how IT costs are affected by such factors as: the current level of IT development, net profit value, number of employees, general wages, salaries of IT specialists, percentage of qualified workers.

Factors such as the rapid development of the Web and the onset of the open source software movement have led to renewed IT development activities within higher education. However the deployment of e-learning and related networked applications is often reliant on the support of an institution's IT services department. There is a danger that development work, including development funded by national and international funding programmes, can be hindered by institutional IT services departments. However IT services may feel that developers fail to understand the security, performance and support issues which deployment of applications is likely to entail. This paper provides case studies which illustrate successful efforts at bridging this divide. The paper concludes by arguing for greater common understanding and by describing an emerging framework which can help facilitate the deployment process.

Increasingly, information systems must be developed and implemented as a part of business change. This is a challenge for the IS project manager, since business change and information systems development usually are performed as separate processes. Thus, there is a need to understand and manage the relationship between these two kinds of processes. To understand the interaction between information systems development and planned organisational change we introduce the concept of process interaction. We draw on a longitudinal case study of an IS development project that used an iterative and incremental development approach. The concept of process interaction enabled us to understand critical events in the case, in particular those that were important for the mutual adaptation between the information system and the organisation. We conclude that process interaction is needed to facilitate socio-technical innovation in a situation where the organisational change process and the IS development process are parallel but incongruent. We also argue that iterative software engineering frameworks are well structured to support process interaction. Finally, we advocate that the IS project manager needs to manage the trade-off between necessary process interaction and the internal IS project schedule.

This paper uses Revans’ theory of action learning to understand cases of collective IT development and implementation projects within a multi-national company. It means having to deal with an international project, cultural differences, diflerences in levels of knowledge and differences in the organizational structure. In action learning, the discussions take the form of reciprocal teaching and group problem-solving situations, trying to reach consensus concerning meaning, relevance and importance of certain aspects, questioning, evaluating and criticising each other, thereby pushing for higher levels of understanding, satisfactory explanations and clarifications. What is most important is that the group members help each other to understand, thereby overcoming the differences in knowledge within the group. This is an ongoing process partly because some group members left and others took their place.

Nowadays, in the current economic competition, information is the key of success. A company needs to be continuously well informed about its environment in order to have a high innovating activity and to stay competitive. This thesis explains the thinking process which is followed in order to design and develop a software to help the elaboration of Research & Development programs. First we show industry needs in scientific and technical information. Then, we study structures and methods which must be apply to manage this information in the best possible way. Technology monitoring must allow to elaborate tendancy indicators to help decision makers to diagnose the standing of scientific and technical activities. The suggested software tool is based on an automatic treatment of published information : the bibliometrics. After the review of the various bibliometrics methods and a critical analysis of their applications in strategic management of technology, we define a new method and a new tool which fits with the creation of indicators in technological management. The performance of this software results from its capacity to use various data formats, to treat these data easily and to give multiple bibliometric statistical results., Dans la compétition économique actuelle l’information est une composante essentielle de la réussite. Il est vital pour l’entreprise d’être constamment informée sur son environnement. Pour qu’une société soit compétitive elle doit faire preuve d’une forte activité innovatrice. Ce mémoire expose la réflexion menée pour concevoir et développer un logiciel d’aide à l’élaboration des stratégies des programmes en Recherche et Développement. Le premier volet traite du besoin en information scientifique et technique des entreprises, les structures et les principes à mettre en place pour une gestion efficace de cette information. Le système de Veille Technologique préconisé doit permettre l’élaboration d’indicateurs de tendances qui aideront les décideurs à diagnostiquer l’état des activités scientifiques et techniques. L’outil informatique proposé repose sur une technique de traitement automatique de l’information publiée : la bibliométrie. Après un état de l’art des méthodes bibliométriques et une analyse critique de leurs applications à la Veille Technologique, on définit un nouvel outil plus adapté à l’élaboration d’indicateurs en Veille Technologique. Ce logiciel et ses multiples traitements sont présentés ainsi que des cas pratiques d’exploitations de bases de données accessibles en ligne. La performance de cet outil repose sur ses capacités à intégrer la diversité des sources d’information, à manipuler avec souplesse les données textuelles et à livrer de multiples résultats statistiques en bibliométrie.