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Prior research on career interdependence has focused on how colleague exits shape employees' intraorganizational careers through the creation of job vacancies and vacancy-driven promotion. In this paper, I propose that colleague exits can shape employees' careers through the creation of valuable relational "vacancies." Focusing on employees engaged in collaborative research, and drawing on the vacancy chains literature, I argue that colleague exits create new collaboration opportunities for remaining employees that can enhance learning and facilitate competency-driven promotion. Yet, employees will benefit only when these opportunities arise as a result of their own collaborators leaving—that is, employees must lose to gain. Using longitudinal data on employees within a single research organization, I show that collaborator exits increase the likelihood of employees' competency-driven promotion in a way that noncollaborator exits do not. Furthermore, it is the exit of higher-level collaborators that is most beneficial. These findings highlight a different type of career interdependence and the role of collaborator mobility in shaping the intraorganizational careers of knowledge workers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the mid-7th century, in the Turfan region, the main type of funerary inscription changed from mubiao (tomb announcements) to muzhi (tomb epitaphs). This change is attributed to the influence of Central Plains' culture, which scholars have suggested was transmitted after the Tang Empire conquered the Qu's Gaochang kingdom and established the prefecture of Xizhou in the Turfan area. This article explores the reasons for this change from the perspective of regional interaction with a focus on the agency of the Turfan people in the process of cultural exchange. The article starts by defining the structure of mubiao and muzhi and proposes a new classification framework to sort the inscriptions according to how they were structured. After this sorting, it investigates the connections between each type of inscription and the time periods in which they were used. It then considers how each type of inscription refers to itself. I suggest that muzhi need to be understood by investigating the changes in the numbers of each type as well as the format and content of brick epitaphs in the mid-7th century. Many of the Gaochang elite were relocated to the two capitals after the fall of the Gaochang Kingdom; they were later moved back to Turfan, and it has been suggested that elements of Central Plains' epitaphs were introduced by them. However, the forms of the bricks and the locations of the brick epitaphs in tombs show a continuation of the traditions of the Gaochang kingdom. This continuation reveals that the Gaochang elite actively chose certain elements in the process of cultural exchange. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After the Great War, the League of Nations worked to foster international cooperation among museum curators, focusing first on professionalising the sector itself. As an affiliate of the League's International Committee of Intellectual Cooperation, the International Museums Office moved decisively to standardise curators' practice, boost the role's stature, and build professional networks that transcended national borders. This particular initiative of the oft-maligned League proved unassumingly effective from 1926, but it did so ultimately to the detriment of the most idealistic internationalism. As extreme nationalism, civil war, and then the threat of another world war overtook Europe in the 1930s, curators began turning their improved skills and prestige to assisting their own countries' war efforts, revealing the unexpected outcomes of international initiatives like the League's Museums Office. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the early decades of the twentieth century in colonial Assam, the standardisation of language, the expansion of regional literature and literary circles, and the challenges arising for linguistic communities led to the formation of Asam Sahitya Sabha (ASS) that intended to work for the advancement of Assamese language in the interest of the public. Implicit in its model of association was the notion of collective identity that gradually set the pace for assertions. The ASS's motivations cannot be discussed in isolation. The historical junctures of colonial India must be taken into account that had set the stage for revolutionising the literary spaces. This article has two key aims, first to discuss the events of ASS's activism during the colonial and post-independence periods and observe the relevant transitions. Second, to look at the mobilisation agendas pursued by the ASS in contemporary times and whether there are alternative inspirations. To place the key issues of the present, the insights from ASS members, who were interviewed, are included. Overall, this article looks at the associational form of the language assertion in Assam, years earlier and the roles adopted with the changing times. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traditionally, persons with intellectual disabilities in Poland have been researched on and treated as not competent enough to research with. Despite its scientific merit and practical usefulness, inclusive research involving persons with intellectual disabilities as co-researchers has only recently become a subject of interest in this country. The added value of inclusive projects should be analysed from two standpoints, i.e., those of co-researchers with disabilities and co-researchers without disabilities. In this article, we discuss the latter perspective, focusing on Polish researchers without disabilities who have experience in conducting inclusive research with persons with intellectual disabilities. The key aspect of the analyses was to highlight the potential of persons with intellectual disabilities as co-researchers. As a result, we have determined several important aspects of inclusive research in the relational perspective involving co-researchers with intellectual disabilities and co-researchers without intellectual disabilities and the community perspective. The analyses identified four superordinate themes: building relationships in the research team; opportunities and constraints associated with the implementation of inclusive projects; institutional barriers; and the importance of the role of a co-researcher without intellectual disabilities. Implications for further research and practice are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on Trevor Hogan's deep connection with Peter Beilharz, spanning mentorship, collaboration, and friendship. It highlights how their relationship began, Beilharz's pivotal role in Hogan's academic journey, and his influence as a mentor, colleague, and co-editor in their joint endeavors, particularly in Thesis Eleven, reflecting on Beilharz's intellectual contributions and their collaborative efforts in the journal's development.

The article focuses on the encounters and discussions between the author and Peter Beilharz over several years in different locations. Topics include intellectual exchanges on Marxism, market ideology, Nelson Mandela, the state of universities, social theory, the Addo Elephant Park visit, and their collaborative project on modernity in South Africa and Australia and their interactions reveal a blend of academic curiosity, camaraderie, and the evolution of academic connections.

The article focuses on collaboration and friendship between Philippa Mein Smith and Peter Beilharz, spanning over two decades, where their intellectual bond evolved around themes such as the Antipodes and cultural traffic. It details their shared academic journey, encompassing collaborations, workshops, and discussions across Australia and New Zealand, showcasing their joint endeavors in examining Antipodean perspectives and challenging national narratives within the academic sphere.

Although criminal law books were comparatively rare before the middle of the eighteenth century, Beccaria's Dei delitti e delle pene (1764) triggered the development of an enormous literature devoted to penal issues (from philosophical foundations to debates related to prisons) in Europe until 1914. In one and a half centuries, more than 20,000 books were published on these issues, of which about half were published in German lands and the remainder in Italy, France, Great Britain/United Kingdom, Spain, Portugal, Belgium and the Netherlands. Both philosophers and sociologists participated to these intellectual exchanges. This paper tries to analyse different ways for measuring the circulation of these texts (translations, quotations especially in footnotes, catalogues of private and public libraries, correspondence and travels). Although the debates were clearly transnational, there were also obstacles in the diffusion of foreign books. After evaluating these linguistic or cultural obstacles and considering the changing contexts between the first and second halves of the nineteenth century, this article outlines three conclusions about the globalisation and non-globalisation of legal concepts during this period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article introduces a new model, the catastrophe model of intellectual property cooperation behavior. The purpose of the model is to analyze the evolutionary track of intellectual property cooperation behavior. After providing a general of catastrophe mechanism of intellectual property cooperation behavior and introducing stochastic catastrophe theory, this article offers a catastrophe model of intellectual property cooperation behavior. And then, based on the survey data of high-tech enterprises, the model parameters were given by introducing the qualitative simulation algorithm. The results demonstrate that intellectual property cooperation is composed of a cooperation strategic planning stage, cooperation system formation stage, cooperation system working stage, and cooperation profit distribution stage. Under the influence of control variables, the intellectual property cooperation behavior will appear catastrophic near the set of bifurcation points. Most previous studies on intellectual property cooperation have disregarded the characteristic of the sudden changes in cooperation behavior. Therefore, this article offers an integrated catastrophe model and explains the nature of intellectual property cooperation behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How did Portugal confirm its national interests while integrated into an institution that promoted visions of an international community? This article addresses the central question of this peripheral country's response to two proposals put forward by the Organisation for Intellectual Cooperation in the 1930s inter-war period: the revision of textbooks and the use of broadcasting for peace. After a brief analysis of the institutional aspects and Portugal's integration into the system of intellectual cooperation, the article examines how Portugal addressed two issues of national relevance in a transnational context. Based on extensive archival research, this article starts from the premise of whether Portugal's nationalist stance prevented it from adhering to two resolutions that sought moral disarmament. More broadly, this article aims to contribute to the renewed interest in revisiting the history of the League of Nations by focusing on projects devised by the technical organs of intellectual cooperation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revue Universitaire des Sciences Humaines et Sociales is the property of University of Kasdi Merbah Ouargla and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Technology has played an increasingly important role in the competition between the US-led West and China, and the geo-technological perspective, which focuses on the interaction between technology and geopolitics as well as major-power competition, has come to the forefront. Chips lay the foundation for the development of multiple emerging and critical technologies. With the advent of a digital era of major-power competition, chip security has become a key underpinning of national economic, technological, and military security. The US has been advancing its chip containment against China with domestic and external balancing acts. It pays attention to the linkage of domestic and external policies and combines short-term measures with longterm strategies, in order to widen the technological gap between China and the US in the chip field and hinder the development of China's chip technology and industry. Through a Modern American Industrial Strategy, the US strives to improve its R&D and manufacturing capabilities of advanced chips and has stepped up its blockade of China’s chip technology in terms of export controls and investment review. Besides, the US has taken the lead in building a multi-level and modular “chip alliance,” trying to strengthen cooperation with allies in intellectual property and technology protection, R&D of chip technology, and reshaping of chip ecosystem. It has also focused on giving play to the strengths of different forces including the government, enterprises, and scientific research institutions. Meanwhile, the US faces many constraints in promoting its chip suppression on China, for example the internal competition in the US chip industry, conflicts between the US government and chip companies, and differences between the US and its allies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intellectual ability, also known as intelligence, is a multifaceted construct that is typically measured through intelligence tests. The importance and complexity of intellectual ability have made it of significant interest to researchers and educators. This is coupled with the fact that it is one phenomenon that is influenced by a variety of factors. This prompted the study that sought to investigate the differential and interactional influences of gender, age, education, and ethnicity on intellectual ability in Rivers State Nigeria. The study employed the analytic descriptive survey design with a sample of 390 that was randomly drawn using a stratified sampling technique. A test of general reasoning ability, which is a standardized test, was used to elicit data on the variables of the study. Validity and high reliability coefficients were obtained for the instrument. Data were analysed using mean, standard deviation, t-test, one-way, and three-way ANOVA. The result showed that age and ethnicity had a significant influence on intellectual ability, but gender and educational level did not have a significant influence. Gender, age, and educational level did not have significant interactional influences as well. It was recommended that investing in education, particularly in the early years, can have lasting benefits for cognitive and intellectual ability development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the context of open innovation, selecting partners for knowledge collaboration is crucial for knowledge-intensive enterprises, and matching cooperation is key to successful intellectual property cooperation. To provide enterprises with practical tools for partner selection, this paper analyzes the evaluation factors of intellectual property partners. We establish a collaborative innovation intellectual property partner selection model by combining the maximum entropy model with grey relational method, and calculating the comprehensive evaluation value of candidate enterprises by using the improved Pythagorean Fuzzy Hybrid Aggregation (PF-HA) operator. An application example illustrates the feasibility and advantage of the improved PF-HA method improving the selection of intellectual property partners. Compared with other methods, the advantages of PF-HA are shown in that it can simultaneously optimize the use efficiency of multi-partner and multi-dimensional evaluation data, and effectively deal with the ambiguity of expert decision information and the flexibility of index weight in the partner evaluation process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the Institute of Race Relations (IRR) and its 50-year history of radicalism and commitment to anti-racism, internationalism, and liberation. Topics include the IRR's journey of rebuilding and comradeship, the legacy of A. Sivanandan's directorship and his impact on solidarity and internationalism, and the need for anti-racism to adapt to new circuits of imperialism and forge new paths of resistance in the face of global crises.

This article deals with Chilean foreign policy in the League of Nations and specifically analyses the roles assumed by various diplomatic agents in the International Commission for Intellectual Cooperation and the International Institute for Intellectual Cooperation, institutions whose purpose was to harmonise the troubled inter-war period through education. In view of the scarce historiographical production on this subject, we have resorted, in order to carry out this research, to various unpublished documentary sources from the General Historical Archive of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Chile, the documentation issued by the United Nations and that kept in the National Library of Chile, in addition to the bibliographical consultation of specialists. In this sense, we maintain that the Chilean state's perception of intellectual cooperation is divided into two stages. The first corresponds to an indifferent collaboration in its objectives, while in the second, it opted for a contribution against the backdrop of Geneva idealism with the aim of becoming a reference in the international community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article contributes to the critical historical research that has demythologised the 'noble origins' of the International Relations discipline (IR) by exposing its imperial, colonial, and racist legacies. Where most critical historiographies have unveiled the centrality of racialised and imperialist ontologies in individual thinkers and theories, this article traces imperialist origins of international thought by reconstructing its impact on administrative-institutional infrastructures. Specifically, it interrogates the most systematic and institutionalised attempt to define the 'subject matter' of IR under the International Studies Conference (ISC) organised by the International Institute of Intellectual Cooperation (IIIC) of the League of Nations. Through a parallel reading of the archives from ISC's 'administrative meetings' and 'study meetings', the article contends that the seemingly academic discussions on the subject matter of IR in the 'administrative meetings' were in fact intertwined with the imperialist-colonial politics central to 'study meetings'. The article thus not only challenges IR's conventional history, but its historical ontologies by revealing how race and empire were central to the constitution of its very subject matter and its early institutionalisation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers information on a session titled "There's A LOT Still Happening in MARC: Some Updates on MARC Formats," which took place during the American Library Association (ALA) Core Interest Group Week in March 2023. The session covered recent developments in the MARC standards and updates from groups: the "MARC/RDA Working Group," the "Program for Cooperative Cataloging Task Group on MARC Simplification" and the "Program for Cooperative Cataloging's Standing Committee.

Only few studies consider characterizing the coopetition formation stage, especially from the perspective of cultural institutions. A review of the literature, as well as observation of the functioning of cultural institutions in economic practice, allows us to notice the dichotomy of coopetition strategies, expressed in the simultaneous establishment of coopetition relationships by a given institution in both an emerging and intentional way. This article focuses on mechanisms of setting the intentional and emergent coopetition strategy on the example of cultural institutions (the coopetition strategy is considered here at the interorganizational level). Mechanisms are understood in this paper as causal pathways to the emergence of motivation to coopetition. The article is conceptual in nature and is based on a narrative approach to the literature review within strategic management. As its main contribution, this paper offers conceptualization of the mechanisms of setting the intentional and emergent coopetition strategy on the example of cultural institutions, which are examples of public and non-profit organizations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ayer: Revista de Historia Contemporánea is the property of Asociacion de Historia Contemporanea and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Universitatis Carolinae Historia Universitatis Carolinae Pragensis is the property of Charles University Prague, Karolinum Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article focuses on Jeffrey C Alexander's profound admiration and appreciation for Peter Beilharz as both an intellectual companion and a close friend. It highlights Beilharz's wide-ranging intellectual curiosity, his genuine interest in diverse ideas, and his empathetic, open-minded approach to people, ideas, and cultures, emphasizing his significant impact on Alexander's personal and intellectual life.

This article aims to shed light on the rationale behind Fascist Italy's participation in the League of Nations' (L.o.N.) cultural organizations, as well as on the strategies and diplomatic tools it adopted with a view to setting the intellectual cooperation agenda in the 1920s and 1930s. Although inspired by a strong nationalist ideology, the Fascist regime, at least initially, successfully adapted its cultural diplomacy strategies to the multilateral context of the L.o.N., embracing the language and tools of internationalism. In the long run, however, this delicate balance between nationalist and internationalist attitudes proved untenable: Mussolini' project aiming to convey a positive and tolerant image of Fascism to the outside world was firstly tainted by the measures taken in 1931 to regiment Italian intellectuals, and then finally collapsed with the aggression to Ethiopia. However, this article shows that the involvement in the L.o.N.'s cultural organizations, while providing Fascism with international channels for circulating its propaganda, also determined instances of real cooperation: the most emblematic case is represented by the development of cinematography, which can be considered Italy's long-term contribution to the enhancement of intellectual cooperation within the L.o.N. in the interwar period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Estudios Sociológicos is the property of El Colegio de Mexico AC and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article focuses on how the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted the Program for Cooperative Cataloging (PCC) and its institutions, discussing changes in cataloging routines and the way PCC conducts business. Topics discussed include the adaptation to remote work and its effects on cataloging routines, the shift to online and hybrid meetings, and the potential long-term changes in cataloging practices and the PCC's operational methods.

Copyright of IBEROAMERICANA. América Latina - España - Portugal is the property of Vervuert Verlag and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Contributions by individual open source software (OSS) community members are the lifeblood of the OSS projects that power today’s digital economy and are important for the very survival of such communities. Individual contributions by OSS community members to others’ projects and their own determine whether OSS communities are resilient in the face of major shocks. Arguably, if crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic prompt users to reduce their contributions to others’ projects relative to the contributions to their own projects, such behavior can have implications for the overall resilience of the OSS community. Therefore, whether and how individuals change their contributions in the face of a crisis is an important question. We examine whether members in an OSS community increased or decreased their contributions to others’ projects relative to their own in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic, a sudden and unexpected global health-related shock that has affected almost everyone. We also compare and contrast this behavior when the OSS community faced increasing unemployment, an economic cyclic shock that is arguably and relatively more personal. Drawing on the concept of prosocial behavior and conservation of resources (COR) theory, we hypothesize that the pandemic increased OSS community members’ contributions to others’ projects relative to their own; on the other hand, the threat of rising unemployment decreased OSS community members’ contributions to others’ projects relative to their own. Our empirical analyses of a longitudinal dataset of over 18,000 OSS community members on GitHub, with more than 1.4 million member-day observations, support our hypotheses. This study contributes by uncovering the differential effects of exogenous health-related and economic shocks on the resilience of the OSS community. We conclude with a discussion of our findings’ implications for OSS community resilience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In contributing to the scholarly debate on the European Union's (EU) foreign policy, this paper focuses on an under-explored, yet central, subset of the latter, namely the EU's cultural relations with the Eastern Partnership (EaP). Concretely, it examines what discursive articulations the EU advances through its cultural relations with the region. To do so, it applies a poststructuralist approach to a selection of data retrieved from EU policy documents and declarations (2007–2020) and semi-structured interviews with EU officials and cultural operators. The analysis reveals that three discursive articulations of EU identity are advanced: a) 'United in Diversity', showcasing 'Europe' as a model; b) 'co-creation', promoting dialogue and mutuality with the EaP; and c) 'messaging', framing Russia as an existential threat. Despite some contradictions, the analysis detects an important tendency towards geographical othering, and notably towards the externalising of the threat location in identity production. By resorting to default conceptions of culture, EU discourse splits the EU and Russia into two organic systems of differences. Overall, EU identity reproduction within the cultural terrain – and the antagonism that comes with it – produces and nurtures the very contested world that the EU seeks to navigate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyses the treatment that International Labour Organization (ILO) gave to international migration in Latin America--between 1930 and 1960--at the American Labor Conferences. Based on a qualitative methodology, a documentary corpus consisting of memories, statements, and reports produced in the context of the conferences held by the organization was constructed and analyzed. This document aims to contribute to the scarce existing academic production about the treatment that migrations received during the period in question by international organizations. It also shows how the possibility of regulating migration at the regional level was established on the ILO agenda. The article concludes that this agenda, marked by utilitarian thinking schemes on migration, is a laboratory for the incipient promotion of measures aimed at the denationalization of migration policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on a case-study of the International Committee on Intellectual Cooperation (Geneva, 1922-1946) and the International Institute of Intellectual Cooperation (Paris, 1924-1946), working for the League of Nations, this article aims at underlining the importance of international institutions for the conception and dissemination of world literature on a global scale. First, it shows how these institutions attempted to regulate literature through international standards, conferences and literary collections. Then, it argues that these regulations have the effect of questioning and pluralizing the definitions and uses of literature. Finally, it calls for a greater consideration of institutional archives in the writing of world literature and literary history, for they allow us to renew our narratives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the decline of public intellectuals and the challenges they face. Topics include scholars' desire for status within their field, a lack of interdisciplinary thinking, and difficulties in communicating with the wider public. The article also discusses the importance of public intellectuals in addressing societal challenges and provides guidance for academic leaders and scholars interested in cultivating public intellectualism.

The Roman poet Horace provides an unlikely-seeming source of inspiration and consolation to a writer emerging in South Africa in the late 1980s. This account essays some history of the way one poet can work on another across cultures and millennia, noting the mediating force of W.H. Auden and the significance of form over content in brokering a stylistic affection that has lasted. The essay follows also Gilbert Highet's premise in his Poets in a Landscape, by following the author in his tracks to Italy and the valley of Horace's Digentia, now the Licenza river. Whether the essay is about the formation of a twenty-first century echo or the recovery of a two-thousand-year-old exemplum in outlandish circumstances is moot, and probably entangled. This essay in creative non-fiction expresses a long affinity for the Roman poet Quintus Hotarius Flaccus (Horace), and the circumstances of that affinity with particular reference to the author's encounter with him across South Africa and Italy, in youth and maturity. The essay makes elliptical reference to the work of the poet but does not set out any extended critical analysis; it is more gently interested in the formation of the author's own intellectual and poetic community with the ancient Roman. In broad canvas it problematises the reception of the so-called classics in the global South, but more pronouncedly represents the formation of a writerly and philosophical outlook in a time of transformation. The essay is preoccupied also with the endurance of place, or ideologised space, in the persistence of a canonical classic, and extends its encounter with Horace's Sabine hills and villa to the remote-but-related landscape of the (South African) mind. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Historia y Politica: Ideas, Procesos y Movimientos Sociales is the property of Departamento De Historia del Pensamiento y de los Moviemientos Sociales y Politicos (Madrid) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article characterizes the biography and endeavors of Roman Pollak (1886-1972) -- an outstanding Polish literary scholar who also contributed greatly to the development of Polish- Italian scientific and cultural relations in the 20th century. His interest in Italian culture manifested itself at an early age, and he later expressed it in his scientific work. During the interwar period, he was a professor of Polish Language and Literature at the University of Rome and a delegate of the Ministry of Religious Affairs and Public Education to Italy. During his service, he contributed to the revival of the existing polonophile circles and institutions in Italy, as well as the creation of many new ones, which also operated after World War II. The year 2022 marks the 50th death anniversary of Pollak. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyses the changes that took place in the Museo Nacional de Bellas Artes (the National Museum of Fine Arts) of Argentina in the 1930s. Founded in 1895, it moved to a new building in 1933, leaving behind the chaotic display of the 19th-century pavilion that used to host its collections. The newly relocated museum then revealed a brand-new museography, which implied radical changes in its display methods and artwork selection. The main person responsible for this revamping was Atilio Chiáppori, its Director. An avid reader of Mouseion, he edited the Boletín del Museo Nacional de Bellas Artes, where he published articles – that he translated into Spanish himself – for the Argentinian public to read. Our article aims to understand the influence of the International Museums Office – International Council of Museum's direct ancestor – and Mouseion in Argentina, taking the Museo Nacional de Bellas Artes as a case study. We will trace the influence of the debates conveyed by this magazine in the 1930s to better comprehend the place of Argentina within the context of the birth of museography as we know it today, and within newly born multilateral organisations like the International Institute of Intellectual Cooperation. Along with the study of the Museum's Boletín and its photographic archives, we will also dig into Mouseion's pages and the proceedings of the famous 1934 Muséographie conference. By reviewing these sources together with Luz en el Templo, the memoir written by Chiáppori about his time as a museum director, we will try to understand the transformation of a 19th-century museum for the elite into a place of public education and debate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At the end of 1933, the International Commission on Historical Monuments (ICHM) was founded under the framework of the International Museums Office. The ICHM was a result of the discussions at the Athens Conference in 1931, at which the participants had explicitly expressed the wish to cooperate more closely internationally in the field of the conservation of cultural heritage. The ICHM considered itself a coordinating body for experience and documentation, a platform for exchange and a source of inspiration for the national administrations. They aimed to generate greater respect among the people for the testimonies of the past and to stimulate a spirit of international solidarity. Even before the ambitious goals of the Commission could bear fruit in practice, the disintegration of the international community put an abrupt end to the ideas of the Commission members around 1937. In this research note, a brief overview of the institutional and personnel anchoring of the ICHM is given, likely to be an impulse for further research questions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]