Real-time energy storage management system of a nanogrid integrating photovoltaics and V2G operation.

The widespread penetration of electric vehicles (EVs) in the automotive market will create not only concerns about additional energy burden on power grids but also incentives to further encourage vehicle to grid (V2G) functionalities. The integration of EVs with intermittent renewables requires complex control systems due to the need to predict and manage data related to user behaviour and climate. In this study, a real-time energy storage management system was developed to accommodate V2G technology integration in a residential nanogrid considering no prior knowledge about the future system's state. The rule-based algorithm developed maximises the direct use of solar energy, ensures a user-determined driving range and provides ancillary services to the utility grid in real-time through an autonomous distributed control. The considered residential nanogrid set up was modelled via Matlab/Simulink and the corresponding results are demonstrated and discussed. From simulations, it is shown that the smart house designed integrates the V2G technology so that the nanogrid provides ancillary services to the bulk power system causing the least possible energy burden on the utility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]