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Digitalization is becoming more and more important. Building smart houses and industries to offer humans longer lives is one of the main goals of the digitization movement. The main aim of this work is to make those verbal exchange modules more powerful with the aid of either improving the antennas to have a higher layout or changing it with new varieties of antennas that are better able to facilitate powerful verbal exchange. This paper proposes an antenna that can be applied to a verbal exchange module to be able to perform inside the Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) band at 2.4 GHz. After designing and simulating a complete Printed Circuit Board (PCB) antenna, it found that a few designs produced advanced simulation effects in terms of gain, reflection coefficient, voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR), and band width. Always-pointing antennae are protected by the layout of the antenna, allowing it to protect features inside the Global Positioning System (GPS) and ISM (Industrial, Scientific, and Medical) bands for Wi-Fi devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many novel technologies of property energy and cell, solar power, batteries, and high-efficient combustion are widely investigated to conserve energy and reduce emissions. Transmission lines (TLs) play a serious role in transmitting generated electricity to different distribution units in facility engineering. The transmission lines function as a link between shoppers and a Power Station. Faults usually occur within the transmission when positioned in an open field. Quick identification and sick line faults square measures required for the conventional operation of the plant. A way like distinct moving ridge rework (DWT) and (EMD) is used to locate and identify faults to resolve this disruption. DWT is used to break down fault transients, as a result of which the info can be collected at the same time in each time and frequency domain. EMD decomposes the TLs voltage into Intrinsic Mode operation (IMFs). Four varieties of fault signals are square measurements produced by the grid-connected facility. Line faults square measure induced MATLAB/Simulink mistreatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Internet of Things (IoT) plays an indispensable role in present-day household electricity management. Nevertheless, practical development of cost-effective intelligent condition monitoring, protection, and control techniques for household distribution systems is still a challenging task. This paper is taking one step forward into a practical implementation of such techniques by developing an IoT Smart Household Distribution Board (ISHDB) to monitor and control various household smart appliances. The main function of the developed ISHDB is collecting and storing voltage, current, and power data and presenting them in a user-friendly way. The performance of the developed system is investigated under various residential electrical loads of different energy consumption profiles. In this regard, an Arduino-based working prototype is employed to gather the collected data into the ThingSpeak cloud through a Wi-Fi medium. Blynk mobile application is also implemented to facilitate real-time monitoring by individual consumers. Microprocessor technology is adopted to automate the process, and reduce hardware size and cost. Experimental results show that the developed system can be used effectively for real-time home energy management. It can also be used to detect any abnormal performance of the electrical appliances in real-time through monitoring their individual current and voltage waveforms. A comparison of the developed system and other existing techniques reveals the superiority of the proposed method in terms of the implementation cost and execution time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

More and more smart devices are making their way into consumers' private homes. While offering convenience, cost and time savings, these internet-enabled objects also raise notable concerns for consumers from a privacy and data protection perspective. Faced with these issues, this paper sheds light on how the principles of transparency and (informed) consent, as well as a recourse to technology, can contribute to a higher level of informational protection for consumers in data-driven smart environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The widespread penetration of electric vehicles (EVs) in the automotive market will create not only concerns about additional energy burden on power grids but also incentives to further encourage vehicle to grid (V2G) functionalities. The integration of EVs with intermittent renewables requires complex control systems due to the need to predict and manage data related to user behaviour and climate. In this study, a real-time energy storage management system was developed to accommodate V2G technology integration in a residential nanogrid considering no prior knowledge about the future system's state. The rule-based algorithm developed maximises the direct use of solar energy, ensures a user-determined driving range and provides ancillary services to the utility grid in real-time through an autonomous distributed control. The considered residential nanogrid set up was modelled via Matlab/Simulink and the corresponding results are demonstrated and discussed. From simulations, it is shown that the smart house designed integrates the V2G technology so that the nanogrid provides ancillary services to the bulk power system causing the least possible energy burden on the utility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The significant lack of affordable house is contributed by urbanization, economic power, and population growth. Accessible housing views having different types of houses at variety of costs to suit the needs of different levels of household income. This paper proposes to resolve the unaffordable house issues by constructing eco-friendly smart houses. Eco-friendly smart houses play a vital role in developing affordable houses because it will minimize construction costs, minimize negative environmental impact and reduce energy consumption. Besides, it was suggested that those houses will lead to community happiness. This study identifies the determinants for buyer intends to purchase the houses and make recommendations on the impact of the houses towards community happiness expectation. Questionnaires have been distributed to the potential buyer using the online application. The results conclude that attitude, perceive behavioral control and social media influence potential buyer intention to purchase the affordable eco-friendly smart houses. The findings further reveal that purchase intention leads to expectation on community happiness. This study contributes in two ways. First, it contributes to sustainable development goals agenda and offers a new approach in constructing affordable houses. Second, it contributes to theoretical development on the linkage between purchase intention and expectation on community happiness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently new hardware device is using that we have the possibility to use the Smartphone' sensors without having to use the rest of the shields of "Arduino", this target is called 1Sheeld and this facilitates added many benefits to the platform "Arduino." The systems that we propose has the goal to support invalid people and weak visual people and for this reason the sensor of a Smartphone have been used for to impact, through Bluetooth v4.0, in a device with both, hardware and free software how the Arduino that join with the app that use tow sensors of android device, can to work, wirelessly, domestic devices, lights, air conditioning, opening of doors, etc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract This work presents a collaborative scheme for the end-users in a smart building with multiple housing units. This approach determines a day-ahead operational plan that provides demand-response services by taking into account the amount of energy consumed per household, the use of shared storage and solar panels, and the amount of shifted load. We use a biobjective optimization model to trade off total user satisfaction versus total cost of energy consumption. The optimization works in combination with a price structure based on time and level of use that encourages load shifting and benefits the participants. Computational experiments and an extensive sensitivity analysis validate the performance of the proposed approach and help to clarify its strengths, its limits, and the requirements for ensuring the desired outcome. Highlights • We present a collaborative scheme for end-users in a multi-unit smart building. • We use compromise programming to trade off user satisfaction and cost of energy. • Our approach achieves demand response through a combination of different resources. • We introduce a new cost structure that encourages load shifting. • We give insights into the boundary and basic conditions for the building operation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Home energy management systems (HEMSs) are the system to manage the energy usage in houses. The use of HEMSs, and especially those which are capable of automatically controlling home energy appliances such as air-conditioners (ACs), is expected to manage energy utilized in domestic field effectively. In the present study, we focused on automatic AC operation by HEMS with the combined goal of improving thermal comfort while reducing electricity costs. In general, the room temperature and electricity consumption of an AC are highly dependent on the characteristics of the installation environment, so that the derivation of an appropriate AC operation plan is generally a difficult task. To tackle this problem, an energy management method to provide AC operation plan tailor-made for the target AC installation environmental by learning the characteristics of the installation environment (CIE) from the historical operation result data is proposed. The efficacy of the proposed method is verified via numerical and real-world experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fog computing extends cloud-based computing concept to the edge of the network, thus enabling a breed of services and applications. Previous research topics on fog computing have significantly focused on the concepts and fundamentals of fog computing and its importance in the context of Internet of things (IoT) and Web of object (WoO). Recently, inspired by IoT and WoO, the era of connecting all the things and people is coming. Unfortunately, various devices and objects in IoT environments hardly show the method for automatic connection and the cooperation applied to IoT applications and services. Firstly, in this paper we propose WoO based on the architecture which contains various devices and objects for providing Web base IoT services and applications. Secondly, various service overlay network concepts for providing mashup by service federation and composition are introduced. Also, we describe service deployment architecture over smart home IoT architecture on fog computing environment. Thirdly, we propose a new architecture for selecting optimal objects or things attributed from the metadata, resource and profiles by our WoO-based smart building energy prediction methodology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Internet of Thing (IoT) provides a wide range of services for human convenience by linking the connectivity from different platform devices. The IoT service holds an unlimited potentials, because the knowledge extracted from the big data can be applied to a huge variety service areas such as smart homes, smart buildings and transportations as well. There are lots of IoT service platforms developed by several companies. Except some platforms, most of them have been only focused on the connectivity. As a result, they have some limits for supporting an intelligent service. For the reason, we design the intelligent IoT common service platform architecture and implement the basic operations in this paper. We also develop the IoT Broker for providing the connectivity as well. We hereby verify the usefulness of the proposed service platform by implementing the IoT service on the platform. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the results of the bibliographic exploration that has been made in this research direction. Although relatively new, the scientific subject of the smart house (or intelligent home) benefits from several scientific reports published so far. It falls within the general field of Internet of things (IoT). The bibliographic study allows to highlight the more significant reported results but also to define future and immediate research directions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a smart house-based power system for thermal unit commitment programme. The proposed power system consists of smart houses, renewable energy plants and conventional thermal units. The transmission constraints are considered for the proposed system. The generated power of the large capacity renewable energy plant leads to the violated transmission constraints in the thermal unit commitment programme, therefore, the transmission constraint should be considered. This paper focuses on the optimal operation of the thermal units incorporated with controllable loads such as Electrical Vehicle and Heat Pump water heater of the smart houses. The proposed method is compared with the power flow in thermal units operation without controllable loads and the optimal operation without the transmission constraints. Simulation results show the validation of the proposed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Once a person is diagnosed (or a caregiver suspects that the person may have) cognitive disabilities he may lose the state of being autonomous, which may range from partial to total loss of independence, according to the level of incidence. Smart houses may be used as a tentative solution to overcome this situation. However, when one goes outside their premises, this alternative may become unusable. Indeed, due to the decreased orientation ability, caregivers may prevent these people from going out, as they may get lost. Therefore, we are developing a system for people with mild or moderate cognitive disabilities that guides the user through an augmented reality interface and provides a localization tool for caregivers. The orientation method implements a speculative computation module, thus the system may calculate and anticipate possible user mistakes and issue alerts before he takes the wrong path. Through a trajectory mining module, the path is also adjusted to user preferences. These two modules enable the system to adapt to the user. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the current global food production capability, it is not difficult to anticipate that there will be a global food shortage when the world population grows beyond 10 billion by the end of the 21st century. Many projects are in motion to deal with this problem and some of them are considered to be quite feasible. Development and implementation of smart green houses and vertical farms are two major solutions for the expected crisis, but as other ICT-based systems, their security problems must be dealt with. Nevertheless, current network forensics is still unable to fully monitor and analyze computer network traffic to gather the evidences of malicious attacks or intrusions. Although major companies and government agencies have introduced various types of high-speed IDS into their networks, smaller firms or private organizations are unable to do so because of the cost involved. The lightweight IDS proposed in this study can be a suitable solution as this system can be operated with a common PC and peripherals. This system also underwent a test bed experiment and proved its efficiency. Jpcap library was used to capture transport packets which were then classified using typical communications protocols. The packet headers were subjected to analysis and the results were stored in database for later applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Consumers want convenience. That convenience often comes in the form of everyday smart devices that connect to the internet and assist with daily tasks. With the advancement of technology and the "Internet of Things" in recent years, convenience is at our fingertips more than ever before. Not only do consumers want convenience, they want to trust that their product is performing the task that they purchased it for and not exposing them to danger or risk. However, due to the increasing capabilities and capacities of smart devices, consumers are less likely to realize the implications of what they are agreeing to when they purchase and begin using these products. This Note will focus on the risks associated with smart devices, using smart home devices as an illustration. These devices have the ability to collect intimate details about the layout of the home and about those who live within it. The mere collection of this personal data opens consumers up to the risk of having their private information shared with unintended recipients whether the information is being sold to a third party or accessible to a hacker. Thus, to adequately protect consumers, it is imperative that they can fully consent to their data being collected, retained, and potentially distributed. This Note examines the law that is currently in place to protect consumers who use smart devices and argues that a void ultimately leaves consumers vulnerable. Current data privacy protection in the United States centers on the self-regulatory regime of "notice and choice." This Note highlights how the self-regulatory notice-and-choice model fails to ensure sufficient protection for consumers who use smart devices and discusses the need for greater privacy protection in the era of the emerging Internet of Things. Ultimately, this Note proposes a state-level resolution and calls upon an exemplar state to experiment with privacy protection laws to determine the best way to regulate the Internet of Things. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Model predictive controllers use accurate temperature forecasts to save energy by optimally controlling heating, ventilation and air conditioning equipment while achieving comfort for occupants. In a “smart” building, i.e. one that is outfitted with sensors, temperature forecasts are computed from data gathered by these sensors. Recently, accurate temperature forecasts have been generated using relatively few observations from each sensor. However, long sensor histories are available in smart houses. In this paper we consider improving forecast accuracy by using up to 24 hours of quarter-hourly readings. In particular, we overcome forecast inaccuracy that arises from the “one standard error” heuristic (1SE) in lasso regression. When there are many historical observations, low variance in the error estimations can result in excessively high values for the lasso hyperparameter λ. We propose the midfel refinement of lasso regression, which adjusts λ based on the shape of the error curve, resulting in improved forecast accuracy. We illustrate its effect in a setting where lasso regression is used to select sensors based on forecast accuracy. In this setting, midfel lasso regression using many historical observations has two effects: its improves accuracy and uses fewer sensors. Thus it potentially reduces costs arising both from energy usage and from sensor installation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Contributing to a flattened load profile by smart home owners could effectively assists the microgrid operator (MGO) in coping with technical hurdles and assuring an economic operation. To attain such functionality, a home energy management (HEM) approach is proposed which interrogates two objectives, sequentially. The first objective assures a minimum energy payment cost of home appliances, as the main purpose of the home owners. In the sequel, the obtained minimum cost is assigned as an optimization constraint and the minimum load profile deviation is pursued. Besides the fixed-load and shiftable appliances, plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV), small-scale energy storage system, and renewable energy resources are also contemplated. Efficient linearization techniques are applied to avert non-linear nature of the established model ending to a linear one. Detailed simulation studies are conducted to assess performance of the proposed approach. Results are discussed in terms of reduced energy payment costs of home owners and a flattened load profile. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, virtual tours are very popular and many people would like to see a virtual house before the acquisition of the real one. The paper demonstrates a creation of a virtual tour for smart house developed in Unity engine. This virtual tour is connected with microcontroller from Arduino family which has attached several sensors and actuators. These electronic devices react to the events in the virtual tour and vice versa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Decarbonising the European economy is a long-term goal in which the residential sector will play a significant role. Smart buildings for energy management are one means of decarbonisation, by reducing energy consumption and related emissions. This study investigated the environmental impacts of smart house automation using life cycle impact assessment. The ReCiPe method was selected for use, in combination with dynamic emissions factors for electricity in Finland. The results indicated that a high level of technology deployment may be counter-effective, due to high electricity consumption by the sensor network, automation system and computing devices. The results also indicated that number of inhabitants per household directly affected the environmental impacts of home automation. A single-person household saw its environmental impacts increase by 15%, while those of a five-person household increased by 3% in the worst-case scenario. The manufacturing phase contributed the major share of environmental impacts, exceeding the use phase in multiple categories. These findings indicate that finding the sweet spot in which technology can promote decarbonisation will be crucial to achieving the goal of a low‑carbon economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increasing number of elderly people and chronic diseases asks for innovative care models enabled by technology. Considering house as the place where most of people spend their daily routine, we believe that smart house development and diffusion could lead to such innovation. In this paper we propose a smart house solution aiming to support the daily life of people by means of a multi-dimensional care model. The care model is enabled by an IT infrastructure, called PAss integration platform, suitable to monitor and to actuate the environment via Smart Objects. It consists in a common platform able to solve compatibility issue due to the proliferation of standard and to avoid lock-in introduced by vendors solutions. The Smart Objects interact with the PAss integration platform improving number, types and quality of input data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Smart Houses are a prominent field of research referring to environments adapted to assist people in their everyday life. Older people and people with disabilities would benefit the most from the use of Smart Houses because they provide the opportunity for them to stay in their home for as long as possible. In this review, the developments achieved in the field of Smart Houses for the last 16 years are described. The concept of Smart Houses, the most used analysis methods, and current challenges in Smart Houses are presented. A brief introduction of the analysis methods is given, and their implementation is also reported. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a novel Energy Management System (EMS) is proposed for a hybrid energy system with photovoltaic (PV) and energy storage system for a smart house. The EMS is designed to control the shiftable loads, the air conditioning and the electric storage system. The aim is to reduce the electrical energy consumption cost without compromising the end-user comfort. Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS) is used to estimate the optimal size of the hybrid system considering energy saving and investment costs. Simulations results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed EMS in decreasing the electrical energy consumption and costs. The proposed method for the sizing of the hybrid system is also able to select the best size of the PV-battery system in smart houses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Nowadays the technical solutions related to energy resource management are being rapidly developed and integrated into the daily lives of people. The energy resource management systems use sensor networks for receiving and processing information during the realia time. Despite the large number of research related to increasing the life expectancy of a network, node positioning, network clustering as well as the optimization of the data-processing model, issues related to the data flow management and classification of the information become more and more topical; they allow to reduce the amount of transmitted information within the network. The network load of the unstructured information flow is the most important aspect that impacts the service quality of the network as well as the life expectancy of a node; as a result, the methods of network performance optimization and increase in life expectancy in the networks with a high information transmission rate become ineffective. Nowadays the amount of transmitted information in the Internet of Things networks is increased and becomes chaotic which results in the reduction of the overall network efficiency and life expectancy. The article discusses the management method of the network data flow that can respond to a data flow programming task whilst taking into account the balancing of the node energy in the network. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to evaluate the quality of Internet of Things (IoT) environments in smart houses, large datasets containing interactions between people and ubiquitous environments are essential for hardware and software testing. Both testing and simulation require a substantial amount of time and volunteer resources. Consequently, the ability to simulate these ubiquitous environments has recently increased in importance. In order to create an easy-to-use simulator for designing ubiquitous environments, we propose a simulator and autonomous agent generator that simulates human activity in smart houses. The simulator provides a three-dimensional (3D) graphical user interface (GUI) that enables spatial configuration, along with virtual sensors that simulate actual sensors. In addition, the simulator provides an artificial intelligence agent that automatically interacts with virtual smart houses using a motivation-driven behavior planning method. The virtual sensors are designed to detect the states of the smart house and its living agents. The sensed datasets simulate long-term interaction results for ubiquitous computing researchers, reducing the testing costs associated with smart house architecture evaluation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, various types of wireless sensor network systems have been developed. Their price has also been reduced, and we can easily use such systems to monitor human states and behaviors in a house. Furthermore, such kind of information is useful for elderly care and nursing care by robot partners. However, we have to integrate different types of data measured by each sensor node to estimate human states and behaviors. If the measurement data are organized and structured, the monitoring system can do flexible monitoring and share the information. Therefore, we have proposed the concept of Informationally Structured Space (ISS). This paper proposes a methodology for human behavior estimation by wireless sensor networks in ISS. Next, we propose a monitoring system for sensor state and human behavior using ISS. Finally, we show several experimental results and discuss the effectiveness of the proposed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The materials of this paper concern a new nanocomposites perspective for construction. The development of research in the field of production and application of nanocomposite materials has made it possible to develop building materials, having high exploitation characteristics. One of such materials is a polydisperse armed water soluble epoxy composite coat, named “EpoxyPAN.” This material consists of the water soluble epoxy resin filled by the high strength inorganic fillers and the unique nanocarbon particles, astralenes and nanoporous microfiber. It was found that EpoxyPAN is possible to be used as effective water protection coating and simultaneously as effective electromagnetic waves absorber. The physical and exploitation properties of this nanocomposite and the possible ways of its applications for the Clever House constructions are also described in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes an uninterruptible all-electric smart house equipped with photovoltaic system and storage battery. There is a control delay in the conventional control system, because the system uses root mean square or average values for the control method. Therefore, it causes transient currents when load variation and system faults occur. The transient current adversely affects the in-house loads (e.g., precision equipment). In this paper, the control delay is reduced by using a control system with single-phase dq-transformation information. Therefore, the smart house achieves a reduction of the transient current caused by load variation and system faults through the use of instantaneous inverter control. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by simulation results given by the Matlab/ SimPowerSystems® environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Buildings are the result of a complex integration of multi-physics subsystems. Besides the obvious civil engineering infrastructure, thermal, electrical, mechanical, control, communication and computing subsystems must co-exist and be operated so that the overall operation is smooth and efficient. This is particularly important for commercial buildings but is also very relevant for residential buildings especially apartment buildings. Unfortunately, the design and deployment of these subsystems is rarely synchronized: lighting, security, heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems are often designed independently. However, simply putting together a collection of sub-systems, albeit optimized, has led to inefficient buildings of today. Worldwide, buildings consume 42% of all electrical power - more than any other asset - and it can be proven that much of this can be reduced if a holistic approach to design, deployment and operation is taken. Government agencies, academic institutions, building contractors and owners have realized the significant impact of buildings on the global environment, the electrical grid, and the mission of their organizations. However, the economic impact for all constituencies is still difficult to assess. Government regulations can play a fundamental role, as it has been the case for the transportation industry where regulations on emission and fuel consumption have been the single most important factor of innovation in automotive design. We are convinced that by leveraging technology and utilizing a system-level approach to buildings, they will provide comfort, safety and functionality while minimizing energy cost, supporting a robust electric grid and mitigating environmental impact. Realizing this vision requires adding intelligence from the beginning of the design phase, to deployment, from commissioning to operation, all the way to the end of the building's life cycle. In this issue, we attempt to provide an overview of the activities in the field of smart connected building design automation that attempts to make the vision a reality. The overarching range of such activities includes developing simulation tools for modeling and design of buildings, and consequently control algorithms proposed to make buildings smarter and more efficient. Further, we will review real-world and large-scale implementation of such control strategies on physical buildings. We then present a formal co-design methodology to design buildings taking the view that buildings are prime examples of cyberphysical systems where the virtual and physical worlds meet, as more traditional products such as thermostats are able to connect online and perform complicated computational tasks to control building temperature effectively. We complete the presentation describing the growing role of buildings in the operation of the smart grid where buildings are not only consumers of energy, but also providers of services and energy to the smart grid. The audiences for this monograph are industry professionals and researchers who work in the area of smart buildings, smart cities and smart grid, with emphasis on energy-efficiency, simulation tools, optimal control, and cyber-physical systems design for the emerging and connected power markets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is devoted to the use of low – voltage supply in the “Smart house” lighting system. This paper considers the low-voltage system of lighting power supply with a possibility of integration with alternative energy sources without additional devices, such as voltage converters and generators . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the important application of Internet of things technology, intelligent home system becomes the research focus at home and abroad. This paper does design on home gateway system of intelligent home through combining with embedded technology, computer network technology and wireless sensor network technology. Utilizing CC2530 Chip of TI Company, it finishes the design of ZigBee networking module. Through using S3C6410 Chip and running embedded Linux System, it realizes protocol conversion program, completes design of telecommunication module and achieves connection of home gateway with Internet. Test results indicate that the designed home gateway system meets requirements of system design, achieves the anticipated design targets and keeps good practical value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the major gaps in the current HTML5 web platform, is the lack of interoperable means for a multimodal application to discover services and applications available in a given space and network for example, in smart houses or in applications for the Internet of Things. To address this gap, we produced a SOA approach that was submitted to the W3C׳s Multimodal Working Group and validated as a draft recommendation that aims to allow the discovery and registration of components used in multimodal systems for the web of things. In this approach, the components are described and virtualized in a module communicating through two dedicated events, they are registered in a Resources Manager to facilitate the fine management of concurrent multimodal interactions, and the system supports an interoperable discovery, registration and filtering of the features provided by heterogeneous and dynamic components in the web of things. In this paper we will present the W3C׳s Multimodal Architecture and Interfaces standard and explain the Discovery and Registration mechanism adopted to address the need of finding and integrating components into distributed and dynamic multimodal systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

DC smart house is receiving attention as means for the management of electric power. Since many domestic appliances are also DC devices, the DC smart house can also reduce conversion losses. Recently, the increased introduction of residential photovoltaic generators (PV) has been remarkable. However, since the output power of PV fluctuates according to weather conditions and is commonly allowed to flow into the power grid, it is difficult for the supply side to balance supply and demand. The purpose of this study is to prevent the fluctuations of the PV output power connected to the DC smart house from flowing into the power system. This paper proposes compensation methods for fluctuations in the output power of the PV as well as those caused by consumption power of uncontrollable loads. The proposed scheme achieves a stable constant active power interconnection point between the smart house and the grid by cooperative operation of Electric Vehicle (EV) and Electric Water Heater (EWH). The control scheme of both the EV and the EWH uses the H∞ control method. H∞ control improves the control performance because the gain can be regulated according to the frequency domain. The proposed scheme is tested by comparing with two other cases, of which the control group comprises no-controller for each device and Proportional-Integral (PI) controllers for each device. In the nocontrol scenario, these devices follow a randomly generated load profile. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by simulation results in the MATLAB/SimulinkV® environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intelligent house is the new name of the house which can be monitored at the distance using different sensors. This paper presents a prototype at reduced scale of the house equipped with various sensors which prevent the risk factors. The risk factors could be the humidity, gas, temperature, et.al. All the data are sent by phone and alarms ring if the values are not in the normally ranges. This prototype demonstrates that it is able to take over the real status of the environment and to process it in a timely manner in order to prove its effectiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the past (few) years a lot of research and development projects were proposed concerning the implementation of smart home environment, sometimes even called an intelligent environment, comforting people who use various adaptations of internet of things and services. This paper advocates an opinion that a set of electronically controlled smart things must be intellectualized using human-type reasoning. A novel approach and new algorithms for the hierarchical fuzzy training, retraining, and self-training for intellectualized home environments are proposed in this paper. Training algorithms based on fuzzy logic use top-down hierarchical analysis of home situations under consideration to conquer the curse of increasing number of rules. A successful combination of crisp algorithms for the identification of presence/absence of users in the environment with fuzzy logic-based algorithms for corresponding rules subsets development and processing enables the number of necessary rules to decrease significantly. In the paper a case is presented with the starting number of 2500 rules which later diminished approximately 5 times. For the first time, the changes in users' wishes are taken into account during the retraining process. An entirely new ability of the system was investigated, and a fuzzy logic-based algorithm for initiating a self-training process without any a priori information is developed as well. The vitality and efficiency of the proposed methodology was tested and simulated on a specialized virtual software/hardware modeling system. The proposed and simulated algorithms are delivered for use in two industrial projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Identification of electricity energy consumption on individual household appliances used in a smart house is the first important step for making the use and conservation of electricity energy more efficient. In the past, Non-Intrusive Load Monitoring (NILM) techniques, which are part of smart grid techniques realized to improve electricity energy usage efficiency, have been developed to identify individual appliances with avoiding installing many smart meters for appliances in a field. In this paper, a new NILM technique that integrates an efficient Genetic Programming (GP)-based feature optimizer with pattern recognition techniques is proposed to identify which appliance is being turned on or off. The proposed GP-based feature optimizer with Fisher criterion is used to generate a more efficient feature than original potential transient features extracted from captured transient response of household appliances through analysis of NILM. The new feature generated by GP is used by pattern recognition techniques as load identifiers for load identification. The load identifiers used and compared in this paper include k-Nearest-Neighbor Rule, Back-Propagation Artificial Neural Network, and Learning Vector Quantization. Experiments are conducted under different single-load and multiple-load operation circumstances at different actual experimental environments with small disturbances. As shown from the experimental results, the proposed is confirmed to be feasible and usable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the concerns of global warming and the depletion of energy resources, renewable energies such as wind generation (WG) and photovoltaic generation (PV) are gaining attention in distribution systems. Efficient electric equipment such as heat pumps (HP) not only contribute low levels of carbon to society, but are also beneficial for consumers. In addition, gas instruments such as the gas engine (GE) and fuel cells (FC) are expected to reduce electricity cost by exhaust heat. Thus, it is important to clarify which systems (HP or GE) are more beneficial for consumers throughout the year. This paper compares the operational cost for the smart house between using the HP and the GE. Current electricity and gas prices are used to calculate the cost of the smart house. The system considered in this research comprises a PV, battery, solar collector (SC), uncontrolled load and either an HP or a GE. In order to verify the effectiveness of the proposed system, MATLAB is used for simulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Measuring and managing the power consumption of household appliances, as well as that of industrial machineries, is becoming more and more important to improve the distribution and usage of the electrical energy and to reduce the energy bill. We present the design of a non-invasive wireless current meter which can measure AC current up to 60 A RMS exploiting a small clamp-on inductive sensor. The novelty of the design is a subsystem consisting of a harvesting circuit designed to extract energy from the same current transducer used for measurements. Experiments have been conducted to validate the approach, to assess the accuracy of the sensing system and deviations due to the energy harvester, and to determine the condition which permits us to achieve the energy neutrality and thus, a self-sustainable smart meter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, the exhaustion of energy resources has become an important issue. Hence, renewable energy has attracted considerable attention. In particular, the development of a smart house equipped with a photovoltaic (PV) system and storage battery is proceeding rapidly. A smart house must avoid interruptions of power supply because the power supply is very important for an all-electric house. Therefore, the smart house needs uninterruptible power features. The proposed uninterruptible smart house has seamless features for transitioning between stand-alone mode and grid-connected mode by phase synchronization control. Also, this smart house achieves a reduction of transient current at transition from stand-alone mode to grid-connected mode. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by simulation results in MATLAB®/SimPowerSystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Efficient energy consumption in homes is one of key elements of sustainable healthy residential living. This thesis deals with decision-making method and procedure for home energy use scheduling designed to boost energy efficiency. Home energy use scheduling is a complex task that combines various data for decision-making. To carry out the task, this study used the idea of utilizing ‘life log data,’ which is recording and storing daily routines. Life log data is recorded and stored in a metrics developed through a literature study and it contains 5W1H data (Who, When, Where, What, Why, How). Through the 5W1H data, lifestyle of residents can be analysed to determine the right services for them. The processes are as follows; House environments, Service determined, Similarity analysis, Data filtering, Smart service. As the life log data is developed by human's experience, this system makes it possible for one to one personalized service. And it can be possible personal energy savings at home. One of the key merits in relation to the utilization of the life-log data is that it can provide a customized one-on-one service reflecting the behavioural patterns and the lifestyles of a resident. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Due to the depletion of energy resources and global warming, renewable energies such as the solar collector (SC) and photovoltaic generation (PV), are gaining more widespread use in residential areas. In Japan, incentive to install these units for consumers is provided by governmental support with the introduction of feed-in tariffs (FIT) and governmental subsidies. Thus, it is possible to reduce electricity cost in houses using time-of-use (TOU) price and to get benefit from selling power generated by PV. Furthermore, investment costs of PV and battery systems are decreasing year by year; on however, the price of purchased power for consumers is increasing and the selling price by FIT is decreasing annually. Hence, it is important to reveal which year, at what capacity, and which system and appliances are best choices for the consumer. In this paper, an expansion planning model of PV and battery systems for the smart house is presented. The expansion planning period is 20 years and ranges from 2015 to 2035. The proposed method clarifies the optimal installation year, capacity and appliances during the twenty year period considering variable characteristics such as investment cost, selling price and purchasing price which change year by year. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]