1. Romania Climate Change and Low Carbon Green Growth Program
- Author
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World Bank
- Subjects
CARBON TRADING ,RAILWAYS ,CONSUMPTION PATTERNS ,ROAD ,TRIPS ,ABSORPTION ,CARS ,ELECTRICITY PRICES ,EMISSIONS ,RENEWABLE ENERGY ,INCOME ,CLIMATE-CHANGE ,NEGATIVE IMPACTS ,AIR TEMPERATURE ,NOX ,COMMUNITY GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS ,DEGRADED AREAS ,RAILWAY ,TOTAL EMISSIONS ,PIERS ,TRANSPORT SECTOR ,EUTROPHICATION ,HEAT PRODUCTION ,FUGITIVE EMISSIONS ,LAKES ,CAR USE ,FINANCIAL MARKETS ,NATURAL GAS PRICES ,BOILERS ,CARBONIZATION ,EMISSIONS LEVELS ,SUSTAINABLE FOREST MANAGEMENT ,FOREST MANAGEMENT ,GLACIERS ,METHANE EMISSIONS ,GLOBAL WARMING ,LOW-CARBON ,EMISSION FACTORS ,FUEL CONSUMPTION ,TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE ,OZONE ,RAIL ,RAIL PASSENGERS ,GHGS ,MONTREAL PROTOCOL ,GREENHOUSE GAS INVENTORY ,DEMAND FOR ELECTRICITY ,AIRPORTS ,GREENHOUSE GASES EMISSIONS ,TRAVEL MODE ,RUNWAYS ,ANTHROPOGENIC EMISSIONS ,AUTOMOBILE ,GREENHOUSE ,ORGANIC WASTE ,VEHICLE OWNERSHIP ,ENERGY MIX ,CLIMATE CHANGE ,SUSTAINABLE FOREST ,ANTHROPOGENIC GREENHOUSE ,BIOMASS ,CARBON ,RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES ,FOREST OWNERS ,FOREST SYSTEMS ,METHANE ,ELECTRICITY GENERATION ,FORESTS ,FERTILISER ,ROADS ,ENERGY CONSUMPTION ,GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSION REDUCTION ,TEMPERATURE ,DROUGHT ,AIR ,N2O ,EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENTS ,CLIMATE PROTECTION ,FOREST ,TRANSPORT EMISSIONS ,CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSIONS ,REGULATORY FRAMEWORK ,CO ,MINISTRY OF TRANSPORT ,GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSION ,EXCHANGE RATE ,PRECIPITATION ,DEGRADED LANDS ,RAILWAY SYSTEM ,CO2 ,INCOME HOUSEHOLDS ,PUBLIC TRANSPORT ,FRAMEWORK CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE ,FUELS ,RETROFITTING ,OCEANS ,SO2 ,GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSION REDUCTIONS ,DOMESTIC TRANSPORT ,TRANSPORT INVESTMENT ,ENVIRONMENTAL COSTS ,EMISSION REDUCTION COMMITMENTS ,CAPITAL SUBSIDIES ,FREIGHT ,RAIL FREIGHT ,FLOODS ,TRANSPORT STATISTICS ,AIR QUALITY ,TRANSPORT ,TRANSPORTATION ,ALLOWANCE TRADING ,CLIMATE ,TRANSPORTATION PROFESSIONALS ,PUBLIC TRANSPORT PATRONAGE ,TRAFFIC CONGESTION ,ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION ,REDUCTION IN EMISSIONS ,GENERATION MIX ,GHG ,MARKET ECONOMY ,GAS CONSUMPTION ,SANITARY LANDFILLS ,TRAFFIC LEVELS ,ROAD TRANSPORT ,FUEL COSTS ,INLAND WATERWAYS ,CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION ,DRAINAGE ,GLOBAL EMISSIONS ,TAX ,FREE MARKET ,ECONOMIC GROWTH ,GASES ,GREENHOUSE GAS REDUCTIONS ,EMISSION ALLOWANCES ,INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL SUPPORT ,EMISSION TRENDS ,EXTREME WEATHER ,FINANCIAL SECTOR ,LAND USE ,RAINFALL ,LANDFILLS ,EXOTIC SPECIES ,VEHICLE ,EMISSIONS REDUCTION ,DENITRIFICATION ,ANTHROPOGENIC GREENHOUSE GAS ,CAR ,OZONE LAYER ,TRANSPORT ALTERNATIVES ,TRANSPORT MODES ,EXOGENOUS SHOCKS ,TOTAL ELECTRICITY GENERATION ,AIR PASSENGER ,EXTREME WEATHER EVENTS ,GREENHOUSE GAS ,ELECTRICITY SUPPLY ,ANNUAL PRECIPITATION ,RAIL INFRASTRUCTURE ,LOW CARBON ECONOMY ,LANDFILL ,TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS ,MODAL SPLIT ,CALCULATION ,POLLUTION ,GLOBAL EMISSIONS REDUCTION ,ROAD SAFETY ,SOLVENTS ,FOREST GROWTH ,ENERGY DEMAND ,SINK ,ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION ,RAILWAY LINES ,ATMOSPHERE ,DISSOLVED OXYGEN ,PRIVATE TRAFFIC ,GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS ,GAS PRICES ,EMISSIONS FROM AGRICULTURE ,HEATING SYSTEMS ,RAIL MODE ,EMISSIONS REDUCTIONS ,FUEL ,ELECTRICITY ,STORMS ,BRIDGE ,NITRATES ,COAL ,FROST ,HEAVY VEHICLES ,CARBON DIOXIDE ,FOREST RESEARCH ,HURRICANES ,CARBON CAPTURE ,IPCC ,DRIVING ,EMISSION TRADING ,FUEL USE ,VEHICLES ,CAR MODE SHARE ,INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS ,INSURANCE ,PASSENGER TRANSPORT ,CARBON ECONOMY ,DISTRICT HEATING ,LAND USE CHANGE ,GREENHOUSE GASES ,CLEAN TECHNOLOGIES ,EMISSION LEVELS ,FOREST HEALTH ,TRAFFIC ,POWER GENERATION ,ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ,IMPORTS ,NATURAL GAS ,BUS ,FERTILISERS ,MONETARY FUND ,DAMAGES ,FOREST OWNERSHIP ,FORESTRY ,URBAN TRANSPORT ,CH4 ,TRANSPORT ACTIVITY ,ENERGY EFFICIENCY ,SEVERE HURRICANES ,WATER QUALITY ,WIND ,NITROGEN ,HOUSEHOLD ENERGY ,ANTHROPOGENIC GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS ,AFFORESTATION ,ENERGY SOURCES ,CAR OWNERSHIP ,EMISSION ,FOREST AREAS - Abstract
This report has been prepared by the World Bank for the Government of Romania as an output of the World Bank advisory services program on climate change and low-carbon green growth in Romania. In response to the request, the World Bank quickly mobilized a team of sectoral and climate change (CC) specialists and conducted rapid assessments in six sectors - energy, transport, urban, water, agriculture, and forestry, which were pre-identified by both the Government of Romania and the World Bank as areas significant to emission mitigation and or adaptation to CC. The objective of rapid assessments was to quickly evaluate climate risks and identify CC-related investment priorities and necessary implementation support for the 2014-2020 operational programs. This document is the stocktaking report of component A1. It provides an introductory cover to the literature on CC, baseline for Romania, institutional review of Romania and key European Union (EU) requirements, as well as available data sets that were identified in the given short-time span. Its purpose is to support the government as a first stock of key climate and green growth issues for Romania and summarize the current situation. The report is structured as follows: section one gives introduction, section two provides the sectoral summary on the country background and characteristics. Section three provides the baseline for the CC and green growth challenges in Romania. Relevant climate dimensions of Europe 2020 and existing EU regulations and policies related to climate change are summarized in section four. Section five provides an overview of national strategies, regulatory framework, and organizational setup for addressing CC in Romania. Background information on the Romania 2014-2020 European structural and investment funds (ESIF) programming and CC related aspects in the forthcoming ESIF programming report are covered in section six. Finally, section seven provides a CC relevant bibliography for Romania that may serve as a tool for referring to key literature in the field.
- Published
- 2013